To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Elite sport.
Journal articles on the topic 'Elite sport'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Elite sport.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rahadian, Adi, Amung Ma’mun, Berliana Berliana, and Nuryadi Nuryadi. "Asian Games Success 2018 : Policy Elite Athlete Development and Development Indonesia." Jurnal Maenpo : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi 11, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jm.v11i1.1278.
Full textAbstract:
The success of elite sports in Indonesia plays an important role in building and constructing national identity. Along its development, the success of sport is pictured as symbol of national resurrection and sport winner as national icon. Status and power of sports Indonesia among other countries is measured by the country’s success of having achievement in international sport events. Elit sport development are implemented through sport introduction stage, monitoring, fostering, also developing talent and improving achievement (UU SKN No. 3 Tahun 2005). The system of elite sport development in Indonesia which is oriented to: a) build elite’s facility; b) support for athletes; c) provide training and sport science; and d) centered competition opportunity (Pelatnas) in the preparation of international competition. This study explores the sports achievements of Indonesia with the aims of maximizing the policy of elite sport development in Indonesia. The achievements of elite sports are the pride of the country, including obtaining diplomatic recognition, ideological competition and a belief that the success of sports in international level gives benefit for socio-politic in the nation, starting from feeling pleased, optimistic and giving impact economically, especially in relation to organizing elite sports competitions.Keyword: achievement, elite athlete, Indonesia, national identity, sport development
2
Driukov, Oleksandr, and Volodymyr Driukov. "World's leading countries experience in the management of elite sports: a review article." Health, sport, rehabilitation 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2022.08.04.08.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To present a comparative description of elite sports management in the world sports leaders and to substantiate the possible use of the experience of these countries for elite sports development in Ukraine.
Material and methods: The analysis of literature sources was carries out by working with scientific works, which are presented in the databases “ Web of science”, “Scopus”, “Pub Med” and others. The literary sources were searched for according to the keywords: "elite sports functioning and development", "main indices of elite sports development", "innovations in elite sports". Next, the results were specified according to the keyword "USA", "China", "Great Britain", "Germany", "Ukraine" and separately by the keyword "comparative analysis". A total of 537 works were found according to the keywords, of which 37 were selected for the literature review. The selection was carried out as follows: first, the topic of the articles was analyzed, then, if the topic corresponded to the direction of our study, the annotation was analyzed. If the annotation corresponded to the direction of our research, the text of the article was analyzed.
Results. The essence and peculiarities of elite sport functioning and development in USA, China, Great Britain, and Germany, the leaders of world sports are considered. It is shown that in many countries of the world, state authorities tend to pay significant attention to the field of elite sports development.
It is established that in order to take the lead in world sports, in particular at the Olympic Games, the USA, China, Great Britain, and Germany are carrying out innovative development of the system of elite sport. However, the innovative development of elite sport in each country occurs according to its own scenario with due account for national specifics. At the same time, elite sport in Ukraine continues to develop according to an extensive model.
The presented analysis of elite sports management in the advanced countries of the world can contribute to the improvement of the system of elite sports in Ukraine with account for foreign experience. The data obtained indicate that the system of elite sport management used in Great Britain may be the most appropriate for the functioning and development of elite sport in Ukraine.
Conclusions. One of the possible approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of elite sport is to use the successful experience of the elite sport management system, which is functioning in Great Britain.
3
Driukov, Oleksandr, and Volodymyr Driukov. "State regulation of elite sport functioning in China at the current stage of sport development (foreign experience)." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(145) (January 19, 2022): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.1(145).11.
Full textAbstract:
The article addresses the essence and peculiarities of state regulation of elite sport functioning in China. The elite sport in China holds pride of place in social life – politics, economics, international relations.
It is shown that all activities in the field of sport, including the elite sport, are regulated by the Law «On Sports of the People's Republic of China». In China, state regulation plays a significant role in elite sport functioning and development, one of the main instruments of which is the state budget. The highest governing body for sports development in China is the General Administration in Sports Affairs, which is headed by the President of the NOC of China. At the state level, a set of measures aimed at effective elite sport functioning and development is being developed and implemented. It should be noted that centralized management with strict administration of sports development in China has made sport too regulated and unattractive in market conditions. Therefore, in 2014 the government formulated a plan to accelerate the development of the sports industry, stimulate sports engagement, increase the social significance of sport called “Measures to accelerate the development of the sports industry and promote sports engagement”. The program takes into account the implementation of a new state innovation strategy for elite sport development, which envisages investment in infrastructure, human resources, and research services in this area. According to this plan, the tax for large corporations that finance sport is reduced from 25 to 15%, whereas for the most active sponsors of sports – up to 3%. This plan has greatly contributed to the expansion of commercialization and professionalization of Chinese sport, attracting sponsors, especially for such sports events as football and basketball.
The conducted study has revealed that the Chinese government is making serious efforts for the successful and dynamic development of elite sport in the country. State regulation in this field of sport is characterized, above all, by the presence of special legislation, a system of state bodies with powers, a mechanism of regulation and control. One of the most peculiar features of the modern Chinese system of elite sport is the transition from an extensive model of development to an innovative one.
4
Kang, Jeehyun, Jounghwa Son, Hojin Shin, and Kisung Kwon. "Exploratory analysis of factors affecting on elite sport policy agenda setting phrase: Korean policies for elite sport athlete identification and development." Korean Journal of Sport Science 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2020.31.3.475.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This research aims to find out factors affecting policy at the agenda setting phrase. In order to analyze, Multiple Streams Framework(MSF) was adopted. Based on the frame, policy problem stream, policy alternative stream, political stream, window of policy change, and policy entrepreneur were applied for analytical framework. Methods The research conducted qualitative research with triangulation. Data were collected by in-depth interview and literature review including newspaper and previous researches. Content analysis was done for deriving factors. Then categorization and itemization were conducted. Results For the result, factors derived from the study were not different from factions mentioning at MSF. For policy problem stream perspective, this study draw International Sports Event Result, Hosting International Sports Event, Elite Sports Athletic Recruiting, Athletic and Sports Category Supporting System, Student Study Right/Student Human Right/Sports Academy, Policy Reality, Sport Expert/Institute Capability, Perception of Elite Sport Origin. factors. In the case of Policy Alternative Stream, This study finds Sports Related Administrative Organization Restructure, Supporting Policy of Elite Athletic Promoting Restructure, Parent Policy of Elite Athletic Promoting Policy, Parent Institution of Elite Athletic Promoting Law, Incentive Institution for Elite Athletic, Supporting Institution for Elite Athletic, Value of Policy Community for Sports Category Feature, Value of Policy Community for Sports Category Fairness, Budget, International Sports Event Hosting Policy factors. Lastly, in the political perspective, this study figures out Elite Sports for Nation Integration, Elite Sports for Enhancing National Prestige (North and South Replacement), Elite Sports for Inter Korean Reconciliation and Cooperation, Sports Related Administrative Organization Restructure Following Regime Change, Parent Policy Change of Elite Sports Following Regime Change factors. Conclusions The research has academic implication for generating elite sport policy agenda setting model as well as practical implication for urging effective participation of various practitioners concerning elite sport.
5
Khanmoradi, Saeed, Shirin Zardoshtian, Shahram Fatahi, and Geoff Dickson. "Interaction Effect between Sports Participation and Elite Sports Development." Indonesian Journal of Sport Management 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/ijsm.v2i1.2261.
