Journal articles on the topic 'Emblems, National – Haiti – History'
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Martynenko, Ekaterina A. "Emblems of Scotland in Alasdair Gray’s Fiction." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-3-102-113.
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Alasdair Gray is one of the most influential post-war Scottish writer along with Muriel Spark, Robin Jenkins, and James Kelman. He is wellknown not only as a contemporary novelist, intellectual, and esthete but also as a political activist and a Scottish independence supporter. Although his novels are written exclusively in English, they are characterized with a strong national flavor and are inspired by the ideas of the eminent Scottish scientists, philosophers, and community leaders. The article dwells on the analysis of Scottish national emblem in Alasdair Gray’s fiction. This emblem manifests itself through female nation figures, which were first used in Scottish nationalist discourse by Hugh MacDiarmid and Lewis Grassic Gibbon during the period of Scottish Literary Renaissance. One of the most recurrent themes in Alasdair Gray’s fiction are female suffering and entrapment, which serve as political allegories of the national inferiority complex («Scottish cringe») and subordinate position within the United Kingdom. Thus, the writer strives to include Scotland into the post-colonial framework. In order to re-imagine Scottish nation figure Alasdair Gray addresses both the literary tradition and the latest feminist ideas of his time. Unlike other contemporary Scottish writers who tend to present this figure as a passive victim of political injustice, Alasdair Gray intentionally makes her initiative and active non-victim. She is also constructed as a female monster, which alludes to discrepancy between country’s rich history and its «young» parliament.
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Hamal, Koshal. "Logos of South Asian Countries: A Visual Aesthetic and Symbolic Significance." Journal of Fine Arts Campus 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfac.v5i1.60293.
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A national logo is a visual representation of a country, and it signifies the most powerful visual language of any country in the world. All the countries have their own logo to represent their country in visual form. In the context of each country in South Asia, a national logo is categorized as a national emblem. The national emblems of South Asian countries have different and unique meanings and are made with different cultural, religious, natural, and historical motifs and shapes. The main objective of this paper is to identify the visual aesthetic and symbolic significance of the national emblems of each South Asian country. The visual aesthetic contains elements of composition, color, shapes, and the essential rules of a logo, while the symbolic significance contains the symbolic meaning of each motif used for the entire logo of a South Asian country. This study finds that a country's culture, religion, and history should not be disconnected from the national emblem because the national emblem creates unique values for a country. A national emblem is like a mirror of a country, which represents the appropriate visual symbol of a country. This study is an analytical study based on qualitative method.
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Hoffmann, Léon–François. "Creolization in Haiti and National Identity." Matatu 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2003): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000441.
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Knoll, Joachim H. ""Heil Dir im Siegerkranz". Nationale Feier- und Gedenktage als Formen kollektiver Identifikation." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 57, no. 2 (2005): 150–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570073053978924.
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AbstractStarting from a political controversy and a wide-ranging media-discussion, the article examines the evolution of German national holidays from the "Kaiserreich" to the reunited Federal Republic (1871-2005). The author lists the dates and attributes of the national festivities (national emblems, national colors, national anthem) and asks to what extent national days can contribute to a collective identification with the given state and its political system. In the process of change one identifies a long run from emotional festivity towards a rather rational attitude in celebrating the National Day. The future of the current German national holiday (October 3) in the frame of a 'democratic culture' is far away from being settled.
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Davis, Christopher. "History as an Enemy and an Instructor: Lessons Learned from Haiti, 1915-34." Journal of Advanced Military Studies 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.2020110101.
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As Haiti and other nations in the Caribbean and Latin America experience increasing instability, and the United States increases its naval presence in the region, history offers important lessons for future U.S. involvement. An exploration of the tactical innovations of the Marine Corps and of the influence of national history on the Haitian insurgencies during the U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915–34) reveals the significance of history in either achieving or curtailing military goals.
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Ylönen, Aleksi. "Building the nation in Southern Sudan: state emblems, symbols and national identity." Africa Review 12, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1755095.
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Pestel, Friedemann. "The Impossible Ancien Régime colonial: Postcolonial Haiti and the Perils of the French Restoration." Journal of Modern European History 15, no. 2 (May 2017): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2017-2-261.
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The Impossible Ancien Régime colonial: Postcolonial Haiti and the Perils of the French Restoration This article discusses the consequences of Napoleon's downfall for the world's first modern post-slavery state, Haiti. It focuses on the interplay between the French colonial office's diplomatic missions that were lobbied by dispossessed planters to recover the lost colony and the Haitian propaganda to guarantee national independence. These relations ultimately contributed to a shift in French colonial politics towards Haiti, from military conquest and re-enslavement to financial indemnification. Taking the rhetoric of pacification beyond Europe, French diplomacy presented racial hierarchies as an extension of the 1814 compromise between old and new elites in metropolitan France. The Haitian side, however, insisted on the sharp contradiction between the supposed reconciliation in France and a quasi-restoration of the Ancien Régime colonial. Drawing on Haitian, French and British source material, this article analyses how Haitian propaganda attacked the precarious political legitimacy of Restoration France from an extra-European viewpoint to exert pressure on European colonial politics. Relying on Haiti as a model for slave emancipation, British abolitionists significantly contributed to excluding the option of the Ancien Régime colonial. The debate on Haiti's future forced Louis XVIII's government to ponder the political risks of colonial restoration. In the outcome, financial indemnification became France's primary condition for recognising Haitian independence in 1825.
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Gaffield, J. "Complexities of Imagining Haiti: A Study of National Constitutions, 1801-1807." Journal of Social History 41, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2007.0132.
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Wade, Peter. "Music, blackness and national identity: three moments in Colombian history." Popular Music 17, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000000465.
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The study of music and national identity has been limited, in my view, by some underlying assumptions. The first is connected to some influential ideas on nationalism, while the second has to do with long-standing ideas about the relation between music and identity. On nationalism, many approaches place too much emphasis on the homogenising tendencies of nationalist discourse, whereas, in my view, homogenisation exists in a complex and ambivalent relationship with the construction of difference by the same nationalist forces that create homogeneity. In a related fashion, with respect to music and identity, several studies of Latin American musical styles and their socio-political context – for example, ones focusing on the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Brazil – display a tendency to set up a model of homogenising elites versus diversifying and resistant minorities.
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Mieliekiestsev, Kyrylo. "Emblems of the Post-Soviet Donetsk Region: Official Ones «From the Bossmen», Upgrades «From the People», Alternatives From the «Russian World» Supporters." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 36 (June 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2021-36-58-66.
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The purpose of the article is the analysis of the development of Donetsk region emblems (official heraldry and vexillology of Donetsk Oblast, reflection of historical themes in commercial nomenclature, reinterpretations of official symbols by individuals) in 1991–2015, identifying the main trends in the development of emblems, their connections with the views of customers and authors on history and politics, transformations of symbolics. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematics. General scientific and special-historical methods were used, such as content analysis, generalization, chronological, retrospective methods. The scientific novelty is based on it being the first attempt to generalize various elements of emblem studies of the Donetsk region, for the first time going beyond the official heraldry and vexillology of the Oblast, while considering their transformation in the hands of non-state actors. Conclusions. The post-Soviet era emblems of Donetsk and the Donetsk Oblast were developed in a unique situation: on the one hand local elites wanted to move away from Soviet symbols and modernize Donetsk as a “brand”, and on the other hand, due to the peculiarities of these elites’ education, origins and political preferences, did not perceive the region’s history. outside of the Soviet stereotypes about “Donbas as the economic center.” As a result, local elites ignored Cossack history of the Donetsk region in contrast to the perpetuation of industrial achievements of the Russian Empire (such as the Oblast’s coat of arms motto with a quote from Dmitri Mendeleev, “The Mertsalov Palm Tree”, as well as various “John Hughes/Yuz” nomenclature). Over the decades, there has been a divergence of traditions of Donetsk emblem use: official, business, and national-patriotic. At the same time, pro-Moscow organizations have been developing and imposing a separate emblem tradition since 1991, based on historical myths around the Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic, but detached from both the old Soviet symbols and the new official Donetsk emblems. The latter were developed to symbolize the “uniqueness” of eastern Ukraine, the “separateness” of Donetsk region, but did not actually intersperse with Russian symbols (with the exception of the Russian-language motto). In this form, it did not meet the goals of Moscow’s agents of influence, but was accepted and reworked by pro-Ukrainian patriotic forces. Thus, the use of one or the other version of Donetsk region symbols indicates a person’s political beliefs, their understanding of regional history and “memory politics” around it.
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Louissaint, Guilberly. "The Ceremonial Bath, a Surrender to the Spirits." Journal of Haitian Studies 29, no. 1 (March 2023): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2023.a922858.
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Abstract: In a time of ecological devastation, Haiti must once again turn to its sacred ecologies. Vodou is the lifeline of Haitian national identity, serving multiple social functions, “healing” among them. This piece argues that Haitian Vodou is a model of ecological healing that runs counter to Western medicine, a biologically reductionist system grounded in the ecological, racialized scientific research-based exploitation of the island and its inhabitants. Focusing on the history of ritual bathing through the rise of balneological science in Saint-Domingue, I argue that the question of health in Haiti encompasses a larger colonial relationship with empire-making that is tied to the subjugation of sacred epistemologies and their ecologies––a history that tethers humanity to the Earth and the spirits.
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Stanikzai, Amin, Fateh Gul Shinwari, and Toryalai Hemat. "Introduction to Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s Administrative and Economic Reforms." American Journal of Social Development and Entrepreneurship 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajsde.v1i1.999.
