Academic literature on the topic 'Elisa Alicia'

A partir del análisis narrativo, televisual y hermenéutico de tres exitosas telenovelas nocturnas chilenas del subgénero policial —Alguien te mira (Rencoret, 2007), ¿Dónde está Elisa? (Demicheli y Campos, 2009) y El laberinto de Alicia (Demicheli y Aguirre, 2011)—, este artículo se pregunta por las representaciones de género que ofrecen estos relatos. Los resultados indican que estas telenovelas son un producto híbrido que combina el melodrama clásico con el relato policial. A diferencia de las producciones diurnas y vespertinas, los protagonistas aquí son de la clase alta; y el relato es ágil y dinámico, y juega con el secreto y el suspenso. Sin embargo, en una lectura de género, puede verse que, aunque las mujeres son presentadas inicialmente como autónomas, independientes y empoderadas, finalmente terminan cumpliendo un rol clásico: el de madres.

Desde la restitución de la democracia en Argentina en 1983, hubo mujeres que dieron su testimonio sobre el terrorismo de estado y lo enmarcaron en las diferentes temporalidades y disputas políticas dentro de las luchas por las memorias. Sin embargo, fueron minoría los relatos que, más allá de aquellas instancias, problematizaron la relación entre violencia política y género, y menos aún las que además reflexionaron sobre el acto de escritura. En este artículo me interesa trabajar ambos aspectos, para ello analizo cuatro libros pioneros en plantear las relaciones entre mujeres, violencia política y terrorismo de estado en Argentina: The Little School. Tales of disappearence and survival (1998) de Alicia Partnoy, Mujeres Guerrilleras. La militancia de los setenta en el testimonio de sus protagonistas femeninas (1997), de Marta Diana; Pájaros sin luz. Testimonio de mujeres de desaparecidos (1999) de Noemí Ciollaro y Ese Infierno. Conversaciones de cinco mujeres sobrevivientes de la ESMA (2001) de Munú Actis, Cristina Aldini, Liliana Gardella, Miriam Lewin y Elisa Tokar.

Este artículo se centra en la novela Madame Lynch, escrita por la feminista paraguaya María Concepción Leyes de Chaves en el año 1957, es decir, en el momento en que la lucha por el voto femenino estaba en el punto más álgido en su país. En esta obra, la autora consigue reconstruir y darle un nuevo perfil a Elisa Alicia Lynch, un personaje femenino cuya moral había sido cuestionada públicamente porque había sido amante y madre de los hijos del presidente Francisco Solano López, aun cuando se había casado previamente con otro hombre; porque influyó en las decisiones políticas de su marido y opinó públicamente acerca de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza; y porque renegó de su educación familiar desde muy temprana edad. La primera mitad del artículo comienza con una panorámica del momento de publicación de la novela, algunas referencias acerca del movimiento de mujeres en Paraguay y su relación con el stronismo; sigue con un recorrido de las distintas reconstrucciones que se hicieron de Madame Lynch -antes y después de su muerte- en la prensa y la literatura; y desemboca en una presentación de María Concepción Leyes de Chaves como subjetividad social. Tras el establecimiento de este marco de lectura, la segunda mitad del texto se centra en el análisis de la novela Madame Lynch desde la teoría de los afectos. Esta aproximación permitirá constatar cómo, en esta novela, se desplazan los significados y las emociones que circundaron al personaje por décadas y, con ello, se abre un debate sobre la identidad de las mujeres políticas. Dado el activismo de la escritora y el momento que atravesaba la nación cuando aparece la obra que nos ocupa, será sencillo percibir cómo María Concepción se sirvió de su centralidad y de la literatura para convertir las identidades de las mujeres políticas en elementos deseables para su presente y, de ese modo, argumentar a favor de la participación de las mujeres en los espacios de toma de decisión.

