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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Oram, Yvonne. "Older women in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1778/.

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This thesis explores the presentation of older women on stage from 1558-1625, establishing that the character is predominantly pictured within the domestic sphere, as wife, mother, stepmother or widow. Specific dramatic stereotypes for these roles are identified, and compared and contrasted with historical material relating to older women. The few plays in which these stereotypes are subverted are fully examined. Stage nurse and bawd characters are also older women and this study reveals them to be imaged exclusively as matching stereotypes. Only four plays, Peele’s The Old Wives Tale, Fletcher’s Bonduca, and Antony and Cleopatra and The Winter’s Tale, by Shakespeare, reject stereotyping of the central older women. The Introduction sets out the methodology of this research, and Chapter 1 compares stage stereotyping of the older woman with evidence from contemporary sources. This research pattern is repeated in Chapters 2-4 on the older wife, mother and stepmother, and widow, and subversion of these stereotypes on stage is also considered. Chapter 5 reveals stereotypical stage presentation as our principal source of knowledge about the older nurse and bawd. Chapter 6 examines the subtle, yet comprehensive, rejection of the stereotypes. The Conclusion summarises the academic and ongoing cultural relevance of this thesis.

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2

Lucas, Caroline. "Writing for women : a study of woman as a reader in Elizabethan romance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328713.

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3

Stretton, Tim. "Women and litigation in the Elizabethan Court of Requests." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272548.

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4

Reid, Joshua S. "The Gender Dynamics of Ariosto’s Tales of Women in Elizabethan England." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3166.

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The most popular cantos from the Orlando Furioso in Elizabethan England center on the (in)fi delity of women. Cantos 5, 28, and 43 were appropriated, translated, or adapted in the following works: Peter Beverly’s Historie of Ariodanto and Jenevra, Sir John Harington’s Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, Thomas Lodge’s Catharos, “The Squire of Dames’s Tale” in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene, Robert Greene’s The Historie of Orlando Furioso, Robert Tofte’s Two Tales, translated out of Ariosto, and William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing. No other cantos from the Orlando Furioso received this amount of literary attention in England, and this paper will explore why these writers were fi xated on these particular episodes, and how they transferred the embedded gender dynamics of these tales from the context of the Este court to their target culture.

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5

Smith, Rosalind. "Gender, genre and reception : sonnet sequences attributed to women, 1560-1621." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363677.

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6

Warnock, Jeanie. "Heroic but unchaste: Thomas Kyd's Bel-imperia and traditional Elizabethan conceptions of women." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7780.

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7

Scarsi, Selene. "Translating women : female figures in Elizabethan versions of three Italian Renaissance epic poems." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16868.

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8

French, Sara Lillian. "Women, space, and power : the building and use of Hardwick Hall in Elizabethan England /." Online version via UMI:, 2000.

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9

Kitamura, Sae. "The role of women in the canonisation of Shakespeare : from Elizabethan theatre to the Shakespeare Jubilee." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-women-in-the-canonisation-of-shakespeare(7af8035a-91ae-4b30-9b84-6208340c7448).html.

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The aim of this thesis is to clarify the role that female interpreters in Britain played at an early stage in the canonisation of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare, one of the popular playwrights in English Renaissance theatre, became increasingly famous during the first half of the eighteenth century, and the Shakespeare Jubilee in 1769 marked the climax of the popularisation of his works. It is said that since then, he has maintained his position as the ‘national poet’ of England (or Britain). Although women had supported Shakespeare even before his works had established their canonical status, the extent to which female interpreters contributed to the canonisation of Shakespeare, how they participated in the process, and why they played the roles that they did have not yet been sufficiently visible. In this thesis, I illustrate women’s engagement in the process of the popularisation of Shakespeare by examining the early reception of his works, and to document how individual women’s pleasure of reading and playgoing relates to their intellectual activities. I adopt three approaches to provide answers to my research questions in this thesis: reading critical and fictional works by women; analysing the descriptions of female readers and playgoers by male writers; and conducting a large-scale survey of the ownership history of pre-mid-eighteenth-century printed books of Shakespeare’s plays. This thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, I analyse women’s engagement with theatre in Renaissance England, and consider Shakespeare’s popularity amongst them based on records about female audiences. The second chapter discusses female readers and writers in Renaissance England and their responses to Shakespeare’s works. Chapter 3 focuses on Restoration Shakespeare and female interpreters from 1642 to 1714. The fourth chapter discusses women’s playgoing, play-reading, writings, and their participation from the early eighteenth century to the Shakespeare Jubilee in 1769.

