Relevant bibliographies by topics / Embryo transfer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Embryo transfer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Embryo transfer"

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Vivanco-Mackie, H. W., M. D. P. Salazar, M. Miguel, C. Youngs, and M. Asparrin. "164 EMBRYO SURVIVAL TO CALVING ACCORDING TO TYPE OF EMBRYO AND EMBRYO TRANSFER METHOD IN ALPACAS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab164.

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The objective of the study was to determine the embryo survival up to calving of fresh and cryopreserved (frozen and vitrified) alpaca embryos transferred into alpaca recipients by nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer and by surgical laparoscopically aided embryo transfer. For this report we have compiled the information from 127 embryo transfers in alpacas done by our group at Mallkini, Puno, Peru, at 4200 m elevation. The embryos have been collected from superovulated donor alpacas flushed at 6.5 days post mating, some were transferred as fresh and some were cryopreserved; the recipients (3 to 7 years old) were selected based on presence of functional corpora lutea at ecosonographic examination and subjected to ovarian cycle synchronization and ovulation induction as per Vivanco (2013). From a total of 133 alpacas selected, 127 were used, from which 82 received fresh, 32 frozen, and 13 vitrified embryos. All embryos were classed as A-class expanded blastocysts at time of transfer. By nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer, 33 embryos were transferred fresh, 22 were frozen/thawed embryos, and 13 were vitrified/warmed embryos. By surgical laparoscopically aided method, 49 embryos were transferred fresh and 10 embryos were frozen/thawed; no vitrified embryos were transferred by this method. Results are detailed in Table 1. Pregnancy losses occured at up to 9 weeks (63 days) of gestation, the heaviest loss occurs in the first 3 weeks. After 9 weeks of gestation, no losses were registered. In average, 22% of fresh embryos transferred were represented as crias born. None of the cryopreserved embryos survived up to 11 weeks post-transfer. There is no difference in percentage of crias born between nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfers and surgical laparoscopically aided embryo transfers.The heavy embryo losses could be related to nutrition and high-altitude limitations; however, it is difficult to make comparisons with others because reports to date lack information on the actual crias born from embryo transfers in alpacas; most of the reports are based on pregnancy reports up to 30 to 60 days post-transfers. To date, no births from cryopreserved alpaca embryos have been reported. Furher studies on causes of embryo/fetal losses are necessary. Table 1.Results of embryo transfer This study was financed by the Peruvian Fund for Innovation, Science and Technology (FINCYT).
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Dorsch, Martina, Isabell Wittur, and Wiebke Garrels. "Success of embryo transfer in mice with freshly collected and cryopreserved two-cell embryos with different genetic backgrounds correlated with the number of transferred embryos: A 5-year retrospective analysis." Laboratory Animals 53, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219832922.

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Embryo transfer of pre-implantation embryos to surrogate dams is a key technique for the hygienic sanitation of strains, cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization, genetic modification and engineering. However, the effects of several parameters, such as the number of transferred embryos, on the success of embryo transfer are not well studied. In this retrospective study, we reanalysed 1320 embryo transfers of two-cell embryos originating from genetically altered donors, which were performed under routine conditions in our facility over a period of 5 years. Of them, 453 embryo transfers were done with freshly collected embryos and 867 transfers were performed with cryopreserved embryos. Despite the fact that the genetic background of the embryo donors was quite heterogeneous, we found that the transfer of ≥ 21 embryos reduced the success of embryo transfers for freshly collected embryos in correlation with the number of pregnancies and born pups, whereas this was not the case for transfer in the cryopreservation group. Most pregnancies were achieved after embryo transfer of 10–20 freshly collected embryos (90.4%), which dropped to 37.5% if more embryos were transferred. The highest pregnancy rates in the cryopreservation group were achieved if 15–17 embryos were transferred (62.9%). Despite the fact that the precise substrains were only rarely defined, we confirmed that beside the number of transferred embryos, the genetic background of the donors had an influence on the success of embryo transfer. Significantly more embryos in a C57BL/6 background developed to term than embryos on a BALB/c background.
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Parwati, Ni Ketut Ayu Ratih Diyah, I. Nyoman Mangku Karmaya, and Yuliana . "Cleavage (Day 3) Vs Blastocyst (D5 and D6) Frozen Embryo Transfer." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240177.

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Objectives Knowledge about the success of the IVF program in frozen embryo transfer using cleavage stage (day 3) versus blastocyst stage (day 5 and day 6) is still limited. Several studies have found that embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage is more effective than at the cleavage stage. This study aimed to determine the quality of embryos after freezing-thawing and success rates on frozen embryo transfer on day 3 compared to day 5 and day 6. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case control analytic study included 157 participants aged below 40 years old who met our inclusion criteria between March 2018 to December 2022. Twenty-nine patients had day 3 frozen embryo transfers with a total of 65 frozen-thawed embryos, 110 patients had day 5 frozen embryo transfers with a total of 203 frozen-thawed blastocysts, and 18 patients had day 6 frozen embryo transfers with a total of 30 frozen-thawed blastocysts. Parameters were observed based on survival rate of embryos after freezing-thawing, number of embryo transfer per groups, pregnancy, implantation, miscarriages, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), anembryonic pregnancy, and live birth rates. Results: There was no significant difference in survival rate of embryos after freezing-thawing among groups, however, pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher for day 5 frozen embryo transfer compared to those on day 3 and day 6 frozen embryo transfers. No significant differences were found in the miscarriage rate, IUFD, and live birth rate in the three groups. Keywords: day 3 frozen embryo transfer, day 5 and day 6 frozen embryo transfer, recovery embryos, pregnancy rate, implantation rate, live birth rate
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Dayal, Ram, and Kamla Singh. "Factors affecting the pregnancy outcome of in-vitro produced day 3 embryos: a retrospective cohort study of 467 patients." International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology 2, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v2i5.84.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate several factors, such as transfer of fresh embryos & body mass index (BMI), frozen embryos, endometrium thickness, and transfer of self and donor embryos, on the pregnancy outcomes in North Indian patients. In this observational retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 500 patients who underwent infertility treatment that visited IRCC Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India between June 2017 to June 2020 was studied. Out of 500 patients, only 467 patients were selected (93.40%) and 33 patients were excluded (6.60%) from the study. Patients were distributed in fresh embryo transfer n=312 (66.80%) and frozen embryo transfer n = 155 (33.19%). They were divided into six groups of different age groups patients: fresh embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with grade-A and grade-B embryos; group (C-1), fresh embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C-2), fresh embryo transfer on day 3, correlation of IVF pregnancy with age and BMI; group (C-3), frozen embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C - 4), self-frozen embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C-5), donor frozen embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C-6). Of the six groups, the pregnancy rate was the lowest in the C-6 group (30.5%), while it was the highest in the C-5 group (65.2%). We also noticed that patients aged above 41 years have the lowest pregnancy rates; whereas, young patients had higher pregnancy rates. Conclusion: frozen self-embryo transfer seems to be the best choice for all maternal ages. Embryo transfers in this group might have low neonatal outcomes. In particular, frozen embryo transfers seem to benefit younger maternal age.
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Stafford-Bell, M. A., and C. M. Copeland. "Surrogacy in Australia: implantation rates have implications for embryo quality and uterine receptivity." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 1 (2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00044.

