Journal articles: 'Embedded Controls and Thermostat'

1

Medina, Adán, Juana Isabel Méndez, Pedro Ponce, Therese Peffer, and Arturo Molina. "Embedded Real-Time Clothing Classifier Using One-Stage Methods for Saving Energy in Thermostats." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 6117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176117.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy-saving is a mandatory research topic since the growing population demands additional energy yearly. Moreover, climate change requires more attention to reduce the impact of generating more CO2. As a result, some new research areas need to be explored to create innovative energy-saving alternatives in electrical devices that have high energy consumption. One research area of interest is the computer visual classification for reducing energy consumption and keeping thermal comfort in thermostats. Usually, connected thermostats obrtain information from sensors for detecting persons and scheduling autonomous operations to save energy. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how computer vision can be deployed in embedded digital systems to analyze clothing insulation in connected thermostats to reduce energy consumption and keep thermal comfort. The clothing classification algorithm embedded in a digital system for saving energy could be a companion device in connected thermostats to obtain the clothing insulation. Currently, there is no connected thermostat in the market using complementary computer visual classification systems to analyze the clothing insulation factor. Hence, this proposal aims to develop and evaluate an embedded real-time clothing classifier that could help to improve the efficiency of heating and ventilation air conditioning systems in homes or buildings. This paper compares six different one-stage object detection and classification algorithms trained with a small custom dataset in two embedded systems and a personal computer to compare the models. In addition, the paper describes how the classifier could interact with the thermostat to tune the temperature set point to save energy and keep thermal comfort. The results confirm that the proposed real-time clothing classifier could be implemented as a companion device in connected thermostats to provide additional information to end-users about making decisions on saving energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Dong, Shaofeng, Yahai Wang, Wei Hu, Guangshan Zhang, and Jinsong Zhan. "Constant temperature control system of building energy system." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 2853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104853d.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the poor effect of traditional systems on constant temperature control, the paper proposes to design an embedded continuous temperature control system in a dynamic, intelligent building. In the smart building, the thesis takes the building as the research object and uses the embedded technology to design the overall structure diagram of the system. The thesis aims at the output control module of the thermostat. It uses the Peltier effect to develop the thermocouple closed-loop and drives the semiconductor refrigeration device select. In the software part, the paper establishes a cross-compilation environment, transplants embedded kernels, and sets fuzzy rules for constant temperature control. The validity of the system design is verified through experiments. It can be seen from the experimental results that the system has a better thermostat control effect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Rogoyski, Matthew, Alvan Gaus, Israel Broner, and Thomas Mourey. "Design of Digitally Controlled Evaporative Cooling System for Apple Trees." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 665f—666. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.665f.

Full text

Abstract:

An evaporative cooling system for apple trees was implemented. The system is automated to conserve irrigation water. The automation is based on the digital, integrated thermometer and thermostat chip embedded in the artificial fruit. The thermometer–thermostat chip drives a solid state relay. The relay controls a solenoid operated valve. A typical duty cycle consisted of 1 to 2 minutes of wetting (water on) to 4 to 10 minutes drying (water off). Differences in the length of duty cycles between individual chips were observed. The reliability of the system was adequate. The waterproofing of the system's electrical components was its weak point. Irrigation water deposits accumulated on the apple fruit surface during the growing season were readily removable with a simulated brush technique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Li, Xinran. "A Sensor Array-based Control System Design for the Interior Environment of Driverless Cars." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2386, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2386/1/012092.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Highly intelligent driverless cars require intelligent, user-friendly and high-safety interior environment control systems to match. In this paper, through the use of vision sensors, sound sensors and a variety of environmental sensors to form a sensor array, and through the embedded microprocessor for centralized control, the design completed with face recognition door opening, cry detection window opening, vibration detection alarm, haze detection defrost, automatic thermostat control, automatic light brightness control, internal environment remote monitoring and other functions in one of the driverless car intelligent internal environment control system. The test results show that the system designed in this paper is a good solution to the problem. The test results show that the system designed in this paper is functionally rich and scalable, highly intelligent and suitable for the needs of the general public, and helps to improve the ride comfort and safety of driverless cars.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Seri, Federico, Marco Arnesano, Marcus Martin Keane, and Gian Marco Revel. "Temperature Sensing Optimization for Home Thermostat Retrofit." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113685.

Full text

Abstract:

Most existing residential buildings adopt one single-zone thermostat to control the heating of rooms with different thermal conditions. This solution often provides poor thermal comfort and inefficient use of energy. The current market proposes smart thermostats and thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) as cheap and relatively easy-to-install retrofit solutions. These systems provide increased freedom of installation, due to the use of wireless communication; however, the uncertainty of the measured air temperature, considering the thermostat placement, could impact the final heating performance. This paper presents a sensing optimization approach for a home thermostat, in order to determine the optimal retrofit configuration to reduce the sensing uncertainty, thus achieving the required comfort level and minimizing the retrofit’s payback period. The methodology was applied to a real case study—a dwelling located in Italy. The measured data and a simulation model were used to create different retrofit scenarios. Among these, the optimal scenario was achieved through thermostat repositioning and a setpoint of 21 °C, without the use of TRVs. Such optimization provided an improvement of control performance due to sensor location, with consequent energy savings of 7% (compared to the baseline). The resulting payback period ranged from two and a half years to less than a year, depending on impact of the embedded smart thermostat algorithms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chen, Fei, Wenbin Zeng, and Seraphine V. Wegner. "Ultrasound-activated bacteria with thermostat controls as living therapeutics." Matter 5, no. 8 (August 2022): 2416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2022.05.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Liu, Mingsheng, and Jinrong Wang. "Energy Performance Analysis of Coupled-Control Units With Both Thermostat and Humidistat." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1824104.