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10

Slowe, Martha. "In defense of her sex : women apologists in early Stuart letters." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39756.

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This study explores the problem of female defense in relation to the constitution of women as disempowered speaking subjects within the dominant rhetorical structures of early Stuart literature. The discourse of male rhetoricians defines a subordinate place for women in the order of language. The English formal controversy arguments over the nature of women in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries similarly deploy tropes of male precedence and female subordination to restrain women in the symbolic order and to inhibit any form of female discourse. In order to construct an effective defense a female apologist must reconstitute herself by working within and subverting these constraints. Early Stuart drama provides numerous instances in which women confront and contest the pre-established limits for female speech in their efforts to defend themselves and/or their sex. However, in the dramas selected for this scrutiny, despite the forceful defense strategies that female characters use in their attempts to negotiate their negative positions in language, they are ultimately marginalized. My final chapter therefore examines the rhetorical strategies whereby in her life and writing one woman author, Elizabeth Cary, successfully appropriated and transformed the gendered tropes into compelling female defenses.

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11

Hill, Alexandra. "BLOUDY TYGRISSES": MURDEROUS WOMEN IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH DRAMA AND POPULAR LITERATURE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2281.

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This thesis examines artistic and literary images of murderous women in popular print published in sixteenth and seventeenth-century England. The construction of murderous women in criminal narratives, published between 1558 and 1625 in pamphlet, ballad, and play form, is examined in the context of contemporary historical records and cultural discourse. Chapter One features a literature review of the topic in recent scholarship. Chapter Two, comprised of two subsections, discusses representations of early modern women in contemporary literature and criminal archives. The subsections in Chapter Two examine early modern treatises, sermons, and essays concerning the nature of women, the roles and responsibilities of wives and mothers, and debates about marriage, as well as a review of women tried for murder in the Middlesex assize courts between 1558 and 1625. Chapter Three, comprised of four subsections, engages in critical readings of approximately 52 pamphlets, ballads, and plays published in the same period. Individual subsections discuss how traitorous wives, murderous mothers, women who murder in their communities, and punishment and redemption are represented in the narratives. Woodcut illustrations printed in these texts are also examined, and their iconographic contributions to the construction of bad women is discussed. Women who murder in these texts are represented as consummately evil creatures capable of inflicting terrible harm to their families and communities, and are consistently discovered, captured, and executed by their communities for their heinous crimes. Murderous women in early modern popular literature also provided a means for contemporary men and women to explore, confront, and share in the depths of sin, while anticipating their own spiritual salvation. Pamphlets, plays, and broadsides related bawdy, graphic, and violent stories that allow modern readers a glimpse of the popular culture and mental world of Renaissance England.
M.A.
Department of Liberal and Interdisciplinary Studies
Graduate Studies;
Interdisciplinary Studies MA

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12

Croft, Lyndsay Marie. "Some Women Love to Struggle : A Cultural and Critical Analysis of Dramatic Representations of Rape in the Late Elizabethan and Jacobean Periods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504681.

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Taking a feminist-historicist approach, this thesis analyses representations of rape in the period 1575-1625, drawing on recent work by Chaytor, Baines, Catty, and Bashar. It explores questions of gender, national identity, and the nature of speech. It considers the impact of changes made to the law in the late Elizbabethan period that attempted to define rape as a crime of sexual violation (differing from the medieval definition as a property crime), and assesses whether the result of this was to give more authority to the female voice, or whether rape remained a means of silencing. It investigates how Renaissance constructions of masculinity and femininity relate to the presentation of rapist and 'victim', and it also identifies a trend of using conquering, war language to refer to rape in plays, even when rape is not a central theme. Early-modern legal texts by Lambarde and Dalton, and conduct book literature are used to place the plays in their cultural context. The plays range from the well-known (Shakespeare's TilliS Androniclis and Marlowe's Tambllrlaine) to the more obscure (Peele's David and Bethsabe and Marston's The Tragedy of Sophonisba). The thesis contributes to knowledge by offering original arguments on a range of plays (some so little-read that there are no modern editions, such as The Maid in the Mill and All's Lost by LllSt) and legal texts. The scope of the project and the way in which it draws together cultural, historical, legal and dramatic material to offer both depth and breadth in its arguments, makes it an authority on the presentation of rape in Renaissance drama. Importantly, it stimulates new debates about much discussed plays such as TilliS Androniclis and Tambllrlaine, offering new perspectives, particularly on the presentation ofwomen and female speech.

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13

Rumbold, Kate Louise. "All the men and women merely players : quoting Shakespeare in the mid-eighteenth-century novel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670136.