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Since the passage, in November 1995, of the ACT Substitute Parents Agreement Act, The Canberra Fertility Centre has added a true gestational carrier pregnancy programme to its established infertility and IVF services. Embryos generated are transferred as frozen–thawed embryos to the carrier in an average of 2.2 embryos per transfer. Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1999 the results of 49 frozen embryo transfers to 25 gestational carriers were compared with 849 frozen embryo transfers on a routine IVF programme. In the carrier group, the embryo implantation rate of 13.8% per embryo transferred is double that of an exactly comparable group of patients undergoing routine frozen–thawed embryo transfer on the same IVF programme and considerably higher than those reported in large series of frozen–thawed embryo transfers. Exclusion from the carrier pregnancy programme of patients with incipient ovarian failure results in an implantation rate of 16.7%, a clinical pregnancy rate of 29.0% and a live birth rate of 19.4% per embryo transfer procedure.
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Singh, Preksha T., Shreyans D. Singhvi, Utkarsh Kachhia, Trishala Punjabi, Shital Punjabi, and Rajesh Punjabi. "Retrospective study of multiple factors imparting effect on pregnancy outcomes in an in-vitro-fertilization centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202340.

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Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles include in vitro fertilization of the sperm and ovum and transferring the embryo formed into the uterus of the patients. In ART cycles, there is still a shroud of doubt regarding the pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer on day 3 versus the embryo transfers on day 5 as well the better pregnancy outcome with fresh versus frozen embryo transfer and the number of embryos transferred. This study is aimed to evaluate these factors and study the way to optimize methods to obtain highest pregnancy outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 87 patients who had undergone embryo transfers during the duration of the study from an IVF centre in Ahmedabad. Multiple factors were studied and the clinical outcome was tabulated. The pregnancy outcomes were compared using the values of beta- hcg (human chorionic gonadotropin). The data was compiled and analyzed using Google spreadsheets. To find the statistical difference between different factors- the statistical method of Fischer’s exact test and p-value was used.Results: No statistical difference between day 3 and day 5 embryo transfer as well as between frozen and fresh embryo transfer were both. All of them were found equally efficacious, although 3 and 5 number of embryo transfers were found efficacious.Conclusions: In conclusion authors recommend a day 5 embryo transfer with 3 or 5 embryos which are best-quality frozen or fresh embryos to achieve maximum pregnancy outcomes.
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Awadalla, Michael, Nicole Vestal, Lynda McGinnis, and Ali Ahmady. "Effect of Age and Morphology on Live Birth Rate After Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer." Reproductive Sciences 28, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00249-9.

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AbstractAccurate knowledge of the live birth rate for cleavage stage embryos is essential to determine an appropriate number of embryos to transfer at once. Results from previous studies lack details needed for practical use. This is a mathematical analysis and model building study of day 3 cleavage stage embryo transfers. A total of 996 embryos were transferred in 274 fresh and 83 frozen embryo transfers. Embryo morphology was divided into 4 groups based on number of cells and fragmentation percentage. Each embryo transfer was modeled as an equation equating the sum of the live birth rates of the transferred embryos to the number of live births that resulted. The least squares solution to the system of embryo transfer equations was determined using linear algebra. This analysis was repeated for ages 35 to 42 years old at oocyte retrieval. The best fit live birth rates per embryo in the age group centered on 35 years old were 29%, 13%, 10%, and 9% for embryos in the 8-cell with ≤ 5% fragmentation, 8-cell with > 5% fragmentation, 9–12 cell, and 6–7 cell groups, respectively. Cleavage stage embryos with fewer than 6 cells on day 3 had very low best fit live birth rates close to 0% at age 39 years and were excluded from the primary analysis to prevent overfitting. These live birth rates can be used with a simple embryo transfer model to predict rates of single and multiple gestation prior to a planned cleavage stage embryo transfer.
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Castro, A. S., J. Xu, D. C. Pereira, L. Ferre, N. Diaz, J. Moreno, and F. Du. "169 EMBRYO TRANSFER OF SEXED/VITRIFIED IVF EMBRYOS IN CATTLE: PREGNANCY COMPARISON AFTER SINGLE AND DOUBLE TRANSFERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab169.

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Advancement in sperm sorting technology combined with vitrification of in vitro produced bovine embryos will promote cattle breeding and production. The objective of this study was to evaluate pregnancy and embryo loss after embryo transfer (ET) of sexed/vitrified embryos with one bilaterally (double transfer, 2 embryos) v. ipsilaterally (single transfer, 1 embryo) into the recipient. Bovine oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries or ovum pickup were matured for 20-22 h, then subjected to IVF using Brackett and Oliphant BO procedures with sorted X-sperm, and cultured with our standard culture system. Expanded blastocysts with tight compaction of the inner cell mass (quality 1) were selected on Day 7 for cryopreservation via liquid nitrogen surface vitrification (LNSV; Xu et al. 2006 J. Dairy Sci. 89, 2510-2518). Embryo transfer was performed for 3 replicates in Navasota, Texas, in April 2009. Prior to ET, embryos were warmed and subsequently washed several times in warming, dehydration solution and base medium. Some of sexed/vitrified embryos were cultured for 3 days post-warming to determine the survivability. The treatments were as follows: (1) vitrified-single transfers, 1 embryo was transferred into the horn ipsilateral to CL; (2) vitrified-double transfers, 1 embryo was transferred into each uterine horn by nonsurgical transfer; and (3) fresh-single, 1 fresh embryo was transferred into the horn ipsilateral to CL (control) to a synchronous recipient on Day 7. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasound monitoring on Day 35, and palpation per rectum on Day 75 after transfer. The pregnancy data were analyzed by General Linear Model analysis (SPSS 11.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The survival rate of vitrified IVF embryos reached to as high as 97.6% (n = 42) 2 h post-warming, and hatching rate was 85.7% after 3 days culture in vitro. The data (Table 1) showed that there was no difference in Day 35 pregnancy rate among vitrified-double, vitrified-single, and fresh ET control groups. However, on Day 75 post-ET, there was a significantly higher fetal loss found in the vitrified-double transfer group (41.1%) compared to those of vitrified-single transfers (16.6%) and fresh-single group (11.9%) (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate on Day 75 of 51.4% achieved with vitrified-single transfers was comparable to the 43.3% achieved with the fresh-single control transfers but was significantly higher than the 31.1% of the vitrified-double transfer group. This study demonstrated that double embryo transfers can aggravate high fetal loss and/or abortion when sexed IVF embryos are transferred, and ET with 1 sexed/vitrified embryo per recipient is sufficient to establish satisfactory pregnancy, comparable to that achieved with fresh embryos. Table 1.Pregnancy and fetal loss of sexed/vitrified bovine IVF embryos following single and double transfers Supported by USDA/CSREES-SBIR: 2006-03069 Phase II to F. Du.
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Pham, Hoang Huy, Anh Le, Tri Nguyen, Toan Pham, Tuong Ho, and Lan Vuong. "#48 : Blastocyst Versus Day-3 Embryo Transfers After In Vitro Maturation with Pre-Maturation Step (CAPA-IVM) in PCOS Patients." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223741978.