Full textAbstract:
Elite athlete success in international events and sports development promotes sports participation and this is main concern for many researchers to develop the elite sport. If the economic conditions are not desirable, it is not possible to develop elite sport and promote sports participation to achieve this goal. Economic crises have made the managers employ a deep insight into the effect of the economic conditions of the country on the sport. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction effect of sports participation and elite sports development with an emphasis on macroeconomic variables using an econometric model with a simultaneous equation approach based on the 2SLS method in Iran. The results showed that inflation and unemployment rates have significant and negative effects on sports participation. Rural household income has a significant and positive effect on sports participation but urban household income has a significant and negative effect on sports participation. Standard of living has a significant and positive effect on sports participation. The effects of sports media, sports budget, and Non-athlete participants on elite sports development are significant and positive. Finally, the interaction effect of sports participation and elite sports development is positive and significant.
6
Malchrowicz-Mośko, Ewa, and Karolina Chlebosz. "Sport Spectator Consumption and Sustainable Management of Sport Event Tourism; Fan Motivation in High Performance Sport and Non-Elite Sport. A Case Study of Horseback Riding and Running: A Comparative Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072178.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics and motivations of participants in contemporary sports events is important for event organizers, host cities and tourist destinations who seek to acquire rights to organise sports events of various types. It is also important to know what functions sporting events have for fans—their needs, thanks to passive sports consumption, are now being met. This research was conducted to broaden knowledge about fan motivation of participation in individual high-performance and non-elite sport and to analyse the differences between them. The case study was a running event of mass character (the 6th edition of half-marathon held in Poznań, Poland) and a horseback riding elite event (“Cavaliada”, held in Poznań, Poland). The empirical research among fans of these disciplines conducted during popular running and horseback riding Polish events allowed to characterise the sociodemographic profile of fans of individual mass and elite sports and the motivations of passive sports consumption. The motives were divided into four groups connected with social, experiential, factual and results orientation. We used a standardised interview technique and diagnostic survey method. 1328 sports fans participated in our study (510 fans of half-marathon [non-elite sport] and 818 fans of Cavaliada [high performance sport]). We developed a self-constructed questionnaire according to the motivation typology of Freyer and Gross. Research results indicate that supporters of individual mass and elite sports have thoroughly different motivations. On 14 examined motives, 13 statistically significant differences were found. Moreover, the article presents the division of motivation among female and male supporters, young people, elderly people, local (hosts) and sport tourist supporters. The research has shown what the sociopsychological impact of watching sports competition on fans of various categories is. For example, what is the motivation of sports tourists (N = 764) to participate in mass and elite sports events. We also investigated the influence of participation in sporting events in the level of life satisfaction and the impact of running and horse event in destination image (Poznań) in the opinion of supporters.
7
Orlowski, Johannes, Pamela Wicker, and Christoph Breuer. "Labor migration among elite sport coaches: An exploratory study." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 3 (June 2, 2016): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216649778.
Full textAbstract:
Coaches are critical to elite sport achievements because they represent the link between sport policies and athletes. Yet, labor migration of elite sport coaches challenges the competitiveness of the sport system of the sending country and brain drain is a concern for policy-makers. Previous research on labor migration in sport has focused on athletes in professional team sports. Based on the push–pull framework, this study seeks to explore the factors affecting labor migration of elite sport coaches in less commercialized sports. Semi-structured interviews with nine elite sport coaches employed in Germany were conducted. The following migration factors emerged from the analysis: job-related factors (salary, workload, financial planning security, pressure, politics within the sport federation, and recognition of the coaching job in society); social factors (family support, and children’s education); competitive factors (training environment, and sport equipment); and seeking new experiences (new culture/language, and challenging task). Networks were found to be critical to the reception of job offers. A combination of various push and pull factors from several levels (i.e., individual, household, organizational, and national level) is at work when examining potential coach migration. Policy- makers should consider these factors when they strive to create a more attractive working environment for coaches.
8
BUDZISZ, ALEKSANDRA, and KRZYSZTOF SAS-NOWOSIELSKI. "Positive body image among Polish elite athletes." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity Supplement 1, no. 13 (September 30, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.2021.suppl.1.02.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This study aimed to analyze factors differentiating body appreciation among Polish elite athletes. Material and Methods: Participants were athletes, both men and women (N=408), who completed questionnaire BAS-2. Results: In general, men had a better perception of their body than women (p<0.01). Higher appreciation of the body was visible among women sprinters, opposite to volleyball players (p <0.03). Indirect competition for women was connected to higher body appreciation (p<0.05). Gender and individual/team sport also significantly differentiated appreciation of the body (p<0.02). Furthermore, training frequency in a week differentiated body appreciation (p<0.03), as well as characteristic of sports performance [indoor sports, and higher in water sports (p<0.02)]. Conclusions: Results suggest that not only the common category of the sport type – aesthetic, technical, strength – differentiates the body image. Equally important for differences in body appreciation is also gender, sport discipline, and background of sport training: frequency per week, the character of competition (direct-indirect), individual/non-individual competition, or characteristic of sports performance.
9
Pinto-Escalona, Tania, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, and Óscar Martínez-de-Quel. "Sport Participation and Academic Performance in Young Elite Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315651.
Full textAbstract:
Strong evidence supports physical activity and fitness levels being positively associated with cognitive performance and overall academic performance in youth. This also applies to sports participation. However, whether participation in sports at the elite level is associated with greater academic performance remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the academic performance of young elite athletes to that of control students, as well as to analyze whether the type of sport mediates these results. Between 2010 and 2019, all students from the last Baccalaureate course of the Spanish Elite Sport High School—which also includes non-elite athletes and recreational athlete students, who were categorized as controls—participated in this study. Academic performance was assessed through both the grade point average of the two last Baccalaureate courses and through the average grades from the University Entrance Examinations. Athletes were categorized attending to different sport classifications. A total of 1126 adolescents (570 girls, 18.2 ± 0.6 years) participated in the study, of which 483 and 643 were categorized as elite athletes and control students, respectively. Elite athletes attained a lower overall academic performance than controls (p < 0.001), which was confirmed for both sexes (p < 0.001). These differences were separately confirmed for most academic subjects (p < 0.05), as well as when attending to different sport classifications (all p > 0.05). Young elite athletes attained a lower academic performance than their non-elite peers, regardless of their type of sport. These findings highlight the importance of programs aimed at facilitating dual careers among young elite athletes.
10
McDougall, Michael, Mark Nesti, and David Richardson. "The Challenges of Sport Psychology Delivery in Elite and Professional Sport: Reflections From Experienced Sport Psychologists." Sport Psychologist 29, no. 3 (September 2015): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0081.
Full textAbstract:
The challenges encountered by sport psychologists operating within elite and professional sports teams have arguably been inadequately considered (Nesti, 2010). It has been suggested that this may be due to the inaccessibility of elite team environments (Eubank, Nesti, & Cruickshank, 2014; Nesti, 2010). The purpose of this research was to examine the challenges facing practitioners who operate in elite environments and to illuminate how these were experienced. Qualitative interviews with six experienced applied sport psychologists were conducted and a narrative themed analysis undertaken. Four main themes emerged as most prevalent and meaningful: challenges to congruence, a broader role: managing multiple relationships, the influence of elite sport cultures, and surviving and thriving were presented in narrative form. Practitioners provided experiential insight into how specific challenges were understood and dealt with, and how they are able to provide an effective service while managing themselves and the demands of the environment.
11
Augestad, Pål, Nils Asle Bergsgard, and Atle Ø. Hansen. "The Institutionalization of an Elite Sport Organization in Norway: The Case of “Olympiatoppen”." Sociology of Sport Journal 23, no. 3 (September 2006): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.23.3.293.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we argue that neoinstitutional theory can increase our understanding of the different ways nations develop structures for top-level sport. Theorists of the neoinstitutional school concentrate on how and to what degree organizations adapt to both formal and informal expectations in their institutional environment. Elite sports organizations participate in different organizational fields, and that pulls the organization in different directions. The empirical case for our discussion is the organization of elite sport in Norway. We will attempt to place elite sport in Norway in an international context by relating its development, structure, and working procedures to the development of corresponding elite sport systems in other Western countries. In addition to striking similarities among various national models for the organization of top-level sport, there are distinguishing national features that result from different cultural and political traditions.