Full text

Abstract:

Coupled control units typically condition a single zone with constant air volume. A thermostat controls the heating valve or cooling valve when the room relative humidity is below the set point. When the room relative humidity is higher than the set point, a humidistat controls the cooling coil to dehumidify air and the thermostat controls the heating coil to maintain room temperature. Theoretical modeling is performed to investigate the energy performance of coupled control units and potential improvement measures. The study shows that the annual thermal energy consumption of the coupled-control units is up to four times higher than the optimal thermal energy consumption. Thermal energy consumption can be reduced by (a) eliminating excessive airflows, (b) minimizing valve leakages, and (c) modulating airflows with a zone sensible load. This paper presents the simulation models and results and discusses improvement measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Gallagher, Martin J. "Mom Controls the Thermostat: Mitochondria Influence the Neuronal Firing Set Point." Epilepsy Currents 19, no. 5 (August 26, 2019): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535759719868181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Stopps, Helen, and Marianne F. Touchie. "Residential smart thermostat use: An exploration of thermostat programming, environmental attitudes, and the influence of smart controls on energy savings." Energy and Buildings 238 (May 2021): 110834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110834.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Srinivasan, Chiranth, Chonglin Zhang, Haiyang Gao, De Ming Wang, and Jody Slike. "Modeling of Phase Change within a Wax Element Thermostat Embedded in an Automotive Cooling System." SAE International Journal of Engines 10, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0131.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Johnsen, Thea, Katrine Taksdal, John Clauß, Xingji Yu, and Laurent Georges. "Influence of thermal zoning and electric radiator control on the energy flexibility potential of Norwegian detached houses." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106030.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy flexibility of buildings can be used to reduce energy use and costs, peak power, CO2eq- emissions or to increase self-consumption of on-site electricity generation. Thermal mass activation proved to have a large potential for energy flexible operation. The indoor temperature is then allowed to fluctuate between a minimum and maximum value. Many studies investigating thermal mass activation consider electric radiators. Nevertheless, these studies most often assume that radiators modulate their emitted power, while, in reality, they are typically operated using thermostat (on-off) control. Firstly, this article aims at comparing the energy flexibility potential of thermostat and P-controls for Norwegian detached houses using detailed dynamic simulations (here IDA ICE). It is evaluated whether the thermostat converges to a P-control for a large number of identical buildings. As the buildings are getting better insulated, the impact of internal heat gains (IHG) becomes increasingly important. Therefore, the influence of different IHG profiles has been evaluated in the context of energy flexibility. Secondly, most studies about energy flexibility consider a single indoor temperature. This is questionable in residential buildings where people may want different temperature zones. This is critical in Norway where many occupants want cold bedrooms (~16°C) during winter time and open bedroom windows for this purpose. This article answers to these questions for two different building insulation levels and two construction modes (heavy and lightweight).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

MAN, K. L., M. A. RENIERS, and P. J. L. CUIJPERS. "CASE STUDIES IN THE HYBRID PROCESS ALGEBRA HyPA." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002385.

Full text

Abstract:

HyPA is an algebraic theory based on the classical process algebra Algebra of Communicating Processes (ACP) for the specification and analysis of hybrid systems. We have the idea that HyPA is also well suited for addressing various aspects of digital embedded systems including hardware, software and concurrency, as well as mixed-signal designs. To show that HyPA is useful for the specification and analysis of hybrid systems and that our idea is correct, we illustrate the use of HyPA with some case studies: a point-to-point communication , a thermostat, a positive-edge-triggered D flip flop, and a small part of a mixed-signal fuzzy controller.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zhang, Xiaohui, Li Liu, and Yueling Dai. "Fuzzy State Machine Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric UAVs with PV/Fuel Cell/Battery Power System." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2852941.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy management strategies are the key technology for hybrid electric UAVs. This paper proposes a fuzzy state machine (FSM) energy management strategy with an online potential to control the power flow for the hybrid electric UAV which includes the photovoltaic, fuel cell, and battery power sources. The FSM strategy couples the fuzzy logical strategy with a state machine strategy where the fuzzy logical strategy controls the power split between a fuel cell and a battery and the state machine deals with the power flow of photovoltaics and battery. To evaluate the FSM strategy, a simulation platform integrating the hybrid power system model and UAV model is developed with a Matlab/Simulink tool. An existed online thermostat control strategy for the same type of UAV is employed to compare with the proposed strategy based on the developed platform. The energy management process and the state of each power source are analyzed under a given mission scenario. The comparison of the two strategies about the power and energy contribution rates of each power source, the battery state of charge, and the hydrogen consumption is presented. The results indicate that the FSM strategy can satisfy the demand power effectively during the mission and performs better than the thermostat control strategy on power distribution and fuel consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mishra, S., D. Joshi, R. Ribeiro, and S. Anand. "Kinematics-coordinated walking pattern based on embedded controls." Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 34, no. 5-6 (May 18, 2010): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03091902.2010.481035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Müller, Thomas, and Max Felser. "Adaptations to the embedded controls engineering curriculum in switzerland." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 12 (July 2003): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)32512-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jennings, Will. "The Public Thermostat, Political Responsiveness and Error-Correction: Border Control and Asylum in Britain, 1994–2007." British Journal of Political Science 39, no. 4 (July 9, 2009): 847–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712340900074x.