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Background and Aims: IVM combined with a pre-maturation step known as capacitation IVM (CAPA-IVM) improves the competence of in-vitro matured oocytes. According to our previous study, the current clinical practice of transferring day-3 embryos resulted in a live birth rate of 35.2% after the first frozen embryo transfer (FET) following CAPA-IVM. Advances in embryo culture systems have allowed us to extend the duration of embryo culture to blastocyst. There is a lack of data on blastocyst transfer following CAPA-IVM. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of blastocyst versus day-3 embryo transfer after CAPA-IVM in PCOS patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two infertility centers in Vietnam from 1 January 2018 to 28 February 2022. The study compared two groups of PCOSwomen who had frozen embryo transferred (FET) with CAPA-IVM. Group 1 had blastocyst transfer and Group 2 had day-3 embryo transfer. The couples made the final decision on the stage of embryos transferred. The inclusion criteria were women aged between 18-40 years and had freeze-all their embryos. The primary outcome was the live birth rate after the first FET. Results: Out of 275 eligible women for the study, 87 of themhad blastocyst transfer, and 188 had day-3 embryo transfer. The mean number of embryos transferred for blastocyst transfer and day-3 embryo transfer were 1.27 and 1.93, p < 0.001, respectively. Live birth rate after the first transfer was comparable between blastocyst and day-3 embryo transfers (34.5% vs. 37.8%, p=0.696, respectively). The blastocyst transfer group had a significantly lower multiple pregnancy rate as compared to day-3 embryo transfer group (4.6% vs. 18.0%; p=0.005, respectively). Conclusions: Blastocyst transfer had comparable live birth rate but lower multiple pregnancy rate to day-3 embryo transfer after the first FET following CAPA-IVM in PCOS women.
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Kontopoulos, Simopoulou, Zervomanolakis, Prokopakis, Dimitropoulos, Dedoulis, Grigorakis, et al. "Cleavage Stage versus Blastocyst Stage Embryo Transfer in Oocyte Donation Cycles." Medicina 55, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060293.

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Background and Objective: During the last few years, a trend has been noted towards embryos being transferred at the blastocyst stage, which has been associated with improved rates regarding implantation and clinical pregnancy in comparison to cleavage stage embryo transfers. There is a limited number of studies investigating this notion in oocyte donation cycles employing cryopreserved embryos. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implantation potential and clinical pregnancy rates between the day 3 cleavage stage and blastocyst stage embryo transfers in oocyte donation cycles employing vitrified embryos. Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of oocyte donation frozen–thawed transfers completed in our clinic from January 2017 to December 2017. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was conducted for all oocytes. Following fertilization, all embryos were cryopreserved either at the cleavage or blastocyst stage. Embryo transfer of two embryos was performed under direct sonographic guidance in all cases. Results: Our results confirmed a 55.6% clinical pregnancy (CP) resulting from day 3 embryo transfers, a 68.8% CP from day 5, and 71.4% CP from day 6. Significantly improved pregnancy rates were related to embryo transfers at the blastocyst stage when compared to cleavage stage transfers (68.9% and 55.6% respectively, p = 0.016). The risk with regards to multiple pregnancies was similar. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that in oocyte donation cycles employing vitrified embryos, embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage is accompanied with a significant improvement in pregnancy rates and merits further investigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Embryo transfer"