Abstract Objective: 1st: Assess the presence of residual infiltrating component in the surgical specimen of patients with Luminal Her2- tumors ≤ 2cm and ultrasound-negative axilla, following ultrasound-guided cryoablation. 2nd: Demonstrate that preoperative seed placement prior to cryoablation does not interfere with tumor cell elimination by freezing. Methods: Between April 2021 and April 2023, we performed preoperative cryoablation on 52 patients aged 53 to 79 years (mean 64) with 52 unifocal invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) measuring 4 to 20 mm (mean 10), low grade (24 G1, 28 G2), 31 Luminal A and 21 B, Ki67 between 3 and 30% (mean 13). On ultrasound, all IDCs were visible and axilla-negative. 26 of them (50%) were referred from the screening program of the Community of Madrid. The tumor-to-skin surface distance ranged from 2 to 18 mm (mean 9 mm). All patients underwent mammography-tomosynthesis, staging, and biopsy under ultrasound guidance. The minimum time elapsed until surgery was 6 days, and the maximum was 78 days (mean 22). All patients underwent mammography-tomosynthesis, staging, and biopsy under ultrasound guidance. MRI was performed to rule out extensive intraductal component in 17 out of 20 patients with associated intraductal carcinoma (IDC) in the diagnostic biopsy. Preoperative marking with ferromagnetic seed placement was performed in all cases prior to cryoablation, using a single dose of anesthesia and through the same skin access. We used the ICEfx Galil Boston Scientific cryoablation system with 17G or 14G needles, applying the standard triple-phase protocol: freezing-passive thawing-freezing for approximately 40 minutes. The correct placement of the seed was subsequently confirmed by mammography. Results: There were no significant complications in any case. Out of 52 low-risk unifocal IDCs: -32 were pure IDCs (without associated intraductal component in diagnostic biopsy): no residual IDC was identified in the tumor specimen. -20 were mixed IDCs (with associated IDC in the diagnostic biopsy): *In 4 cases, residual IDC was found in the surgical specimen, with some foci of IDC remaining at the periphery of the post-cryoablation necrosis. *In 8 patients, foci of IDC were detected distant from the cryoablation zone. The pathologist determined that all samples had tumor-free margins. Conclusions: Cryoablation is effective in 100% of cases for pure infiltrating tumors ≤ 2cm. The presence of scattered IDC nests away from the cryoablation zone or at the margin of fat necrosis does not indicate technique failure, as all surgical specimens were determined to have tumor-free margins by the pathologist. For mixed infiltrating tumors, the ice ball should broadly cover the tumor size estimated by ultrasound and MRI. Standard adjuvant treatment will equalize the risk of recurrence with conventional lumpectomy. Table 1: 52 cases IDC unifocal ≤2cm Table 2: IDC Pure ≤2cm. Table 3: IDC mixed: IDC+DCIs ≤2cm Analysis of surgical specimen Citation Format: Maria José Roca Navarro, Pilar Zamora, Ylenia Navarro Monforte, Diego Garrido Alonso, Vicenta Córdoba Chicote, Teresa Diaz de Bustamante Durban, José María Oliver Goldaracena, Laura Yebenes Gregorio, Covadonga Marti, Jose Ignacio Sanchez-Mendez, Elisa Moreno, Laura Frías Aldeguer, Adolfo Loayza Galindo, Alberto Berjón García, Marcos Melendez Gisper, Carmen Martín Hervás, Lara Miralles, Cristina Escabias del Pozo, Younes Abadi, Elisa York Pineda, Gonzalo Garzón Moll, David Hardisson Hernáez, Alicia Hernández Gutiérrez, César Casado Sánchez, Virginia Martínez Marín, Shirin Zarbakhsh, Joaquin Gomez Ramirez. Preoperative cryoablation in 52 Her2- Luminal invasive ductal carcinomas ≤ 2cm. Analysis of the tumor specimen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-01-12.

En un pasaje ya clásico de Lewis Carroll, Alicia pregunta al Gato de Chesire por qué camino ha de andar a lo que este le responde con un nuevo cuestionamiento de ¿A dónde quieres ir? Para Alicia la respuesta no es importante por lo que el gato responde que en consecuencia tampoco es trascendente el camino que elija. En El derecho penal frente a la discriminación laboral algorítmica del Dr. Alfredo Abadías se expresa «Nos encontramos en una sociedad cambiante, que fluctúa, que navega sin un claro norte por la creciente incertidumbre y la falta de seguridad».