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14

Reynolds, Paige Martin. "Reforming Ritual: Protestantism, Women, and Ritual on the Renaissance Stage." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5439/.

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My dissertation focuses on representations of women and ritual on the Renaissance stage, situating such examples within the context of the Protestant Reformation. The renegotiation of the value, place, and power of ritual is a central characteristic of the Protestant Reformation in early modern England. The effort to eliminate or redirect ritual was a crucial point of interest for reformers, for most of whom the corruption of religion seemed bound to its ostentatious and idolatrous outer trappings. Despite the opinions of theologians, however, receptivity toward the structure, routine, and familiarity of traditional Catholicism did not disappear with the advent of Protestantism. Reformers worked to modify those rituals that were especially difficult to eradicate, maintaining some sense of meaning without portraying confidence in ceremony itself. I am interested in how early Protestantism dealt with the presence of elements (in worship, daily practice, literary or dramatic representation) that it derogatorily dubbed popish, and how women had a particular place of importance in this dialogue. Through the drama of Shakespeare, Webster, and Middleton, along with contemporary religious and popular sources, I explore how theatrical representations of ritual involving women create specific sites of cultural and theological negotiation. These representations both reflect and resist emerging attitudes toward women and ritual fashioned by Reformation thought, granting women a particular authority in the spiritual realm.

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15

Hirsch, Brett Daniel. "Werewolves and women with whiskers : figures of estrangement in early modern English drama and culture." University of Western Australia. English and Cultural Studies Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0175.

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Each chapter of Werewolves and Women with Whiskers: Figures of Estrangement in Early Modern English Drama and Culture explores a particular figure of fascination and fear in the early modern English imagination: in one it is owls, in another bearded women, in a third werewolves, and in yet another Jews. Drawing on instances from drama and other cultural forms, this thesis seeks to examine each of these phenomena in terms of their estrangement. There is a symbolic appositeness in each of these figures, whether in estranged and estranging minority groups, such as Catholics, Jesuits, Jews, Puritans, Italians, the Irish, and the Scots; or in transgressive behaviours, such as cross-dressing and gender trouble, infidelity and apostasy, intemperate passion and unnatural desire. Essentially unfixed and unstable, these emblematic figures are indicative of cultural uncertainty and therefore are easily adapted to suit changing political, religious, and social climates. However, adaptability and fluidity come at a price, since figures of difference have an uncomfortable way of transforming themselves into figures of resemblance. Thus, this thesis argues, each of these figuresowls, bearded women, werewolves, Jewsoccupies an undefined and undefinable space on the precarious boundary between the usual and the unusual, between the strange and the strangely familiar, and, most strangely and paradoxically of all, between us and them.

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16

Emanuel, Elizabeth F. "An examination of embodied female identity in contemporary crime fiction by women writers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98017/5/Elizabeth%20Emanuel%20Exegesis.pdf.

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This practice-based dissertation explores issues relating to women's identity and embodiment within the framework of the crime fiction novel and contends that the genre offers women writers the opportunity to question, undermine, and redirect existing values related to the construction of the female image.

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17

Sowards, Heather M. "Mad, Bad, and Well Read: An Examination of Women Readers and Education in the Novels of Mary Elizabeth Braddon." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1377080923.

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18

Tanner, Jane Hinkle. "Sharing the Light: Feminine Power in Tudor and Stuart Comedy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278551/.

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Studies of the English Renaissance reveal a patriarchal structure that informed its politics and its literature; and the drama especially demonstrates a patriarchal response to what society perceived to be the problem of women's efforts to grow beyond the traditional medieval view of "good" women as chaste, silent, and obedient. Thirteen comedies, whose creation spans roughly the same time frame as the pamphlet wars of the so-called "woman controversy," from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries, feature women who have no public power, but who find opportunities for varying degrees of power in the private or domestic setting.

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19

Hulett, Elizabeth McLenigan. "Elizabeth Drinker's Revolution." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063430/.

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20

Sait, Shaabiera. "An anthropological investigation on the marginalization of women in sport: the case of women soccer in Gelvandale." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10773.