Full text

Abstract:

The responsiveness of government to the preferences of its citizens is considered to be an important indicator of the performance of advanced democracy. This article argues that the thermostatic model of policy/opinion responsiveness can be represented in the form of an error-correction model where policy and public opinion variables are cointegrated, and extends the focus of investigation to government outputs. This models the short-run and long-run equilibrium of interactions between public opinion and policy/bureaucratic outputs. The article assesses the performance of British government – and, in particular, the Immigration and Nationality Directorate of the Home Office – in the operation of border controls and administration of claims for asylum, for the period between 1994 and 2007.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Pang, Hong Lei, Cai Yun Zhu, Zhi Bin Ni, and Yao Hua Wei. "Research and Application of the Auto-Control Cooling System for the Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1970.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the traditional cooling system cannot adjust the cooling water temperature to the different operation conditions of diesel engine, the auto-control cooling system is designed. Using it, the coolant temperature can be adjusted automatically by the single-chip which controls the transducer-controlled pump and the electronic dividing valve which replaces the thermostat. We use the thermal equilibrium bench to verify the figures, and the result is show that using the exhaust of generator heats the cooling water can shorten 13 minutes in starting process and the cooling water temperature adjusted automatically to the changing operation conditions of iesel can decrease the fuel consumption remarkably, the highest fuel saving rate reached 5.4%, the averagely fuel saving rate reached 3.6%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Saberi Derakhtenjani, Ali, and Andreas Athienitis. "Energy Flexibility Assessment of a Zone with Radiant Floor Heating System by Means of Experimental Measurements." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212010.

Full text

Abstract:

This article investigates the potential energy flexibility of a thermal zone that contains a hydronic radiant floor heating system embedded in a concrete slab. The energy flexibility of the zone is quantified from experimental measurements for a specific zone air set point change. The experiment was carried out in an experimental perimeter zone test cell (PZTC) designed to simulate the conditions of an office space near a window which has a radiant floor heating system. The PZTC is located inside a controlled environmental chamber (EC). The EC provides the desired exterior conditions. The temperature inside the PZTC is controlled with a thermostat that adjusts the heating power delivered from the hydronic pipes to the slab. It was observed that modulating the zone air temperature setpoint results in significant changes in the heating load, and thus providing a certain amount of energy flexibility. Application of the quantified energy flexibility along with applicable strategies in response to a specific price signal profile are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Shonazarov, Parviz M., Fozil T. Kholov, and Bekhruz B. Saidov. "The method of digital watermarking for improving objects based on clusters and perception values." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2022-1-109-120.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most important IoT concerns is resource constraints such as power supply, processing power, memory capacity, wireless range, and wireless bandwidth. Low bandwidth wireless routing requires multiple routing steps to reach a destination. The Internet of things (Internet of things, IoT) is a technology that consists of a set of objects that are connected via the Internet and collect information generated by sensors. IoT devices are devices that are networked and accessible to anyone and everything anytime and anywhere. Examples of such devices include temperature sensors, motion sensors, heart rate sensors, energy consumption sensors, etc. For example, a temperature sensor can be built into a thermostat, an indicator of the amount of electricity consumed in homes, and a traffic sensor at a traffic light. This article proposes a scheme based on fragile watermarking and improved clustering to resolve the conflict between security and limited perceptual resources. To improve security, we are developing a stochastic positioning strategy based on a clustering algorithm to compute the position embedded in the temporal dynamics of the data measurement. Thus, security vulnerabilities created by a stationary embedded situation can not only be effectively addressed but also result in zero data disturbance. Our research results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively integrate low-cost data, as well as reduce power consumption and increase network life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Tusiime, Swalehe, Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, and Ole J. Nydal. "Performance Investigations of the Charging and Discharging Processes in a 3-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents a 3 tank thermal energy storage system. The system consists of cold oil reservoir, heat storage tank, and a residual drainage tank. Cold oil flows by gravity into a heating chamber and after being heated to the required temperature, a mechanical thermostat opens allowing the hot oil to flow into a heat storage tank. The storage tank was discharged through the cooking unit by boiling 0.5 litres of water. The used oil flowed by gravity to the drainage tank. The discharge flow rates of 0.5, 2.1, 2.8 and 6.5 g/s were considered. A charging efficiency of 51.3% and overall discharging efficiency range of 15.3 34.7% were achieved. Charging efficiency increased when the source was embedded in the storage tank. The instantaneous discharge power had a peak value for each flow rate. The adopted cooking unit had a thermal transfer efficiency range of 34.7 57.6%. A method for sizing oil based TES systems was proposed and illustrated based on the obtained discharge results. Keywords: 3-tank, sizing, discharging, efficiency, thermal energy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sergi, Alessandro, Gabriel Hanna, Roberto Grimaudo, and Antonino Messina. "Quasi-Lie Brackets and the Breaking of Time-Translation Symmetry for Quantum Systems Embedded in Classical Baths." Symmetry 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10100518.

Full text

Abstract:

Many open quantum systems encountered in both natural and synthetic situations are embedded in classical-like baths. Often, the bath degrees of freedom may be represented in terms of canonically conjugate coordinates, but in some cases they may require a non-canonical or non-Hamiltonian representation. Herein, we review an approach to the dynamics and statistical mechanics of quantum subsystems embedded in either non-canonical or non-Hamiltonian classical-like baths which is based on operator-valued quasi-probability functions. These functions typically evolve through the action of quasi-Lie brackets and their associated Quantum-Classical Liouville Equations, or through quasi-Lie brackets augmented by dissipative terms. Quasi-Lie brackets possess the unique feature that, while conserving the energy (which the Noether theorem links to time-translation symmetry), they violate the time-translation symmetry of their algebra. This fact can be heuristically understood in terms of the dynamics of the open quantum subsystem. We then describe an example in which a quantum subsystem is embedded in a bath of classical spins, which are described by non-canonical coordinates. In this case, it has been shown that an off-diagonal open-bath geometric phase enters into the propagation of the quantum-classical dynamics. Next, we discuss how non-Hamiltonian dynamics may be employed to generate the constant-temperature evolution of phase space degrees of freedom coupled to the quantum subsystem. Constant-temperature dynamics may be generated by either a classical Langevin stochastic process or a Nosé–Hoover deterministic thermostat. These two approaches are not equivalent but have different advantages and drawbacks. In all cases, the calculation of the operator-valued quasi-probability function allows one to compute time-dependent statistical averages of observables. This may be accomplished in practice using a hybrid Molecular Dynamics/Monte Carlo algorithms, which we outline herein.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Moon, Jin Woo, and Seung-Hoon Han. "A Comparative Study Between Thermostat/Hygrometer-Based Conventional and Artificial Neural Network-Based Predictive/Adaptive Thermal Controls in Residential Buildings." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 11, no. 1 (May 2012): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.11.169.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ahn, Jonghoon. "Thermal Control Processes by Deterministic and Network-Based Models for Energy Use and Control Accuracy in a Building Space." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020385.