Abstract Background: While there is growing evidence that physical activity increases ovarian cancer risk, studies to date have been focused primarily on women of European ancestry. Little is known about whether physical inactivity is also associated with ovarian cancer risk in women of African ancestry. Methods: In three studies in the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry (OCWAA) consortium (Los Angeles County Ovarian Cancer Study, the Southern Community Cohort Study, and the Women’s Health Initiative), we classified women as being physically inactive in their lifetime (yes/no) by either a ‘no’ response to a question about ever participating in regular, weekly, recreational physical activity (case-control study), or if participants reported no regular weekly moderate or vigorous recreational physical activity in all time periods prior to the reference date (cohort studies). We evaluated associations of lifetime physical inactivity and ovarian cancer risk overall and according to histologic subtype (high-grade serous, non-high-grade serous) and stage (localized/regional, distant). Associations were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for age, study, education, parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, tubal ligation status, postmenopausal hormone use, smoking status, and family history of breast/ovarian cancer. Results: The sample includes 195 African ancestry (AA) cases, 606 AA controls, 2,009 White cases, and 7,229 White controls. AA women had a higher proportion of chronic inactivity than White women: 94 (48%) of cases and 182 (30%) of controls, vs 576 (29%) of cases and 1,467 (20%) of controls, respectively. In AA women, we observed higher risk for invasive ovarian cancer (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.18) for women who were physically inactive, compared to physically active women. In AA women, no heterogeneity in this association was observed by histologic subtype, but when stratified by stage, we found higher odds of ovarian cancer for physically inactive women with localized/regional stage disease (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.09) and no association among women with distant stage disease (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.85). In White women, we observed borderline significant associations for invasive ovarian cancer only (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.27); no differences in this association were observed by histotype or stage. Conclusion: Our study suggests that physical inactivity contributes to invasive ovarian cancer risk in AA women. Citation Format: Albina Minlikeeva, Sarah M. Lima, Courtney Johnson, Elisa V. Bandera, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Traci N. Bethea, Jessica Petrick, Charlotte E. Joslin, Evan Myers, Holly R. Harris, Lauren C. Peres, V. Wendy Setiawan, Anna H. Wu, Lynn Rosenberg, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Heather M. Ochs-Balcom. Physical inactivity is associated with ovarian cancer in women of African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Ovarian Cancer; 2023 Oct 5-7; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B037.

Abstract Introduction: Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have worse survival compared to other racial groups, and the causes of these poor outcomes remain unclear. Compared to other racial groups, Black women are disproportionately affected by comorbid conditions which can adversely impact cancer care and outcomes. Thus, we examined the association of pre-diagnostic comorbid conditions and their associated medications with survival among Black women with EOC. Methods: Using data from Black women with EOC in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study, we evaluated the self-reported Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and three cardiometabolic comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). We also characterized whether women with each cardiometabolic condition were using medication for their condition. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to examine survival by the CCI, each cardiometabolic comorbidity, and medication use. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of comorbid conditions and medications with survival while adjusting for age at diagnosis, stage, histotype, and study site. Results: Among 592 Black women with EOC, 35% had a CCI ≥2, and the prevalence of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension was 19%, 31%, and 62%, respectively. Among women with each cardiometabolic condition, the prevalence of medication use for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was 73%, 78%, and 60%. In bivariate analyses, women with a higher CCI, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension had worse survival compared to women without these conditions (P<0.05). However, when adjusting for prognostic factors, only a high CCI (≥2 vs. 0) and diabetes were significantly associated with higher hazard of death (HR=1.36, 95% CI=1.06-1.74 and HR=1.40, 95% CI=1.08-1.81, respectively). Investigating the independent associations of each condition included in the CCI with survival revealed that diabetes was largely driving the association of CCI with survival. When considering medication use, women with diabetes, irrespective of medication use, women with hypertension not on medication, and women with hyperlipidemia on medication had worse survival compared to women without these conditions in bivariate models (P<0.05). Compared to women without diabetes, women with diabetes on medication and women with diabetes not on medication had a statistically significant higher hazard of death in multivariable models (HR=1.39, 95% CI=1.02-1.88 and HR=1.63, 95% CI=1.04-2.57, respectively). No associations with survival were observed when considering medication use for hypertension and hyperlipidemia after adjusting for prognostic factors. Conclusion: Similar to prior studies among White women with EOC, diabetes, regardless of medication status, was strongly associated with poorer survival among Black women with EOC. Citation Format: Alicia Richards, Courtney E. Johnson, Anthony J. Alberg, Elisa V. Bandera, Melissa Bondy, Michele L. Cote, Theresa A. Hastert, Kristen Haller, Jeffrey R. Marks, Edward S. Peters, Paul D. Terry, Andrew B. Lawson, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Lauren C. Peres. Pre-diagnostic comorbid conditions and survival among black women with ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4829.