12
Cherifi, Nassima, John A. Johnson, and Seung-Tae Chin. "Expertise development of elite Taekwondo coaches." Physical Activity Review 11, no. 1 (2023): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2023.11.15.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: While numerous studies on the expertise of elite sports coaches have been conducted, few studies have been conducted on coaching Taekwondo, an Olympic sport rapidly gaining worldwide popularity. Yet, as a combat sport with Asian martial arts roots, elite Taekwondo coaches may have different needs than their peers in other sports. The present study thus explored elite Taekwondo coaches during the course of their careers. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Coaches (n=9) were selected via purposeful sampling and were all elite Taekwondo coaches with more than 10 years’ experience in elite Taekwondo coaching. Focused questions examined the transition of expert elite Taekwondo coaches through various stages in their careers to explore their expertise development process. Results: Five key variables emerged from the analysis of the expert coaches’ growth toward expertise. These variables correlate with what other coaches of elite coaches experienced during their development, thus evidencing that coaching Olympic Taekwondo is not unlike coaching other elite sports.
13
Dean, Francesca, Emma Kavanagh, Amanda Wilding, and Tim Rees. "An Examination of the Experiences of Practitioners Delivering Sport Psychology Services within English Premier League Soccer Academies." Sports 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10040060.
Full textAbstract:
Sport psychology has become increasingly recognized and accepted within professional sports, including soccer. To date, there is a lack of research that examines the provision of sport psychology within elite soccer, particularly from the experience of applied practitioners working within the field. The current study adopted a qualitative, inductive approach, to examine the experiences of practitioners responsible for sport psychology delivery within elite soccer academies in England. Seven participants (four females; three males), working within academies in the English Premier League, took part in semi-structured interviews about their experience of delivering sport psychology services within elite soccer academies. Results demonstrated that the provision of sport psychology is continually evolving, yet there are a number of factors that appear to inhibit the full integration of the discipline into academy soccer. Six key themes were identified: The breadth of sport psychology provision; what is sport psychology; the stigma surrounding sport psychology services; psychological literacy; the elite youth soccer environment; and the delivery of sport psychology under the Elite Player Performance Plan. Participants identified a lack of psychological literacy among coaches and academy staff, as well as a low level of guidance regarding the provision of psychology within the England Football Association’s guiding document—the Elite Player Performance Plan—leading to considerable variation in the nature of the sport psychology provision. Future research would do well to also sample from a range of staff working within English soccer academies, in order to assess their perception of the level of provision and understanding of psychology.
14
Macleod, A. D. "Sport Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 6 (December 1998): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809073876.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on psychiatry for elite athletes. Method: Relevant literature was presented to the general psychiatrist. Results: The prevalence of drug misuse, eating disorders and brain injury in elite and professional athletes is stressed. The uniquely troublesome adverse effects of psychopharmacology in this group of subjects is commented upon. Conclusions: Elite athletes may require competent and informed psychiatric opinion and management.
15
Kristiansen, Elsa, and Barrie Houlihan. "Developing young athletes: The role of private sport schools in the Norwegian sport system." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 4 (September 30, 2015): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215607082.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the paper is to analyse the increasingly prominent role of private sports schools in the development of elite athletes in Norway. The context for the analysis is the apparent paradox between the emergence of a network of sports schools, the most successful of which are private and require that parents pay a fee, and the social democratic values of Norway. Data were collected through a series of interviews with 35 respondents from nine stakeholder groups, including athletes, coaches, parents and sport school managers. The research describes an elite sport system that is successful in producing medal-winning athletes, but which is organisationally fragmented, uncoordinated and under-funded with regard to youth talent identification and development and susceptible to tensions between key actors. The primary analytical framework is Kingdon’s multiple streams framework augmented by path dependency theory. The findings include, a picture of an elite youth sport development system in which multiple and overlapping problems have received, at best, only partial policy solutions some of which, such as the growth of private sports schools, have emerged by default. When focusing attention on the relationship between structure and agency in the policy process it is argued that the government, through its inaction, has allowed sports schools the policy space to expand. The consequence is that the government has, whether deliberately or not, enabled the strengthening of a commercial elite youth sport development system, while still preserving its egalitarian and non-interventionist credentials.
16
Ma, Yang, and Markus Kurscheidt. "Modifying Tradition: Understanding Organizational Change in Chinese Elite Sport Training at the Grassroots Level." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074048.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the organizational change in Chinese elite sport training at the grassroots level, which is perceived as foundational to and crucial for the development of sustainable competitive advantage at the Olympics. Predicted on an in-depth single case study design linked to qualitative research, this study pursued a “thick description” of the process of change in Shanghai elite sport training by identifying the impetus for change and factors moderating the change process. All qualitative data were sourced from semi-structured interviews and official and semi-official documents. Participants included current sport leaders; officials/administrators; senior, including head and non-head, coaches; and renowned Chinese social science scholars who either specialize in or are familiar with the elite sport training scene in general and the landscape at the grassroots level. The key findings, on the basis of organizational change theory, were that the internal and external political pressures are strongly linked to the growing concern about athlete performance management, the alignment of elite sport training with the sport service industry, and limited financial resources; the functional pressures emerge from the broadening of the talent pool of money-consuming sports and newly added Olympic sports; and other fields’ successful practices, the unlimited registration rule, and a virtuous cycle of training contribute to organizational change.
17
Adelfinsky, Andrey. "Creating a Hero . . . Laughing at Clowns? Representations of Sports and Fitness in Soviet Fiction Films after the Olympic U-Turn in Politics." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 4 (2020): 108–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-4-108-136.
Full textAbstract:
In the 1940s–1960s, the USSR made an ideological turn from leftist sports politics to the struggle for Olympic achievements. How has this U-turn affected the social order in Soviet sport and its artistic repre-sentation? The article offers a systematic review of Soviet sport fiction films. The study of sport and fit-ness imagination is conducted through a correlation between artistic performance and social context. Fo-cusing on the 1950s–1980s, we found three different types of representation: № 1 is the creating of a hero (for an elite athlete). This is the lion’s share of all sport movies where the “Myth of a Hero” in Olympic sport was constructed. In praising elite sport, modern Russian movies continue the well-known Soviet tradition; № 2 is the laughing at clowns (for mass sportsmen). These are mostly episodes in feature films on themes, where mass sport (i.e., non-elite, grassroots, recreational, fitness, and ordinary) is mentioned. Surprisingly, this sport is presented in a comic sense (except hiking and mountaineering); №3 is sport reality. This type comprises the tiniest selection of movies where art reflects the real situation inside the Soviet sport industry. Elite athletes are presented here as antiheroes with social adaptation problems; ad-ditionally, such issues as shamateurism are severely criticized. The conclusions are following: since the 1970s, sport films ceased to function as propaganda of fitness and recreational sport. On the contrary, elite sport (as an art branch), its representations in official arts and media jointly constructed the great “evan-gelical myth” about itself, which became the part of public consciousness. However, this myth had little to do with a new reality. Elite sport’s positive representation acted only as a propagandist tool that created a fictional social world. The existing social order’s irrationality was critically reflected only by the comedy genre.
18
Stieger, Raphael, Romano Meier, Grazia Lang, and Siegfried Nagel. "Professionalisation and its consequences for the governance of sports clubs in semi-professional team sports." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss034.