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Shah Ghazi Amanullah Khan is the founder of a new and modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, significant changes and innovations have taken place in Afghanistan’s economic, legal, and social aspects. The purpose of the research study is to deeply analyze the administrative and economic structure of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s government. Besides, to identify those factors which positively affect the economic and administrative structure of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s government. As well as, to explain the overall leadership in the era of Ghazi Amanullah Khan. The doctrinal research methodology and a descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches are used in this work. According to well-known historians and the study of history in terms of administrative and economic structure and achievements the government of Ghazi Amanullah Khan was considered one of the advanced governments of the era. Moreover, one of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s reforms was that he created national symbols such as state emblems, national days, national anthem, national flag, medals, and national currency. All of these were part of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s reforms. The researcher suggests and recommend to the central and local government to implement them in their central and local institutions.
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Torres Zayas, Ramón. "Afrocubanismo: algo más que una opción." Comparative Cultural Studies - European and Latin American Perspectives 7, no. 14 (March 15, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ccselap-13464.
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Cuba began XX century with a new decolonial discourse with a representative president, constitution and flag. However sociallly, economically, and politically, the greater Anitlles became one more appendage of Unietd Steates. It is not by chance, then, that renewed interpretations of national expresions germinated, which forms that could be erected the most as emblems of cubaness. Were those standede between what came from Europe and black continent. This is influenced by the presisten culture of resistance and the essence of popular religiosity, whose strategies made it posible to preserve the tradition, even without legalized institution, theorical bodies or established official discourses to simúlate its positioning Afro-Cubanism is here to history and it redefines what decolonial expresión in a renewed dimensión like art or combat discourse.
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Urban, Michael. "The Politics of Identity in Russia's Postcommunist Transition: The Nation against Itself." Slavic Review 53, no. 3 (1994): 733–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501518.
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Politics in postcommunist societies is in large measure a politics of identity. Central to it seem to be two mutually reinforcing moments through which national communities recreate themselves. One involves the "positive" expression of nation and concerns the recovery of those identity markers—symbols, rituals, anthems, history, literature and so forth—that had been suspended and suppressed during the communist epoch. The other moment is "negative." It appears in the act of purging the nation of like markers associated with the period of communist rule that are now openly regarded as alien. The multitude of images projected from the countries of east Europe and the former USSR at the moment of communism's collapse capture these two moments in concentrated fashion. In the crowds chanting national slogans and waving the national flag, while chiseling communist emblems from the facades of public buildings and toppling statues erected to some member of the communist pantheon, we observe a distilled version of this duplex signification: "We are not communist/communism is not us."
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Rivera, Eleanor L. "A New Generation of Iconoclasts." French Historical Studies 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 571–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8552461.
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Abstract In the fall of 1906 crucifixes in primary school classrooms emerged as a point of conflict between national and local authorities. Arguments over these crucifixes demonstrate the narrowing interpretations of laïcité in primary education between the 1880s and 1906. Using the Norman department of Seine-Inférieure as a case study, this article analyzes the place of religious emblems in the classroom, the role of local preferences in primary education, and evolving notions of religious neutrality. Classroom crucifixes offer a new lens to examine the relationship between Catholics and Republicans in the period of educational secularization and highlight the movement from compromise to conflict in educational practice during the early Third Republic. A la rentrée de 1906, le crucifix dans les salles de classe de l'enseignement primaire provoque un conflit entre les pouvoirs municipaux et le gouvernement national. Les débats sur le crucifix démontrent une interprétation de plus en plus rigide de la laïcité qui apparaît entre 1880 et 1906. Cet article analyse le cas du département de la Seine-Inférieure, aujourd'hui la Seine-Maritime, pour comprendre la place des emblèmes religieux dans la classe, le rôle de la préférence locale dans l'enseignement primaire, et les différents principes de neutralité religieuse. Les emblèmes religieux offrent une nouvelle perspective sur les relations entre catholiques et républicains au moment de la sécularisation de l'enseignement. Ils mettent ainsi en relief l'évolution du compromis au conflit qui a caractérisé l'éducation primaire au début de la Troisième République.
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Bontrager, Shannon. "Reilly, Disaster And Human History." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 35, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.35.1.46-47.
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The breakdown of the global economic system in the first decade of the twentyfirst century has shed further light on the incapacity of national governments to plan effectively for and deal with natural disasters. This is perhaps most evident with the Asian Tsunami of 2004, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and more recently the devastating earthquakes and aftershocks near Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where hundreds of thousands of casualties occurred. But these are only the most recent catastrophes that mankind has dealt with poorly. Reilly's intention with his world history textbook on human interaction with natural catastrophe is "to give readers the necessary historical and scientific knowledge they need to make informed decisions about how to address global warming and other problems raised by mankind's often disastrous interaction with the natural environment." With this goal in mind, the author produces a primer that examines volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, environmental changes, tropical cyclones, floods, tsunamis, famines, and disease and how humans have interacted with environmental tragedy.
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Phillips, Lisa A. W. "Mickey Goes to Haiti and Leaves: Disney's Transnational Quest for Cheap Labor in the post-Cold War Era." International Labor and Working-Class History 101 (2022): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547922000072.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Disney and other United States-based companies found themselves in the position to create a “new world order.” The National Labor Committee (NLC), Haitian grassroots labor organizers, a multimillion member international labor community, concerned shareholders, members of the U.S. Congress, and activists around the world pressured Disney to lead the way to a new global standard by paying a living wage and investing in local infrastructure wherever it did business. Whatever standards Disney enacted, they argued, the rest would follow. Rather than assume the “corporate mantle of responsibility,” Disney ran from the United States to Haiti, then to China, in search of cheap labor, a bigger profit margin, and the ability to do business without scrutiny. Seeing itself as just one entity in a global garment supply chain, Disney claimed responsibility only for licensing its brand to the contractors (U.S.-based) and subcontractors (in Haiti and later China) who handled the actual production of Disney merchandise.
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Geller, Pamela L., and Louis Herns Marcelin. "In the shadow of the Citadel: Haitian national patrimony and vernacular concerns." Journal of Social Archaeology 20, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605319883483.
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A growing number of heritage studies scholars critique top-down approaches to cultural sites of global significance. International and state organizations, they explain, eschew locals’ concerns. We consider the Parc National Historique, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Haiti, Milot. Writers have produced a history that is hierarchical and nationalistic in ideological tone, which policy makers circulate when promoting the Parc. In so doing, they elide the past roles and present-day concerns of Milot’s residents, who have lived in these structures’ shadows for generations. To access them, our ethnographic work documents a vernacular culture-history, which shares common ground with official interests and departs in important ways. Incongruities in practice and discourse stem from locals’ understanding of heritage ( eritaj) and experiences of instability ( enstabilite). The validation of vernacular concerns makes for a comprehensive understanding of the past. It may also create collaborative opportunities between the community and national (or international) organizations, which can safeguard Haitian patrimony and alleviate socio-economic instabilities.
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Perrino, Sabina. "Intimate identities and language revitalization in Veneto, Northern Italy." Multilingua 38, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0128.
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Abstract In this article, I explore how language revitalization initiatives are rescaled as part of a local, historical and sociocultural revitalization project in which ethnonationalist aspirations emerge in Northeastern Italy’s Veneto region. Through an analysis of political emblems, textual artifacts, and speech participants’ stories, I examine how the promotion of the local language is related to a developing sense of collective and intimate identity, especially vis-à-vis the many migrants and refugees that have landed in Italy, and Europe, in recent years. In the last decade, these new flows of migrants have triggered strong reactions by Italians, such as recent discourses about national identity and the aggressive anti-immigration politics promoted by the Lega Nord (‘Northern League’). I show how politics, history, and language become part of a complex spatiotemporal configuration in which chronotopic stances and intimate identities are enacted in speech participants’ everyday lives.
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Pavlyk, Vladyslav. "FOOTBALL IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD: ON THE QUESTION OF FOOTBALL HERALDICS." Paper of Faculty of History, no. 32 (December 29, 2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2312-6825.2021.32.250086.
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This article deals with the emergence and formation of football heraldry as one of the main elements of modern football. Examples of football emblems of clubs and national teams are given. This article gives you the opportunity to see that modern football has long ceased to be just a game, and has become a global phenomenon. Football is inextricably linked to many historical, ethnological, and sociocultural aspects. An attempt is made to analyze the common and distinctive features of the coats of arms of football clubs of different countries. Modern football is an ethnocultural phenomenon. Attributes and symbols become an element of globalization and identification. Undoubtedly, the main element of football symbols is the emblem or emblem of the club. Football in the modern world forms a separate culture that needs to be studied and researched. The purpose of this article is to trace and analyze the transformation of football heraldry and ethno-cultural features of football emblems. The historiography of the study of football and football paraphernalia in particular is quite specific and diverse. The works of researchers of football culture and the attributive-symbolic component of the game of football are important. So the conclusion can say thatemblem is the most important of the club's football attributes. He has accompanied the team since its inception, is a source of pride for fans and players and can tell a lot about the history of the club and the city he represents, contains information about the traditions and cultural features of his native region. Therefore, it is a valuable and integral component of football teams and a very interesting object of study.
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Ferreira, Luciane Augusto de Azevedo. "NEW RECORDS FOR PORCELLANID CRABS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: ANOMURA: PORCELLANIDAE) IN THE WEST INDIAN ISLANDS, WITH DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS AND ECOLOGICAL NOTES." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 52, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v52i1.33960.
