Relevant bibliographies by topics / Elevational cline

Academic literature on the topic 'Elevational cline'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Elevational cline"

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Jin, Yuanting, and Pinghu Liao. "An elevational trend of body size variation in a cold-climate agamid lizard, Phrynocephalus theobaldi." Current Zoology 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.3.444.

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Abstract The pattern that many ectotherms have smaller body sizes in cold environments follows the converse to Bergmann’s rule and is most frequently found in lizards. Allen’s rule predicts animals from warm climates usually have longer tails and limbs, while these traits tend to be shorter in individuals from cold climates. We examined body size variation in an endemic Chinese lizard Phrynocephalus theobaldi along a broad elevational gradient (3,600–5,000 m on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau). Female body size showed a U-shaped cline, decreasing with increased elevation within the range 3,600–4,200 m, but increasing at elevations > 4200 m. Male body size continued to increase with increasing elevations. Both sexes showed an increased pattern of extremity length with elevation that does not conform to Allen’s rule. Limb length and tail length increased along the elevational gradients. In terms of color pattern, an abdominal black speckled area appears at elevations >4,200 m. This trait increases in size with increased elevation. Unlike most studies, our results indicated that annual sunshine hours corresponding to the activity period of the lizards could play an important role on the positive body size cline in environments at very high elevations > 4200 m.
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Calfee, Erin, Daniel Gates, Anne Lorant, M. Taylor Perkins, Graham Coop, and Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra. "Selective sorting of ancestral introgression in maize and teosinte along an elevational cline." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): e1009810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009810.

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While often deleterious, hybridization can also be a key source of genetic variation and pre-adapted haplotypes, enabling rapid evolution and niche expansion. Here we evaluate these opposing selection forces on introgressed ancestry between maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and its wild teosinte relative, mexicana (Zea mays ssp. mexicana). Introgression from ecologically diverse teosinte may have facilitated maize’s global range expansion, in particular to challenging high elevation regions (> 1500 m). We generated low-coverage genome sequencing data for 348 maize and mexicana individuals to evaluate patterns of introgression in 14 sympatric population pairs, spanning the elevational range of mexicana, a teosinte endemic to the mountains of Mexico. While recent hybrids are commonly observed in sympatric populations and mexicana demonstrates fine-scale local adaptation, we find that the majority of mexicana ancestry tracts introgressed into maize over 1000 generations ago. This mexicana ancestry seems to have maintained much of its diversity and likely came from a common ancestral source, rather than contemporary sympatric populations, resulting in relatively low FST between mexicana ancestry tracts sampled from geographically distant maize populations. Introgressed mexicana ancestry in maize is reduced in lower-recombination rate quintiles of the genome and around domestication genes, consistent with pervasive selection against introgression. However, we also find mexicana ancestry increases across the sampled elevational gradient and that high introgression peaks are most commonly shared among high-elevation maize populations, consistent with introgression from mexicana facilitating adaptation to the highland environment. In the other direction, we find patterns consistent with adaptive and clinal introgression of maize ancestry into sympatric mexicana at many loci across the genome, suggesting that maize also contributes to adaptation in mexicana, especially at the lower end of its elevational range. In sympatric maize, in addition to high introgression regions we find many genomic regions where selection for local adaptation maintains steep gradients in introgressed mexicana ancestry across elevation, including at least two inversions: the well-characterized 14 Mb Inv4m on chromosome 4 and a novel 3 Mb inversion Inv9f surrounding the macrohairless1 locus on chromosome 9. Most outlier loci with high mexicana introgression show no signals of sweeps or local sourcing from sympatric populations and so likely represent ancestral introgression sorted by selection, resulting in correlated but distinct outcomes of introgression in different contemporary maize populations.
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Anderson, Rodolfo O., Lesley A. Alton, Craig R. White, and David G. Chapple. "Ecophysiology of a small ectotherm tracks environmental variation along an elevational cline." Journal of Biogeography 49, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14311.

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Brandt, Erin E., Kevin T. Roberts, Caroline M. Williams, and Damian O. Elias. "Low temperatures impact species distributions of jumping spiders across a desert elevational cline." Journal of Insect Physiology 122 (April 2020): 104037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104037.

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Lu, Xin, Lina Tong, and Xiaoyan Ma. "Variation of body size, age structure and growth of a temperate frog, Rana chensinensis, over an elevational gradient in Northern China." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 1 (2009): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809787392685.