Full text

Abstract:

Various control approaches for building thermal controls have been studied to improve the energy use which determines a large part of the spatial thermal quality. This research compares the performance of deterministic models and a network-based model to examine the aspects of both energy consumption and thermal comfort. The single-switch deterministic model immediately responds to indoor thermal conditions, but the network-based model sends better-fit signals derived from learned data reflecting seven different climate conditions. As a result, the network-based model improves the thermal comfort level by about 6.1% to 9.4% and the energy efficiency by about 1.8% to 39.5% as compared to a thermostat and a fuzzy model. In the case of a specific weather condition, it can be confirmed that the process of finding efficient control values based on the network-based learning algorithm is more efficient than the conventional deterministic models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ranga, Shravan, Ujwal Shreenag Meda, and Samhita Kiran. "Nanotechnology in the Textile Industry: Present and Future." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 4791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.4791ecst.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of nanotechnology in various types of textiles revolutionized the industry. Bulletproof jumpsuits, invisible coatings, advanced fibers, and fabric touchpads have transformed traditional textiles into smart textiles. Artificial muscles, also known as ICPs (inherently conductive polymers), are made from nanomaterials that mimic biological muscles. Fabrics coated with silver nanoparticles are the most effective antibacterial bandages or dressings. New advancements allowed usage of pressure pads which have nanoparticles of gold, nickel, and so on incorporated into it. The piezoelectric capabilities of carbon doped polymers used in iPod controls and fabric switches are preserved. Woven optical fibers are used in textiles for a variety of purposes, including light transmission, sensing, deformation detection, and data transmission. Another approach for the transfer of graphic and multicolored surfaces is light emitting fabrics. Fabrics made with phase change materials act as a thermostat, ensuring that the desired temperature is maintained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bibik, O. I., and I. A. Arkhipov. "Study of triclabendazole effects on Fasciola hepatica’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host." Russian Journal of Parasitology 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-3-93-100.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the research is to study triclabendazole effects on the Fasciola’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers which are responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host.Materials and methods. The study material was trematodes Fasciola hepatica (Linneus 1758, family Fasciolidae Railliet 1895), which were collected after the action of triclabendazole (fasinex) (chemically 5-chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methylthiobenzimidazole)on the 7th day after the drug administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg for the Active Substance in the treatment of ovine fasciolosis. F. hepatica from untreated animals served as control. Mature F. hepatica collected after treatment with triclabendazole, and marita from the control groups were dehydrated in ascending alcohol series for 1–2 days after fixation; then passed through a mixture of chloroform and absolute alcohol (in a ratio of 1:1), and through pure chloroform in two portions for 10–15 minutes. The material was then soaked in a mushy mixture of chloroform and paraffin in a thermostat at 37 °C for 12–18 hours, and in paraffin in a thermostat at 56 °C for 30–45 minutes; and then embedded in paraffin with added wax. The resulting paraffin blocks were broken down into serial sections of 5–7 μm thick, then stained and examined under a light microscope.Results and discussion. Pathomicromorphological analysis of F. hepatica’s spines and suckers, organs that come into adhesive contact with the host organism revealed destructive changes in them after the action of triclabendazole. After the action of triclabendazole on fascioles, the spines look enlarged and swollen, and have a more rounded shape and some changes in color, absorbing eosin in greater concentration. The muscle fibers of the fascioles’ oral and abdominal suckers also look swollen after the action of triclabendazole. Although the musculature of the F. hepatica’s pharynx retained its structure, it has changes. It thickened sharply, which is clearly visible on the transverse and longitudinal sections of the helminths; neurosecretory cells are destroyed, and voids are observed in their place.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Nagengast, Bernard. "It's a Cool Story." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 05 (May 1, 2000): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-may-3.

Full text

Abstract:

This article discusses about domestic refrigeration and comfort air conditioning. Refrigeration engineers introduced eccentric shaft, closed-crankcase reciprocating compressors, replacing crosshead or crank types, allowing higher operating speeds and smaller size. Leaky stuffing boxes were replaced with rotary mechanical shaft sea is that minimized leaks. Thermostatic controls were applied to refrigeration systems, making them responsive to the vagaries of system load that varied with room temperature, frequency of door opening, and so on. Engineering brought us those old refrigerators in the garage that still run after 50 years. Those that we buy now we plug in and forget—except when the power goes out. Engineering brought us indoor environmental systems that operate so well and are so well hidden that one might think heating or cooling were nothing more than a thermostat on the wall. From impossible dream to luxury, and finally to necessity, refrigerators and air conditioners were indeed a feat of modern technical alchemy that made our lives better.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Vakhrushev, Alexander, Aleksey Fedotov, Vladimir Boian, Roman Morari, and Anatolie Sidorenko. "Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (November 24, 2020): 1776–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.160.