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New records and extensions of the distribution range of seven species of porcellanid crabs, representing four genera, are reported in the West Indian Islands: Megalobrachium mortenseni, M. poeyi, M. roseum, Pachycheles ackleianus, P. riisei, Petrolisthes rosariensis and Porcellana sayana. The analyzed species are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, and the American Museum of Natural History. It is provided new records from Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Vincent and The Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago. Diagnostic characters and ecological notes are given for each species.Keywords: Biodiversity, Caribbean islands, range extension, porcelain crabs, west Indies.
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Perišić, Jovana. "Rematch between Robert Fischer and Boris Spassky in 1992 as an Attempt to Break through the Sports Sanctions in Yugoslavia." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 16, no. 1-2 (2021): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2021.16.1-2.09.
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The article examines the attempt of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to organise a breakthrough of the sports sanctions imposed on the country on 30 May, 1992. As a result of these sanctions, the country’s athletes were forced to participate in sports competitions without national emblems and flags. The next step was to be a complete ban on the participation of Yugoslav sport organisations in international competitions. In order to break through the international information blockade, the leadership of the FR of Yugoslavia tried to organise a commercial match between Robert Fischer and Boris Spassky, two veteran chess players, who played in the 1972 “Match of the Century.” The conference was organised by Jezdimir Vasiljević, a businessman who combined the cigarette and oil trade with the banking business. The results of this costly adventure were dubious. With the complete domination of huge international media corporations, positive results were almost impossible. However, the episode itself remains a bright page not only in the gloomy history of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, but also in the history of chess.
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Shultz, James M., Louis Herns Marcelin, Sharon B. Madanes, Zelde Espinel, and Yuval Neria. "The “Trauma Signature:” Understanding the Psychological Consequences of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, no. 5 (October 2011): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11006716.
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AbstractThe 2010 Haiti earthquake was one of the most catastrophic episodes in history, leaving 5% of the nation’s population killed or injured, and 19% internally displaced. The distinctive combination of earthquake hazards and vulnerabilities, extreme loss of life, and paralyzing damage to infrastructure, predicts population-wide psychological distress, debilitating psychopathology, and pervasive traumatic grief. However, mental health was not referenced in the national recovery plan. The limited MHPSS services provided in the first eight months generally lacked coordination and empirical basis.There is a need to customize and coordinate disaster mental health assessments, interventions, and prevention efforts around the novel stressors and consequences of each traumatic event. An analysis of the key features of the 2010 Haiti earthquake was conducted, defining its “Trauma Signature” based on a synthesis of early disaster situation reports to identify the unique assortment of risk factors for post-disaster mental health consequences. This assessment suggests that multiple psychological risk factors were prominent features of the earthquake in Haiti. For rapid-onset disasters, Trauma Signature (TSIG) analysis can be performed during the post-impact/pre-deployment phase to target the MHPSS response in a manner that is evidence-based and tailored to the event-specific exposures and experiences of disaster survivors. Formalization of tools to perform TSIG analysis is needed to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of these assessments and to extend this approach to human-generated disasters and humanitarian crises.
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Yim, Eugene S., Robert D. Macy, and Gregory Ciottone. "Medical and Psychosocial Needs of Olympic and Pan American Athletes after the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti: An Opportunity to Promote Resilience Through Sports Medicine and Public Diplomacy." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 2 (April 2014): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000302.
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AbstractIntroductionOn January 12, 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake devastated Haiti. Data regarding the prevalence of medical and psychosocial needs after the earthquake is scarce, complicating informed targeting of aid. The effects of the earthquake on athletes, as they differ from the general population, are especially unclear. The Center for Disaster Resilience (Boston, Massachusetts USA) and the Disaster Medicine Section at Harvard Medical School (Boston, Massachusetts USA) have partnered with Child in Hand to care for athletes training for the Pan American and Olympic games in Haiti, as well as for children from the general population. This report presents preliminary epidemiologic data illustrating the burden of medical and psychosocial needs of Haitian athletes and the general population after the earthquake of 2010.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional, comparative study conducted a year after the earthquake. The study group comprised 104 athletes, aged 12-18 years, enrolled from the National Sports Center in Haiti. The control group (N = 104) from the general population was age- and gender-matched from orphanages and schools in and around Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Medical teams assessed illness based on history and physicals. Psychosocial teams utilized the Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS). Two-proportion z tests and two-sample t tests were used to compare the proportions of medical illnesses, mean CPDS scores, and proportion of CPDS scores indicating treatment.ResultsThe most prevalent medical condition in athletes was musculoskeletal pain, which was more common than in controls (49% versus 2.9%). All other medical conditions were more common in the controls than athletes: abdominal pain (28.8% versus 4.8%); headache (22.1% versus 5.8%); fever (15.4% versus 1%); and malnutrition (18.3% versus 1.9%). In contrast, there was no significant difference in mean psychosocial scores and the proportion of scores indicating treatment between athletes and controls.ConclusionElite athletes in Haiti have a low prevalence of most medical conditions after the disaster, suggesting that they may be protected from risk factors affecting the general population. However, athletes have a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal ailments and were not protected from psychosocial distress. This presents an opportunity for sports medicine physicians and mental health providers to engage in efforts to rebuild Haiti on an individual level by providing targeted care to athletes, and on a larger scale, by supporting international sports competition, which enhances human capital and facilitates public diplomacy.YimES, MacyRD, CiottoneG. Medical and psychosocial needs of Olympic and Pan American athletes after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: an opportunity to promote resilience through sports medicine and public diplomacy. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-5.
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Lamour, Sabine. "Between Intersectionality and Coloniality: Rereading the Figure of the Poto-Mitan Woman in Haiti." Women, Gender, and Families of Color 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23260947.9.2.02.
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Abstract This text mobilizes the theoretical frameworks of intersectionality and coloniality to analyze the figure of the Haitian poto-mitan woman—she who acts as a “central pillar”—a figure that was constructed during the history of colonialism. Colonial and postslavery relations initiated a process of coformation and coproduction and determined power relations that still traverse Haiti. They connect individual, national, and global dynamics that intertwine, frequently characterizing the poto-mitan women's workforce as deviant. This article historicizes the poto-mitan woman and unveils how common conceptualizations appropriate the body and time of women assigned the duties of support and protection.
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Handerson Joseph. "The haitian migratory system in the guianas: beyond borders." Diálogos 24, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): 198–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v24i2.54154.
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The Guianas are an important migratory field in the Caribbean migratory system, whereby goods, objects, currencies, and populations circulate for different reasons: geographical, cultural proximity, climatic, geopolitical and socioeconomic factors. From the 1960s and 1970s, Haitian migration increased in the Guianas. Five decades later, after the January 2010 earthquake, the migratory spaces were intensified in the region, Brazil became part of them as a country of residence and transit to reach French Guiana and Suriname. In 2013, the routes were altered. Some migrants started to use the Republic of Guyana to enter Brazil through the border with Roraima, in the Amazon, or to cross the border towards Suriname and French Guiana. This article is divided into two levels. First, it describes the way in which migrants' practices and trajectories intersect national borders in the Guianas. Then, it analyzes the migratory system, documents and papers, and the problems that the different Haitian migratory generations raise in space and time. The ethnographic research is based on the Triple Border Brazil, Colombia and Peru, but also in Suriname, French Guiana and Haiti.
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Scarpaci, Joseph L., Eloise Coupey, and Sara Desvernine Reed. "Artists as cultural icons: the icon myth transfer effect as a heuristic for cultural branding." Journal of Product & Brand Management 27, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-02-2017-1416.
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Purpose Communicating the national values of artists and the role of product benefits as symbols of national values, infuse iconic national brands. This paper aims to validate a conceptual framework that offers empirical insights for cultural identity that drives brand management. Design/methodology/approach Case studies and cross-cultural focus group research establish the present study’s conceptual framework for cultural branding. Findings Brand awareness of a perfume named after a Cuban dancer and a spirit named for a Chilean poet, reflect authentic emblems of national identity. Informants’ behavior confirms the study’s model of icon myth transfer effect as a heuristic for cultural branding with clear, detailed and unprompted references to the myths and brands behind these heroines. Research limitations/implications The study’s ethnography shows how artists reflect myth and folklore in iconic brands. Future research should assess whether the icon myth transfer effect as a heuristic for cultural branding occurs with cultural icons beyond the arts and transcends national boundaries. Practical implications The study challenges conventional branding, where the brand is the myth, and the myth reflects the myth market. The authors show how the myth connects to a national identity yet exists independently of the brand. The branding strategy ties the brand to the existing myth, an alternative route for cultural branding mediated by the icon myth transfer effect. Social implications These two Latin American brands provide a much-needed connection among the branding literatures and images surrounding gender and nationalism in lesser-known markets. Originality/value Most research explores iconic myths, brands and folklore in one country. This study extends cultural branding through social history and by testing a conceptual model that establishes how myths embody nation-specific values. Iconic myths are a heuristic for understanding and describing brands, revealing an unexamined path for cultural branding.
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Toryalai, Hemat, and Stanikzai Amin. "Analysis of Administrative Structures and Economic Programs of the Ahmad Shahi’s Era." American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation 1, no. 5 (October 22, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i5.662.