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During the Apartheid era in South Africa, women were marginalized from sport. The ability to participate in sport in South Africa is inherently linked to the political history of the country. Sport played a dynamic role in the struggle against the diabolical system of apartheid in South Africa and has a powerful role to play in the transformation and nation building of South Africa. Women have made great strides in sport in recent years in South Africa. However, at times we find that there is unfair media coverage. The unfair coverage of women’s sport displays gender based attitudes which systematically disadvantage women’s position in society. Women’s participation in sport has grown dramatically but despite this growth coverage of women in sport remains inferior. This research study investigated the marginalization of women in soccer in the Gelvandale area, Port Elizabeth. The objective of this study is to investigate if women are being marginalised in Gelvandale where soccer is concern as well as determining the meaning of gender inequality from an anthropological perspective within the context of soccer in the Gelvandale area. Further, to contribute within the anthropology of soccer in South Africa particularly in the Eastern Cape Province and to come up with recommendations that will contribute towards improvement of soccer in Gelvandale and beyond.

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21

Heywood, Shari A. "Elizabeth Kee a clarion voice of and for the people of southern West Virginia 1951-1964 /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=652.

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Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi 172 p. including illustrations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-172).

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22

Wambera, Judith (Judith Ann) Carleton University Dissertation English. "Women and place(edness) in the fiction of Elizabeth Spencer." Ottawa, 1993.

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23

King, Amy. ""Freedom in working" : representations of working women in Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton, Ruth, and North and South /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131559899.pdf.

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24

Curlin, Jane Renee. "Writing women feminine self-figuration in the work of Elizabeth Gaskell /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9318169.

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25

Kildare, Kathleen. "A women for all seasons : Lady Elizabeth Lowther of Ackworth Park /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ark481.pdf.

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26

Sakamoto, Kumiko. "Queen Elizabeth's doubles? : women and power in the late plays of Shakespeare." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393783.

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27

Sihlwayi, Nancy Nomadewuka. "The role of women in develpmental local government: a case study of the Wells Estate area in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020111.

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The study investigates the role of women in development which is a favourite topic of the researcher. It investigates some aspects of the process of development involving women. It is obvious that the research was provoked by the legal framework directed at the transformation agenda that represents the democratic process of the country. The role of women, in other sectors, who were excluded from issues of community management, politics and government of the country, became obvious for the researcher due to their strategic role in society which is being undermined. The above view poses the challenge of power-sharing with men. This constituted a huge challenge that emanated from a stereotypical perspective and the fear of the unknown. Considerable pieces of legislation, policies, convention resolutions, conferences and publications became catalysts to intervene in the traditional challenge based on the societal construction. This, to the researcher, presents a clear historical anomaly where government has to address all the streamlining and implementation of policies. There should be sustainability through an Integrated Development Plan. The aim of the historical background of women, as envisaged by the study, is to highlight a contextualised role of women in the development of the transformation process and investigate numerous reasons that impede participation and the readiness of government in addressing these issues. Some questions that the researcher had to as relate to; What the impediments causing non-participation of women are; What elements contribute to the participation of women; What government strategies have unlocked non-participation of women; Why women’s contribution is critical to development; What strategies are deployed by government for women’s involvement? What the socio-economic benefits of participation by women are. It is the researcher’s opinion that the municipality should be complimented on its endeavours. However, they need to establish a strategic programme for empowering women to participate in development as a human rights issue.

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28

Gibbs, Patricia Anne. "A social history of white working class women in industrializing Port Elizabeth, 1917-1936." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002395.

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The study period saw a significant increase in the urbanisation of whites and blacks in Port Elizabeth induced by droughts and coercive legislation, but also by burgeoning industrialisation. Industry had been given great stimulus by World War 1 and maintained by protectionist legislation in the 1920s which the local state and industrialists came to endorse. The ethos of the town was overwhelmingly British in terms of the population, the composition of the local council, business interests and the prevailing culture. Whites formed the largest component of the population in Port Elizabeth during the inter-war years. The majority of white women lived in the North End, the industrial hub and a major working class area of the city. Although the provision of housing was initially neglected, economic and subeconomic housing in the 1930s helped to create both racial separation and a sense of community between sectors of the working class. Yet, white working class women did not form a homogenous group, but rather consisted of different ethnic groups, occupations and classes. The Afrikaans speaking sector, formed a significant component of the industrial labour force especially in the leather, food and beverage and clothing industries. In a centre where white labour was favoured and marketed as an advantage to outside investors, they rapidly displaced coloured women. The female workforce was basically young, underpaid (especially in comparison to wages on the Rand) and temporary. While white women were still in evidence in other occupations such as domestic work and in the informal sector, their numbers here steadily diminished as both racial segregation and municipal regulation, were implemented. Against a background of chaotic social conditions, large slum areas and the spread of infectious diseases, the local council did much to improve health services particularly for women and children. Poor relief instituted in 1919 was, however, less forthcoming and female - headed households were often left to rely on the services of local welfare organisations. The extended family, however, was the norm affording support against atomization. Although pressurised by social ills throughout the period, the family was increasingly buttressed by state assistance. Prevailing morality was likewise actively constructed in terms of legislative repression and racial division. This often lead to social aberrations such as infanticide which was only reduced by the increase of state assistance and, in the longer term, social mobility of the whites.