Abstract PURPOSE: Women with endometriosis have a 2 to 3-fold greater risk of endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer than other women, based on estimates from studies predominantly of White women. Fibroids have not been consistently associated with ovarian cancer risk but are the most common indication for hysterectomies in the U.S. Hysterectomy has been associated with lower ovarian cancer risk in subgroups of women including those with fibroids; thus fibroids may indirectly impact ovarian cancer risk. We evaluated the association of endometriosis and fibroids with ovarian cancer risk among Black and White women, taking into consideration the impact of hysterectomy. METHODS: We used data from six studies in the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry (OCWAA) consortium. Participants included 2,995 Black women and 5,281 White women. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between endometriosis and fibroids with ovarian cancer risk, overall, by race, and stratified by histotype. We also assessed effect modification by hysterectomy. RESULTS: Overall the prevalences of endometriosis and fibroids were 6.4% and 43.2% among Black women and 7.0% and 21.5% among White women, respectively. Endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer in Black and White women. Among Black women the association was strongest for endometrioid tumors (OR=7.06; 95% CI=3.86-12.91) compared to White women (OR=2.17; 95% CI=1.36-3.45) with a significant difference by race (phetereogeneity=0.003). When stratified by hysterectomy the association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer risk in White women was stronger in those who did not report a hysterectomy. However, in Black women, the elevated risk of ovarian cancer among women with endometriosis was present among those with and without hysterectomy. Fibroids were associated with a slightly elevated risk of ovarian cancer in Black (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.11-1.62) and White women (OR=1.22; 95% CI=1.05-1.41). For both groups, the association was present only in those who did not report a hysterectomy. Black women who had a history of fibroids and no hysterectomy had a 53% greater odds of ovarian cancer (95% CI=1.23-1.89) compared to those without fibroids, while there was no association with fibroids in the hysterectomy group (OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.62-1.36) (pinteraction=0.05). A similar pattern was observed among White women, but the interaction was not significant (pinteraction=0.21). CONCLUSION: Both Black and White women with endometriosis had a higher risk of ovarian cancer, and hysterectomy modified this association only among White women. Fibroids were associated with modestly increased risk of ovarian cancer among Black and White women, with hysterectomy modifying the risk in both groups. Further research is needed to understanding how racial differences in diagnoses of these conditions, and differential access to care and treatment options, impact or modify ovarian cancer risk. Citation Format: Holly Harris, Lauren Peres, Courtney Johnson, Kristin Guertin, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Elisa Bandera, Traci Bethea, Charlotte Joslin, Anna Wu, Patricia Moorman, Heather Ochs-Balcom, Jessica Petrick, Veronica Setiawan, Lynn Rosenberg, Joellen Schildkraut, Evan Myers. Racial differences in the association of endometriosis and fibroids with risk of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C105.