Full textAbstract:
Sports clubs in semi-professional team sports professionalise their management particularly often due to expectations from internal and external stakeholders. Likely, they separate their elite section from other sections at some point during their professionalisation process. Promoting factors are the entrepreneurial risks and the high use of resources of the elite section. However, there are different approaches regarding the legal form of the separated elite section. While some sports clubs organise the elite section as a separated club, others choose a profit oriented legal form, like a limited liability company (LLC) or a stock company. Here, the following question arises: What are the consequences of the varying approaches for the governance of the sports clubs?
Nagel et al. (2015) use a multi-level framework for the analysis of professionalisation in sports federations, which can be similarly used to analyse professionalisation processes in sports clubs. The framework shows, that professionalisation forms can lead to positive and negative consequences, such as changes in the governance structures. However, the chosen legal form and its (non) profit orientation leaves room for club-specific governance structures (Lang et al., 2019).
This study is part of an international project on professionalisation processes of sports clubs. The research design is a case study design. It analyses two Swiss sports clubs that engage in a men’s semi-professional team sports league. Both sport clubs separated their elite and amateur sections. The volleyball club organised the elite section as a member association, just like the amateur section. The handball club chose a LLC for their elite section. Data collection consisted of three parts: documentary analysis, expert interviews with decision-makers and focus groups with club members. The data was analysed using causation coding and visualisation strategies.
The results show, that the elite section of the volleyball club employed a full-time paid CEO, while the management of the handball club’s LLC relied exclusively on voluntary work. This might be explained by more financial resources of and higher demands on the international playing volleyball club. For both sports clubs, a decreasing identification of the amateur section with the elite section was a challenge at the beginning of the separation. Although both clubs believe that they have overcome this challenge thanks to joint events, the recruitment of volunteers for the elite sports is still a challenge.
In conclusion, the professionalisation processes and the separation of elite and amateur sports led to changes in the governance of the sports clubs. However, the assumption that profit oriented legal forms tend to employ more paid staff could not be confirmed. Future research is needed to challenge these findings and to discover further approaches of governance structures.
References
Lang, G., Ströbel, T., & Nagel, S. (2019). Professionalization forms in mixed sport industries: is it time to rethink the stereotypes of non-profit and for-profit sport organizations? Managing Sport and Leisure, 24(4), 208-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1611470
Nagel, S., Schlesinger, T., Bayle, E., & Giauque, D. (2015). Professionalisation of sport federations: A multi-level framework for analysing forms, causes and consequences. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 407-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1062990
19
Gulyás, Erika, Tamás Sterbenz, and Eszter Kovacs. "Efficiency of Governmental Funding in Hungary." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 72, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2016-0027.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper presents the initial results of a significant research project conducted under the IOC PhD Student Research Grant Program with the support of the Hungarian Olympic Committee. Macro- and meso-level analyses were conducted within the framework of this research to analyze the competitive position of the Hungarian elite sport policy system. In the following, an essential part of the research will be presented with the aim of modeling the efficiency of the Hungarian sport funding system as the increasingly international sporting competition forces governments to invest more money in elite sport development just so they can maintain their elite sport success as the supply of medals remains basically constant. Due to these diminishing returns to the scale of investment, an elite sporting system with an efficient structure will be key in future sporting success. Data collection was based on information gained through a general questionnaire and interviews with the main stakeholders of national sport federations and the Hungarian Olympic Committee, which is the main governing body of Hungarian high-performance sport. Data collection focused on the sixteen prioritized sport federations and the five team sports that benefited from a tax relief system. Secondary data were collected regarding the national public funding for sport, elite sport, and sport by sport since 2006, and Gracenote’s database was used to analyze historical performance in the different disciplines and compare Hungarian performance with that of other countries. This research will provide information to policy makers about the competitive position of Hungary in elite sport and, in this respect, explore the critical success factors that will allow Hungary to assess how best to manage its future success in an increasingly competitive international environment.
20
Zimmermann, Paul, Jan Wüstenfeld, Lukas Zimmermann, Volker Schöffl, and Isabelle Schöffl. "Physiological Aspects of World Elite Competitive German Winter Sport Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095620.
Full textAbstract:
Nine Ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-Cross Country (NCC) and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance as the primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. A multicenter retrospective analysis of CPET data was performed in 31 elite winter sports athletes, which were obtained in 2021 during the annual medical examination. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18–32 years) were compared for different CPET parameters, and athlete’s physique data and sport-specific training schedules. All athletes showed, as estimated in elite winter sport athletes, excellent performance data in the CPET analyses. Significant differences were revealed for VE VT2 (respiratory minute volume at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)), highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VEmaximum), the indexed ventilatory oxygen uptake (VO2) at VT2 (VO2/kg VT2), the oxygen pulse at VT2, and the maximum oxygen pulse level between the three professional winter sports disciplines. This report provides new evidence that in different world elite winter sport professionals, significant differences in CPET parameters can be demonstrated, against the background of athlete’s physique as well as training control and frequency.
21
Jaiyeoba, Oluwatoyin M., Solomon B. Oguntuase, Jephtah O. Ogunsanya, and Abiola A. Adereti. "The Role of Resilience on Stress and Recovery of Elite Athletes in Nigeria." Athens Journal of Sports 10, no. 1 (February 14, 2023): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.10-1-4.
Full textAbstract:
Resilience is an important psychological factor in sport that contributes greatly to the ability to overcome and adapt positively to difficult and challenging situations. Elite athletes face a lot of pressure, stressor and adversity from sport and non-sport milieu which affect their psychological well-being and sport performance. Ability of the elite athletes to cope, overcome and adapt to various sources of pressures, stressors, adversities and recover quickly will make them to attain optimal health, peak performance and achieve success. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of resilience on stress and recovery of elite athletes in Nigeria. Participants were 187 subjects (118 males; 69 females), age ranged between 18years and 42years (mean=26.4; SD=4.82) were selected from various sports using purposive sampling technique to select elite athletes who participated in 2021 National Sports Festival in Nigeria. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) and Stress-Recovery Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-52 Sport) were used for data collection. Shapiro-Wilk Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were employed for data analysis. Results of the study showed that resilience correlated with the factors of stress and recovery. Structural equation modelling results showed that resilience had significant direct effect on stress and recovery with variability of 26% and 55% respectively. Resilience negatively predicted stress and positively predicted recovery. The model invariant was not significant to gender and sport-type of the participants. It was therefore concluded that resilience plays an immense role in coping, overcoming and positively adapting to situations of stress and recovery of elite athletes. Keywords: resilience, stress, recovery, adversity, elite athlete
22
Ronkainen, Noora Johanna, and Violetta Oblinger-Peters. "Life in elite sport." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 072. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss072.
Full textAbstract:
Empirical research which aims to investigate elite sport from a holistic perspective (Magnusson & Stattin, 2006; Wylleman, 2019) is necessary to inform the ethical discussions surrounding issues such as performance and optimization. This symposium, therefore, intends to capture the complex trajectories of athlete’s lived experience from multiple angles and disciplines within the area of sport science. Starting from a psychological understanding, Philip Röthlin will introduce the prevalence of mental health disorders among Swiss elite athletes along with relevant contributing factors such as need satisfaction and organizational support. Colm Hickey will unearth how professional elite athletes are affected by abuse disguised as jokes in their daily lives from a sociological perspective. Helena Hlasová will explore retirement from elite sport through the lens of Dialogical Self Theory (Hermans & Kempen, 1993) and uncover the implicit ways in which elite athletes may or may not engage in “identity work” while transitioning out of their careers. Finally, Violetta Oblinger-Peters will present on how Olympic athletes find and create personal meaning(s) in their sport and discuss how the scientific concept translates into tangible support for athletes. Overall, the symposium intends to generate transferable knowledge of athletes’ lived reality in elite sport. References Hermans, H. J. M., & Kempen, H. J. G. (1993). The dialogical self: Meaning as movement. Academic Press. Magnusson, D., & Stattin, H. (2006). The person in context: A holistic-interactionistic approach. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 400–464). Wiley. Wylleman, P., Reints, A., & De Knop, P. (2013). A developmental and holistic perspective on athletic career development. In P. Sotiriadou & V. De Bosscher (Eds.), Managing high performance sport (pp. 159–182). Routledge.