Full text

Abstract:

This work is a study of the formation processes and the effect of related process parameters of multilayer nanosystems and devices for spintronics. The model system is a superconducting spin valve, which is a multilayer structure consisting of ferromagnetic cobalt nanolayers separated by niobium superconductor nanolayers. The aim was to study the influence of the main technological parameters including temperature, concentration and spatial distribution of deposited atoms over the nanosystem surface on the atomic structure and morphology of the nanosystem. The studies were carried out using the molecular dynamics method using the many-particle potential of the modified embedded-atom method. In the calculation process the temperature was controlled using the Nose–Hoover thermostat. The simulation of the atomic nanolayer formation was performed by alternating the directional deposition of different composition layers under high vacuum and stationary temperature conditions. The structure and thickness of the formed nanolayers and the distribution of elements at their interfaces were studied. The alternating layers of the formed nanosystem and their interfaces are shown to have significantly different atomic structures depending on the main parameters of the deposition process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ahn, Jonghoon. "Performance Analyses of Temperature Controls by a Network-Based Learning Controller for an Indoor Space in a Cold Area." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208515.

Full text

Abstract:

For the sustainable use of building spaces, various methods have been studied to satisfy specific conditions required by the characteristics of space types and the energy use in operation. However, several effective control approaches adopting the latest statistical tools may have problems such as higher control precision increases energy consumption, or lower energy consumption decreases their control precision. This study proposes an optimized model to reach the indoor set-point temperature by controlling the amount of heating supply air and its temperature and investigates the efficiency of an adaptive controller to maintain indoor thermal comfort within setting ranges. In the consistency of the comfort level, the fuzzy logic controller was found to be 1.76% and the artificial neural network controller to be 17.83%, respectively, more efficient than the conventional thermostat. In addition, for energy use efficiency, both of the controllers were confirmed to be over 3.0% more efficient. Consequently, the network-based controller with the adaptive controller checking comfort levels effectively works to improve both energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This improvement can be significant in places such as commercial high-rises, large hospitals, and data centers where many spaces are intensively woven with appropriate thermal environments to maintain users’ workability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Burns and, Daniel, and Thomas G. Sugar. "Rapid Embedded Programming in the Mathworks Environment." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1519836.

Full text

Abstract:

New, commercially available, automatic, code-generation tools are used in teaching and lab exercises to progress from controller design, to simulation, and finally to implementation on mechanical hardware. An embedded computing system consists of a dedicated, digital, electronic-processor that controls a system that interacts with the environment. Case studies highlighting a force-feedback joystick and motor servo control with encoder feedback are presented to illustrate laboratory exercises that teach mechanical engineering students hardware-in-the-loop control system design. Using these software tools, design iterations and multiple controllers are quickly simulated and downloaded to the actual hardware.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Goodman, Sara Wallace, and Thomas B. Pepinsky. "The Exclusionary Foundations of Embedded Liberalism." International Organization 75, no. 2 (2021): 411–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818320000478.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAnalyses of embedded liberalism have focused overwhelmingly on trade in goods and capital, to the exclusion of migration. We argue that much as capital controls were essential components of the embedded liberal compromise, so too were restrictions on the democratic and social rights of labor migrants. Generous welfare programs in labor-receiving countries thrived alongside inclusionary immigration policies, but this balanced arrangement was only tenable if migrants were politically excluded in their destination countries. That is, embedded liberalism abroad rested on exclusionary political foundations at home. In bringing together the IPE literature on the “globalization trilemma” with the comparative politics of citizenship, we provide a novel account of how embedded liberalism worked politically, with implications for current debates about the fate of the liberal order in a time of populist resurgence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Li, Jing, Huan Guo Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xi Guo, and Fan He. "Research on Hardware Security of Embedded System in Cloud Environment." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1480.

Full text

Abstract:

Cloud computing is an important innovation of current computing models. At present, the research on the security of cloud computing is mainly concentrated on PCs and servers. The security of embedded system in cloud environment does not win enough attention. This paper analysis the security threats of it, and proposes a Secure Hardware Model to provide a tamper-resistant and more reliable hardware embedded platform in cloud environment. Our model adds some new components to traditional embedded system, controls the start sequence of platform’s components, verifies the integrity of crucial information for embedded platform and recovers the system if necessary. Our implementation demonstrates the feasibility of Secure Hardware Model, it enhance the secure and reliable boot of embedded system. With the constant development and application of embedded system in cloud computing field, our research will influence cloud computing greatly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Yoon, Sung Hoon, and Jonghoon Ahn. "Comparative Analysis of Energy Use and Human Comfort by an Intelligent Control Model at the Change of Season." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226023.

Full text

Abstract:

For improving control methods in the thermal environment, various algorithms have been studied to satisfy the specific conditions required by the characteristics of building spaces and to reduce the energy consumed in operation. In this research, a network-based learning control equipped with an adaptive controller is proposed to investigate the control performance for supply air conditions with maintaining the levels of indoor thermal comfort. In order to examine its performance, the proposed model is compared to two different models in terms of the patterns of heating and cooling energy use and the characteristics of operational signals and overshoots. As a result, the energy efficiency of the proposed control has been slightly decreased due to the energy consumption increased by precise controls, but the thermal comfort has improved by about 10.7% more than a conventional thermostat and by about 19.8% more than a deterministic control, respectively. This result can contribute to the reduction of actual installation and maintenance costs by reducing the operating time of dampers and the energy use of heating coils without compromising indoor thermal comfort.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Jammalamadaka, Sastry Kodanda Rama, Valluru Sai Kumar Reddy, and Smt J Sasi Bhanu. "Networking Heterogeneous Microcontroller based Systems through Universal Serial Bus." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i5.pp992-1002.