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Bruckner, Michael. "Biofluid Mechanics Of Embryo Transfer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10159.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude du comportement hydrodynamique d'un embryon lors de la procédure de transfert suivant la fécondation in-vitro. Un couple sur six fait l'expérience de problèmes d'infertilité. Aujourd'hui 5 millions de nourrissons sont nés depuis la première fécondation in-vitro en 1978. En 2009, 1.5 millions de cycles de Procréation Médicalement Assistée étaient débutés, donnant ainsi naissance à350 000 nourrissons de par le monde. Le nombre de cycle est en constante augmentation de 5 à 10 % par an et le nombre de cycle de PMA pourrait être proche de 4 millions à l'horizon 2020. Bien que l'étape de fertilisation soit maintenant bien maitrisée avec 80% de réussite, l'étape finale du transfert d'embryon dans la cavité intra-utérine reste une étape critique puisque seulement 25% des cycles mènent à une grossesse viable. Bien que chaque cycle soit couteux, aucun protocole spécifique, optimisé, et indépendant de l'opérateur n'a encore été mis au point. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons de démontrer dans un premier temps l'intérêt et la faisabilité d'une approche de bio ingénierie. En effet, bien que l'issue de transfert dépende de nombreux facteurs chimiques et physiologiques, cette étape cruciale peut aussi être étudiée d'un point de vue mécanique des fluides. Cette étape peut être décomposée en plusieurs sous-étapes : l'introduction du cathéter dans la cavité intra utérine, l'injection du fluide medium contenant un ou plusieurs embryons, et le retrait du cathéter. On peut dégager plusieurs paramètres d'importance comme la viscosité des fluides, la vitesse d'injection, la vitesse de retrait du cathéter, le schéma de chargement du cathéter, et les géométries de la cavité et du cathéter. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons à la structure des écoulements de fluides intra-uterins au moment de l'injection. L'influence des paramètres constitutifs d'importance est étudiée grâce à un code de calcul résolvant les équations de Navier-Stokes dans une géométrie tri-dimensionnelle idéalisée. Une étude des trajectographies potentielles des embryons est également réalisée et mis en relation directe avec les zones d'implantation optimales et à risques. A l'issue de ces calculs, nous sommes en mesure de proposer des recommandations à l'usage des cliniciens pratiquant le transfert d'embryon. La dernière partie de la thèse est une ouverture vers les méthodes numériquesnécessaires à l'appréhension des phénomènes d'interaction fluide/structure à l'échelle de l'embryon. L'embryon est en effet soumis à des contraintes potentiellement destructrices au moment du transfert qu'il ne nous est pas possible de définir précisément _à l'_échelle de l'utérus. Dans l'optique du développement d'un modèle mécanique d'un blastocyste pour déterminer les paramètres procéduraux minimisant les contraintes, nous présentons l'implémentation de deux méthodes numériques de type Eulerienne-Eulerienne. La première est une méthode level-set dans un code en volumes finis et bénéficiant de raffinement de maillage automatique. La seconde concerne une méthode phase-field basée sur un formalisme éléments finis de type Galerkin discontinu
This thesis focuses on the study of the hydrodynamic behavior of an embryo during the transfer process following the in vitro fertilization. Worldwide, one in six couples experiences infertility problems. Today, 5 millions babies are born from an in-vitro fertilization since the first one in 1978. In 2009, 1.5 millions Assisted Reproductive Technology cycles have been started, resulting in 350 000 births. The total number of cycles per year is constantly increasing (from 5 to 10 %), and the number of ART cycles is believed to reach 4 millions per year in 2020. Although the fertilization step is now fairly mastered with a 80% success rate, the final stage consisting in the embryo transfer into the uterine cavity remains a critical step, since only 25% of the cycles lead to a live birth. Even though every cycle is expensive, no specific, optimized and operator-independent protocol has been developed yet. In this thesis, we first demonstrate the interest and the feasibility of a bio-engineering approach. Indeed, although the issue of the transfer depends on numerous chemical and physiological factors, this crucial step can also be studied from a fluid mechanical point of view. This step can be divided in several sub-steps : introduction of the catheter in the intra-uterine cavity, injection of the medium fluid containing one or several embryos, and the withdrawal of the catheter. One can identify several important parameters such as fluids viscosity, injections speeds, catheter withdrawal speed, catheter loading scheme and the geometries of the uterine cavity and the catheter. In a second part, we focus on the fluid ow patterns inside the uterine cavity during the injection. The influence of the system parameters is studied thanks to a computational solving of the Navier-Stokes equations in an idealized three-dimensional uterine cavity. A study of the potential trajectories of the embryos is also conducted and confronted against the location of optimal implantation zones but also risky zones. As the outcome of these computations, we are able to propose recommendations for physicians practicing embryo transfers. In the last part of the thesis, we discuss numerical methods for the fluid{structure interaction study of embryo transfer. The embryo is indeed submitted to potentially destructive stress constraints at injection time that we are not capable of defining precisely at the scale of the uterine cavity. With the aim of developing a mechanical model for the blastocyst to determine system parameters minimizing the constraints, we present the implementation of two Eulerian numerical methods. The first one is a fluid-structure level set method in a finite volume code benefiting from an automatic mesh refinement feature. The second one addresses a phase field method based on a Discontinuous Galerkin finite element formalism
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Lehloenya, KC, and JPC Greyling. "Embryo transfer using cryopreserved Boer goat blastocysts." South African Journal of Animal Science, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001198.

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Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of embryo cryopreservation techniques on the survivability of embryos and fertility following transfer to Boer goat does. The oestrous cycles of 27 mature recipients Boer goat does were synchronised using controlled internal drug release dispensers (CIDR’s) for 16 days. At CIDR removal, does were injected with 300 IU eCG. The recipient does were allocated to 3 groups (n = 9 per group), based on the technique of cryopreservation used for the embryos transferred. The in vivo produced embryos used were at blastocyst stage and surgically collected on day 6 following AI from Boer goat donors superovulated with pFSH. The first group received fresh embryos and served as the control, the second group of does received conventional slow frozen/thawed embryos and the third group received vitrified/thawed embryos. Two blastocysts were transferred per doe. A pregnancy rate of 85.7% (n = 6) was obtained following the transfer of fresh embryos and tended to be better than in does receiving slow frozen and vitrified embryos, (n = 4; 50.0% and n = 3; 37.5% does pregnant, respectively). The overall gestation period recorded for all does was 146.3 ± 3.0 d, with an overall litter size of 1.7 ± 0.5 being recorded. The kidding rate of the recipient does declined to 57.0% (4) and 25.0% (2) for fresh and conventional slow frozen groups, respectively. An embryo survival rate of 35.7% (n = 5) for fresh, 25.0% (n = 4) for conventional slow freezing and 31.3% (n = 5) for vitrification was recorded and was not affected by the number of CL’s present on the respective ovaries at the time of transfer. There was a tendency for more females to be born than males (ratio 1 : 2, male : female) but this could not be related to the cryopreservation technique. Although the pregnancy rate following the transfer of fresh embryos was satisfactory, the embryo survival rate following the transfer of either fresh or cryopreserved embryos tended to be less acceptable. More research is warranted with larger numbers of animals, directed at improving the survivability of embryos following fresh and cryopreserved goat embryo transfer.
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Naveed, Fatima. "Role of embryo quality in a randomised comparison of laser assisted hatching on the implantation rate of frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972044.

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Hultling, Claes. "Assisted reproduction technology in men with ejaculatory dysfunction with special reference to spinal cord injury /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2806-1/.

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McGowan, Rebecca. "Aneuploid Embryo Transfer: Clinical Policies and Provider Opinions at U.S. Fertility Clinics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563527467302174.

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Vogt, Britta. "Methoden der künstlichen Befruchtung "Dreierregel" versus "Single Embryo Transfer"." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988209411/04.

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Montfoort, Aafke Philomena Anna van. "Prevention of twin pregnancies in IVF by single embryo transfer." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8686.