23
Sharp, Lee-Ann, Ken Hodge, and Steve Danish. "Sport psychology consulting at elite sport competitions." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 3, no. 2 (2014): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000011.
Full text
24
Gál, Andrea. "Elite Sport and Leisure Sport in Hungary: The Double Trouble." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 49, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-010-0018-9.
Full textAbstract:
Elite Sport and Leisure Sport in Hungary: The Double TroubleThe main purpose of this study is to give insight into the current status of two big areas of sport in Hungary: elite sport and leisure sport. As the expression ‘double trouble’ in the title indicates, in Hungary there are several problems in both areas.Hungary is a small country, but its Olympic teams were traditionally very successful in the Games. However, at the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing, Hungarian athletes performed below expectations, winning only three gold medals. The sport's political leaders and the public were very disappointed, therefore many experts tried to analyse the main reasons for the failure. They suggested that there were four problems in the background: the continuous disintegration of the sport clubs system; the low prestige of coaches and professionals working in sport; insufficient financial support and its inadequate timing; and the deficiency of sports science and its health care background. The second trouble concerns the sporting habits of Hungarian society. The country has faced the same problem for many decades: only a very low percentage of the Hungarian population takes part regularly in leisure sport programs. The latest empirical research shows that more than 60% of Hungarians do not do sports with suitable regularity. In comparing previous research results, there are a few changes among Hungarians according to gender, age and status of residence.How can this double trouble be resolved, or at least, how could both areas be somewhat improved? In Hungary, it is not really an easy task.
25
Koca, Canan, and F. Hulya Asci. "Gender Role Orientation in Turkish Female Athletes and Non-Athletes." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 14, no. 1 (April 2005): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.14.1.86.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare gender role orientation and classification of elite female athletes aged between 18 to 30 years with age-matched female non-athletes in Turkey. Additionally, gender role differences with regard to types of sport in elite female athletes were examined. In this study 306 elite female athletes (Mage = 22.17 ± 2.51) and 264 female non-athletes (Mage = 21.34 ± 3.14) were participants of this study. Female athletes were selected from feminine sports; ballet dancing, aerobic dance, swimming, ice skating, tennis, volleyball (n = 70), from masculine sports; basketball, handball, soccer, wrestling, weight lifting, taekwando, karate, judo (n = 127), and from gender-neutral sports; track and field, shot putting and javelin throwing (n = 109). The Bern Sex Role Inventory was administered to assess the gender role orientations of participants. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there were significant differences in gender role orientation between elite female athletes from different types of sport and female non-athletes (Hotelling’s T2 = 0.145; F(6,112) = 13.63; p<.01). In a follow-up univariate analysis, a significant difference in masculinity (F(3,569) = 26.07; p<.01) scores between female athletes from different types of sport and female non-athletes were observed. In addition, a chi square analysis showed a significant difference in gender role classifications between elite female athletes from different types of sport and female non-athletes (X2 = 68.22; p<. 01). Based on these findings it was concluded that there were significant differences in gender role orientations between Turkish elite female athletes and nonathletes.
26
Nagorna, Viktoriia, Artur Mytko, Olha Borysova, Katja Oberhofer, Basil Achermann, and Silvio Lorenzetti. "Gender-specific issues for sport preparedness of elite female athletes in team sport games." Health, sport, rehabilitation 9, no. 3 (September 17, 2023): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.58962/hsr.2023.9.3.74-90.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The goal of this study was to identify gender-specific issues of sports training to assist in the planning of training and competition loads of female elite athletes in team sport games.
Material and methods. Bibliometric techniques were applied in this study to gather highly cited papers in sport sciences published during 2005-2022. The method of expert evaluations was used to determine the modern problems of female elite sports. To determine the model characteristics of the optimal psychophysiological state and balance function of elite male versus female athletes during physical exercises, two independent groups 17 women and 24 men were compared, elite athletes from such sport games, as: basketball (women, n=10 and men, n=14), handball (women, n=3 and men, n=5) and volleyball (women, n=4 and men, n=5). Mathematical and statistical processing and data analysis were carried out using the computing and graphic capabilities of the computer programs "Statistica" and Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results. The analysis of sports scientific literature regarding gender-specific issues and the experts' analytical notes allowed us to obtain information about the main problems, such as: using male models of physical preparation at the training process for women. We determined that the psychophysiological functions for men and women have very particular gender-specific characteristics. For men, it is a predominance of attention, and for women, mobility and strength of nervous processes, respectively. As for the ratio of the quality of the equilibrium function of elite athletes without and with visual control, significantly higher indicators are observed for women (0,98 ± 0,02, p<0,05) compared to the group of men (0,78 ± 0,06, p<0,05).
Conclusions. The research results obtained by us when comparing the psychophysiological and biomechanical indicators of elite athletes of different gender groups provide reliable information about the need to build different approaches in planning special physical loads for female and male athletes in sport games.
27
Fairbairn, Jessica R., and Kellie C. Huxel Bliven. "Incidence of Shoulder Injury in Elite Wheelchair Athletes Differ Between Sports: A Critically Appraised Topic." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0360.
Full textAbstract:
Clinical Scenario: Until recently, injury epidemiology data on elite Paralympic athletes were limited. Current data suggest high rates of shoulder injury in wheelchair athletes. Differences in shoulder injury rates between sports have not been reported in this population. Clinical Question: Is the incidence of shoulder injury in elite wheelchair athletes different between sports? Summary of Key Findings: Shoulder injury rates are high in elite wheelchair athletes, particularly in sports such as field events and fencing that require a stable base (eg, trunk, core control) from which to perform. Wheelchair racing requires repetitive motions that contribute to shoulder injuries, but rates are lower than field sports and fencing. Wheelchair curling and sledge hockey have low shoulder injury risk. Clinical Bottom Line: Shoulder injury rates vary based on sport in elite wheelchair athletes. In addition to incorporating shoulder complex specific rehabilitation for overuse shoulder injuries, clinicians should focus on core and trunk stabilization in elite wheelchair athletes competing in sports, such as field events and fencing. Strength of Recommendation: Grade C evidence exists that reports shoulder injury rates among elite wheelchair athletes differ based on sport participation.
28
Carless, David, and Kitrina Douglas. "“In the Boat” but “Selling Myself Short”: Stories, Narratives, and Identity Development in Elite Sport." Sport Psychologist 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.27.1.27.
Full textAbstract:
Through narrative methodology this study explores the processes and consequences of identity development among young elite athletes, with particular reference to the influence of sport culture. We focus on life stories of two elite male athletes, recounting significant moments from their lives analyzed through the lens of narrative theory. Our findings offer insights into three strands of sport psychology literature. First, responding to calls for a cultural sport psychology, our study reveals how elite sport culture shapes psychological processes of identity development. Second, it shows how the origins of a potentially problematic athletic identity are seeded in early sport experiences, shedding light on how athletic identity is developed or resisted. Finally, it extends previous narrative research into the lives of female professional golfers, documenting how comparable processes unfold among male athletes in other sports, deepening understanding of how cultural narratives influence behavior and life choices.