Full text

Abstract:

Networking heterogeneous embedded systems is a challenge. Every distributed embedded systems requires that the network is designed specifically considering the heterogeneity that exits among different Microcontroller based systems that are used in developing a distributed embedded system. Communication architecture, which considers the addressing of the individual systems, arbitration, synchronisation, error detection and control etc., needs to be designed considering a specific application. The issue of configuring the slaves has to be addressed. It is also important that the messages, flow of the messages across the individual ES systems must be designed. Every distributed embedded system is different and needs to be dealt with separately. This paper presents an approach that addresses various issues related to networking distributed embedded systems through use of universal serial bus communication protocol (USB). The approach has been applied to design a distributed embedded that monitors and controls temperatures within a Nuclear reactor system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Levy, Yagil. "Who Controls the Israeli Policing Army?" Israel Studies Review 35, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2020.350205.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the 2000s, a fundamental structural change has led to the development of two armies within the IDF. In co-existence with the ‘official’ army, a ‘policing’ force has emerged in the West Bank. Ostensibly subordinated to political authority, it has evolved into a quasi-militia force, enacting policies that often deviate from the official line. The question of who controls this policing army is central to this article. I argue that this policing army, unlike the official army, is controlled by a matrix rather than a hierarchical structure. Characterized by a web of mostly extra-military mechanisms, it is embedded within the civilian communities of the Jewish settlers, and this embeddedness shapes the form of control by creating several control mechanisms. Therefore, this policing army is only partially controlled by the official echelon of command.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Adam, George K., Panagiotis A. Kontaxis, Lambros T. Doulos, Evangelos-Nikolaos D. Madias, Constantinos A. Bouroussis, and Frangiskos V. Topalis. "Embedded Microcontroller with a CCD Camera as a Digital Lighting Control System." Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010033.

Full text

Abstract:

Although with the advent of the LEDs the energy consumption in buildings can be reduced by 50%, there exists a potential for energy savings due to lighting controls. Moreover, lighting controls can ensure that the near zero energy requirements by EU can be achieved for near zero energy buildings (nZEBs). For this reason, more sophisticated lighting controls must be proposed in order to take full advantage of LEDs and their flexibility concerning dimming. This paper proposes the architecture of an embedded computer camera controller for monitoring and management of image data, which is applied in various control cases, and particularly in digitally controlled lighting devices. The proposed system deals with real-time monitoring and management of a GigE camera input. An in-house developed algorithm using MATLAB enables the identification of areas in luminance values. The embedded microcontroller is part of a complete lighting control system with an imaging sensor in order to measure and control the illumination of several working areas of a room. The power consumption of the proposed lighting system was measured and was compared with the power consumption of a typical photosensor. The functional performance and operation of the proposed camera control system architecture was evaluated based upon a BeagleBone Black microcontroller board.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Taoufiki, Meryem, Hanae Chabba, Driss Dafir, Abderrahim Barroug, Mustapha Boulghallat, and Ahmed Jouaiti. "Atomistic Investigation Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation of τ4-Al3FeSi2 and τ12-Al3Fe2Si Phases under Tensile Deformation." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 61 (July 25, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0xoa4x.

Full text

Abstract:

Aluminum-Iron-Silicon (Al-Fe-Si) alloys are extremely applied in many specific industries, such as aerospace and automobiles. Their atomic concentration influences the mechanical behavior of the investigated τ4-Al3Fe2Si and τ12-Al3FeSi2 phases. The uniaxial-tensile deformation is used to compare their structural evolution under the same conditions.Atomic displacement and mechanical behavior have an interest in the elastic and plastic areas. Stress-Strain responses and Radial Distribution Function (RDF) are required. Further, atomic simulations using molecular dynamics demonstrate the change occurs. Its process is carried out at a strain rate of 21×1010 s-1 using the NPT (isothermal-isobaric) with roughly 20 700 atoms at a pressure of 105 Pa. Furthermore, using a Nosée Hoover thermostat at the temperature of 300 k is decisive.The Modified Embedded Atoms Method (MEAM) is the applied potential between Al, Fe, and Si atoms. The elastic modulus and single pair atomic correlation before and after straining are increased by this method. The atomic correlations are shown in short- and long-range order and the τ12-Al3Fe2Si phase illustrates stronger properties compared to τ4-Al3Fe2Si phase. Our results underscore an important variation associated with the change of iron and silicon concentration. More specifics are covered in the selection paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ali, Wahied G., and Gihan Nagib. "Embedded Control Design for Insulin Pump." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2399.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the design of an embedded control system for insulin pump. The insulin pump is an integrated component in any closed loop insulin delivery system for type 1 diabetes. The pump consists of three main components: micro-needles, insulin reservoir(syringe), and piezoelectric (PZT) linear servo motor. The actuated syringe has an injection back pressure that resists the linear motion of the driving PZT motor. This back pressure acts as a disturbance and leads to in accurate position and consequently an imprecise insulin dosage. Therefore, a highly precise positioning control on the pump is required to control the insulin dosage and to maintain the blood glucose level in its safe range. The proposed controller is designed using fuzzy logic as a nonlinear controller to compensate any non-modeled nonlinear ities in the system.The embedded controller for the PZT motor can be implemented using FPGA or microcontroller chip. This controller acts as a slave and responds to its master controller which controls the complete closed loop insulin delivery system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sastry, J. K. R., and M. Lakshmi Prasad. "Testing embedded system through optimal mining technique (OMT) based on multi-input domain." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp2141-2151.