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AbstractIdentifying the patterns of body size, age and growth in relation to environments may help us to understand the evolution of life history of organisms. This study compared the variability in these demographic traits of a temperate frog, Rana chensinensis, among populations from Northern China located at three elevations (567, 1470 and 1700 m) with distinct mean annual temperature (12.1, 5.8 and 3.9°C). Overall, frogs from higher elevations tended to be larger in body size, partially because despite shorter growing seasons, they lived longer as a result of delayed maturity. However, discordance with the expected cline was detected between neighboring populations and the variation was sex specific. Adult females became significantly older and larger as elevation varied from 567 m to 1470 m, but the two traits no longer increased with an elevational shift from 1470 m to 1700 m. Adult males at 1470 m were similar in age and size to animals at 567 m but significantly younger and smaller than those at 1700 m. This suggested that sexes could be exposed to different pressures along elevation gradients with females being stronger than males in life history responses to the elevation-induced environmental change. We also showed that factors other than age also contributed to size differences both among populations and between the sexes.
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Wagg, Cameron, Brian C. Husband, D. Scott Green, Hugues B. Massicotte, and R. Larry Peterson. "Soil microbial communities from an elevational cline differ in their effect on conifer seedling growth." Plant and Soil 340, no. 1-2 (November 3, 2010): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0621-x.

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Nelson, Annika S., Cole T. Symanski, Matthew J. Hecking, and Kailen A. Mooney. "Elevational cline in herbivore abundance driven by a monotonic increase in trophic‐level sensitivity to aridity." Journal of Animal Ecology 88, no. 9 (June 19, 2019): 1406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13034.

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Wang, Guo-Dong, Bao-Lin Zhang, Wei-Wei Zhou, Yong-Xin Li, Jie-Qiong Jin, Yong Shao, He-chuan Yang, et al. "Selection and environmental adaptation along a path to speciation in the Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 22 (May 14, 2018): E5056—E5065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716257115.

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Tibetan frogs, Nanorana parkeri, are differentiated genetically but not morphologically along geographical and elevational gradients in a challenging environment, presenting a unique opportunity to investigate processes leading to speciation. Analyses of whole genomes of 63 frogs reveal population structuring and historical demography, characterized by highly restricted gene flow in a narrow geographic zone lying between matrilines West (W) and East (E). A population found only along a single tributary of the Yalu Zangbu River has the mitogenome only of E, whereas nuclear genes of W comprise 89–95% of the nuclear genome. Selection accounts for 579 broadly scattered, highly divergent regions (HDRs) of the genome, which involve 365 genes. These genes fall into 51 gene ontology (GO) functional classes, 14 of which are likely to be important in driving reproductive isolation. GO enrichment analyses of E reveal many overrepresented functional categories associated with adaptation to high elevations, including blood circulation, response to hypoxia, and UV radiation. Four genes, including DNAJC8 in the brain, TNNC1 and ADORA1 in the heart, and LAMB3 in the lung, differ in levels of expression between low- and high-elevation populations. High-altitude adaptation plays an important role in maintaining and driving continuing divergence and reproductive isolation. Use of total genomes enabled recognition of selection and adaptation in and between populations, as well as documentation of evolution along a stepped cline toward speciation.
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Meier, Joana I., Patricio A. Salazar, Marek Kučka, Robert William Davies, Andreea Dréau, Ismael Aldás, Olivia Box Power, et al. "Haplotype tagging reveals parallel formation of hybrid races in two butterfly species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 25 (June 21, 2021): e2015005118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015005118.

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Genetic variation segregates as linked sets of variants or haplotypes. Haplotypes and linkage are central to genetics and underpin virtually all genetic and selection analysis. Yet, genomic data often omit haplotype information due to constraints in sequencing technologies. Here, we present “haplotagging,” a simple, low-cost linked-read sequencing technique that allows sequencing of hundreds of individuals while retaining linkage information. We apply haplotagging to construct megabase-size haplotypes for over 600 individual butterflies (Heliconius erato and H. melpomene), which form overlapping hybrid zones across an elevational gradient in Ecuador. Haplotagging identifies loci controlling distinctive high- and lowland wing color patterns. Divergent haplotypes are found at the same major loci in both species, while chromosome rearrangements show no parallelism. Remarkably, in both species, the geographic clines for the major wing-pattern loci are displaced by 18 km, leading to the rise of a novel hybrid morph in the center of the hybrid zone. We propose that shared warning signaling (Müllerian mimicry) may couple the cline shifts seen in both species and facilitate the parallel coemergence of a novel hybrid morph in both comimetic species. Our results show the power of efficient haplotyping methods when combined with large-scale sequencing data from natural populations.
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Baranovská, E., and M. Knapp. "Steep converse Bergmann's cline in a carrion beetle: between- and within-population variation in body size along an elevational gradient." Journal of Zoology 304, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12527.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Elevational cline"

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Grow, Nanda Bess. "Altitudinal Effects on The Behavior and Morphology of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151337.