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Silva, Paula Cardoso de Almeida. "Produ??o in vivo e identifica??o do sexo de embri?es h?bridos Equus caballus X Equus asinus." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1299.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Embryo transfer and other biotechnologies are intensivelyused for equine reproduction and other species as well. Even though there is an expansion of the mule market and an increase in the number of animals, researches working with reproduction of these animals are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate aspects of embryo transfer, embryo morphology and gender identification of hybrid (horses x donkeys) embryos, checking either their similarity or divergence with the characteristics already known of equine embryos. Attempts of embryo collection on Day 6 -9 after OV were performed in mares previously bred with a P?ga donkey. The embryo recovery rates, the characteristics related to age, morphology and embryonic diameter were evaluated. After these assessments, a group of embryos was cut using an adapted technique, where, the cutting process was carried out with the aid of an ophthalmic scalpel blade. The resulting biggest cut portion was used for embryo transfer, and the smallest parts and the others whole embryos to determination of the embryo gender. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, with 5% significance, except the daily growth of embryos, which was analyzed by linear regression. The overall embryo recovery rate was 55,9% (71/127), and for each group D6, D7, D8 and D9, was 57,1% (28/49), 51% (25/49), 63% (15/24) 60% (3/5), respectively. The developmental stage of the collected embryos were, morula: 18.3% (13/71); early blastocysts: 26,8% (19/71); blastocyst: 29,6% (21/71); and expanded blastocysts: 25,3% (18/71). The measured diameter revealed that the size of the embryos ranged from 147 to 1688?m, the mean diameter of all collected embryos was 438,04?m, and according to different groups, the average size (smallest and largest diameter) of embryos were D6 (n = 29) - 183,4?m (147 - 253?m), D7 (n = 24) - 463,2?m (168 - 886?m), D8 (n = 15) - 727,2?m (422 - 1224?m ) and D9 (n = 3) - 1350,6?m (844 - 1688?m), and daily growth rate was 312,7?m. After the section, the 23 embryos were transfered, only one recipient mare was diagnosed as pregnant at 15 days after ovulation, however after 30 days the embryo was lost. The efficiency of the sex identification by PCR using the primers SRY and ZFX / ZFY was 85,9% (61/71), being 55,7% (34/61) determined as female: and 39,3% (27/61) as male. Embryo transfer has shown to be favorable to aid mule reproduction, whereas the recovery rate and the characteristics of the embryos are similar to equine embryos. Altough, the methodology used to section of embryos had unable the gestational development, the most part of the biopsy derived cutting allowed sexing of the embryos
A transfer?ncia de embri?es e outras biotecnologias reprodutivas s?o cada vez mais utilizadas para a produ??o de equinos e de outros animais, entretanto, mesmo com a expans?o do mercado de muares e com crescimento do n?mero de animais, as pesquisas relacionadas com a produ??o desses animais ainda s?o raras. O presente estudo avaliou as caracter?sticas relacionadas ? transfer?ncia de embri?es, a morfologia e a identifica??o do sexo de embri?es h?bridos (muares), verificando sua semelhan?a ou diverg?ncia com as caracter?sticas j? conhecidas em equinos. Foram realizadas colheitas de embri?es provenientes do cruzamento de ?guas com um jumento P?ga, nos dias 6, 7, 8 e 9 ap?s a ovula??o, a taxa de recupera??o embrion?ria, e as caracter?sticas relacionadas com a idade, morfologia e di?metro embrion?rio foram avaliadas para os diferentes dias. Ap?s essas avalia??es, uma parte dos embri?es coletados foi seccionada, com uma t?cnica adaptada onde o corte foi realizado com o aux?lio de uma l?mina de bisturi oftalmol?gico. A maior por??o resultante do corte foi destinada para transfer?ncia de embri?es e a menor parte, juntamente com os embri?es inteiros, foram utilizados para verificar a efici?ncia dos primers SRY e ZFX/ZFY, na an?lise molecular para a determina??o do sexo dos embri?es. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Exato de Fisher, com 5% de signific?ncia, exceto o crescimento di?rio dos embri?es que foi analisado atrav?s da regress?o linear. A taxa de recupera??o embrion?ria total foi de 55,9% (71/127), e para os diferentes dias de colheita D6, D7, D8 e D9, foi 57,1% (28/49), 51% (25/49), 63% (15/24), 60% (3/5), respectivamente. Os embri?es coletados apresentavam-se nos seguintes est?gios de desenvolvimento, m?rulas: 18,3% (13/71); blastocistos iniciais: 26,8% (19/71); blastocistos: 29,6% (21/71); e blastocistos expandidos: 25,3% (18/71). O di?metro mensurado revelou que o tamanho dos embri?es variou entre 147 - 1688?m, a m?dia do di?metro de todos os embri?es recolhidos foi de 438,04?m, e de acordo com os diferentes dias de colheita, o tamanho m?dio (maior e menor di?metro) dos embri?es foi de: D6 (n = 29) ? 183,4?m (147 - 253?m), D7 (n = 24) ? 463,2?m (168 - 886?m), D8 (n = 15) ? 727,2?m (422 - 1224?m) e D9 (n = 3) ? 1350,6?m (844 ? 1688?m), e a taxa de crescimento di?ria foi de 312,7?m. Ap?s a sec??o e transfer?ncia de 23 embri?es, apenas uma receptora foi diagnosticada como gestante aos 15 dias, mas aos 30 dias, o embri?o tinha sido absorvido. A identifica??o do sexo atrav?s da t?cnica de PCR, utilizando os primers SRY e ZFx/ZFy foi de 85,9% (61/71), sendo determinado f?meas: 55,7% (34/61) e machos: 39,3% (27/61). A transfer?ncia de embri?es ? favor?vel para auxiliar na produ??o de muares, a taxa de recupera??o e as caracter?sticas dos embri?es s?o semelhantes aos embri?es equinos. A metodologia de sec??o dos embri?es, inviabilizou o desenvolvimento gestacional, entretanto a biopsia oriunda do corte permitiu a sexagem da maioria dos embri?es coletados.
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Wulster, Meghan Carole. "Estradiol-17beta-Oxytocin Induced Cervical Dilation in Sheep: Application to Transcervical Embryo." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36942.