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29

Bigold, Melanie Bian. "Women of letters, manuscript circulation and print afterlives in the eighteenth century : Elizabeth Rowe, Catharine Cockburn and Elizabeth Carter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440556.

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30

Ford, Anne-Marie. "Re (visionary) woman : the writings of Elizabeth Barstow Stoddard." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392831.

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31

Botha, Elizabeth Maria. "Psychological well-being and biological correlates in African women / Elizabeth M. Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1219.

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The aim of this study was to explore, from different perspectives, whether obesity related variables are associated with facets of psychological well-being, with a vision to future enhancement of health and the quality of life of people in the African context. This study was undertaken from the perspective of positive psychology and focused on the metabolic syndrome and obesity as biological facets. This research was conducted as part of the multidisciplinary POWIRS (Profiles of Obese Women with Insulin Resistance Syndrome) project. African (n=102) and Caucasian (1 15) women took part in a cross-sectional design. The thesis consists of 3 articles: I) Childhood relationships and bio-psycho-.gocia1 well-being in African women, 2) Psychological well-being and rhe metabolic syndrome in African and Caucasian women, and 3) Psychological wellbeing and (the absence of obesity in African and Caucasian women. In this study psychological well-being was conceptualized and operationalized by means of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29); Affectometer 2 (AFM) (short form); Fortitude Questionnaire (FORQ); Cognitive Appraisa1 Questionnaire (CAQ); Psychological Well-being Scales (SPWB); Quality of Childhood Relationship Questionnaire (QCR); Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS-H). These scales were chosen to include hedonic as well as eudaimonic psychological well-being facets, but also an index of psychological symptoms. As far as possible, scales with acceptable psychometric properties as described in international as well as South African context were selected. The first article focused on whether African women with a recalled higher level of quality of childhood relationships mould differ significantly with regard to biological, psychological and social well-being from women with a recalled lower level of quality of childhood relationships. Body mass index (BMI) was used as objective measure of obesity to operationalize physical health. Findings were that the recalled quality of childhood relationships is linked with obesity and psycho-social well-being in this group of African women. The second article focused on psychological well-being and (the absence of) the metabolic syndrome (MS). It explored the possible association between comprehensive psychological well-being and MS in different cultural contexts, and explored whether African and Caucasian women without MS markers and those with MS differ on specific indices of psychological well-being. The criteria of the NCEP ATPIII mere implemented to determine markers of MS, and the absence of markers of MS was used as measure of physical health. Findings were that an association is found in Caucasian women between comprehensive psychological well-being and the absence of the metabolic syndrome, but not in the case of African women. Caucasian women without metabolic syndrome markers had significantly higher levels of psycho-social wellbeing than uomen with the metabolic syndrome. but a less apparent pattern of differences emerged for African women. MS markers for African women should be further explored. The third article explored facets of psychological well-being as predictors for (the absence of) obesity (measured by BMI and WHR) in African and Caucasian women, and whether similar or different psychological well-being facets will emerge as predictors of obesity in different cultural contexts. Obesity was operationalized in terms of waist-hip-ratio (WHR) and body-mass-index (BMI). The finding was that clusters of psychological well-being facets are practical significant predictors of obesity (measured by BMI and WHR) and that these clusters differ in some respects for African and Caucasian women. It was concluded that, firstly. findings support holistic conceptualizations of health such as proposed by the WHO (1999). Secondly, it may be worthwhile to include facets of psychological well-being in already existing intervention programmes. The development of strengths that focus on life skills and behaviours related to positive interpersonal relationships, optimistic cognitive attributional styles, finding a sense of purpose and meaningfulness in life, may be particularly beneficial. Sensitivity for cultural contexts is indicated. In view of the increase in the occurrence of obesity in childhood and adolescence it is recommended that educational training programmes should be implemented early in life in order to facilitate protective strengths and to promote bio-psycho-social health in individuals and communities. Advocacy for more attention to psycho-social and protective factors in public health is needed.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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32

Knapp, Steven K. "Women in the 1929 Textile Strikes in Elizabethton, Tennessee and Gastonia, North Carolina." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3042.