29
Anderson, David I., and Anthony M. Mayo. "A Skill Acquisition Perspective on Early Specialization in Sport." Kinesiology Review 4, no. 3 (August 2015): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2015-0026.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the costs and benefits of early specialization in sport from a skill acquisition perspective. The focus is on whether early specialization in a single sport is the best way to facilitate the acquisition of skill in that sport. The paper is organized relative to the two major conceptual frameworks that have motivated much of the discussion about early specialization in sport: the theory of deliberate practice and the Developmental Model of Sport Participation. Our analysis reveals that while early specialization in sport is one way to reach elite status, it is not the only way. Considerable evidence shows that many elite athletes specialized in their sport late, following diversified experiences with other sports. These findings raise a number of exciting questions about the long-term development of skill in sport.
30
Stratton, Catherine S. M., Kristina Fagher, Xiang Li, Taylor D. Ottesen, and Yetsa A. Tuakli-Wosornu. "Blind sports’ blind spot: The global epidemiology of visual impairment against participation trends in elite blind para sport." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 9 (January 2022): 205566832211222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683221122276.
Full textAbstract:
Background: It remains unknown whether access to elite blind sports opportunities is globally balanced or matches the prevalence of blindness/visual impairment (VI). The primary objective of this study was to determine the rate of elite blind sports participation in each world region registered in the International Blind Sports Federation’s (IBSA) and to assess its association with the global and regional prevalence of blindness/VI. The secondary objective was to determine the association between other covariates, such as age, vision class, and sex, with the number of IBSA-registered athletes from each region. Methods: A baseline estimate of blindness/VI data was established and used when comparing participation rates to blindness/VI rates. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sports participation and associated co-variates. Results: Among 123 member countries registered in IBSA, 31 did not have any completed registrations in blind sports, of which 22 had a prevalence of blindness/VI higher than the global average. During the summer season 2019, 738 (29.52%) IBSA athletes were female and 1762 (70.48%) were male. Conclusions: These results suggest elite blind/VI sport participation is limited independently from blindness/VI prevalence. Increasing blind-friendly sport resources, especially in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), would improve the rate of elite sport participation among athletes with blindness/VI.
31
Dashper, Katherine. "Tools of the Trade or Part of the Family? Horses in Competitive Equestrian Sport." Society & Animals 22, no. 4 (July 2, 2014): 352–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341343.
Full textAbstract:
The horse-human relationship is based on mutual respect and understanding, and the development of trusting partnerships may be particularly important in elite equestrian sport, where horses and humans rely on each other to tackle sporting challenges. The increasing commercialization of equestrian sport is eroding aspects of the horse-human relationship, as the commodity value of sports horses increases and the pressure for quick results threatens the formation of deep bonds between horse and rider. This article presents data from an ethnographic study of competitive equestrian sport in England, including interviews with 26 elite riders, to explore how the changing nature of elite equestrian sport is altering the basis of the horse-human relationship, changing the horse from a trusted partner in sporting pursuits to a commodity to be bought and sold for human commercial benefit.
32
Silva, Alfredo, Pedro Sobreiro, and Diogo Monteiro. "Sports Participation and Value of Elite Sports in Predicting Well-Being." Sports 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9120173.
Full textAbstract:
This work contributes to an emerging literature focused on the role of physical activity on the subjective well-being of populations. Unlike the existing literature, it proposes an approach that uses algorithms to predict subjective well-being. The aims of this study were to determine the relative importance of sports participation and perceived value of elite sports on the subjective well-being of individuals. A total of 511 participants completed an online questionnaire. The statistical analysis used several machine learning techniques, including three algorithms, Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Random Forest Classifier (RFC), and Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC). In the three algorithms tested, sports participation, expressed as the weekly frequency and the time spent engaging in vigorous physical activity, showed a greater importance (between 47% and 53%) in determining subjective well-being. It also highlights the effect of perceived value of elite sport on the prediction of subjective well-being. This study provides evidence for public sport policy makers/authorities and for managers of physical activity and sport development programs. The surprising effect of the perceived value of elite sport on the prediction of subjective well-being.
33
Hambrick, Marion E., Mary A. Hums, Glenna G. Bower, and Eli A. Wolff. "Examining Elite Parasport Athletes With Sport Involvement and Sports Equipment." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 32, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2013-0070.
Full textAbstract:
Elite athletes require the most advanced sports equipment to maintain their competitive edge, but manufacturers cannot always satisfy these athletes’ specific equipment needs. Sport involvement can influence sports-equipment selections and is described as the process by which individuals rely on attitudes and belief systems to make sports-related consumption decisions. This study involved semistructured interviews with 5 elite Parasport athletes to identify and analyze the role of sport involvement in their selection of sports equipment. The results revealed that the athletes identified product limitations, created a collaborative environment, and promoted a culture of innovation to develop new sports products and address existing limitations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
34
Smith, Andy, David Haycock, and Nicola Hulme. "The Class of London 2012: Some Sociological Reflections on the Social Backgrounds of Team GB Athletes." Sociological Research Online 18, no. 3 (August 2013): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3105.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid response article briefly examines one feature of the relationship between social class and elite sport: the social backgrounds of the Olympians who comprised Team GB (Great Britain) at the 2012 London Olympics Games, and especially their educational backgrounds, as a means of shedding sociological light on the relationship between elite sport and social class. It is claimed that, to a large degree, the class-related patterns evident in the social profiles of medal-winners are expressive of broader class inequalities in Britain. The roots of the inequalities in athletes’ backgrounds are to be found within the structure of the wider society, rather than in elite sport, which is perhaps usefully conceptualized as ‘epiphenomenal, a secondary set of social practices dependent on and reflecting more fundamental structures, values and processes’ ( Coalter 2013 : 18) beyond the levers of sports policy. It is concluded that class, together with other sources of social division, still matters and looking to the process of schooling and education, whilst largely ignoring the significance of wider inequalities, is likely to have a particularly limited impact on the stubborn persistence of inequalities in participation at all levels of sport, but particularly in elite sport.
35
Zimmermann, Paul, Isabelle Schöffl, Volker Schöffl, Lukas Zimmermann, Max L. Eckstein, Othmar Moser, and Jan Wüstenfeld. "Physiological Effects of Training in Elite German Winter Sport Athletes: Sport Specific Remodeling Determined Using Echocardiographic Data and CPET Performance Parameters." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080235.
Full textAbstract:
Nine ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-cross country (NCC), and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance and pronounced echocardiographic physiological cardiac remodeling as a primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. In this context, a multicenter retrospective analysis of two-dimensional echocardiographic data including speckle tracking of the left ventricle (LV-GLS) and CPET performance analysis was performed in 31 elite world winter sports athletes, which were obtained during the annual sports medicine examination between 2020 and 2021. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18–32 years) were compared for different CPET and echocardiographic parameters, anthropometric data, and sport-specific training schedules. Significant differences could be revealed for left atrial (LA) remodeling by LA volume index (LAVI, p = 0.0052), LV-GLS (p = 0.0003), and LV mass index (LV Mass index, p = 0.0078) between the participating disciplines. All participating athletes showed excellent performance data in the CPET analyses, whereby significant differences were revealed for highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VE maximum) and the maximum oxygen pulse level across the participating athletes. This study on sport specific physiological demands in elite winter sport athletes provides new evidence that significant differences in CPET and cardiac remodeling of the left heart can be identified based on the individual athlete’s training schedule, frequency, and physique.
36
Buerba, Rafael A., Stefano Zaffagnini, Ryosuke Kuroda, and Volker Musahl. "ACL reconstruction in the professional or elite athlete: state of the art." Journal of ISAKOS: Joint Disorders & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine 6, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jisakos-2020-000456.