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Experiments were initiated to determine whether exogenous estradiol-17beta (E2) and oxytocin (OT) can be used to dilate the cervix and improve transcervical embryo transfer (ET) procedures for sheep. However, there was concern that the E2-OT treatment may alter luteal function and that embryo quality would decrease as the superovulatory response to FSH increased. In Exp. 1, 32 ewes were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial array of treatments. On d 7, ewes received an i.v. injection of either 100 micrograms of E2 in 5 mL of 1:1 ethanol:saline or 5 mL of 1:1 ethanol:saline; 12 h later, ewes received i.v. injection of either 400 USP units of OT or saline. Jugular blood was collected on d 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18. Progesterone concentrations were unaffected by the treatments. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the dose of pFSH needed to induce approximately six corpora lutea (CL). Ten-day Norgestomet implants inserted between d 8-12 of the estrous cycle were used to synchronize estrus in Hampshire and Hampshire x Dorset ewes (n = 23). Ewes received a total of either 0, 18, 27, or 36 mg of pFSH, which was injected i.m. at -24, -12, 0, 12, 24, and 36 h relative to implant removal. The dose at each respective time was 19.4, 19.4, 16.7, 16.7, 13.9, and 13.9% of the total. Ewes received 400 IU of PMSG i.m. at -24 h. The CL were counted laparoscopically on d 6 (d 0 = estrus). Number of CL increased linearly (P &lt; .01) with dose of pFSH; there were 1.8, 3.6, 6.3, and 11.2 CL/ewe, respectively. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine the effect of the E2-OT treatment, mode of transfer or the interaction of E2-OT treatment x mode of transfer on embryo survival and development. Experiment 3 was conducted over two breeding seasons and across two trials. In the first trial ewes were assigned to one of three randomized treatments. Procedural limitations that were later overcome prevented a true 2 x 2 factorial design; therefore, transcervical transfer without hormonal treatment was excluded in the first trial. In the second trial, ewes were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial array of treatments. On d 6 of pregnancy, embryos rating a fair or better were transferred into recipients either transcervically or laparoscopically. Recipients were administered either an E2 (d 6) - OT (d 7) treatment or an ethanol:saline-saline treatment following the same protocol as in Exp. 1. Embryos were recovered on d 12 in Trial 1 and d 14 in Trial 2. Embryos were evaluated morphologically for development and ranked on a scale of one to four; one represented no development and four represented development to the morphological stages associated with the day of collection. The treatments did not affect the percentage of embryos recovered after transfer or the percentage of embryos that showed some developed. However, there was an effect of mode of transfer on mean rank of embryo development; embryos transferred laporscopically developed further than embryos transferred transcervically (P &lt; .01). This may have been an artifact of a technician effect between trials. There was an effect of E2-OT treatment on transcervical transfer (P &lt; .01), indicating that it may be detrimental to transfer embryos transcervically without dilating the cervix. In conclusion, the E2-OT treatment did not affect luteal function, and the E2-OT treatment can be used to dilate the cervix and enhance success of transcervical transfer of embryos. A 400 IU priming dose of PMSG and a total dose of 27 mg of pFSH can be used to induce the target number of six CL.
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Wallace, Logan D. "Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to embryo transfer recipients increased ovulation, progesterone, and transfer pregnancy rates." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4232.

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Books on the topic "Embryo transfer"

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Ryan, Percy. Embryo transfer manual. Bandon, Co. Cork: Premier Embryos (Irl.) Ltd., 1996.

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McCue, Patrick M. Equine embryo transfer. Jackson, Wyo: Teton NewMedia, 2015.

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Elsden, R. P. Manual for embryo transfer. Hastings, Neb: Society for Theriogenology, 1987.

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Seidel, George E. Embryo transfer in dairy cattle. Ft. Atkinson, Wisconsin: W.D. Hoard & Sons, 1989.

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Gerris, Jan, G. David Adamson, Petra De Sutter, and Catherine Racowsky, eds. Single Embryo Transfer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511545160.

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Allahbadia, Gautam N., and Claudio F. Chillik, eds. Human Embryo Transfer. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1115-0.

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Jan, Gerris, ed. Single embryo transfer. Cambridge: New York, 2009.

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Wu, Bin. Advances in embryo transfer. Rijeka: InTech, 2012.

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Veterinarians, Refresher Course for, ed. Embryo transfer & pregnancy diagnosis. Sydney South, NSW, Australia: Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 1992.

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Elsden, R. Peter. Manual for embryo transfer. Hastings, Nebraska: Society for Theriogenology, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Embryo transfer"

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Brauer, Anate Aelion, and Glenn Schattman. "Embryo Transfer." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 541–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0659-8_25.

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Burry, Kenneth A. "Embryo Transfer." In Assisted Fertilization and Nuclear Transfer in Mammals, 159–71. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-369-9_9.

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Mariani, Giulia, and José Bellver. "Embryo Transfer." In Handbook of In Vitro Fertilization, 331–42. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315157269-22.

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Li, Da, and Yingzhuo Gao. "Embryo Transfer." In Quality Management in the Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, 175–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6659-2_12.

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Gerrity, Marybeth, and John S. Rinehart. "Embryo Transfer." In In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 189–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1005-1_11.

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Russell, Richard Thomas, and Daphne Chong. "Embryo Transfer." In Textbook of Assisted Reproduction, 183–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_22.

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Jindal, Umesh N., Sanjeev Maheshwari, Manisha Jain, and Shefali Agnihotri. "Embryo Transfer." In Atlas of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, 61–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0020-6_5.

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Sueldo, Carlos E., Carolina Borghi, and Adan Nabel. "Trial Embryo Transfer (Mock Transfer)." In Human Embryo Transfer, 7–10. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1115-0_2.

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Glujovsky, Demian, and Claudio F. Chillik. "Evaluation of the Uterus Prior to Embryo Transfer." In Human Embryo Transfer, 1–6. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1115-0_1.

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Chawla, Monika, Jayaprakash Divakaran, Michael H. Fakih, and Amal Al-Shunnar. "Is There A Role for Tubal Transfers?" In Human Embryo Transfer, 79–86. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1115-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Embryo transfer"

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Shi, W. P., D. L. Ding, Jiachun Li, and Song Fu. "Biofluid Flow Simulations of Embryo Transfer." In RECENT PROGRESSES IN FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH: Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on Fluid Mechanics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3651955.

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PASSOS, Raiza Argon, Erica Cristina Rocha ROIER, Letícia Patrão de Macedo GOMES, Raquel Varella SERAPIÃO, and Gustavo Mendes GOMES. "EFFECTS OF UTERINE LAVAGE FRACTIONS ON EMBRYO RECOVERY RATE IN MANGALARGA MARCHADOR MARES." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.32_abstract_argon.pdf.