Abstract BST2, a raft-associated type II transmembrane protein, functions as a restriction factor and inhibits HIV release by cross-linking virions onto infected cell surfaces. It also engages ILT7, a specific inhibitory receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are associated with poor prognosis when infiltrate patients’ breast tumors. Two groups have identified BST2 isoforms of different lengths, generated by post-transcriptional modification. Based on these findings and our work on protein interaction of ILT7-BST2, we hypothesized that the expression of BST2 isoforms differed in normal and cancer tissues. To demonstrate that, we generated and characterized anti-long BST2 isoform monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Results were compared with our previously developed mAb anti-BST2 full length molecule, 26F8, that recognizes a common epitope to all BST2 isoforms. By comparing the amino acid sequences of different isoforms of BST2, we identified a region of 24 residues on the extracellular domain of BST2, restricted to its long isoform. We then generated mAbs by hybridoma technology, immunizing BALB/c mice with the 24 mers peptide-KLH conjugated. Screening and positive selection of several clones were performed following our lab SOP. One of the mAbs, LA5, was selected based on positive ELISA against the immunogen and FACS staining of recombinant HEK293 cells expressing full-length BST2 protein. Pharmacokinetic determined using OCTET platform, revealed a KD of 4.61+/- 0.074 × 10−9 M for LA5. Epitope mapping of LA5 on BST2 overlapping peptides, confirmed specific recognition of full-length BST2 protein and the peptide used as immunogen. LA5 heavy and light chains were sequenced and analysis was performed by IgBlast and IMGTV. Binding of LA5 and 26F8 to the myeloma cell lines MM1 (B-lymphoblast) and U266 (B-lymphocyte) by flow cytometry, indicated 97-100% positive cells with both mAbs, with higher MFI values observed for clone 26F8: 5.8 and 1.8-fold-increase in MM1 and U266 cells respectively. IHC on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues of human ductal breast carcinoma, revealed that LA5 staining was able to identify infiltrating carcinoma cells but not the normal surrounding acinar cells. In contrast, 26F8 staining did not discriminate between BST2+ malignant and surrounding normal acinar cells. Currently, we are analyzing a panel of >105 breast cancer tissue samples of different molecular classifications. Initial data revealed a high-level of expression of BST2 (by 26F8) on the epithelial area of the tumors, lower in the TME (tumor microenvironment-infiltrating immune cells) and almost negative expression in the surrounding fibroblasts rich stroma. Evaluation of IHC staining by LA5 is being processed and yet to be established. These IHC findings indicate a potential diagnostic value of LA5 to distinct between tumor and normal cells in patients’ specimens. Treatment prospects may arise during the process. Citation Format: Laura C. Bover, Ahmed Muhsin, Long T. Vien, Felipe Amaya Manzanares, Zhuang Wu, Janis D. Johnson, Diego Castro Reyes, Myrthala Moreno-Smith, Estefania Labanca, Irene Sorin, Silvia Saucedo, Silvina Gazzaniga, Alicia I. Bravo. Monoclonal antibody against BST2 isoform: potential tool for diagnostic and cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6350.

La ricerca e la scelta minuziosa della parola giusta dominano il mondo creativo di Elsa Morante e risultano dallo spoglio dei manoscritti: sono famose le sue liste di parole, che testimoniano di un continuo lavorio per l’individuazione della più opportuna, che meglio si adatti ad un determinato contesto. Da lettrice che avverte, da studiosa di letteratura aperta ad alcuni settori della linguistica che verifica, leggendo e rileggendo con strumenti adeguati, rimandi da un’opera all’altra e nota punti di contatto, costanti, ritorni con nuove valenze o le stesse del passato, ho deciso di affrontare il presente lavoro, Per un Lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante, suddiviso in varie parti tra loro correlate: l’Introduzione che informa sulle motivazioni che hanno condotto alla sua formulazione, sulla metodologia seguita e sulle opere selezionate per l’analisi lessicografica; segue la Prima parte, Spunti per un’analisi critica, che offre la sezione critica della Seconda, ovvero quella del lessico vero e proprio con lemmi e relative schede, redatto tenendo in considerazione le norme del Centro per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo. In questa Seconda parte, intitolata Lessico, di ciascun lemma vengono forniti i contesti significativi (schede-contesto) dell’ampiezza necessaria per