Full textAbstract:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are on the rise at all levels of sport, including elite athletics. ACL injury can have implications on the athlete’s sport longevity, as well as other long-term consequences, such as the development of future knee osteoarthritis. In the elite athlete, ACL injury can also have ramifications in terms of contract/scholastic obligations, sponsorships and revenue-generating potential. Although the goal of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is to return any athlete to the same preinjury level of sport, management of ACL injuries in the elite athlete come with the additional challenge of returning him or her to an extremely high level of physical performance. Despite outcome studies after ACLR in elite athletes showing a high return-to-sport rate, these studies also show that very few athletes are able to return to sport at the same level of performance. They also show that those athletes who undergo ACLR have careers that are more short-lived in comparison to those without injury. Thus, returning an elite athlete to ‘near peak’ performance may not be good enough for the athletic demands of elite-level sports. A possible explanation for the variability in outcomes is the great diversity seen in the management of ACL injuries in the elite athlete in terms of rehabilitation, graft choices, portal drilling and reconstruction techniques. Recently, the advent of anatomical, individualised ACLR has shown improved results in ACLR outcomes. However, larger-scale studies with long-term follow-ups are needed to better understand the outcomes of modern ACLR techniques—particularly with the rise of quadriceps tendon as an autograft choice and the addition of lateral extra-articular tenodesis procedures. The purpose of this article was thus to provide an up-to-date state-of-the-art review in the management of ACL injuries in the elite athlete.
37
Black, Sarah, Kevin Black, Aman Dhawan, Cayce Onks, Peter Seidenberg, and Matthew Silvis. "Pediatric Sports Specialization in Elite Ice Hockey Players." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118800446.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Pediatric sports specialization, defined as intense year-round training in a single sport as a result of excluding other sports for more than 8 months per year, is common in the United States. There are demonstrated physical and social risks to early pediatric sports specialization (defined as before age 12 years). While thought to be needed to acquire appropriate experience and excel in a given sport, there remains little information on when athletes at the highest levels of their sport specialized. This study aimed to define when professional and collegiate ice hockey players specialized. Hypothesis: Early sports specialization before age 12 years will not be common among elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Male professional and collegiate ice hockey players within 1 National Hockey League organization and 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) organizations who were 18 years of age or older completed a survey at training camp detailing their history of sports participation and specialization. Results: A total of 91 athletes participated in the study (mean age, 22.8 years; range, 18-39 years). The mean age at the start of any sports participation was 4.5 years, and the mean age of sports specialization was 14.3 years. The mean age of specialization in the professional group, the NCAA Division I group, and the NCAA Division III group was 14.1, 14.5, and 14.6 years, respectively. Conclusion: Early pediatric sports specialization is not common in elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players. Clinical Relevance: Early pediatric sports specialization before age 12 years is not necessary for athletic success in professional and collegiate ice hockey. This study provides further evidence supporting the recommendations of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine against early sports specialization.
38
Hoberman, John. "Sports Physicians and the Doping Crisis in Elite Sport." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 12, no. 4 (July 2002): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200207000-00002.
Full text
39
Suppiah, Haresh T., Richard Swinbourne, Jericho Wee, Vanes Tay, and Paul Gastin. "Sleep Characteristics of Elite Youth Athletes: A Clustering Approach to Optimize Sleep Support Strategies." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0675.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Elite athletes experience chronic sleep insufficiency due to training and competition schedules. However, there is little research on sleep and caffeine use of elite youth athletes and a need for a more nuanced understanding of their sleep difficulties. This study aimed to (1) examine the differences in sleep characteristics of elite youth athletes by individual and team sports, (2) study the associations between behavioral risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea and caffeine use with sleep quality, and (3) characterize the latent sleep profiles of elite youth athletes to optimize the sleep support strategy. Methods: A group (N = 135) of elite national youth athletes completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and questions pertaining to obstructive sleep apnea, napping behavior, and caffeine use. K-means clustering was used to characterize unique sleep characteristic subgroups based on PSQI components. Results: Athletes reported 7.0 (SD = 1.2) hours of sleep. Out of the total group, 45.2% of the athletes had poor quality sleep (PSQI global >5), with team-sport athletes reporting significantly poorer sleep quality than individual-sport athletes. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that sport type significantly correlated with poor sleep quality. The K-means clustering algorithm classified athletes’ underlying sleep characteristics into 4 clusters to efficiently identify athletes with similar underlying sleep issues to enhance interventional strategies.Conclusion: These findings suggest that elite youth team-sport athletes are more susceptible to poorer sleep quality than individual-sport athletes. Clustering methods can help practitioners characterize sleep-related problems and develop efficient athlete support strategies.
40
Shaw, Gregory, Gary Slater, and Louise M. Burke. "Supplement Use of Elite Australian Swimmers." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 26, no. 3 (June 2016): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0182.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the influence the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) Sport Supplement Program had on supplement practices of elite Australian swimmers, comparing those guided by the Program with others in the same national team. Thirty-nine elite swimmers (13 AIS, 26 Other; 20 female, 19 male; age 21.8 ± 3.3 y) completed a questionnaire investigating supplement use. Ninety-seven percent of swimmers reported taking supplements or sports foods over the preceding 12 months. AIS swimmers reported using more total brands (p = .02) and supplements considered Ergogenic (p = .001) than Other swimmers who used more supplements considered to be lacking scientific support (p = .028). Swimmers rated the risk of a negative outcome from the use of supplements available in Australia (Mdn = 3.0) as less than the risk of supplements from international sources (Mdn = 4.0; p < .001). AIS swimmers were more likely to report dietitians (p < .001) and sports physicians (p = .017) as advisors of their supplement use. Other swimmers more frequently reported fellow athletes as a source of supplement advice (p = .03). AIS swimmers sourced a greater percentage of their supplements from an organized program (94 ± 16%) compared with Other (40 ± 32%; p < .001) who sourced a greater percentage (30 ± 30%) of their dietary supplements from supermarkets. These findings suggest that swimmers influenced by this sport supplement program more frequently use supplements that are recommended by allied health trained individuals, classified as evidence based and provided by the program.
41
Norman, Leanne. "Feeling Second Best: Elite Women Coaches’ Experiences." Sociology of Sport Journal 27, no. 1 (March 2010): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.1.89.
Full textAbstract:
This study centers upon accounts of master women coaches in the UK, connecting the participants’ experiences of the structural practices within the coaching profession to their feelings of being undervalued and marginalized. By going beyond previous positivist and interpretive approaches to the issue of women coaches’ underrepresentation, I locate the participants’ narratives and their oppression within the wider sociocultural context of sport. The strength of patriarchy within sport and coaching is revealed in the private lives of the coaches. Consequently, the findings provoke methodological and theoretical implications for an alternative approach to understanding women’s long standing minority status within sports leadership.
42
Hirschberg, Angelica Lindén. "Female hyperandrogenism and elite sport." Endocrine Connections 9, no. 4 (April 2020): R81—R92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-19-0537.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging evidence indicates that testosterone, which can increase muscle mass and strength, stimulates erythropoiesis, promotes competitive behaviour, and enhances the physical performance of women. Indeed, the levels of testosterone within the normal female range are related to muscle mass and athletic performance in female athletes. Furthermore, among these athletes, the prevalence of hyperandrogenic conditions, including both polycystic ovary syndrome and rare differences/disorders of sex development (DSD), which may greatly increase testosterone production, are elevated. Thus, if the androgen receptors of an individual with XY DSD are functional, her muscle mass will develop like that of a man. These findings have led to the proposal that essential hyperandrogenism is beneficial for athletic performance and plays a role in the choice by women to compete in athletic activities. Moreover, a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated a significant increase in the lean mass and aerobic performance by young exercising women when their testosterone levels were enhanced moderately. Circulating testosterone is considered the strongest factor to explain the male advantage in sport performance, ranging between 10 and 20%. It appears to be unfair to allow female athletes with endogenous testosterone levels in the male range (i.e. 10–20 times higher than normal) to compete against those with normal female androgen levels. In 2012, this consideration led international organizations to establish eligibility regulations for the female classification in order to ensure fair and meaningful competition, but the regulations are controversial and have been challenged in court.