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Shah Ghazi Amanullah Khan is the founder of a new and modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, significant changes and innovations have taken place in Afghanistan’s economic, legal, and social aspects. One of his most precious and valuable achievements was taking freedom from the British Occupation. In all his political meetings, trips, and gatherings, Ghazi Amanullah Khan discussed civil and political freedom with a resolute intention and high morale in this regard. The purpose of study is to deeply analyze the administrative and economic structure of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s government; to identify those factors which positively affect the economic and administrative structure; to explain the overall leadership. The descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches are used in this work. It is worth mentioning that this research study is entirely based on library sources. Most of the sources are reputable and trustworthy textbooks, published journal articles, law reports, and websites. According to well-known historians and the study of history in terms of administrative and economic structure and achievements that one of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s reforms was that he created national symbols such as state emblems, national days, national anthem, national flag, medals, and national currency. All of these were part of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s reforms. The researcher suggests and recommend to the central government and to the local governments of Afghanistan as well as to the regional governments that to deeply study the administrative and economic structure, achievements, and reforms of the Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s era and try to implement them in their central and local institutions. Furthermore, the researcher has a suggestion to work on the military, political, and social structure of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s government in order to squinch the academic thirst of the researchers and academia.
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Derby, Lauren. "Haitians, Magic, and Money: Raza and Society in the Haitian-Dominican Borderlands, 1900 to 1937." Comparative Studies in Society and History 36, no. 3 (July 1994): 488–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500019216.
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Sitting on the banks of the shallow riverine waters separating the northern border towns of Dajabón of the Dominican Republic and Ouanaminthe of Haiti, one can see children wade, market women wash, and people pass from one nation to another. They are apparently impervious to the official meaning of this river as a national boundary that rigidly separates these two contiguous Caribbean island nations. Just as the water flows, so do people, goods, and merchandise between the two countries, even as the Dominican border guards stationed on a small mound above the river watch. The ironies of history lie here, as well as the poetics of its remembrance. This river is called El Masacre, a name which recalls the 1937 Haitian massacre, when the water is said to have run scarlet red from the blood of thousands of Haitians killed by machetes there by soldiers under the direction of the Dominican dictator, Rafael M. Trujillo (1930–61).
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Downer, Natali. "Haiti’s new Dictatorship: The Coup, the Earthquake and the UN Occupation." UnderCurrents: Journal of Critical Environmental Studies 18 (April 27, 2014): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2292-4736/38549.
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Haiti’s new Dictatorship: The Coup, the Earthquake and the UN Occupation.By JUSTIN PODUR. Pluto Press, 2012. $29.95Reviewed by Natali DownerThe controversial book Haiti’s new Dictatorship: The Coup, the Earthquake and the UN Occupation is a significant contribution to current discussions around globalisation, political economy, development, post-colonialism, and human rights. Podur’s work provides welcome insight and a critical perspective on the struggle for sovereignty in modern day Haiti. The author takes the reader through Haiti’s political history, beginning with the slave revolution of 1804, which established Haiti as the world’s first independent black Republic. The historical account grounds the reader in Haiti’s reality—the ongoing battle for economic and political sovereignty within its borders. Since its independence, Podur argues, the successful slave revolt in Haiti has been an ontological challenge to those who would seek to impose colonialism; it is the challenge they posed in 1804 and today.Podur sections the book into historical eras, including the Duvalier dictatorship followed by Haiti’s popular movement and Jean-Bertrand Aristide, which act as signposts for his study. In Podur’s analysis of the second and pivotal coup against Aristide in 2004, he argues that the new dictatorship was imposed and solidified under the control of the U.S., Canada, France and later, the United Nations. Specifically, under the guise of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine (the new iteration of the “White Man’s Burden”,) western countries employed the old colonial pretext in order to “overthrow Haiti’s elected government and replace it with an internationally constructed dictatorship.” Drawing on Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s concept of dictatorship, as the use of violence and centralization of power, Podur adds “impunity” to the description as it characterizes how violations by the regime and its supporters go unpunished. Podur categorises the new international variety of dictatorship as a “laboratory experiment in a new kind of imperialism.”Podur discusses the contradictory role of the domestic and international media as contributing to the success of the coup. He argues that the media misrepresented the details surrounding the kidnapping and replacement of a democratically elected prime minister with the dictatorship of the United Nations. He describes the “media disinformation loop” as part of the coup infrastructure by shaping beliefs and actions. Podur’s work is an attempt to publicize an alternative to corrupt mainstream reporting.The media did not question the legitimacy of the coup regime or the United Nations’ Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Podur argues that the occupation of Haiti by the MINUSTAH occurred under peculiar justifications. He reports that, “in Haiti an internationalized military solution is being offered for what even the UN admitted were problems of poverty and social crime that occur in many places.” He argues that violence and murder rates are higher in other countries, including the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Trinidad, and Jamaica. The mainstream rationale for UN occupation in Haiti has evaded inquiry.Podur’s analysis of the coup extends to the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the new dictatorship. In Haiti, Podur argues, NGOs perform tasks that belong in the hands of a functioning public service, accountable to the people. Instead, NGOs operate in the interests of their donor countries—“offering wealthy countries a morally responsible way of subcontracting the sovereignty of the nations they exploit.” Making NGOs “less non-governmental and more ‘over governmental’” and revealing the determinant role of external intervention in corrupting sovereignty.NGOs are responsible for the bulk of disaster response in Haiti. Podur’s analysis of the earthquake of 2010 reveals a stunning account of how well-meaning donors are part of a feedback loop that (in part) finances a corrupt system. This system of local elites, international enterprises, and NGOs acts with impunity as they create and reinforce vulnerabilities because funds are controlled by western technocrats and corporations (particularly in times of crisis). Rather than geographic factors, Podur argues that social factors are the major cause of Haiti’s horrific death toll following disasters. The decapitation of Haiti’s government and the subsequent program cuts demobilizes the public service while it enables the rise of the “republic of NGOs” and the UN Dictatorship. As Haiti lacks the sovereignty to orchestrate its own disaster response, the failure to rebuild after the earthquake marks the failure of the new dictatorship and not the people of Haiti.Podur illustrates the character of the new dictatorship allowing readers to understand the truly gruesome nature of the post-coup occupiers. Podur’s report leaves the reader spinning from accounts of murder and corruption; page after page the reader experiences Haiti’s grim reality in the new imperialist regime. While the lists of events in the book become disorienting to read, they serve to demonstrate the brutality of actions performed by western nations, the Haitian elite, and armed factions.In this book Podur argues that Haiti is engaged in a historical struggle for democracy against external control. Podur’s work on Haiti reveals how a multilateral violation of sovereignty is organized and carried out, and exposes the “new face of dictatorship in the twenty-first century global order.” However, the larger project of this book suggests a call to action. Podur recounts the illegitimacy of the occupation and its atrocities so that widespread recognition can be achieved and policies changed. Podur challenges us to consider what it truly means to help Haiti, to face the consequences of our “do-good” attempts at aid and instead aim to assist Haitians to reclaim national sovereignty.Work CitedTrouillot, Michel-Rolph. Haiti, State Against Nation: The Origins and Legacy of Duvalierism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990. Print.~NATALI DOWNER is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University. Her research explores the contradictions of capitalism as expressed in the twin crisis of peak oil and climate change.
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Margaret Davison, Carol. "Houses of Terror, Castles of Despair: Nightmarish Necropoetics and Necropolitics in the Victorian Workhouse." Victoriographies 13, no. 3 (November 2023): 256–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2023.0503.
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This essay brings Achille Mbembe’s intellectually trenchant theory of necropower to bear on the early Victorian era’s most despised and iconic institution, known as the workhouse, arguably one of the most preeminent emblems of democracy’s nocturnal body located within Britain. Regarded by many of its critics as enacting the Utilitarian, inhumane, and ‘mechanistic’ treatment of the poor (Crowther, ‘Workhouse’ 194), the workhouse was frequently portrayed using the Gothic mode as a necropolitical institution, a death manufactory that monstrously combined prison, factory, asylum, slaughterhouse, and dead house – some of society’s most dehumanizing, disciplinary, and dreaded locales. Taking posters, illustrations, broadside ballads, penny dreadfuls, and novels as its primary sources – cultural productions with working and lower-middle class readerships for whom the workhouse and the Anatomy Act posed the greatest threat – this essay examines the workhouse through socio-political, economic, and theological lenses, and relevant scholarship in the rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary field of Thanatology Studies. It contextualises Workhouse Gothic in relation to Victorian Christian beliefs and attitudes towards death, dying, mourning, and memorialisation, phenomena and concerns that span both sides of the grave, and discusses what was at stake in those cultural narratives in relation to domestic and national values, and the development of working-class identity, subjectivity, and class consciousness.
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Mitrofanov, Andrey. "Eaglet, Liberty, Hercules, and a Beehive: from the History of the Evolution of the State Seal of France in the Time of Napoleon." ISTORIYA 14, no. 6 (128) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027138-0.
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The article is devoted to the formation of republican and imperial emblems of the late 18th — early 19th centuries. in France, an important element of which was the state seal. A complete break with the heraldic tradition of the Old Order ended not in 1789, but in 1792 in connection with the overthrow of the monarchy. In August 1792, the National Convention approved a new state seal, which was used until 1804 with minor changes. The central element of the seal — the allegory of Liberty in the image of a woman was a well-known visual representation of the image of France from the very beginning of the Revolution, but in September 1792 it for the first time acquires the official status of a state emblem. The author shows how the revolutionary leaders made attempts to replace this image with others, wanting to emphasize the radical break and aspects of their political program. The projects of 1793 by Jean-Louis David and 1796 by Henri Gregoire differed significantly from each other. But the decree on the state seal of 1793, according to which the image of Liberty should be replaced by the image of Hercules, was not put into practice, and Gregoire’s proposals were completely rejected. On the basis of elements of revolutionary emblematic and neoclassical heraldic designs, in June — July 1804, a new state seal of the empire was created, the central elements of which are a golden eagle on an azure field and the image of Napoleon sitting on a throne in imperial insignia. The author emphasizes that the Napoleonic system of heraldic representation was originally conceived by Bonaparte and his advisers as an important political resource.