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In southern labor history the role of women remains one of the most overlooked and misconstrued. Most works on the subject have relegated women to support roles within the labor movement or designated those who stood out as wild women. Through the use of existing works on the topic, interviews with strikers and witnesses, and contemporary newspaper articles, this thesis will show, in two case studies, of Elizabethton, Tennessee, and Gastonia, North Carolina, that women involved in the 1929 strikes were neither merely supporters nor wild women. They were instead the public faces of the textile labor movement and took major roles in the leadership, organization and course of their respective strikes. Like women before them, in the suffragist movement, and the early women’s labor movements in Lowell, Massachusetts and other northern mills, they acted at the confluence of competing forces and demands. Often characterized in the newspapers and popular mindset as mothers striking for better wages for their families and for better conditions, they couched their militancy in the language of motherhood, garnering public support for their unions and rousing outrage at the mistreatment directed toward them. The women in Elizabethton and Gastonia merged the new woman of the 1920s and the Victorian ideals of motherhood. Their fight reflected the tensions surrounding gender and labor which had arisen in the economic and cultural struggles of the 1920s South.

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33

Dobschuetz, Barbara Schindler. "A historical study of the religious factors in Frances Willard's development before 1874." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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34

Wörn, Alexandra Margret Belinda. "Woman-poet as theological : a study of Elizabeth Barrett Browning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614368.

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35

Sydhagen, Kristine. "Facets of human resource development on building female capacity in the African context : the case of Gqebera Township, Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/614.

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An empirical study of HRD, women, HIV and AIDS, and sustainable community development has been undertaken. Women make up approximately half of the population in the world. Taking this into account, there are many places where women do not have the same opportunities as their male counterparts. This is also true for most of Africa. Many people in Africa are deprived of basic education and often the majority of these are women. Even though the situation has improved for many girls and women in many areas, there is still a great deal that needs to be done in order to ensure equal opportunities for everyone within the labor market and society. In order to achieve this, it can be argued that sustainable development and sound human resource (HRD) policy implementation and strategies must be employed. HIV and AIDS damage society just as it does the human body: it begins by killing those parts responsible for building society: the women and breadwinners who sustain and look after the community as a whole. In this proposal, an outline of the structure of the dissertation will be given. The outline of four articles will be presented, as will the uniqueness and the similarities of the articles. For the purpose of this dissertation; different methodological research techniques will be employed according to the themes of the different articles in addition to the desired purpose of the research being conducted. Regarding the data collection, qualitative research will be used in the expectation of uncovering issues relating to women and HRD in Gqebera Township, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The need for skills development and training in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing in an area where unstable economies and high unemployment create challenges on many levels. Sub-Saharan Africa is faced with great poverty, skills migration, and HIV and AIDS, which are depleting the region of skilled workers in their prime working years. The region is facing numerous challenges in the development of skills and the ability to make use of the available human resources. It can be argued that the Sub-Saharan African region needs to increase the skilled labor pool and to develop communities. Perhaps most importantly, there is an urgent need for the region to face the impact of globalization on its own terms. This involves the fusion of African philosophy and management styles with the traditional Western theories with HRD strategies and policies that will be suitable for the developing economies in the region. Women in Africa face many difficult and complex situations in society, including difficulties entering the labor market. HIV and AIDS is a major challenge for South Africa and it brings people in the region much grief, sorrow and confusion as the rate of prevalence continues to rise. This article explores the social aspects of the HIV and AIDS pandemic in the communities and in the labor market and the extent to which women are affected on an individual, community and labor market level. HRD in relations to HIV and AIDS is examined in order to get an understanding of the role that HRD should play in the deprived South African communities that struggle to find resources to battle the social consequences of HIV and AIDS. An examination of feminist theory and HRD in Africa indicates the need to incorporate African feminism in the cause of advancing HRD theory. Because they are subject to multiple levels of discrimination, and because there are no country-specific policies to ensure their advancement, African women need to be protected from the patriarchal domination that prevails in the majority of African countries. Despite higher female involvement in African economies, they are denied opportunities and equal rights. If the development goals of Africa are to be achieved, HRD theory needs to incorporate both Western and African feminist theory, specifically related to gender inequalities that women experience in the realm of work. The level women’s understanding of sustainable development in Gqebera Township, South Africa is explored. Further the challenges and opportunities for sustainable HRD in the Sub-Saharan region is examined. Sub-Saharan African is facing numerous challenges including poverty, inequality, HIV and AIDS and high unemployment. All these factors are important to consider when planning HRD policies and strategies in the region. Sustainable development is a worldwide aim and on the agenda of many countries; especially the developing and least developed, the countries on the African continent. The conditions under and the degree to which women in Sub-Saharan Africa have been participating in the development process in the past have often not enabled them to fully develop their capacity in order to take part in the work towards sustainable development.