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Pygmy tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus) of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia are the only species of tarsier known to live exclusively at high altitudes. This study was the first to locate and observe multiple groups of this elusive primate. This research tested the hypothesis that variation in pygmy tarsier behavior and morphology correlates with measurable ecological differences that occur along an altitudinal gradient. As a response to decreased resources at higher altitudes and the associated effects on foraging competition and energy intake, pygmy tarsiers were predicted to exhibit lower population density, smaller group sizes, larger home ranges, and reduced sexually selected traits compared to lowland tarsiers. Six groups containing a total of 22 individuals were observed. Pygmy tarsiers were only found between 2000 and 2300 m, indicating allopatric separation from lowland tarsiers. As expected, the observed pygmy tarsiers lived at a lower density than lowland tarsier species, in association with decreased resources at higher altitudes. The estimated population density of pygmy tarsiers was 92 individuals per 100 ha, with 25 groups per 100 ha. However, contrary to expectation, home range sizes were not significantly larger than lowland tarsier home ranges, and average NPL was smaller than those of lowland tarsiers. The average home range size for the observed pygmy tarsiers was 2.0 ha, and the average nightly path length (NPL) was 365.36 m. Pygmy tarsiers exhibited a nonrandom, clumped distribution near forest edges. While insect abundance and biomass were found to decrease as altitude increased, insect abundance and biomass was higher along anthropogenic edges. Thus, tarsiers within the study area may mitigate the decreased availability of insects at high altitudes by remaining close to forest edges, which in turn may be related to smaller than expected home range sizes. Further, estimates of pygmy tarsier abundance may be inflated because of increased insect abundance along anthropogenic edges. Contrary to the prediction for smaller group sizes as a response to feeding competition, the observed pygmy tarsiers lived in relatively large groups with multiple adult males. However, in support of the prediction for energetic constraints on body proportions, the observed pygmy tarsiers did not exhibit sexually selected traits. The pygmy tarsiers exhibited low sexual dimorphism and small relative testes mass, a trend opposite from lowland tarsier species, which may indicate a constraint on the development of those traits. Considered together, these results suggest that the observed pygmy tarsiers have adapted to life in an environment with limited resources. Future studies should explore the possible contributing effects of seasonality and topography.
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Books on the topic "Elevational cline"

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Foltz, Jonathan. Fables of Detachment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676490.003.0002.

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This chapter outlines the way that film shaped key modernist debates about aesthetic form and the elevation of literature as a form of art. It draws on a range of contemporaneous theories of aesthetic form—from those of Roger Fry and Clive Bell to those of Vernon Lee, José Ortega y Gasset, I. A. Richards, and William Empson—and suggests that critics have failed adequately to credit the historical anxiety about media and mediation implicit in modernist constructions of autonomy. The desire to distinguish the purity of artistic form from ordinary modes of lived perception frequently led theorists to ponder, and puzzle at, the remarkable impurity of cinema. Indeed, film in the modernist period was commonly understood as a figure of aesthetic paradox: lacking the purposive form and stylistic nuance of true art, yet also exemplifying the detachment from life that art was held to achieve.
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Book chapters on the topic "Elevational cline"

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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Raiding the Range." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0008.

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“Home on the Range” evokes a western landscape “where the deer and the antelope play.” But even at the song’s debut in the 1870s, deer and antelope were declining in numbers and cattle grazing was degrading rangelands across the American west. In their natural state, arid North American lands are robust and productive, but they recover exceedingly slowly from heavy grazing. By 1860, more than 3.5 million domesticated grazing animals were trampling arid western soils, causing severe erosion and lowering both water quality and water supplies in a water-poor region. The early start and persistence of grazing over such a long period of time invaded every nook and cranny of the public lands, making livestock grazing the most pervasively damaging human land use across all western ecosystems. Today, grazing affects approximately 260 million acres of publicly owned forest and rangelands, mostly in the 11 western states—about equivalent to the combined area of California, Arizona, and Colorado. Those acres include Pacific Northwest - r and ponderosa forests; Great Basin big sagebrush lands; the richly H oral Sonoran Desert; magni- cent high-desert Joshua tree forests; varied shrub associations in the low-elevation Mojave, Great Basin, Chihuahuan, and other southwestern deserts; and extensive Colorado Plateau pinyon–juniper forests stretching from northern Arizona and New Mexico to southern Colorado and Utah and decorating the arid inland plateaus of Washington, Oregon, and northeastern California. Proponents of public lands grazing argue that cattle have not changed anything. They just replace the immense herds of hooved native herbivores—bison, deer, antelope, and elk—that once dominated western ranges. But in pre-European settlement times, natural forces, including unlimited predators and limited fodder, effectively controlled the native animal populations. Unlike cattle, the herds of deer, antelope, and elk wintered in generally snow-free lowland areas and used much less than their full range each year. And those animals were easier on the land, especially the rivers. Immense bison herds ranged over vast areas, never staying very long on any range. Bison rarely visited the sites of today’s major livestock grazing problems in Great Basin and southwestern deserts, however. On northern ranges, bison obtained winter moisture from eating snow and did not cling to creeks and streams the way cattle do.
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Conference papers on the topic "Elevational cline"

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Baudier, Kaitlin Mari. "Thermoregulatory responses to thermal clines: Bivouac function across the wide elevational range of a Neotropical army ant (Formicidae: Dorylinae:Eciton burchellii parvispinum)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109810.

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