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Pietsch, Theodore W. "Charles Plumier’s anatomical drawings and description of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus (1694–1697)." Archives of Natural History 49, no. 1 (April 2022): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0764.
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French Minim friar Charles Plumier (1646−1704), craftsman, illustrator, and engraver, but best known for his work as a botanist, devoted the better part of his life to collecting and illustrating plants and animals. Observations made along the coasts of Languedoc and Provence, in the French Alps, on the islands of Hyères in the western Mediterranean, and during three expeditions to the West Indies between 1687 and 1697, provided the foundation for an enormous body of iconographic material extant in the collections of the Bibliothèque centrale du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. His anatomical drawings and description of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 , made while at Saint Domingue (present-day Haiti) during his last voyage (1694−1697), are described and reproduced. Comparisons with earlier, contemporary, and later accounts, especially those of Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648–1730), Thomas Goüye (1650–1725), Hans Sloane (1660−1753), and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider (1750–1822), are presented, as well as evidence of the originality and scientific accuracy of Plumier’s account.
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Bocharova, Marina Yurevna. "Visual state symbols of Japan during the Meiji era." Человек и культура, no. 4 (April 2021): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.4.35261.
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This article is dedicated to the visual state symbols of Japan of the late XIX century (national flag, personal seal of the emperor, order and medal of honor, and military insignia). The aforementioned symbols are viewed as the attributes of the status. First institutionalized graphic symbols in the history of the country have emerged under the influence of European culture and actualized elements of the ”old” Japanese culture, primarily from the emblems “mon” used to decorate and identify an individual or a family. This article explores the mechanisms of their emergence, as well as the mechanisms of evolution and introduction into the cultural environment based on the material of print mass-market production (postcards and Ukiyo-e woodblock prints). The author’s main contribution consists in comprehensive analysis of the state symbols of Japan of the late XIX century as the attributes of the status, which has been conducted for the first time. The flag, order and emblem of the emperor were used to demonstrate their direct affiliation to the department, as an attribute of a festive event, or indicate their authority. The research also employed postcards as a rarely used source for studying political symbols, or used in the context of ideology alone. The visual images of print production illustrate the reality of using state symbols, as well as within the framework of artistic techniques expand their use as the symbols.
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McGregor, Nicholas, Emmeline Lerebours, and Prasad Bodas. "Hydroxyurea to Treat Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease in Haiti - a Preliminary Report." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1313.1313.
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Abstract Introduction. Haiti is the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere, and the prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) in thatnation is twice that among African-Americans in the United States. Patients with SCD in Haiti have limited access to preventative care and disease management measures due to scarce healthcare resources. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a compelling option for the amelioration of complications of SCD in Haiti due to its relatively low cost, proven safety, and well-documented efficacy. Hydroxyurea programs have been implemented in India and in several African settings, however little data existto demonstrate the acceptability or feasibility of such an effort in Haiti. Study Design/Objectives. This is an open label, single arm pilot study with the primary objective of examining the acceptability and feasibility of the use of HU to treat children with SCD in an existing pediatric SCD program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Acceptability was defined as enrollment of a minimum of two-thirds of patients who are offered participation in the study. Feasibility was defined as two thirds of the enrolled patients being compliant with a defined minimum number of mandated study visits, lab draws, and HU doses. Secondary objectives include documenting the effect of HU on renal, hepatic, and bone marrow function as well as describing the incidence of clinical events in Haitian sickle cell patients taking HU. Methods. Patients with HbSS disease, age 2-15 years, who met minimum hematologic, renal, and hepatic parameters, were eligible for the study. Patients were approached for inclusion into the study consecutively during three separate enrollment periods from November 2015 through June 2016. The starting dose of Hydroxyurea (capsule and suspension form were available) was 20mg/kg which was increased to a maximum dose of 25mg/kg. Study visits occurred every 4 to 8 weeks at which point laboratory and clinical efficacy parameters, as well as potential adverse effects history were collected and dose modifications occurred. The study period for each patient will last 1 year. Akron Children's Hospital (ACH) IRB and the Haitian National Ethics Board approved the study. Funding for this project is provided through grants from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the ACH Foundation. Results. The study is ongoing with the enrollment period being closed as of June 2016. Forty-three patients have been enrolled, with a mean length of participation of 17.6 weeks (range 0-32 weeks).Forty-seven patients were offered participation in the study and 45 signed consent and underwent the screening process, generating an acceptability measure of 95.7%. Two out of the 45 screened patients were excluded based on results from screening labs (1 non-HbSS on confirmatory electrophoresis, 1 severe anemia) resulting in the final enrollment of 43 patients (23M:20F, mean age 9 years). Feasibility is being actively assessed.There have been no serious adverse events and no deaths. Three out of 43 enrolled patients were lost to follow-up and removed from the study due to missing 3 consecutive study visits (see figure 1). Compliance with mandated study visits was high among the enrolled patients with an attendance of 92.9% of the visits. Percent attainment of mandated laboratory tests is shown in table 1. No patients have had HU dose interruptions based on abnormal lab tests. Sixteen study patients have 6 month hematologic laboratory data available at this time: mean Hemoglobin and MCV have increased from 7.1 to 7.9g/dL and 90.6 to 107.1fL, respectively, and mean WBC and platelet count have decreased from 18.0 to 12.4(10^9/mL) and 557 to 413(10^9/mL), respectively. Conclusion. Results suggest that HU isan acceptable option for treating children with sickle cell disease in Haiti. Our preliminary data show that HU is feasible, safe, and effective in this setting. Challenges exist in ensuring reliable laboratory follow-up and will likely have to be addressed on an individual clinic and laboratory basis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bradford, Anita Casavantes. "Trauma and Unaccompanied Child Migration in US History: Reflections from the Archives." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 17, no. 2 (March 2024): 236–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2024.a926866.
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Abstract: Through detailed analysis of archival records, Anita Casavantes Bradford traces the history of the clinical, academic, and popular understandings of trauma as it influenced US immigration policy for unaccompanied migrant children during the twentieth century. She questions why adults charged with the care of unaccompanied minors have "(mis)understood … (mis)managed … and (mis)represented" children as traumatized, both unintentionally and deliberately, in order to advance adult objectives. Casavantes Bradford provides a historical overview of US immigration and refugee polices since the 1930s as applied to unaccompanied migrant children. This history also traces the evolution of clinical and popular definitions of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—officially recognized by psychologists in 1980—and suggests that policies for managing and mitigating trauma among unaccompanied minors often led to negative consequences. These polices, above all, were often based on geopolitical and domestic political considerations rather than the welfare of children, according to Casavantes Bradford. Thus, during the 1980s, unaccompanied minors from Haiti and Central America reaching the United States faced detention and deportation, while Sudanese "lost boys" were granted preferential treatment that aligned with US national security interests in Africa. Since the 1930s, markers of difference such as race, class, and religion have also played fundamental roles in which unaccompanied minors have been given the "right to be traumatized" and resettlement. Casavantes Bradford cautions researchers against interpreting migrant children's experiences through biased or ahistorical notions of trauma that oversimplify individual young people's experiences and their potential resilience. Historians and others should critically examine their own assumptions when studying trauma and the experiences of unaccompanied migrant children.
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Elnaiem, Ahmed D., Molly F. Franke, Aaron Richterman, Yodeline Guillaume, Kenia Vissieres, Gertrude Cene Augustin, Ralph Ternier, and Louise C. Ivers. "Food insecurity and risk of cholera: A cross-sectional study and exploratory analysis of potential mediators." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): e0010574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010574.
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Background Food insecurity has been independently associated with developing cholera and there is an inverse relationship between national food security and annual cholera incidence. However, the factors that mediate the risk of cholera among food insecure households remain largely unexplored. Methodology and principal findings In a cross-sectional survey of rural households in Haiti, we explored the role of food behaviors (i.e., dietary choices and food-handling practices) as mediators of cholera risk among food-insecure families. We generated a series of multivariable regression models to test hypothesized associations between the severity of food insecurity (measured by the Household Hunger Scale), hygiene and food behaviors, and history of severe, medically-attended cholera. Moderate household hunger (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.47, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05–2.04; p = 0.021) and severe hunger (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.45–4.15; p = 0.001) were positively associated with a history of severe, medically-attended cholera compared with little to no household hunger. Household hunger was positively associated with three behaviors: antacid use, consumption of leftover non-reheated food, and eating food and beverages prepared outside of the home (i.e., at a restaurant or from a vendor). Consumption of outside food items and antacid use were positively associated with a history of cholera. Conclusion Our findings suggest that food behaviors may mediate the association between food insecurity and cholera and contribute to an understanding of how interventions could be designed to target food insecurity as part of cholera prevention and control.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2012): 309–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002420.