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Mazubane, Ewart Mphilisi. "A strategic entrepreneurial model to develop females for tourism related businesses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1188.

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Since the inception of the new dispensation, entrepreneurship has been identified as one of the key enablers of economic participation. For this reason the government has established strategic institutions and mandated them to promote entrepreneurship in the country with the aim of increasing economic participation and entrepreneurial activities. One of the key and the fastest growing industries that have been identified as needing attention with regards to increasing participation of the women entrepreneurs is the tourism industry. There is now a noticeable growth of women entrepreneurs in this industry. They are found running bed and breakfasts (B&Bs) and conducting tours in urban areas as well as townships and rural areas. This is further evident if one looks at the value chain in the tourism sector. However, women entrepreneurs that are found in this sector are facing specific challenges that hinder their progress towards achieving sustainable businesses, especially those running or intending to run B&B businesses. Some of these challenges are sector related and some are just inherent to pursuing an entrepreneurial journey. The participation of women in the mainstream of entrepreneurship presents unique challenges as well. Women were never allowed to participate fully in the entrepreneurial activities. The latter still contributes to the challenges faced by women in their journey towards developing and operating sustainable businesses irrespective of the industry in which they operate in. Based on the above discussion, the main problem statement of this study is: To develop a strategic entrepreneurial model to enable female entrepreneurs to operate sustainable B&B businesses in the tourism industry.

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Schoel, Gretchen Ferris. "In Pursuit of Possibility, Elizabeth Ellet and the Women of the American Revolution." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625717.

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CAPALDO, JENNIFER REBECCA. "ELIZABETH VERCOE: Composing Her Story." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1210798047.

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39

Dowd, Ann Karen. "Elizabeth Bishop: her Nova Scotian origins and the portable culture of home." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238427.

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40

Benitez, Michael Anthony. "The discursive limits of "carnal knowledge"| Re-reading rape in Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Restoration drama." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1598621.

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This thesis, by analyzing how rape is treated in William Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus (1592-3), Thomas Middleton and William Rowley’s The Changeling (1622), and Aphra Behn’s The Rover (1677), details how the early modern English theater frequently dramatizes the period’s problematic understanding of rape. These texts reveal the social and legal illegibility of rape, illuminating just how deeply ambivalent and inconsistent patriarchy is toward female sexuality. Both using and departing from a feminist critical tradition that emphasized rape as patriarchy’s sexual entrapment of women, my readings of the period’s legal treatises and other documents call attention to the ambiguity of how rape is defined in early modern England. As represented in these three plays, male rapists exploit the period’s paradoxical views of female sexual consent, thus complicating how raped women negotiate their social and legal status. The process of disclosing her violation ultimately places a raped woman in an untenable position.

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Peko, Samantha N. "Stunt Girls: Elizabeth Bisland, Nell Nelson, and Ada Patterson as Rivals to Nellie Bly." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1468945971.

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Villafranca, Brooke. "Fashioning the Domestic Ideology: Women and the Language of Fashion in the Works of Elizabeth Stoddard, Louisa May Alcott, and Elizabeth Keckley." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33208/.

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Women authors in mid to late nineteenth century American society were unafraid to shed the old domestic ideology and set new examples for women outside of racial and gender spheres. This essay focuses on the ways in which Elizabeth Stoddard's The Morgesons, Louisa May Alcott's Behind a Mask, and Elizabeth Keckley's Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House represent the function of fashion and attire in literature. Each author encourages readers to examine dress in a way that defies the typical domestic ideology of nineteenth century America. I want my readers to understand the role of fashion in literature as I progress through each work and ultimately show how each female author and protagonist set a new example for womanhood through their fashion choices.

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Swyderski, Ann. "Emily Dickinson and Elizabeth Barrett Browning : 'the outer - from the inner/derives its magnitude'." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323984.

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Mackenzie, Caleigh Simone. "A skills profile of female managers in the construction and engineering industry of Nelson Mandela Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2824.