renderli autonomamente intelligibili così da creare una voce del Lessico. Il Lessico non comprende tutte le parole presenti nelle opere da me vagliate, ma solo quelle ritenute più rappresentative della produzione creativa della scrittrice. Alla Terza parte, Index locorum, spetta il compito di offrire i risultati dello spoglio integrale di ciascun lemma inserito nel Lessico, condotto col ricorso al calcolatore elettronico; nasce per favorire un’analisi più obiettiva, per verifica del lavoro qui proposto da parte di qualsiasi studioso ne sia interessato, per mostrare le scelte operate (e avallarle o metterle in discussione), le occorrenze entrate nel Lessico come esempi più significativi di una data voce, le occorrenze scartate. Segue la Bibliografia, comprendente i testi utili allo sviluppo del mio studio, con informazioni sulle opere di Elsa Morante e l’elenco di libri, saggi e articoli sull’autrice e non, citati o consultati. Non si presenta in queste pagine un’analisi lessicografica dell’intera produzione artistica di Elsa Morante. Mi sono proposta uno scopo circoscritto a tre opere: Lettere ad Antonio, Alibi e Aracoeli, intendendo valorizzare tre testi che rispetto a Menzogna e sortilegio, L’isola di Arturo, Il Mondo salvato dai ragazzini e La Storia sono stati trascurati e non sempre analizzati con la dovuta attenzione. Critica letteraria, semantica lessicale o lessicologia, lessicografia costituiscono i percorsi utili alla creazione di Per un lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante, permettono formulazioni più certe sull’attività, pensiero e linguaggio della scrittrice, sullo studio dei significati e dei sensi della sua ‘lingua individuale’ e degli imprescindibili fattori storico-culturali in cui essa si inserisce. Storia letteraria e linguistica dunque, come vuole il padre della critica stilistica Leo Sptizer, per meglio comprendere l’autore studiato. Nel Lessico, i lemmi si succedono in ordine alfabetico. Perché il lavoro complessivo crei un’intersezione delle varie parti per generare un organismo completo, va evidenziato che sono stati individuati percorsi per una più agile lettura del Lessico ─ poi approfonditi nella Prima parte, ovvero nella sezione critica ─ incentrati su delle voci significative, ciascuna delle quali si pone al centro di costellazioni terminologiche e quindi concettuali. È possibile creare insiemi di termini e concetti interdipendenti, da esaminare in connessione, per giungere ad una veduta complessiva degli esempi addotti ad esplicazione della terminologia morantiana. Tramite un’analisi sistematica sono state individuate alcune parole significative, chiamate ‘parole-guida’, ciascuna delle quali si pone a capo di un gruppo o insieme o ─ per usare una di quelle parole tratte dall’astronomia che compaiono nell’opera della Morante ─ “costellazione” di parole, costellazione terminologica come già detto, contenente un numero di parole che nell’opera della Morante sono alla parola-guida legate per affinità tematica. Come fosse un gioco di scatole cinesi, all’interno di ciascuna costellazione terminologica sono stati creati dei sottoinsiemi. Ogni sottoinsieme possiede a sua volta una parola-guida, resa graficamente in carattere minore, e contiene termini imparentati tematicamente ad essa e alla parola-guida che tutto contiene. La chiave interpretativa offerta e le soluzioni trovate, già presenti nella Seconda parte, Lessico, nella selezione delle schede-contesto, cioè nella scelta degli esempi utili alla costruzione delle voci, verranno approfondite in Spunti per un’analisi critica, sezione con intento esplicativo, d’approfondimento delle parole-lemma e del loro inserimento nell’ambito culturale e storico della Morante, ovvero nella sezione propriamente di critica letteraria che sulla parte lessicale fonda le proprie analisi e ipotesi. Se consideriamo diacronicamente l’opera complessiva della Morante da un lato appare chiara – come alcuni approcci linguistici ad essa hanno dimostrato – la metamorfosi oltre che necessariamente tematica, stilistica (variazione dei registri, la presenza o assenza di pluringuismo ecc.) dall’altro lato meno evidente ma altrettanto determinante ai fini di una migliore conoscenza dell’opera e dell’autrice l’esistenza di un nucleo che nel sistema lessicale morantiano si mantiene saldo e stabile dagli inizi alla fine della sua carriera artistica. Certamente col passare del tempo si aggiungeranno nuovi lessemi che non andranno ad intaccare i precedenti, i quali a loro volta possono diventare polisemi o aggiungere nuovi sensi accanto a quelli originari. Con questo lavoro si tenta di individuare e analizzare se non tutto, almeno in parte, proprio quel nucleo di lessemi.