43
Teetzel, Sarah. "Allyship in Elite Women’s Sport." Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14, no. 4 (August 5, 2020): 432–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1775691.
Full text
44
Fletcher, David, and Sheldon Hanton. "Sources of Organizational Stress in Elite Sports Performers." Sport Psychologist 17, no. 2 (June 2003): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.17.2.175.
Full textAbstract:
This study extends recent research investigating organizational stress in elite sport. Fourteen international performers (7 men and 7 women) from a wide range of sports were interviewed with regard to potential sources of organizational stress. Consistent with Woodman and Hardy’s (2001a) theoretical framework of organizational stress in sport, four main categories were examined: environmental issues, personal issues, leadership issues, and team issues. The main environmental issues that emerged were selection, finances, training environment, accommodation, travel, and competition environment. The main personal issues were nutrition, injury, and goals and expectations. The main leadership issues were coaches and coaching styles. The main team issues were team atmosphere, support network, roles, and communication. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research and in terms of their implications for sport organizations and personnel working with elite performers.
45
Pritchard, David M. "Sport and Democracy in Classical Athens." Antichthon 50 (November 2016): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ann.2016.5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article addresses the neglected problem of elite sport in classical Athens. Democracy may have opened up politics to every citizen, but it had no impact on sporting participation. Athenian sportsmen continued to be drawn from the elite. Thus it comes as a surprise that non-elite citizens judged sport to be a very good thing and created an unrivalled program of local sporting festivals on which they spent a staggering sum. They also shielded sportsmen from the public criticism that was otherwise normally directed towards the elite and its exclusive pastimes. The work of social scientists suggests that the explanation of this problem can be found in the close relationship that non-elite Athenians perceived between sporting contests and their own waging of war. The article’s conclusion is that it was the democracy’s opening up of war to non-elite citizens that legitimised elite sport.
46
Zare, Fateme, and Gábor Géczi. "Perceived Effects of Olympic Success on International Policies and Prestige: A Case Study of Sports Actors from Iran." Athens Journal of Sports 9, no. 4 (November 9, 2022): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.9-4-3.
Full textAbstract:
For some nations where these events cannot be facilitated, Olympic success would be more significant. Governments often believe that winning medals enhances their image globally, which is their reason to invest and intervene in elite sports. Based on this belief, the researchers tried to determine how sports actors perceive the relationship between elite sporting success and prestige and its reflection on their related policies. To achieve this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian sports officials and sport managers in charge of elite sports. The results identified four themes in interviewees' speeches related to the objective of the study, including (1) sporting success at the Olympic Games and international prestige, (2) fairness and international prestige, (3) sport and diplomatic relations, (4) media coverage and international prestige. Taken together, these results suggest that the concept of international prestige is notably essential when it comes to the country where the international image might not be positive toward that particular country. Sports as a soft power tool can play this role and build a positive image for that country in different ways. The findings contribute to elite sporting success, sports and country image research, sports international prestige, and sports diplomacy in Iran. Keywords: Olympic success
47
Henning, April D. "“(Self-)Surveillance, Anti-Doping, and Health in Non-Elite Road Running”." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 4 (December 10, 2013): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i4.4624.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores disciplining effects of current anti-doping surveillance systems on the health consequences of non-elites’ daily behaviors and habits. As they are left out of direct anti-doping testing and enforcement, it is tempting to argue non-elites are unaffected by anti-doping efforts focused on the elite level of their sport. However, it is because they are not subject to anti-doping surveillance systems nor forced to comply with anti-doping regulations that non-elites are implicated within the wider arena of disciplinary power that envelops both elite and non-elite athletes and anti-doping agencies (Foucault 1979). Drawing on data from 28 interviews with non-elite runners I argue these runners do conform to the rules and norms of their sport as far as they understand them, but their knowledge of banned substances is inadequate and many non-elite runners have only a superficial and sometimes incorrect understanding of doping. Many view doping and its associated health risks as a problem only of elite running, as well as a problem limited to only a handful of widely publicized performance enhancing drugs or doping methods. As a result of these misunderstandings non-elite runners are vulnerable to negative health effects of over the counter (OTC) medications and nutritional supplements, which they view as “safe” and part of normal training as a result of the current elite surveillance model of anti-doping. The recent death of a non-elite marathon runner linked to use of the unregulated energy supplement DMAA demonstrates, questionable products are used by runners who may not be fully aware of the risks of use.
48
Petruk, A., S. Romanchuk, I. Tychyna, A. Oderov, V. Baidala, and I. Pylypchak. "Experience of scientific support of the training of athletes in foreign countries." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(153) (August 30, 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.8(153).15.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes main sports institutions of the world which provide scientific maintenance of training and competitions for elite athletes: English Institute for Sport, Manchester; School of Sport,Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University; Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft; Institut für Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft; United States Olympic Training Centers; Sports Science Institute of North Africa, Newlands; Australian institute of Sport. Structures of sports science center has been studied, as well as main directions of their activity, links with governmental institutes, other scientific institutions, sports federations and so on.
49
Chockalingam, Nachiappan, Nigel B. Thomas, and Lynne Duval. "Should preparation for elite sporting participation be included in the rehabilitation process of war-injured veterans?" Prosthetics and Orthotics International 36, no. 3 (August 22, 2012): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612447096.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Participation in sport and exercise training, while aiding in the reintegration and confidence building of wounded service personnel, also has potential to prepare them for elite sport competition. It is this encouragement of the war injured to use sport and recreational physical activity as a means of rehabilitation back into civilian life, which has become the worldwide phenomenon of Paralympic sport.Objectives:This paper evaluates existing research relating to the incidence of types of war injuries and the use of sport within the rehabilitation process.Study Design:Literature review.Methods:Initial searches were conducted in the electronic databases EBSCOHost, ScienceDirect and Pubmed using the keywords ‘veterans’ and ‘sport’ or ‘physical activity’. These searches were then supplemented by tracking all key references from the appropriate articles identified. A narrative literature review methodology was employed.Results:Although it is clear from the reported literature that further development of available rehabilitation services is necessary to provide the required level of care for the types of mental and physical injuries and the concept of ‘therapeutic recreation’ is becoming popular, there is still a need for the development of specific protocols to identify individuals who can participate and excel in a specific sport at an elite level.Conclusions:Drawing on the US military experience it can be argued that sport in the UK and other parts of the world should be more widely recognized as a component of rehabilitation. This is not just for the role that sport can play as a tool for rehabilitation but also for the intrinsic and extrinsic benefits that participation in elite sport can offer.Clinical relevanceBased on the findings, a clear protocol for the inclusion of elite sport training within rehabilitation process should be implemented. This protocol development and implementation should encompass a team of multidisciplinary rehabilitation professionals including rehabilitation medicine specialists, bioengineers, prosthetists, orthotists and physiotherapists along with sports and exercise scientists and Paralympic administrators.
50
Wu, Ping. "Who Is Ignorant." Sport Science Review 19, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2010): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-011-0030-y.
Full textAbstract:
Who Is Ignorant This article studies dispute between Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sports elites in a socio-cultural context. Based upon a number of case studies, the professional features of Chinese sports journalism and Chinese elite sport are elaborated and the different characteristics of Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sportspeople are examined. The study then investigates how the cultural differences between Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sportspeople affect their understandings of news values and the duty of the news media and concludes that the different understandings of the media's duty are often the trigger of dispute.