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The male-dominated nature of the construction and engineering industries is a well-known phenomenon. This research provides insight into the skills required by female managers in order to manage successfully in these industries dominated by males. The primary purpose of this research is to identify the skills profile of female managers in the construction and engineering industry of Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). Even though the number of female managers in senior management positions is increasing, South Africa still has a long way to go before men and women are considered equal with regard to the roles that they play and the positions that they occupy in the work-place (Mail & Guardian Online, 2012: 1). Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the skills needed by female managers in the construction and engineering industry of NMB. This study attempts to provide answers to the following research questions: What are the management skills a manager should have? What is the skills profile of female managers in the construction and engineering sector of NMB? Is there a skills gap in the current literature? The literature overview was conducted on roles, functions and skills of managers as well as female managers in male-dominated industries from journals and books published between 2000 and 2014. Topics researched included the roles and functions of managers, generic management skills and industry-specific management skills, females as managers and leaders, barriers to managerial success for females, and the nature of the construction and engineering industries. Chapter four discusses the research design and methodology used in this study. The quantitative research approach was used in order to solve the main problem of this study. A non-probability sampling method was used for this study. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods were used. These methods seemed most appropriate given the small sample size, the fact that self-completion questionnaires were used to gather data from female managers, and the fact that the researcher investigated only the skills exhibited data. The Master Builders’ Association was contacted in order to identify respondents in construction. Respondents in engineering were identified using snowball sampling, which forms part of non-probability sampling. A questionnaire was developed based on the management skills identified in the literature study conducted. Primary data was collected through e-mail distribution of a cover letter requesting the respondent to complete the attached questionnaire. The data was then loaded on an Excel data base for further use and analysis. Once primary data had been collected, it was analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data to determine the skills’ profile of female managers in the construction and engineering industry of NMB, as reflected in the collected data. These results were then used to identify areas for further research. The analysis revealed that the majority of the sample was between the ages of 29 and 38 years old and employed in the construction industry. The sample mainly consisted of top level managers with a Masters as their highest educational qualification (41 per cent). The majority of the respondents agreed that conceptual, technical, political, analytic, administrative, and diagnostic skills are required to effectively manage an organisation. Based on the findings, the majority of the respondents strongly agreed that leadership, planning, organising, conflict management, and project management skills are industry-specific management skills required to manage effectively in the construction and engineering industry. The majority of respondents indicated that they had learned these skills through workplace training and experience. The majority of the respondents agree that female managers excel in certain managerial skills and even believe that female managers possess different skills to those of male managers. The results of this study are expected to create awareness of the current state of the construction and engineering industry in NMB. The information will enable employers as well as FET institutions to create interventions and equip females with the necessary skills to become engineering and construction professionals.

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Merton, Charlotte Isabelle. "The women who served Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth Ladies, Gentlewomen and Maids of the Privy Chamber, 1553-1603 /." Thesis, Online version, 1992. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33095.

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Moorhouse, Lesley. "An exploration of Zimbabwean migrant women's perceptions of their identity : selected case studies in Gqebera, Port Elizabeth, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1200.

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This study explores the perceptions of women who had migrated to Gqebera, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, from Zimbabwe, in terms of their own identity. In-depth interviews were conducted, situated within a phenomenological paradigm with a feminist epistemological orientation, in order to describe the rich detail of a woman’s quotidian existence subsequent to the migratory experience. Findings suggest that women’s identities are constructed in relation to other people, both those who form their in-group and their out-group. The process of migration and difficulties associated with assimilation into the host community impacts on felt ethnicity, strengthening ties to the homeland and to fellow Zimbabweans. Identity is also impacted on by spatiality, or lived space, in terms of both memories of home and present space occupied. Migration incorporating even the post-migration period may well form an extended liminal experience for women.

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Gottwald, Margaret. "Elizabeth Catlett's I Am the Negro Woman: Emerging from the Margins." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/216.

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This art historiographical study focuses on African American artist Elizabeth Catlett’s linocut series I Am the Negro Woman, composed of fifteen images and executed in 1947 while Catlett was a visiting artist at the Taller de Graphica Popular in Mexico City. The series was exhibited shortly thereafter at the Barnett Aden Gallery in Washington, D.C., only to be largely marginalized by the art historical discourse of the following twenty-five years; however, during the Civil Rights Movement, a renewed interest in Catlett and her works began to develop. Later Feminist and Post-colonial art historians, seeking to widen the narrow mid-twentieth century canon, incrementally began to address these images in accordance with their respective interests, expanding the scholarship and increasing the exhibition of the series. The reputation of these images continues to grow, moving I Am the Negro Woman out of the margins of the art historical discourse into a more valued and recognized position.

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Rogers, Donna Ann. "Elizabeth Bishop and her women countering loss, love, and language through Bishop's homosocial continuum /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002044.

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Colby, Robin B. ""Some appointed work to do" : women and vocation in the fiction of Elizabeth Gaskell /." Westport (Conn.) ; London : Greenwood press, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370337745.

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Olsen, Elena Brit. ""Alone I climb the craggy steep" : literary ambition and metaphysical identity in eighteenth-century women's poetry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9337.

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