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Since 1986, the use of embryo transfer has gained prominence in the equine industry, allowing the increase in the number of descendants of genetically superior donors, competition mares, foals, and mares considered subfertile. The success of an embryo transfer program is directly related to the rate of embryonic recovery by mare, which is characterized by the percentage of embryos collected by uterine lavage. However, the recovery rate can be influenced by several factors, type of donor used, age, day of collection, and physical activity. Considering the advancement of biotechnology and the growing need for research in the area of equine embryo transfer, the present work aimed to study in Mangalarga marchador animals the effects of uterine lavage fractions on embryo recovery rates. The present study included 35 mares aged between 3 and 15 years, used as donors of clinically healthy embryos from an equestrian property in the southern region of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, 67 uterine washes were performed, where 67% of the embryos were recovered through different volumes of ringer's solution with sodium lactate. The embryo crops and transfers period was from September 2021 to January 2022. For statistical analysis of the data, the simple logistic regression test was used, where no significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the embryo indices recovered on total crops (67) regarding fractions (F) 1 (43.2%), (F) 2 (14.9%) and (F) 3 (5.97%). Thefore, it can be concluded that there was no significant difference between the lavage fractions, however, more studies are needed with a larger sample of uterine washing.
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Popelková, M. "EVALUATION OF HOLSTEIN COWS ORIGINATED FROM EMBRYO TRANSFER." In ANIMAL BREEDING 2022. Mendel University in Brno, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/978-80-7509-844-3-0006.

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Bai, Bofeng, and Sijie Li. "Vapor Embryo Nucleation in Near-Wall Region Under Pool Boiling Conditions." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22142.

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To construct a model of the microscopic near-wall region in a macroscopic pool boiling system, the present work introduced the effect of the solid wall at the bottom of the simulation system and the infinite liquid region outside it as extra potential. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that thermodynamics properties of near-wall region was influenced by the interaction strength and deviated from the bulk liquid region. Vapor embryo nucleated at a position several nanometers away from the solid surface. With the increase of Hamaker constant, the vapor embryo occurred at a position farther away from the solid wall.
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Lu, J. F., and X. F. Peng. "Microscopic Activation Phenomena in Heterogeneous Nucleation." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47469.

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The energy property in liquid near the wall was theoretically investigated to understand the effects of wall surface on inception process of nucleation or embryo bubble formation in boiling systems. Analyses indicate that the liquid near heating wall has higher pressure than in bulk region owing to existence of strong attractive forces, and this pressure could maintain a stable liquid microlayer and cause a steady energy peak near the wall. So a vapor embryo is likely to occur beyond the stable microlayer instead of exactly at the solid surface. The stable liquid layer may also be the inception structure of the ultrathin film before nucleation occurs. Fluctuations enhance the phenomenon of energy peak until the nucleation occurs, while energy peak promotes nucleation. Employing the concept of energy peak, the inception phenomena of the microlayer and the formation of embryo bubbles near solid surface were described.
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Koseki, Susumu, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Futoshi Inoue, Koji Ikuta, and Masashi Ikeuchi. "Magnetically Controlled Microrobot for Embryo Transfer in Assisted Reproductive Technology." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808545.

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Sela, L., D. Hladik, N. Rogenhofer, S. Mahner, C. J. Thaler, and V. von Schönfeldt. "Significantly higher pregnancy rate after transfer of EEVA (Early Embryo Viability Assessment) positive embryos in fresh IVF / ICSI-cycles." In Kongressabstracts zur Tagung 2020 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG). © 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717676.

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Gong, Yanli, and Margarita Anisimova. "EFFECTS OF EMBRYO TRANSFER ON BRAIN MORPHOLOGY AND METABOLITES IN ADULT CD-1 MICE." In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m999.sudak.ns2020-16/152-153.

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Zhong, XF, XM Jiang, P. Yin, H. Yan, BC Heng, WW Zhang, and GQ Tong. "15 Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) improves IVF outcome in patients receiving vitrified-warmed embryo-transfer." In 2018 International Conference on Medical Engineering and Bioinformatics. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2019-000994.15.

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Alkindy, Faisal Kevin, Umi Kalsom Yusof, and Murizah Mohd Zain. "An Automated Day 3 Embryo Grading Based On Morphological Characteristics Using CNN with Transfer Learning Techniques." In 2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsce58721.2023.10237135.

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Reports on the topic "Embryo transfer"

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Hansen, Peter J., and Amir Arav. Embryo transfer as a tool for improving fertility of heat-stressed dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587730.bard.

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The overall objective of the current proposal is to develop procedures to improve the pregnancy rate achieved following transfer of fresh or cryopreserved embryos produced in the laboratory into heat-stress recipients. The overall hypothesis is that pregnancy rate in heat-stressed lactating cows can be improved by use of embryo transfer and that additional gains in pregnancy rate can be achieved through development of procedures to cryopreserve embryos, select embryos most likely to establish and maintain pregnancy after transfer, and to enhance embryo competence for post-transfer survival through manipulation of culture conditions. The original specific objectives were to 1) optimize procedures for cryopreservation (Israel/US), 2) develop procedures for identifying embryos with the greatest potential for development and survival using the remote monitoring system called EmbryoGuard (Israel), 3) perform field trials to test the efficacy of cryopreservation and the EmbryoGuard selection system for improving pregnancy rates in heat-stressed, lactating cows (US/Israel), 4) test whether selection of fresh or frozen-thawed blastocysts based on measurement of group II caspase activity is an effective means of increasing survival after cryopreservation and post-transfer pregnancy rate (US), and 5) identify genes in blastocysts induced by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (US). In addition to these objectives, additional work was carried out to determine additional cellular determinants of embryonic resistance to heat shock. There were several major achievements. Results of one experiment indicated that survival of embryos to freezing could be improved by treating embryos with cytochalasin B to disrupt the cytoskeleton. An additional improvement in the efficacy of embryo transfer for achieving pregnancy in heat-stressed cows follows from the finding that IGF-1 can improve post-transfer survival of in vitro produced embryos in the summer but not winter. Expression of several genes in the blastocyst was regulated by IGF-1 including IGF binding protein-3, desmocollin II, Na/K ATPase, Bax, heat shock protein 70 and IGF-1 receptor. These genes are likely candidates 1) for developing assays for selection of embryos for transfer and 2) as marker genes for improving culture conditions for embryo production. The fact that IGF-1 improved survival of embryos in heat-stressed recipients only is consistent with the hypothesis that IGF-1 confers cellular thermotolerance to bovine embryos. Other experiments confirmed this action of IGF-1. One action of IGF-1, the ability to block heat-shock induced apoptosis, was shown to be mediated through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Other cellular determinants of resistance of embryos to elevated temperature were identified including redox status of the embryo and the ceramide signaling pathway. Developmental changes in embryonic apoptosis responses in response to heat shock were described and found to include alterations in the capacity of the embryo to undergo caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation as well as events downstream from caspase-3 activation. With the exception of IGF-1, other possible treatments to improve pregnancy rate to embryo transfer were not effective including selection of embryos for caspase activity, treatment of recipients with GnRH.and bilateral transfer of twin embryos. In conclusion, accomplishments achieved during the grant period have resulted in methods for improving post-transfer survival of in vitro produced embryos transferred into heat-stressed cows and have lead to additional avenues for research to increase embryo resistance to elevated temperature and improve survival to cryopreservation. In addition, embryo transfer of vitrified IVF embryos increased significantly the pregnancy rate in repeated breeder cows.
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Zhang, Jianeng, Chong Wang, Huanhuan Zhang, and Yan Zhou. Cleavage and blastocyst embryo sequential transfer and IVF outcome. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0019.