The careful search for and choice of the right word dominate the creative world of Elsa Morante and are evident from examination of her manuscripts: her lists of words are quite well-known, testifying to a continuous work for identifying the most appropriate one, best suited to a given context. As a perceptive reader, as a discerning literary academic geared to certain areas of linguistics, by reading and rereading with appropriate tools, by cross-referencing from one work to another and noting the points of contact, constant and repetitive, coming back with new valences or the same as in the past, I decided to undertake this work, Per un Lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante (For an intellectual Lexicon of Elsa Morante), divided into various interrelated parts: the Introduction that states the reasons which led to its formulation, the methods used and the works selected for lexicographical analysis; followed by Part One, Ideas for a critical analysis, which provides the critical section of Part Two, namely the actual lexicon proper with entries and related explanatory files, drawn up by taking into account the norms of the Centre for European Intellectual Lexicon. In this second part, entitled Lexicon, for each term are provided meaningful contexts (context-files) of sufficient amplitude in order to make them independently comprehensive so as to create an entry in the Lexicon. The Lexicon does not include all the words present in the works I examined, but only those considered most representative of the writer's creative output. Part Three, Index locorum, has the task of offering the results of the complete examination of each entry included in the Lexicon, conducted with the use of computer calculations; it was created to foster a more objective analysis, for verification of the work proposed here on the part of any scholar who may be interested, to show the choices made (and endorse or question them): the occurrences entered into the Lexicon as the most significant examples of a given item as well as the occurrences discarded. At the end is the Bibliography, including the texts useful for the development of my study, with information on the works of Elsa Morante and the list of books, essays and articles on the author and related topics, whether cited or only consulted. A lexicographical analysis of the entire literary production of Elsa Morante does not appear in these pages. I have set myself a goal confined to three books: Letters to Antonio, Alibi and Aracoeli, with the intention of bringing forth these three texts, which, with respect to Menzogna e sortilegio (House Of Liars), L’isola di Arturo (Arturo's Island), Il Mondo salvato dai ragazzini (The World Saved by Children) and La Storia (History) have been neglected and not always analyzed with due attention. Literary criticism, lexical semantics or lexicology, and lexicography lay the bases useful in creating For an intellectual Lexicon of Elsa Morante, allowing more certain formulations on the activity, thought and language of the writer, about the study of the meanings and nuances of her “individual language” and regarding the inexorable historical and cultural factors which influence it. Literary and linguistic history, therefore, as envisaged by the father of stylistic criticism, Leo Spitzer, to better understand the author studied. In the Lexicon, the entries are in alphabetical order. So that the overall work creates an intersection of the various parts as to generate a complete organism, it should be noted that ways have been identified for a more flexible reading of the Lexicon ─ expanded upon further in Part One, namely the critical section ─ focused on certain significant terms, each of which is the focus of terminological and thus conceptual patterns. One can create interdependent sets of terms and concepts to examine interrelatedly in order to achieve a general view of the examples put forward to explain the Morantian terminology. Through systematic analysis have been identified several significant words, called “guide-words”, each of which stands at the head of a group or set or ─ to use one of those words taken from astronomy which appear in the works of Morante ─ a "constellation" of words, a terminological constellation as mentioned above, containing a number of words which in the works of Morante are related to the guide-word through thematic affinity. Like a Russian matryoshka doll, within each terminological constellation subsets are created. Each subset in turn has a guide-word, graphically expressed in smaller characters, and contains terms related to it thematically and to the overall word-guide containing everything. The interpretative key provided and the solutions found, already included in Part Two, Lexicon, in the selection of the context-files, i.e. in the choice of examples useful for creating entries, will be expanded upon in Ideas for a critical analysis. This section has an explanatory intent, expanding upon the word-entries and their inclusion in the cultural and historical environment of Morante. Furthermore, the section of literary criticism itself bases its analyses and assumptions on the lexical sphere. If we consider the whole range of Morante’s works diachronically, on one hand it appears clear - as some linguistic approaches to it have shown – that the metamorphosis beyond being necessarily thematic is stylistic (variation in register, the presence or absence of multilingualism, etc.) On the other hand, less obvious but equally essential for a better understanding of the work and of the author, is the existence of a core which in the Morantian lexical system keeps itself solid and stable from the beginning to the end of her career. Certainly over time new lexemes will come to be added that will not affect the preceding ones, which in turn may become polysemes or add new meaning alongside the original ones. With this work an attempt is made to identify and analyze, if not all, at least a part of, that very core of lexemes.