Full text

Abstract:

Testing embedded systems must be done carefully particularly in the significant regions of the embedded systems. Inputs from an embedded system can happen in multiple order and many relationships can exist among the input sequences. Consideration of the sequences and the relationships among the sequences is one of the most important considerations that must be tested to find the expected behavior of the embedded systems. On the other hand combinatorial approaches help determining fewer test cases that are quite enough to test the embedded systems exhaustively. In this paper, an Optimal Mining Technique that considers multi-input domain which is based on built-in combinatorial approaches has been presented. The method exploits multi-input sequences and the relationships that exist among multi-input vectors. The technique has been used for testing an embedded system that monitors and controls the temperature within the Nuclear reactors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Santos, Daniel Felipe, and Mario Alberto Rios. "Coordinated Robust Supplementary Controls in Embedded VSC-HVDC Lines for Damping Electromechanical Oscillations." International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 13, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/iree.v13i5.15762.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Carrieri, Claudia, Laura Cimatti, Marta Biagioli, Anne Beugnet, Silvia Zucchelli, Stefania Fedele, Elisa Pesce, et al. "Long non-coding antisense RNA controls Uchl1 translation through an embedded SINEB2 repeat." Nature 491, no. 7424 (October 14, 2012): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11508.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jammalamadaka, Sasi Bhanu, Vinaya Babu A, and Trimurthy P. "Implementing Syntax Evolution of Embedded Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i6.pp1525-1535.

Full text

Abstract:

Safety critical systems such as nuclear recator systems cannot be shutdown as restrating is a huge process and incurs heavy cost. The embedded systems which are used for monitoring and controlling the safety critival systems cannot be shut down as well. ES systems which drives safety critical systems must be communicated from remote locations generally through a HOST connected on to Internet. Communication between the HOST and ES system is done using commnd lanaguage which has to be evolved from time to time. The chnage to the commnd lanauage must be undertaken while the embedded system is up and running, the evolution thus must be dynamic. Many architetcuers have been propsoed in the lieteratuer for evolving synatx of command lanaguage.The implemntaion of effcient architetcuer as such has not been found in the literatuer without which existing architetcuer as such has no menaing.The paper presntes a set of methods using which the syntax evolution of embedded systems as such can be achived. The synatx evolution methods have been applied to a safety critical system that monitors and controls tempartuers within a Nuclear recator system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Vejendla, Swathi, and Dr M. Kamaraju. "FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENT EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v3i1b.2750.

Full text

Abstract:

Now a days, Technology is veryimportant in daily life. In the offices, theusage of electronic appliances is increasingrapidly. So the demand for power is alsoincreasing. The power demand can be metupto some extent by reducing powerwastage. The proposed system reducespower wastage by switching off theelectrical appliances when not in use. Theproposed system controls the appliancesautomatically based on the need and isimplemented on FPGA in Xilinx platformusing Verilog HDL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Hao, Hong Qi, and Ming Li Song. "The Application of RFID Technology in Development Embedded Systems." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.333.

Full text

Abstract:

A complete set of RFID system is composed of two parts by Reader and Transponder grounds of the action principle Reader launch of unlimited radio waves of a specific frequency energy to Transponder, to drive Transponder circuit ID Code sent internally. Part of the embedded system software is including the operating system software (requires real-time and multi-tasking operation) and application programming. The operating system controls the application programming and hardware interaction, and the application to control the operation and behavior of the system. The paper presents the application of RFID technology in development embedded systems. The experiment shows RFID is superior to ARM in building embedded system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ahmad, Imtiaz, Taslima Akter, Zachary Buher, Rosta Farzan, Apu Kapadia, and Adam J. Lee. "Tangible Privacy for Smart Voice Assistants: Bystanders' Perceptions of Physical Device Controls." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555089.

Full text

Abstract:

Smart voice assistants such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home are becoming increasingly pervasive in our everyday environments. Despite their benefits, their miniaturized and embedded cameras and microphones raise important privacy concerns related to surveillance and eavesdropping. Recent work on the privacy concerns of people in the vicinity of these devices has highlighted the need for 'tangible privacy', where control and feedback mechanisms can provide a more assured sense of whether the camera or microphone is 'on' or 'off'. However, current designs of these devices lack adequate mechanisms to provide such assurances. To address this gap in the design of smart voice assistants, especially in the case of disabling microphones, we evaluate several designs that incorporate (or not) tangible control and feedback mechanisms. By comparing people's perceptions of risk, trust, reliability, usability, and control for these designs in a between-subjects online experiment (N=261), we find that devices with tangible built-in physical controls are perceived as more trustworthy and usable than those with non-tangible mechanisms. Our findings present an approach for tangible, assured privacy especially in the context of embedded microphones.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Sherif, Karma, Richard Pitre, and Mariatu Kamara. "Why do information system controls fail to prevent unethical behavior?" VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 46, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-04-2015-0028.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability of enterprise systems and embedded controls to prevent unethical behavior within organizations. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a case study to explore how the configuration of information technology (IT) controls within enterprise systems and their effectiveness in preventing unethical behavior is compromised by the tone at the top. Findings The study highlights the decisive role of cultural values and leadership in moderating the relationship between IT controls and unethical behavior and the realization that ethical environments are socially constructed not enforced. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this research is that the authors conducted one case study in an institution of higher education to refute the theory that IT controls embedded within enterprise systems can prevent unethical, and thus, the results may not be generalizable to other industries. Practical implications An important implication of the research is that the configuration of information system controls is affected by the organizational culture and the ethical values embraced by top management. When the tone at the top does not emphasize the ethical code of conduct, the configuration of IT controls will be compromised leaving organizations vulnerable at all levels. Originality/value Although the authors have a wealth of knowledge on ethics and theories that explain why unethical decision-making continue to surface to the headlines, they have little explanation as to why enterprise systems fail to stop unethical behavior in organizations. This study explores technical, organizational and individual factors that contribute to unethical decision-making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Grimaldi, Andrea, Alessandro Sergi, and Antonino Messina. "Evolution of a Non-Hermitian Quantum Single-Molecule Junction at Constant Temperature." Entropy 23, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020147.