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Youngs, Curtis R. Development of a Course in Embryo Transfer and Related Technologies. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-661.

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Petitte, James, Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi, and Malka Ginsburg. The Study of Primordial Germ Cell Development as a Tool for Gene Transfer in Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7561071.bard.

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The ability to introduce novel genetic material into the genome of commercial poultry has been impeded by a lack of kowledge regarding the origin in the early embryo of the target cell of interest, namely, the germ cell. Hence, this project investigated the emergence of primordial germ cells (PGCs) during the early development of the avian embryo to aid in efforts to produce transgenic poultry on a routine basis. The strategy was to introduce foreign DNA into the area of the unincubated embryo that is destined to give rise to the germ line. The objectives of this project were: 1) to identify and localize a subpopulation of cells in the early embryo which will give rise to PGCs, 2) to determine the best location and stage of development to transfer donor cells for efficient germline chimerism, and 3) to transfect donor cells to produce transgenic/germline chimeric embryos. We show that by using the monoclonal antibody SSEA-1 and by various cell culture techniques that germ cells appear to segregate from the somatic lineages at St. X., a process that is gradual and continues through St. XIV. Using microsurgical transplantation between quail and chick embryos, we demonstrated that the inner 1/3 of the area pellucida between states X-XII gives rise to about 2/3 of the germ cell population at the time of their residence in the germinal crescent. Because of the non-localized emergence of PGCs, attempts to introduce foreign DNA into clonal precursors of germ cells through liposome-mediated transfection yielded unacceptable levels of efficiency. However, through our investigation of germ cell origins, an in vitro model of germ cell differentiation was developed that could offer a means of determining the factors required for the long term culture of avian PGCs thereby providing a convenient means of manipulating the avian genome.
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Bulletti, Francesco Maria, Romualdo Sciorio, Alessando Conforti, Roberto DeLuca, Carlo Bulletti, Antonio Palagiano, Marco Berrettini, Giulia Scaravelli, and Roger Pierson. Embryonic Causes of Implantation Failure: A Systematic Review and Procedures To Optimize Successful Embryo Transfer. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.1.0008.

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Luo, Rong, Jiahui Wang, Tao Shen, Xia Zhao, Jinchun Lu, and Yuanjiao Liang. Application of endometrial receptivity array (ERA) in embryo transfer cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0013.

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Sommer, Morgan M., and Curtis R. Youngs. Impact of Embryo Transfer Technology on the Production of Artificial Insemination Sires for the U.S. Dairy Cattle Industry. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-202.

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Zhu, Can, Wanting Xia, Jinzhu Huang, Xuan Zhang, Fangyuan Li, Jiamin Ma, Xiaorun Yu, and Qian Zeng. Effects of acupuncture on pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0077.

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Kong, Xinliang, Yanfeng Liu, Guodong Tang, Zhibo Zheng, Ying Li, and Fei Yan. Efficacy of intrauterine infusion therapy before embryo transfer in recurrent implantation failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0091.

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Hansen, Peter J., and Zvi Roth. Use of Oocyte and Embryo Survival Factors to Enhance Fertility of Heat-stressed Dairy Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697105.bard.

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Abstract:
The overall goal was to identify survival factors that can improve pregnancy success following insemination or embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress. First, we demonstrated that oocytes are actually damaged by elevated temperature in the summer. Then we tested two thermoprotective molecules for their effect on oocyte damage caused by heat shock. One molecule, ceramide was not thermoprptective. Another, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF) reduced the effects of heat shock on oocyte apoptosis and oocyte cleavage when added during maturation. We also used lactating cows exposed to heat stress to determine whether bovine somatotropin (bST), which increases IGF1 levels in vivo, would improve fertility in summer. Cows treated with bST received a single injection at 3 days before insemination. Controls received no additional treatment. Treatment with bST did not significantly increase the proportion of inseminated cows diagnosed pregnant although it was numerically greater for the bST group (24.2% vs 17.8%, 124–132 cows per group). There was a tendency (p =0.10) for a smaller percent of control cows to have high plasma progesterone concentrations (≥ 1 ng/ml) at Day 7 after insemination than for bST-treated cows (72.6 vs 81.1%). When only cows that were successfully synchronized were considered, the magnitude of the absolute difference in the percentage of inseminated cows that were diagnosed pregnant between bST and control cows was reduced (24.8 vs 22.4% pregnant for bST and control). Results failed to indicate a beneficial effect of bST treatment on fertility of lactating dairy cows. In another experiment, we found a tendency for addition of IGF1 to embryo culture medium to improve embryonic survival after embryo transfer when the experiment was done during heat stress but not when the experiment was done in the absence of heat stress. Another molecule tested, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; also called colony-stimulating factor-2), improved embryonic survival in the absence of heat stress. We also examined whether heat shock affects the sperm cell. There was no effect of heat shock on sperm apoptosis (programmed cell death) or on sperm fertilizing ability. Therefore, effects of heat shock on sperm function after ejaculation if minimal. However, there were seasonal changes in sperm characteristics that indicates that some of the decrease in dairy cow fertility during the summer in Israel is due to using semen of inferior quality. Semen was collected from five representative bulls throughout the summer (August and September) and winter (December and January). There were seasonal differences in ion concentration in seminal plasma and in the mRNA for various ion channels known to be involved in acrosome reactions. Furthermore, the proportion of sperm cells with damaged acrosomes was higher in post-thaw semen collected in the summer than in its counterpart collected in winter (54.2 ± 3.5% vs. 51.4 ± 1.9%, respectively; P < 0.08Further examination is required to determine whether such alterations are involved in the low summer fertility of dairy cows.
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