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A World Among these Islands: Essays on Literature, Race, and National Identity in Antillean America, by Roberto Márquez (reviewed by Peter Hulme) Caribbean Reasonings: The Thought of New World, The Quest for Decolonisation, edited by Brian Meeks & Norman Girvan (reviewed by Cary Fraser) Elusive Origins: The Enlightenment in the Modern Caribbean Historical Imagination, by Paul B. Miller (reviewed by Kerstin Oloff) Caribbean Perspectives on Modernity: Returning Medusa’s Gaze, by Maria Cristina Fumagalli (reviewed by Maureen Shay) Who Abolished Slavery: Slave Revolts and Abolitionism: A Debate with João Pedro Marques, edited by Seymour Drescher & Pieter C. Emmer, and Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic, edited by Derek R . Peterson (reviewed by Claudius Fergus) The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery, by Gustav Ungerer (reviewed by James Walvin) Children in Slavery through the Ages, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers & Joseph C. Miller (reviewed by Indrani Chatterjee) The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates, by Peter T. Leeson (reviewed by Kris Lane) Theorizing a Colonial Caribbean-Atlantic Imaginary: Sugar and Obeah, by Keith Sandiford (reviewed by Elaine Savory) Created in the West Indies: Caribbean Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul, edited by Jennifer Rahim & Barbara Lalla (reviewed by Supriya M. Nair) Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature, by Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley (reviewed by Lyndon K. Gill) Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon, by Kaiama L. Glover (reviewed by Asselin Charles) Divergent Dictions: Contemporary Dominican Literature, by Néstor E. Rodríguez (reviewed by Dawn F. Stinchcomb) The Caribbean Short Story: Critical Perspectives, edited by Lucy Evans, Mark McWatt & Emma Smith (reviewed by Leah Rosenberg) Society of the Dead: Quita Manaquita and Palo Praise in Cuba, by Todd Ramón Ochoa (reviewed by Brian Brazeal) El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader, by Araceli Tinajero (reviewed by Juan José Baldrich) Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class, and State Formation in Cuba, 1868-1959, by Gillian McGillivray (reviewed by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio) The Purposes of Paradise: U.S. Tourism and Empire in Cuba and Hawai’i, by Christine Skwiot (reviewed by Amalia L. Cabezas) A History of the Cuban Revolution, by Aviva Chomsky (reviewed by Michelle Chase) The Cubalogues: Beat Writers in Revolutionary Havana, by Todd F. Tietchen (reviewed by Stephen Fay) The Devil in the Details: Cuban Antislavery Narrative in the Postmodern Age, by Claudette M. Williams (reviewed by Gera Burton) Screening Cuba: Film Criticism as Political Performance during the Cold War, by Hector Amaya (reviewed by Ann Marie Stock) Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective, by Lana Wylie (reviewed by Julia Sagebien) Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World of Empire and Jim Crow, by Frank Andre Guridy (reviewed by Susan Greenbaum) The Irish in the Atlantic World, edited by David T. Gleeson (reviewed by Donald Harman Akenson) The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Walton Look Lai & Tan Chee-Beng (reviewed by John Kuo Wei Tchen) The Island of One People: An Account of the History of the Jews of Jamaica, by Marilyn Delevante & Anthony Alberga (reviewed by Barry Stiefel) Creole Jews: Negotiating Community in Colonial Suriname, by Wieke Vink (reviewed by Aviva Ben-Ur) Only West Indians: Creole Nationalism in the British West Indies, by F.S.J. Ledgister (reviewed by Jerome Teelucksingh) Cultural DNA: Gender at the Root of Everyday Life in Rural Jamaica, by Diana J. Fox (reviewed by Jean Besson) Women in Grenadian History, 1783-1983, by Nicole Laurine Phillip (reviewed by Bernard Moitt) British-Controlled Trinidad and Venezuela: A History of Economic Interests and Subversions, 1830-1962, by Kelvin Singh (reviewed by Stephen G. Rabe) Export/Import Trends and Economic Development in Trinidad, 1919-1939, by Doddridge H.N. Alleyne (reviewed by Rita Pemberton) Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal, by Colin Clarke & Gillian Clarke (reviewed by Patricia van Leeuwaarde Moonsammy) Poverty in Haiti: Essays on Underdevelopment and Post Disaster Prospects, by Mats Lundahl (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) From Douglass to Duvalier: U.S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870-1964, by Millery Polyné (reviewed by Brenda Gayle Plummer) Haiti Rising: Haitian History, Culture and the Earthquake of 2010, edited by Martin Munro (reviewed by Jonna Knappenberger) Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora, by Margarita A. Mooney (reviewed by Rose-Marie Chierici) This Spot of Ground: Spiritual Baptists in Toronto, by Carol B. Duncan (reviewed by James Houk) Interroger les morts: Essai sur le dynamique politique des Noirs marrons ndjuka du Surinam et de la Guyane, by Jean-Yves Parris (reviewed by H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen & W. van Wetering)
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Martínez-Fernández, Luis. "The Sword and the Crucifix: Church-State Relations and Nationality in the Nineteenth-Century Dominican Republic." Latin American Research Review 30, no. 1 (1995): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100017179.
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Like the precarious colonial state demeaningly referred to as “España la Boba,” the Dominican Catholic Church of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries endured the Caribbean ramifications of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. This onslaught included the cession of Santo Domingo to France in 1795, the protracted and bloody revolution in St. Domingue, disruptions in international trade, and invasions by Haiti in 1801 and 1805. Both the colonial state and the colonial church were further undermined by the declaration of Dominican independence in December 1821. Only weeks into Dominican independence, twelve thousand troops under the command of Haitian President Jean-Pierre Boyer invaded the eastern part of the island, fulfilling the long-held Haitian goal of unifying the island under Haitian rule. Although considerably weakened, the Dominican church survived as the single truly national institution in the sense that it retained influence throughout the Dominican territory. The church was also national in providing a central element in Dominican elite culture: fervent Catholicism. Thus it was not coincidental that clerics gravitated to the heart of the Dominican struggle for liberation and that the church continued to play a major role in defining political alignments during the forty years following Dominican independence.
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Hovell, Devika. "Due Process in the United Nations." American Journal of International Law 110, no. 1 (January 2016): 9–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.110.1.0001.
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“For hard it is for high and stately buildings long to stand except they be upholden and staid by most strong shores, and rest upon most sure foundations”—Jean Bodin, The Six Books of a Commonweale (1576)It has been said of the redemptive quality of procedural reform that it is “about nine parts myth and one part coconut oil.” Yet, as the recent history of the United Nations shows, failure to enact adequate procedural reform can have damaging consequences for an organization and its activities. In the targeted-sanctions context, litigation in over thirty national and regional courts over due process deficiencies has had a “significant impact on the regime,” placing it “at a legal crossroads.” In the peacekeeping context, the United Nations’ position that claims in the ongoing Haiti cholera controversy are “not receivable” has been described in extensive and uniformly critical press coverage as the United Nations’ “Watergate, except with far fewer consequences for the people responsible.” Complacency in the face of allegations of sexual abuse by UN blue helmets led to the unprecedented ousting of a special representative to the secretary-general in the Central African Republic. Economizing on due process standards is proving to be a false economy.
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Watlington, R. A., E. Lewis, and D. Drost. "Coordinated management of coastal hazard awareness and preparedness in the USVI." Advances in Geosciences 38 (April 30, 2014): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-31-2014.
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Abstract. As far back as history has been written in the islands today known as the US Virgin Islands (USVI), residents have had to endure and survive costly and deadly onslaughts from tropical storms such as the 1867 San Narciso Hurricane, Hurricane Hugo and Hurricane Marilyn. Keenly alerted by recent tragic events in the Indian Ocean in 2004, in Haiti in 2010 and in Japan in 2011, the USVI was reminded that it had suffered its greatest tsunami impact in a well-documented event that had followed the 1867 hurricane by fewer than three weeks. To address their community's continual vulnerability to coastal hazards, USVI emergency managers, scientists and educators, assisted by national and regional disaster management agencies and warning programs, have engaged programs for understanding, anticipating and mitigating these hazards. This paper focuses on how three public-serving institutions, the Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Management Agency (VITEMA), the University of the Virgin Islands and the Caribbean Ocean Observing System have responded to the community's need for improved preparedness through programs of physical preparation, planning, research, observations, education and outreach. This report reviews some of the approaches and activities employed in the USVI in the hope of sharing their benefits with similarly vulnerable coastal communities.
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Van Dyk, Garritt. "A Tale of Two Boycotts: Riot, Reform, and Sugar Consumption in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain and France." Eighteenth-Century Life 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9272999.
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Atlantic sugar production and European sugar consumption rose dramatically in the late eighteenth century. Despite this increase, there were two separate calls to refrain from consuming sugar in both Britain and France at the end of the eighteenth century. Demands for abstinence were directed toward women to stop household consumption of sugar. In Britain, abolitionists urged women to stop buying West Indian sugar because it was a slave good, produced on plantations where enslaved Africans were subject to cruelty and where mortality rates were high. In France, the call to forego sugar came during the early years of the Revolution of 1789, in response to rising sugar prices. The women of Paris were asked to refrain from buying sugar at high prices that were assumed to be a result of market manipulation by speculators and hoarders engaging in anti-revolutionary behavior. The increase in Parisian sugar prices was not driven primarily by profiteering, but by a global shortage caused by the slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti. Comparing these two sugar boycotts, one in Britain, the other in France, provides an opportunity outside of national historical narratives to consider how both events employed the same technique for very different aims. The call to renounce sugar in both cases used economic pressure to create political change. An exploration of these movements for abstinence will provide a better understanding of how they critiqued consumption, and translated discourses, both abolitionist and revolutionary, into practice.
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Prydatko-Dolin, Vasyl. "Vsevolod Averin (1889–1946), master of the Ukrainian school of animaliers and graphic artists." GEO&BIO 2022, no. 22 (June 30, 2022): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gb2206.
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This article could have also been titled as ‘The little-known artist Vs. Averin.’ The impetus for its writing was the need to overcome post-Soviet propaganda, which invented the brand ‘Ukrainian Soviet artist’ and used it actively to sovietize biographies of Ukrainian artists. Vs. Averin is one of those artists. However, the Soviet style permeated Averin’s art independently through Averin’s presence in respective associations, unions, exhibitions, and publishing houses for which he acted professionally. In the same way, some of Averin’s art was adjusted artificially to the requirements of the Soviet system. Averin also illustrated memories of former revolutionists, he was among those who allegedly supported the Soviet collective farms, and he sympathized ostensibly with the ‘reunification of Ukraine and Russia’, and so on. The truth is that the work on the agitprop took away the artist’s time, which he could have used in other circumstances, in particular for painting. The author draws attention to many other things that are not yet voiced by the biographers. Averin had started with illustrating books before he entered art school, and in many ways he helped colleagues of his zoologist brother. Vsevolod was interested in everything that helped him to strengthen graphics, in particular through the usage of Egyptian and astrophysical symbols, occasionally photography. He created nice autolithographs for VUSOR—a legacy that remains unnoticed by exhibitioners today. The artist contributed a lot to the development of bookplates, trademarks, posters, stands, emblems, badges, covers, pictures for magazines, tokens, diplomas, letters of commendation, invitations, membership cards, as well as other items to advertise hunting and fishing equipment. He illustrated texts for famous writers and zoologists, including O. Vyshnya, Vikt. Averin, L. Portenko, M. Charlemagne, and others. He was the author of portraits of some educators, including T. Shevchenko. Some articles and books he published himself, such as ‘Interesting Plants’ and ‘Straw Bull’ (in Ukrainian). In the history of art, Averin will remain as a native of Kharkiv Oblast (Ukraine) and as a talented master of the national school of animaliers and graphic artists.
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OPITZ, WESTON. "Classification, natural history, and evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VII. The genera Hapsidopteris Opitz, Iontoclerus Opitz, Katamyurus Opitz, Megatrachys Opitz, Opitzia Nemesio, Pennasolis Opitz, new genus, Pericales Opitz, new genus, Pteroferus Opitz, new genus, and Turbophloeus Opitz, new genus." Zootaxa 1754, no. 1 (April 21, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1754.1.1.
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This study deals with minimally speciose epiphloeine genera. Hapsidopteris, based on H. diastenus Opitz, (type locality: México: Jalapa), is the presumed sister taxon of Opitzia Nemésio [type species: O. chiapas (Opitz), type locality: México: Chiapas: 39 km NW Comitán] a bitypic genus that also includes O. apicula, new species (type locality: Bolivia: Santa Cruz: Amboro Road, above Achira Campo). Two species define Iontoclerus Opitz, I. humeralis (Klug) (type locality: Brazil: Parà) and I. sericeus (Klug) (type locality: Brazil: Rondonia: 62 km SE Ariquemes), whose presumed sister genus is the monotypic Pericales, new genus, based on P. albogilvus, new species (type locality: Haiti: Sud-Ouest: Massif de La Selle, Morne d’Enfer). The Middle American bitypic Katamyurus Opitz [type species: K. paxillus Opitz, type locality: Nicaragua: Cerro Chimborazo], which also includes K. albopaniculus, new species (type locality: México: Sinaloa: 14 km NE La Cap. del Taxte), is considered the sister taxon to Ellipotoma Spinola (type species: E. tenuiformis Spinola. Type locality: Colombia). Megatrachys Opitz (type species: Megatrachys paniculus Opitz (type locality: México: Chiapas: 8 km W San Cristóbal) contains two additional species, M. bibara, new species (type locality: Guatemala: Zacapa: 2 km San Lorenzo) and M. truncatia, new species (type locality: México: Chiapas: 47.5 km NW Comitán) and is the hypothesized sister taxon to Pennasolis, new genus [type species; P. merkeli (Horn), type locality: Arizona: Cochise County, South West Research Station, 8 km W Portal], which in addition to the type species also contains P. californica (Van Dyke) (type locality: California: Yosemite National Park, Yosemite Valley. The phylogenetic relationships of two South American monotypic genera have not been deciphered; these are Pteroferus, new genus, based on P. zolnerowichi, new species (type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia), and Turbophloeus, new genus, based on T. simplex (Schenkling) whose type locality is Bolivia: Santa Cruz: Amboro National Park, Los Volcanes. Lectotypes are designated for Pennasolis merkeli (Horn), Iontoclerus humeralis (Klug), I. sericeus (Klug), and Turbophloeus simplex (Schenkling). The latter binomial represents a new combination whose specific epithet was originally associated with Epiphloeus.
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YAMAMOTO, GABRIEL DO CARMO, and JOSIANE SILVA DE OLIVEIRA. "Immigration as practice of organization: discussions about practices of organization, displacement, and integration of Haitian immigrants in the Goiânia Metropolitan Region, in Goiás, Brazil." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 19, no. 2 (June 2021): 292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120200015.
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Abstract This study aims to discuss the practices of displacement and organization that are part of the process of integrating Haitian immigrants in the countries that they live, in their diaspora process. Haiti is a country historically marked by displacement, which is observed since the colonial period, when people were forcibly displaced to be enslaved. This article will focus on the process of displacement, through the theoretical lens of Practice-Based Studies, using Michel de Certeau’s theory about social practices, associated with the concepts of Tim Cresswell about displacement and immigration as practice. The research was conducted between August and December 2017 in two Haitian communities in the Goiânia Metropolitan Region, in the state of Goiás, located in Central-West Brazil. For the production of empirical material, we used the techniques of life history interview and participant observation, by accompanying the everyday life activities in the immigrant’s communities. The results show that the practice of displacement of Haitian immigrants is an unfinished and still in process phenomenon, involving different dimensions of events, with international, national, and commuting displacement. It was also possible to conclude that the displacement practices are permeated by organizational practices and that “organizing” and “migrating” are processes involved. In addition, the practice of organization is a key component for integration and access to the workplace in Brazil. Therefore, immigration can be considered sets of practices to organize mobility experiences that are spatially multi-localized and incorporated.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 64, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1990): 149–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002021.
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-Mohammed F. Khayum, Michael B. Connolly ,The economics of the Caribbean Basin. New York: Praeger, 1985. xxiii + 355 pp., John McDermott (eds)-Susan F. Hirsch, Herome Wendell Lurry-Wright, Custom and conflict on a Bahamian out-island. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987. xxii + 188 pp.-Evelyne Trouillot-Ménard, Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique, 1,000 proverbes créoles de la Caraïbe francophone. Paris: Editions Caribéennes, 1987. 114 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Amon Saba Saakana, The colonial legacy in Caribbean literature. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. 1987. 128 pp.-Andrew Sanders, Cees Koelewijn, Oral literature of the Trio Indians of Surinam. In collaboration with Peter Riviére. Dordrecht and Providence: Foris Publications, 1987. (Caribbean Series 6, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics anbd Anthropology). xiv + 312 pp.-Janette Forte, Nancie L. Gonzalez, Sojouners of the Caribbean: ethnogenesis and ethnohistory of the Garifuna. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1988. xi + 253 pp.-Nancie L. Gonzalez, Neil L. Whitehead, Lords of the Tiger Spirit: a history of the Caribs in colonial Venezuela and Guyana 1498-1820. Dordrecht and Providence: Foris Publications, 1988. (Caribbean Series 10, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology.) x + 250 pp.-N.L. Whitehead, Andrew Sanders, The powerless people. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1987. iv + 220 pp.-Russell Parry Scott, Kenneth F. Kiple, The African exchange: toward a biological history of black people. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. vi + 280 pp.-Colin Clarke, David Dabydeen ,India in the Caribbean. London: Hansib Publishing Ltd., 1987. 326 pp., Brinsley Samaroo (eds)-Juris Silenieks, Edouard Glissant, Caribbean discourse: selected essays. Translated and with an introduction by J. Michael Dash. Charlottesville, Virginia: The University Press of Virginia, 1989. xlvii + 272 pp.-Brenda Gayle Plummer, J. Michael Dash, Haiti and the United States: national stereotypes and the literary imagination. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. xv + 152 pp.-Evelyne Huber, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Haiti: state against nation: the origins and legacy of Duvalierism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990. 282 pp.-Leon-Francois Hoffman, Alfred N. Hunt, Hiati's influence on Antebellum America: slumbering volcano of the Caribbean. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1988. xvi + 196 pp.-Brenda Gayle Plummer, David Healy, Drive to hegemony: the United States in the Caribbean, 1898-1917. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. xi + 370 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Jorge Heine ,The Caribbean and world politics: cross currents and cleavages. New York and London: Holmes and Meier Publishers, Inc., 1988. ix + 385 pp., Leslie Manigat (eds)-Anthony P. Maingot, Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, The Caribbean in world affairs: the foreign policies of the English-speaking states. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1989. vii + 244 pp.-Edward M. Dew, H.F. Munneke, De Surinaamse constitutionele orde. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Ars Aequi Libri, 1990. v + 120 pp.-Charles Rutheiser, O. Nigel Bolland, Colonialism and resistance in Belize: essays in historical sociology. Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Cubola Productions / Institute of Social and Economic Research / Society for the Promotion of Education and Research, 1989. ix + 218 pp.-Ken I. Boodhoo, Selwyn Ryan, Trinidad and Tobago: the independence experience, 1962-1987. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ISER, 1988. xxiii + 599 pp.-Alan M. Klein, Jay Mandle ,Grass roots commitment: basketball and society in Trinidad and Tobago. Parkersburg, Iowa: Caribbean Books, 1988. ix + 75 pp., Joan Mandle (eds)-Maureen Warner-Lewis, Reinhard Sander, The Trinidad Awakening: West Indian literature of the nineteen-thirties. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988. 168 pp.
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Shulha, Valeriia. "“I’ve never seen such strength in people”: An Interview with Photographer Jérôme Sessini." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 2 (2022): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2022.2.13.
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Jérôme Sessini is a French photographer, and member of Magnum Photos, in his works covers some of the most significant historical events of the last 30 years. The interview was recorded in January 2023 by Valeriia Shulha, a student of the Art History Department of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In the first part of the interview, Jérôme talks about the beginning of his career as an amateur photographer and American documentary photographers as his big inspiration. He started photography at the age of 23 and now he’s a leading photojournalist, having joined Magnum in 2012 and becoming a full member in 2016. Jérôme's lens covers political upheaval, social uprisings, and human struggle. He’d started working as a photojournalist in 1998 when he covered the conflict in Kosovo on behalf of the Gamma photo agency. Since then, he has been immersed in some of the most important events of recent years, including the war in Iraq (from 2003 to 2008), Aristide’s fall in Haiti (2004), the conquest of Mogadishu by the Islamic militias, and the war in Lebanon (2006). His works have one common feature - avoiding dry documentation, they’re picturing stories of ordinary people, to show the world’s social tragedies on a micro-scale. In the second part of interview the photographer explains why Ukraine is the most important project for him and shares his experience of documenting the events of modern Ukrainian history. In 2014, Sessini began covering events in Ukraine since the Revolution of Dignity. After the Maidan’s events, the photographer traveled throughout Ukraine for several years and gathered in his book "Inner Disorder" all the stories of Ukrainian’s lives ruined by the war. The photo book was published in 2021. Jérôme's work Final Fight for Maidan won the World Press Photo Awards in 2015. Sessini shares the story behind the creation of this image. A few days after the beginning of the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Sessini arrived in Ukraine, working on a series of photos for magazines such as "The New Yorker". Jérôme Sessini explains that the main aim for him is to create a coherent narrative in his works. The photographer always has been trying to communicate with the people he photographs. According to Jérôme, the only way to convey something to his audience is to feel and experience what you’re photographing.
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Pathak, Professor Bishnu. "A Comparative Study of World’s Truth Commissions —From Madness to Hope." World Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v4n3p192.
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<em>The objective of this paper is to explore the initiatives and practices of different countries in truth seeking. Many countries during the post-conflict, colonial, slavery, anarchical and cultural genocide periods establish the Truth Commissions to respond to the past human wrongdoings: crimes and crimes against humanity. Enforced Disappearances (ED), killings, rapes and inhumane tortures are wrongdoings. Truth Commission applies the method of recovering silences from the victims for structured testimonies. The paper is prepared based on the victim-centric approach. The purpose reveals the piecemeal fact-findings to heal the past, reconcile the present and protect the future. The study covers more than 50 Commissions in a chronological order: beginning from Uganda in 1974 and concluding to Nepal in February 2015. Two Commissions in Uruguay were formed to find-out enforced disappearances. Colombian and Rwandan Commissions have established permanent bodies. The Liberian TRC threatened the government to submit its findings to the ICC if the government failed to establish an international tribunal. The Commissions of Bolivia, Ecuador, Haiti, former Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe were disbanded, and consequently, their reports could not be produced. No public hearings were conducted in Argentina and former Yugoslavia. It is noted that only 8 public hearings in Ghana, 8 national hearings in East-Timor and 15 in Brazil were conducted. Moroccan Commission held public hearings after signing the bond paper for not to disclose the names of the perpetrators whereas Guatemala did not include the perpetrators’ names in the report. The Shining Path’s activists are serving sentences based on civil-anti-terrorist court, but Alberto Fujimori is convicted for 25 years. Chadian Commission worked even against illicit narcotics trafficking. The UN established its Commissions in Sierra Leon, El Salvador and East-Timor, but failed to restore normalcy in Kosovo. Haiti prosecuted 50 perpetrators whereas Guatemala prosecuted its former military dictator. The Philippines’ Commission had limited investigation jurisdiction over army, but treated the insurgents differently. In El Salvador, the State security forces were responsible for 85 percent and the non-state actors for 15 percent similar to CIEDP, Nepal. The TRCs of Argentina, East-Timor, Guatemala, Morocco, Peru and South Africa partially succeeded. Large numbers of victims have failed to register the complaints fearing of possible actions. All perpetrators were controversially granted amnesty despite the TRC recommendation in South Africa. The victims and people still blamed Mandela that he sold out black people’s struggle. Ironically, the perpetrators have received justice, but the victims are further victimized. As perpetrator-centric Government prioritizes cronyism, most of the Commissioners defend their respective institution and individuals. Besides, perpetrators influence Governments on the formation of Truth Commission for ‘forgetting the victims to forgive the perpetrators’. A commission is a Court-liked judicial and non-judicial processes body, but without binding authority except Sierra Leone. Transitional Justice body exists with a five-pillar policy: truth, justice, healing, prosecution and reparation. It has a long neglected history owing to anarchical roles of the perpetrators and weak-poor nature of the victims. Almost all TRCs worked in low budget, lack of officials, inadequate laws and regulations, insufficient infrastructures and constraints of moral supports including Liberia, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Uganda and Nepal. The perpetrators controlled Governments ordered to destroy documents, evidences and testimonies in their chain of command that could have proven guilty to them.</em>
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2006): 105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002492.
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Maximilian C. Forte; Ruins of Absence, Presence of Caribs: (Post)Colonial Representations of Aboriginality in Trinidad and Tobago (Neil L. Whitehead)Nick Nesbitt; Voicing Memory: History and Subjectivity in French Caribbean Literature (H. Adlai Murdoch)Camilla Stevens; Family and Identity in Contemporary Cuban and Puerto Rican Drama (Lydia Platón)Jonathan Goldberg; Tempest in the Caribbean (Jerry Brotton)Michael Chanan; Cuban Cinema (Tamara L. Falicov)Gemma Tang Nain, Barbara Bailey (eds.); Gender Equality in the Caribbean: Reality or Illusion (A. Lynn Bolles)Ernesto Sagás, Sintia E. Molina (eds.); Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (Rosemary Polanco)Christine M. Du Bois; Images of West Indian Immigrants in Mass Media: The Struggle for a Positive Ethnic Reputation (Dwaine Plaza)Luis Raúl Cámara Fuertes; The Phenomenon of Puerto Rican Voting (Annabelle Conroy)Philip Gould; Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (William A. Pettigrew)Laurent Dubois; Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Yvonne Fabella)Sibylle Fischer; Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ashli White)Philip D. Morgan, Sean Hawkins (eds.); Black Experience and the British Empire (James Walvin)Richard Smith; Jamaican Volunteers in the First World War: Race, Masculinity and the Development of National Consciousness (Linden Lewis)Muriel McAvoy; Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba (Richard Sicotte)Ned Sublette; Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo (Pedro Pérez Sarduy)Frances Negrón-Muntaner; Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (Halbert Barton)Gordon Rohlehr; A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (Stephen Stuempfle)Shannon Dudley; Carnival Music in Trinidad: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture (Donald R. Hill)Jean-Marc Terrine; La ronde des derniers maîtres de bèlè (Julian Gerstin)Alexander Alland, Jr.; Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms (Autumn Barrett)Livio Sansone; Blackness Without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil (Autumn Barrett)H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen, W. van Wetering; In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society (George L. Huttar, Mary L. Huttar)In: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (NWIG), 80 (2006), no. 1 & 2
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002492.
Full textAbstract:
Maximilian C. Forte; Ruins of Absence, Presence of Caribs: (Post)Colonial Representations of Aboriginality in Trinidad and Tobago (Neil L. Whitehead)Nick Nesbitt; Voicing Memory: History and Subjectivity in French Caribbean Literature (H. Adlai Murdoch)Camilla Stevens; Family and Identity in Contemporary Cuban and Puerto Rican Drama (Lydia Platón)Jonathan Goldberg; Tempest in the Caribbean (Jerry Brotton)Michael Chanan; Cuban Cinema (Tamara L. Falicov)Gemma Tang Nain, Barbara Bailey (eds.); Gender Equality in the Caribbean: Reality or Illusion (A. Lynn Bolles)Ernesto Sagás, Sintia E. Molina (eds.); Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (Rosemary Polanco)Christine M. Du Bois; Images of West Indian Immigrants in Mass Media: The Struggle for a Positive Ethnic Reputation (Dwaine Plaza)Luis Raúl Cámara Fuertes; The Phenomenon of Puerto Rican Voting (Annabelle Conroy)Philip Gould; Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (William A. Pettigrew)Laurent Dubois; Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Yvonne Fabella)Sibylle Fischer; Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ashli White)Philip D. Morgan, Sean Hawkins (eds.); Black Experience and the British Empire (James Walvin)Richard Smith; Jamaican Volunteers in the First World War: Race, Masculinity and the Development of National Consciousness (Linden Lewis)Muriel McAvoy; Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba (Richard Sicotte)Ned Sublette; Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo (Pedro Pérez Sarduy)Frances Negrón-Muntaner; Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (Halbert Barton)Gordon Rohlehr; A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (Stephen Stuempfle)Shannon Dudley; Carnival Music in Trinidad: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture (Donald R. Hill)Jean-Marc Terrine; La ronde des derniers maîtres de bèlè (Julian Gerstin)Alexander Alland, Jr.; Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms (Autumn Barrett)Livio Sansone; Blackness Without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil (Autumn Barrett)H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen, W. van Wetering; In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society (George L. Huttar, Mary L. Huttar)In: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (NWIG), 80 (2006), no. 1 & 2