Full text

Abstract:

This work concerns the theoretical description of the quantum dynamics of molecular junctions with thermal fluctuations and probability losses. To this end, we propose a theory for describing non-Hermitian quantum systems embedded in constant-temperature environments. Along the lines discussed in [A. Sergi et al., Symmetry 10 518 (2018)], we adopt the operator-valued Wigner formulation of quantum mechanics (wherein the density matrix depends on the points of the Wigner phase space associated to the system) and derive a non-linear equation of motion. Moreover, we introduce a model for a non-Hermitian quantum single-molecule junction (nHQSMJ). In this model the leads are mapped to a tunneling two-level system, which is in turn coupled to a harmonic mode (i.e., the molecule). A decay operator acting on the two-level system describes phenomenologically probability losses. Finally, the temperature of the molecule is controlled by means of a Nosé-Hoover chain thermostat. A numerical study of the quantum dynamics of this toy model at different temperatures is reported. We find that the combined action of probability losses and thermal fluctuations assists quantum transport through the molecular junction. The possibility that the formalism here presented can be extended to treat both more quantum states (∼10) and many more classical modes or atomic particles (∼103−105) is highlighted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Klein, Rupert, and Luigi Delle Site. "Derivation of Liouville-like equations for the n-state probability density of an open system with thermalized particle reservoirs and its link to molecular simulation." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, no. 15 (March 15, 2022): 155002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac578f.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A physico-mathematical model of open systems proposed in a previous paper (Delle Site and Klein 2020 J. Math. Phys. 61 083102) can represent a guiding reference in designing an accurate simulation scheme for an open molecular system embedded in a reservoir of energy and particles. The derived equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are obtained without assuming the action of an external source of heat that assures thermodynamic consistency of the open system with respect to a state of reference. However, in numerical schemes the temperature in the reservoir must be controlled by an external heat bath otherwise thermodynamic consistency cannot be achieved. In this perspective, the question to address is whether the explicit addition of an external heat bath in the theoretical model modifies the equations of the open system and its boundary conditions. In this work we consider this aspect and explicitly describe the evolution of the reservoir employing the Bergmann–Lebowitz statistical model of thermostat. It is shown that the resulting equations for the open system itself are not affected by this change and an example of numerical application is reviewed where the current result shows its conceptual relevance. Finally, a list of pending mathematical and modelling problems is discussed the solution of which would strengthen the mathematical rigour of the model and offer new perspectives for the further development of a new multiscale simulation scheme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Subpratatsavee, Puchong, Peeyawal Kuha, and Peerapon Pudtuan. "Embedded Wireless Automatically Watering Plants Using UAV." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.961.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper is intended to study and develop embedded systems for use in controlling the operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UVA) to work effectively under automatic control system. As well as to design flight control 4 blades, which uses an ATmega328 microcontroller controls the four motors and fly under equilibrium conditions. The embedded system is defined boundary conditions for UAV to suit the operation of the UAV. The Wi-Fi signal is used to transmit data in order to bring the instruction set processor to control the operation of UAV and displayed to the user immediately. Operation of the UAV based on the conditions that were set by the user to suit the scope of work that user need. Nowadays, high technology machines and robots for use in agriculture is very much in some areas. In order to reduce the work of human and still operates efficiently as well. Thus was born the idea to put apply including embedded systems and robotics in order to be used in agriculture to function effectively. Appropriate to the environment and work under human control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Wang, Weimin, Jian Zhang, Michael R. Brambley, and Benjamin Futrell. "Performance Simulation and Analysis of Occupancy-Based Control for Office Buildings with Variable-Air-Volume Systems." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 3756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153756.

Full text

Abstract:

Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems are used in many office buildings. The minimum airflow rate setting of VAV terminal boxes has a significant impact on both energy consumption and indoor air quality. Conventional controls usually have the terminal’s minimum airflow rate at a constant (e.g., 30% or more of the terminal design airflow rate), irrespective of the occupancy status, which may cause problems, such as excessive simultaneous heating and cooling, under ventilation, and thermal comfort issues. This paper examines the potential of energy savings from occupancy-based controls (OBCs). The sensed occupancy information, either occupant presence or people count, is used to determine the airflow rate of terminal boxes, the thermostat setpoints, and the lighting control. Using EnergyPlus, a whole-building energy modeling software, the energy savings of OBC strategies are evaluated for representative existing medium office buildings in the U.S. The simulation results show that the conventional OBC, based on occupant presence sensing, can save 8% of whole-building energy use in Miami (hot climate) for systems without air-side economizer and about 13% in both Baltimore (mixed climate) and Chicago (cold climate). Comparatively, the advanced OBC, based on people counting, can save 8% in Miami to 23% in Baltimore for systems with economizers. The outdoor-air fraction of the supply air from air-handling units significantly affects the potential energy savings from the advanced OBC strategy. In addition to energy savings, the advanced OBC satisfies the zone ventilation during all occupied hours over the whole year.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Marino, Stefania, and Judith Roosblad. "Migration and trade unions. A comparison between Dutch and Italian trade union actions and strategies." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 14, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890801400408.

Full text

Abstract:

Migration, whether regular or irregular, is on the increase, despite the general spread of restrictive immigration policies at both national and EU level and the intensification of national border controls. However, its features and the ways in which actors deal with it differ by country, depending on national circumstances. In this article we examine the strategies and actions of Dutch and Italian trade unions towards both regular and irregular migration. The main aim is to underline the influence of both external (context embedded) and internal (union embedded) factors on trade unions' attitudes and responses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Embedded Controls and Thermostat'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles