Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éléments critiques'
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Gandois, Laure. "Dynamique et bilan des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) dans des écosystèmes forestiers français : modélisation, spéciation et charges critiques." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/810/.
Trace Metals (TM: Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) are dispersed in the atmosphere due to both natural and anthropogenic processes. Forest ecosystems can receive atmospheric inputs, even if they are located far from direct emission sources. In fact, forest ecosystems are particularly sensitive to atmospheric inputs since forest cover can interact with atmospheric pollution. Forest ecosystems are protected from TM atmospheric inputs through the definition of Critical Loads. TM impact on forest ecosystem is linked to their dynamic at the atmosphere/vegetation and soil/solution interfaces. Indeed, forest cover modifies atmospheric inputs. Moreover, it is through soil solution that TM are available to the biosphere and can reach ground and surface waters. During this work, TM content and speciation were determined in diverse compartments of the ecosystem (open field precipitation, throughfall, soil, soil solution and vegetation) on six forested catchments. TM partitioning between total and extractable content and soil solution, was studied in relation with soil parameters. PH was the most significant parameter for most TM extractability and solubility prediction. Cu and Pb solubility was also greatly influenced by complexation with organic colloids. Atmospheric inputs are moderate and regional differences reveal a stronger atmospheric influence on the North-East of France. Forest cover greatly modifies atmospheric inputs. Some fluxes (Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) are reduced because of direct assimilation by forest canopy. Other fluxes (Pb, Cr and Sb) are increased following dry deposition accumulation on forest canopy. Elemental budget at the plot scale depend on soil type, TM solubility in soil solution and TM mobility in trees. Critical limits and loads have been evaluated and comparison with current soil solution concentration and atmospheric inputs revealed no exceedance
Jamond, Olivier. "Propagation numérique de zones critiques dans un pneumatique par approches multi-modèles." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0020/document.
Résumé en anglais non disponible
Parry, Guillaume. "Flambage unilatéral d'un film mince en compression biaxiale : états post-critiques, transitions, influence de la compliance du substrat." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2267.
Bur, Thomas. "Impact anthropique sur les éléments traces métalliques dans les sols agricoles de Midi-Pyrénées : Implications en termes de limites et de charges critiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT025A.
Trace metal element (ETM) concentrations measured in soils result from both primary mineral weathering and exogenous inputs due to anthropogenic activities. The necessity to protect soils against contamination led, in France, to the establishment of the Soil Quality Measurement Network (RMQS) to characterize the physico-chemical and environmental parameters of agricultural soils. Within this context, ETM concentrations were measured in 124 RMQS soil stations of Midi-Pyrénées region, as well as in a small experimental catchment (Auradé, Gers). ETM vertical dynamic has been characterized for each soil profile. ETM enrichment and REE anomalies were used to characterise pedogenetic processes and the different ETM behaviours among various soil types. ETM natural theoretical concentrations (geochemical background) were modelized. The difference between geochemical background values and measured concentrations were used to estimate anthropogenic contributions. 2 to 5% of the sampling stations are affected by important Cd enrichments, and 5 to 8% of the sites by Cu enrichments, particularly in surface soil horizons. The distribution of collembola, used as bioindicator of ETM impact on soil fauna, seems to be mainly affected by soil practices. ETM bioaccumulation by these organisms mainly concerns labile elements and is enhanced by low soil pH. Field observations were confirmed in laboratory on the biological model Folsomia Candida exposed to natural soil spiked with Cd and Pb. Cd toxicity and Pb in solution seems to be enhanced for high pH. The influence of these two ETM supplied separately or jointly has induced a decrease of F. Candida reproduction and growth. After the characterization of the relative sensibility of this species among the soil fauna, F. Candida reproduction was used to establish the critical concentration in order to preserve 95% of the reproduction function for 95% of soil fauna species. This concentration and the one currently used in Europe to protect microorganism functions were both used to calculate the maximum acceptable ETM flux for agricultural soil ecosystems, with the aim to avoid irremediable harmful effects to soil (critical load). Cd and Pb critical loads strongly depend on agricultural practices. Critical flux is exceeded by present flux for 34% and 80% of the RMQS sampling sites, respectively for Cd and Pb
Guida, Manrique Leydy Carolina. "Mécanismes contrôlant la séquestration du gadolinium, du rhénium et du sélénium dans des conditions de faible teneur en oxygène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU015.
Trace elements, despite their scarcity (less than 100 parts per million) on Earth, serve diverse purposes: some act as micronutrients, while others, known as critical metals, possess unique industrial and medical applications. In oxygen-deprived natural aquatic systems electron transfers involve biogeochemical reactions catalyzed by iron, sulfur and trace elements. Understanding their reactivity in these environments remains a challenge. My Ph.D. research focus on filling this knowledge gap concerning three specific elements (rhenium (Re), selenium (Se), and gadolinium (Gd)). They exist in various chemical aqueous species in water: monovalent anion (perrhenate, ReO4—), divalent anion (selenate, SeO42—and selenite, SeO32—) or cation (Gadolinium, Gd3+). Rhenium is a critical metal, while selenium is a bioessential element at low levels, and becomes toxic in higher concentrations. Gadolinium is a rare earth element and a critical metal as well, due to its wide use as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).These elements are most concentrated in marine sediments formed in oxygen-deprived environments. Common mineral phases include pyrite (FeS2) and magnetite (Fe3O4) depending on sulfide content in those environments, and origin (autogenic vs. detritic, e.g., from volcanic rocks) of the particles. My research, presented across four chapters, investigates surface reduction (Re(VII), Se(VI) and Se(IV)) and the sorption (Gd(III)) processes on/into magnetite and pyrite particles. Employing various analytical methods such as XAFS spectroscopy, STEM-EELS spectro microscopie and MC-ICP-MS, our study reveals distinct reactive pathways. Re(VII) reacts with sulfidic water to form Re(III, IV, V)2S7 nanoparticles, while at lower concentrations Re is reduced and incorporated into particles, in different pathways characterized by less isotopic fractionation with pyrite than with magnetite. We also show that pyrite nanoparticles reduce Se(VI) and Se(IV), down to surface Se(0) or structure Se(-I) depending on whether adsorption or co-precipitation occurs. Lastly, Gd substitutes for Fe(III) in magnetite nanoparticles up to 5% Fe substitution by Gd. We attempt to unify the affinity behaviour of these and other trace elements with anoxic Fe-bearing sediments in the light of the hard and soft acids and bases principle.The study provides new insights into the mechanisms that govern the sequestration of metals and metalloids in sedimentary settings. The significance of this research lies in its relevance to contemporary scientific and technological endeavours, particularly in understanding how processes in Fe and sulfidic systems work like trace elements, Fe and S mobility, mass balance in the global sedimentary cycles to the exploration, mining and recycling of potential repositories of metals. Furthermore, it enhances our current understanding of the use of palaeoenvironmental proxies to reconstruct the Earth's formation. Finally, this study also has implications for the treatment of nuclear waste and pollution, particularly in the management of selenium (Se) and gadolinium (Gd) contamination
Hurtado, Ordoñez Nelson Adolfo. "Éléments d’esthétique anthropobiologique pour une esthétique critique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080134.
Man has remained as a supposition at the very heart of scientific and philosophicalthought. Today still the anthropological inquiry seems quite redundant since man is3 considered a being who is able to internalize his life's value and meaning, that ofothers and of his surroundings, as far as he can rule everything by the diktat of social and political consensus. With that understanding, man's history has not been otherthan the history of a philosophical injustice which has lost him through the logic of discipline and domestication. It has plunged him into a devastating fight against thedesire that he is, a fight that presents itself under the form of a total experimentation of man's world and of himself. We owe to critical thought that the anthropologicalinquiry has become the inevitable path that leads man to his own life, that he can only live with his social partners. The political, ethical, moral, aesthetic and metaphysicalprinciples which conceive man as an available being, doped on the pleasure gained in a life ruled by the economy of action are dismantled by Arnold Gehlen and JacquesPoulain. Based on the discovery of communicative process which constitute human life, the latter has unveiled the dynamics of the aesthetisation of the world and of the self-destruction of individuals and groups that appear covered with the cheerful mask of the best possible ways of life. Thus, against all prognostics, Poulain'santhropobiological aesthetic opens both a new path to an objective and truthfulunderstanding of man's reality, as well as it gives access to the aestheticinternalization of theoretic life which is man's
Al, Mikdad Mazen. "Statique et dynamique des poutres en grande rotation et résolution des problèmes d'instabilité non linéaire." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1112.
Ben, Saïd Samiha. "Le Maqâm irakien : Contexte, éléments du langage. Transcription et analyse." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040008.
The Iraqi maqam is the most important heritage in the domain of Iraqi music. The Iraqi maqam , whether recited as a literary poetic text or a dialect, represent a musical form of songs that has a major influence on Iraqis regardless of their religion, ethnic affiliation or dialect. The Iraqi maqam represent a cultural heritage in the collective memory of the Iraqis. It is sang by a singer called "reciter" accompanied by an orchestral formation called "tchalghi". Such formation constitutes some instruments the most important of which are "al-santur" and "al-joza". The maqam has many remarkable characteristics: it is never associated with a precise poetic literary text or dialect, the reciter is always free to choose the text le likes and it is never recited in the same fashion even by the same reciter. The creative side is always present through the recitation of the maqam
Allen, David F. "Vers une perspective axiologique de la schizophrénie : éléments pour un histoire critique." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070115.
This thesis traces the history & prehistory of the concept of schizophrenia : a large number of histories of schizophrenia are analysed in terms of their ideological content. From this impasse we move both back and forward to the prehistory of schizophrenia with studies of Haitzman & Hamlet: in both cases we refute the diagnosis of psychosis. The analysis of hamlet leads to the problem of the ganser syndrome which is defined as a key area of hysterical (that is non psychotic) madness: we then move to early theorists of schizophrenia-Leuret-Morel-Kraepelin-Bleuler Minkowski etc. The importance of the concept of morbid rationalism is underlined. The closing section deals with the work of a. T. Boisen and offers a minimal structure of schizophrenia
Lauraine, Françoise. "Le système des éléments dans l'oeuvre de Zola." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030086.
Primary elements system in zola's works the object of this dissertation is to study the system of the four primary elements : water, air, earth and fire, specially used in zola's works and dating back to the first stoician philosophers of the antiquity. We have first examined the system genesis and its own structure, then the part it plays at every stage of the literary creation, from the fore-text to the final text, in all the parts of the fiction work ; for example the structural, dramatical, and referential function of the system. Moreover the system also generates its stylistics, the figurative use of the elements composing it, produces metonymies, metaphors and synestesises. Besides, global syntagms like "all", "it was. . All. . One", "it was. . All", are profuse and in company with the recurrent character of pan, a universal god. From this comes out the semiology of the system, in relation with bachelard's concept of imagination and matter, and still in relation with anthropology that links imagination archetypes to science. The stoician philosophy echoes, in the text, zola's pantheism and globalizing thought. The predominance of the "artist fire", a fire of purification and creation, death felt like a return "to the universal life", evil and pain dominated by the ideal of life in harmony with nature, and "the vital energy", give evidence of a wisdom based, on the idea of an "eternal return", on the greek and latin stoicians' "palingenesis", and also on love for life, a life that should be accomplished with dignity, for the good of people
Voirol, Olivier. "Espace public, médiations, reconnaissance : éléments de reconstruction d'une théorie critique de la communication." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0054.
After a critical discussion of media and culture theory developped by the Frankfurt School presented here mainly through the works of T. W. Adorno and Jürgen Habermas, this research proposes to reconstruct it on the basis of the theory of recognition developed by Axel Honneth. Considered through the perspective of narrative, public communication in is seen as a process implying at the same time recognition relations and their negation through the double process of reification and disrespect. The research develops an approach of media wich is attentive to those tensions and conflicts and to the struggles for recognition that forms public sphere, also in his aesthetic dimension
Tucci, Marco. "La politique et son double : éléments pour une critique de l'économie politique d'aujourd'hui." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2007.
Nowadays general public is convinced, by the neoliberal doctrines and also by politicians of all political belief that the end of politics, which has become now pure administration, and that economy, qualified as its double, could replace politics in an effective way. By the consequence, the frequently followed choice by politicians to ask experts for advice to solve the governmental issues. The meaning of exhaustion of politics, confirmed by the book, written by Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, due to flattening of politics of States-Nations, due to the organisms supremacy, as the European Union, more economical than political, due to the end of the cold war between the two world powers and due to an increasing complexity of social problems. Therefore, the first question to ask is the following: may politics be replaced by its double which, in my opinion, is, the economy and not politics, the opposite of the initial Marx thought? It is necessary to remind that the relationship between economics and politics has been to the heart of Marx, Lenin, Hayek thoughts, as well, but also as per the anthropological philosophy of Hannah Arendt. If the answer to this question is negative, it is necessary to pose another question: are politics and democracy of today able to face the challenges of the future which needs steady peace, to win against the worldwide poverty, to find a new relationship between human being and nature and maybe to bring in politics a new ethics? This thesis has the aim to give some elements to answer to the aforesaid questions
Désérable, Adam Marie-France. "Sade écrivain : éléments d'approche linguistique." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040028.
Fillard, Claudette. "Walt Whitman, poète des éléments." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040072.
While many critics have stressed the importance of the four elements in Whitman's works, a thorough study of their influence on his imagination, sensitivity and theory of poetry has long been overdue. Whitman's use of "elements" and some cognate words shows how easily "elements" become "aliments" and "aliments", and unsettles the traditional vision of the poet's unruffled optimism. Trying to assess the specific role of each of the four elements in his writings, one realizes that if water is equal to its reputation, air, earth and fire are worth rehabilitating. Fire, above all, seems to have a peculiar, disturbing status which has been unduly minimized. But the exploration becomes much more rewarding when one gets rid of the straitjacket of the elementary "quaternion" and resorts to a more variegated approach. A careful perusal of the part played by the elements in Whitman's celebration of the "body electric", in his conception of space and time and variable
Burbage, Frank. "Des usages philosophiques de la notion de pauvreté : éléments d'une critique du "développement durable"." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100041.
Since the early stages of the industrial revolution in Europe, the prospect of unlimited economic growth has been fuelling the search for an overall improvement in living conditions for mankind. The social issue, born of the struggle for a more equitable distribution of advantages and wealth is met by the belief that they can and must be shared more fairly. The « sustainable development » refers to the contemporary evolution and preservation of this prospect : because, even though the ecologically destructive nature of the race for productivity is recognized and new methods more respectful of man and nature are being invented, it is also assumed that this expansionist dynamic is necessary. The new « sciences of development » make up its theoretical correlate. It is obvious that the present weight of poverty and its negativity must be counterbalanced by the output of new production. There also arises a number of issues which philosophy has to tackle. Is it absolutely certain that a good and happy life should necessarily be « developed » ? What does the word « development » actually mean ? Can poverty, which we intend to reduce or even abolish, be always and solely identified with destitution and with a negativity we should get rid of ? If the notion of poverty is reconsidered from the viewpoint of its contemporary uses, where ethics and politics meet, it constitutes a critical boundary for an emerging political ecology. Its ambiguities and ambivalences account for the perplexity that this study attempts to measure : it is not sure that yesterday's ideal of a simple and frugal life is compatible with the requirements of individual emancipation and its institution within democracy
Cassuto, Thomas. "La brevetabilité des éléments et produits du corps humain : approche critique du droit positif." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA083711.
The development of biotechnologies has induced the apprehension of any kind of elements and products of the human body. The important investments allowing the pursuit of researches lead industry in seeking for legal mecanisms to protect innovations, specially in the field of intellectual property, by the mean of patent regristration. Generally considered as uncommercializable things not having an achieved status, the realizations concern the very heart of man, and require a specific analysis to examine the organisation of positive law in the field of the patents regarding the elements and products of the human body. Then, the analysis developed on the patentability conditions confirms that general principles and the protection rules adopted specifically hid, beyond its reification and biologization, the rationalization of the exploitation of the elements and products of the human body and even the exploitation of individual. Therefore, patent law may have appeared as an observatory of the instrumentalization of the human body. The study turned to seek the juridical origin of such an evolution, specially on the very basements of patent law, and more accurately around the concept of immateriality. Then, this study allows to admit that through the patentability process, the law operates a dematerialization of the human body and its elements and products, legitimating on a technical level a new kind of appropriation and appreciation. Through the difficult question of the articulations between law and fundemental principles, and between national and international juridical standards, it appeared necessary to look at the perspectives of evolution and organisation of this branch of law
Girard, Alain. "Expériences touristiques et régime du patrimoine culturel-naturel : éléments pour une sociologie critique du tourisme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10040.
Anzah, Nehemiah M. "Corpus-formes romanesques chez Wole Soyinka et Tchicaya Utam'si : éléments pour une poétique comparée." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030136.
Brunet, Arvanitakis Emmanuelle. "Les éléments visuels dans les romans de Margaret Atwood de 1969 à 1993." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030041.
Galland, Sébastien. "La fureur et ses éléments : étude du génie mélancolique chez Giordano Bruno." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040231.
Indissociable from the reflection on the elements, the Giordano Bruno’s melancholy is built on three levels : water, earth, fire, tallying with the three faculties of the soul : imagination, reason, intellect, and the three furies : the first one dealing with bestiality, the second one with passivity and the third one with activity, and tallying also with the three hypostases of the triad : Dionysos, Artemis and Apollo. From the aquatic melancholy to the earthly one, from this to the solar one, the heroïc soul’s itinerary is taking shape, and at the same time the different moments of an infinite henology. Philosophy of assimilation, eternity, freedom and beatitude, the nolana filosofia
Tissier, Jean. "La Chronique de Maupassant : éléments de psycholecture." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040114.
The “chronique” in Maupassant’s work archetypically represents its problematicgenre, its accursed share.The author didn’t collect these columns during his lifetime, as he had done with histales and short stories which he exhumed from the pages of dailies such as LeGaulois and Gil Blas to have them published in book form. It would thus appear thatthe “chronique” is stamped with the bad conscience of a writer which, overwhelmedby a Flaubertian superego, registers within the text as symptom.Therefore, the “chronique” whose undeniable hasty redaction resulted from theconstraints and dictates of journalism fostered the subconscious’s coming to the foreof the text by displaying its scriptural materials.Alive with its own energy, the “chronique” by Maupassant, beyond opening upnarratological interactive prospects between reader and writer, sketches the author’spsyche as beset by fantasies, phobias, obsessions and fears.The Maupassantian column may lead to a specific hermeneutics in the light of theFreudian psychoanalysis
Buschinger, Philippe. "La poésie concrète dans les pays de langue allemande : éléments d'une définition." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040290.
The aim of this thesis is to specify the distinctive and objective criteria which to allow to apprehend concrete poetry as a technique of writing in itself. Then, it abstracts concrete poetry progressively from the history of its tendencies and of its particular proponents in order to develop the fundamental essence of a concrete technique of writing and to isolate an ideal and theoretically projected average value of concrete poetry that constitutes on the one hand a concrete poetics which can be used by anybody and that delimits on the other hand the subject and the object of this poetics which are to keep the perplexity of our consciousness alive and open towards the language and the world, and to maintain the survival of our critical mind. The first part of this thesis delimits the movement of concrete poetry historically and geographically. The second part is a study of the socio-historical positions of concrete poetry such as its rupture with the literary tradition, its perpetuation of an alternative tradition and its will to commit itself to the modernity of its own time. The third part analyzes concrete poetry as a technique of writing which is defined by clear postulates, vectors of a new poetics, and by a specific conception of literature, of its subject, of its object, of its reception and of its socio-historical function
Delooz, Benoît. "Le pouvoir territorial au Chili et en France : éléments d'analyse critique de la décentralisation en droit comparé." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10016/document.
The two studied legal orders consider the decentralization of territorial administration and refer to entities or territorial administrative bodies endowed with powers exercised partly or wholly through a statutory power. One of the interests of this comparative work is to find, if possible, beyond similarities and differences, one or more principles comprehending situations that are different today, although very close in origin. The essay does not pretend so much to estimate the quality of territorial autonomy, but to refine the method to know it. The chosen problematic considers preferable to reveal how the general character of the conception of territorial administration of each of the jurisdictions studied, influence the autonomy of local authorities, instead of judging rashly the "quality" of this based on an approximation often quick and segmented. The comparison does not ask the similarity of the results, but the scenario. The result of the study leads to the following hypothesis: beyond or above the ocean and political regimes, the equality principle before the law originally marks the uniformity of the nation-state and remains the ultimate boundary of the territorial power: the limits cited against its extension, whatever they are (uniformity, unity, indivisibility, non-discrimination, etc.), ultimately translate to the contemporary period, in a renewed definition of the equality principle. In other words, in both States, considered the most unitarians in their respective continents, we have gone from a principle of equality as a prototypical element of the unitary state, characterized by territorial uniformity and regulation that determines the existence and boundaries of a regulatory territorial power, to a principle of equality embodied in elements of sovereignty (régaliens) authorizing the existence of various statutes of local authorities and the exercise of that power. The main contribution of the method lies, then, on the approach to study such autonomy, so that the method is applicable to any comparison between States (or the largest number of them). Wherever the problem is tackled, the following situation arises: the consideration of the elements of institutional order (Part 1 ), of the elements of functional order (Part 2 ) and the set in motion of the latter by the former, in a temporal and geographical framework (part 3 ) is inevitable. Since each part is made up of different " invariants ", it is possible to refine the knowledge of territorial autonomy, detailing these criteria more and better defined in turn. It is then a progressive method. More than a simple table listing, the construction of this framework was revealed necessary, and could not ignore an initial comparative presentation of the horizontal separation or division of power ( political regime- constitutional government -organization - and organization of judicial power) and the system of territorial administration ( decentralization and / or regionalization). Therefore, the influence of the most notorious and remarkable of decentralization " invariants " are studied: the notion of territorial collectivity; the absence of generic notion; the meaning of the notion of legals powers; the principle of free administration or its negation ; the modalities of transfer of material powers ; the recognition or not of a territorial regulatory power and amplitude ; the notion of general or assimilated power; the control of the regulatory acts of local authorities; protection (or guarantee) of territorial regulatory power . These elements as a whole are part of the three parts mentioned above
Jubault, Geoffrey. "Les éléments autobiographiques dans "La Damnation de Faust" d'Hector Berlioz." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21032.
Hector Berlioz's Damnation of Faust cannot be classified among the usual musical genres. Halfway between the piece of concert and the opera, it is not only inspired by Goethe's Faust (translated by Nerval), but apparently also, by the composer's life. This thesis describes the composition process and highlights the autobiographical elements. These were divided into two categories. The first category investigates the supposedly autobiographical elements, namely the anecdotes of Berlioz's memoirs and correspondence consistent with the synopsis of the Damnation, the analogy of some genuine persons with those of the libretto and finally, the musical and literary influences the composer may have received. The second category regroups the proven autobiographical elements, including the reuse of some of his early compositions, the application of the precepts of the treaty and their integration into La Damnation
Benedikt, Schauder. "Coque cylindrique isotrope sous flexion et pression interne : Instabilité et comportement post-critique." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0021.
Circular cylindrical shells are often subjected to a combined loading of internal pressure and flexion. This is especially true for tank structures. The present work wants to contribute to the design of such shells. An experimental approach is used, supported by a numerical analysis. Some developments in the experimental and the numerical domain are presented. The first chapter gives a literature review about the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression, flexion and internal pressure. The numerical methods as well as the formulation of a new finite element are presented in the second chapter. The new element permits to take into account any geometrical imperfection as well as variable wall thickness around the circumference in a two dimensional formulation. The employed test methods are explained in the third chapter and a new method for characterising measured imperfections is given. The fourth chapter is reserved to the results and their analysis. A correlation between buckling loads and the measured geometrical imperfections is established and statistical analysis of the test data is presented. The influence of local imperfections onto the critical loads is studied by means of numerical calculations. The threshold pressure from which the post buckling behaviour is stable is determined by analysing the test data. The design recommendations ECCS and DASt, in which the combined loading of flexion and internal pressure is not defined explicitly, are verified by the test data
Tamby, Jean-Luc. "Éléments d'herméneutique musicale en marge de la poétique d'Édouard Glissant." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL029.
This thesis explores, under a hermeneutical approach, the musical extensions of Edouard Glissant’s poetics. In his essays and in his literary works, Edouard Glissant has treated the question of unity and multiplicity in today’s globalized and multi-polar world. Several concepts laid out by the Caribbean writer (“créolisation”, “Relation”, “baroque mondialisé”, “pensée de la trace”) are used as a starting point to study the aesthetic, formal and ideological aspects of several 20th and 21st century musical productions. Herbie Hancock’s jazz, the musics from Brittany, the works of Antonio Carlos Jobim inspired by the myth of Orpheus and Gilberto Gil’s production, are examined in this perspective. In the second part of this thesis, the concepts of “chaos-monde”, “Tout-monde”, “pensée archipelique” are seen through their musical interpretation by multi-instrumentalist improvisator Bernard Lubat and composer Thierry Pécou. Edouard Glissant’s poetics being a thinking of the world anchored into his style, this thesis concludes with a mirroring interpretation, suggested by the writer himself, between his poetry and Miles Davis’s music
Nolet, Émilie. "L' organisation sociopolitique des Tuamotu (Polynésie française) durant la dernière période pré-européenne : éléments d'approche critique et comparative." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010561.
Alsina, Jean. "Parcours intersubjectifs, stratégies intratextuelles : les enjeux du récit dans l'Espagne d'après-guerre : éléments d'analyse." Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30036.
Doctorate based on collected works. Research on the methodology of didactically aimed literary analysis in contemporary texts written in spanish. Thirty one studies testing the textual and narratological analysis approach, using the concepts of enunciation and narrative voice. The main chapter deals with the narrative practice of the 1950s in spain and the relationship between intratextual phenomena and the various strategies of reading inscription, mainly in texts by r. Sanchez ferlosio, j. Fernandez santos, r. Snachez mazas, c. Martin gaite, s. Dali. The experimented methodologies use the analysis of narrative organisation, of its spatial component, of its structuration into lexico-semantic fields and of character-building. In a complementary way, a contrastive research is led on theatrical, poetic and advertising texts, on paratext and on the practice of autobiography. The postword traces the evolution of the research conducted by the "seminaire d'etudes litteraires" (toulouse, 1975-1992), discusses the notions of narrator, narratee and reader, from the narratee's aporia to the promotion of the "lectant", from genette to picard. Applied to the spanish novels of the 1950's, this approach eventually leads to the reactivation of the analysis of the surrounding francoist discourse and to that of the signifier in the texts
Vahedi, Abolfazl. "Modélisation et caractérisation des machines synchro-reluctantes saturées par des méthodes numériques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL074N.
Gilles, Philippe. "A propos de la dynamique du capitalisme : interrogations critiques sur la pertinence de "la crise" comme élément d'interprétation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24003.
After an epistemological and philological reflexion, which lead us towards the definition of a "meta-concept" of crisis, we try to delimit genesis of crisis concept in political economy. Dynamics among worldly classical economists (Say, Ricardo, Malthus, Sismondi) are successively studied and will lead us from the logic of the accumulation process to the question of equilibrium, effective demand and crisis; and Marx's problematic in which crisis is considered as structural processes, inherent to capitalist society. On this basis, we apprehend dynamics of capitalism (F. Braudel) according to P. Dockes and B. Rosier's analysis about productive order-mutation crisis-regulation crisis in connection with a reinterpretation of the long waves rhythms theory (Kondratiev). Through the concept of productive order appears the necessity for capitalism to have a coherent social global order so that the production of economic surplus and capital accumulation should appear during the phase A of the long expansion. Regulation crisis look like necessary moments for regulation capitalism ; in other words, they represent the turnpoint, when the regulation of the system is effected. Mutation crisis and long depressions (phase B) are defined as special scansions of capitalism among transformations which can be justified provide that any mechanism and any resorting to "cyclicite" are rejected. . .
Iliescu, Mihu Coriola. "Musical et extramusical : éléments de pensée spatiale dans l'oeuvre de Iannis Xenakis." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010627.
One important aspect of Xenakis's originality lies in his manner of conceiving music as space, as an outside-of-time structure referring to a metamusic. Ancient greek thinking, on the one hand, and modern scientific formulae and hypotheses, on the other hand, provide him the theoretical basis to a multifaceted concept of musical space. Different personae express themselves through it : the mathematician who geometrizes and the architect who draws, the philosopher and the fighter, the demiurge and the artisan. Xenakis the composer, inventor of sonic morphologies like the glissandi, the sound-masses and the arborescences, sums up these figures but also surpass them as he reaches through his music a verity unattainable by any metamusic
Ungan, Umut. "Langage et art contemporain. Éléments pour une analyse du discours critique : l’exemple de Germano Celant sur l’"arte povera"." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH034/document.
Through the discourse analysis of Germano Celant on arte povera, this present thesis aims to describe and comprehend the status of the language within a specific domain of contemporary art by analysing the argumentative strategies from the invention of the “poor” concept by the italian critic/historian/curator at the 1960s until today, underlining their interdependance with the evolution of his social status and that of the interpretative/evaluative logiques which results from
Bobée, Emmanuelle. "La musique et les textures sonores comme éléments du récit filmique dans l'œuvre de David Lynch, d'Eraserhead (1977) à Inland Empire (2006)." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL027.
This study aims to explore the universe and aesthetics of American director David Lynch (1946 -. . . ), focusing upon the musical and sonic aspects; it leans on a large corpus composed of the ten feature-films that he directed between 1977 and 2006. Since Eraserhead, which appears as a sonic matrix of Lynch's future works, music and sound design have been given a prominent place by the cineaste, in order to create a true osmosis between the visual and sonic components of the filmic narrative. Deeply involved in sound creation, as much as in the elaboration of original soundtracks and the choice of pre-existing music, he has also developed fruitful and recurrent collaborations, in particular with the sound engineer Alan Splet and the composer Angelo Badalamenti, along with occasional partnerships with various contemporary artists. Over the years, Lynch has developed a singular approach, at once fundamentally authorial and open to external interventions, chance and unforeseen; he has also set up original working methods based on experimentation, intuition, and the « process of action-reaction ». All the potentialities of the audible register and of the audio-visual combination are used to interact with the spectator, arousing either the adhesion to the fictional world —especially by mechanisms of subjectivisation —, or the disorientation and detachment by a highlighting of the filmic representation. This constant deployment of opposite forces contributes to feed the feeling of uncanniness which emanates from Lynchean narratives, reinforced or induced by some techniques such as the use of pre-existing pop songs of the 60s, the resort to lip-synch and the integration of sung or choreographed scenes, or the implementation of musico-narrative strategies inspired by dream mechanisms or by the repetition principle
Birnbaum-Truffet, Sylvie. "Paradoxes et cohérence dans la pensée de John Ruskin : éléments pour une philosophie de l'hérésie." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100074.
It is common practice to lay stress on the paradoxes and the many changes in Ruskin's criticism of art and political economy, as so many defects which corrupt his thought and make it incoherent. Actually, they are not so much weaknesses as key points in his reasoning, which agrees with the philosophical method of eradicating the prejudices and the preconceived notions on which are based the authoritative doctrines of the Academic art and of the liberal political economy in the nineteenth century. To Ruskin, the evil of the modern philosophy is its pride of science, that is, its idolatry of system without regard to the unity and beauty of the world created by God. Now, this world is rich and abundant in so far as it is governed by providential laws by which all the most different beings manage to create an organic unity by their common obedience to "the law of Help". This is the only one model to guide safely the imagination in its conception of a fair social order for all men to be happy. Such is the meaning of the coherence in Ruskin's thought: not a logical one, but an ontological coherence of the world considered as a socio-economic model. The object of this study is to offer another interpretation of the link between art and politics from the analyse of the philosophical concern of the Social Welfare, distinct from the utilitarian and individualist welfare, as the standard of Ruskin's critical viewpoint about art. As the Social Welfare depends on economic conditions, Ruskin fights against liberalism of his time, not in the reactionary and nostalgic view of the Middle-Ages, but in the prospective view of a Providence-State which has to interfere with the national economy to secure "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers". As a social reformer, Ruskin has a great influence on the formation of the Labour Party. As an heretical philosopher, he formulates a theory of the responsibility of men and of State for the accomplishment of the happiness of humanity hic et nunc
Wu, Yaquin. "Les quatre éléments dans l’œuvre de Paul Claudel." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040112.
This paper examines the theorization and abstraction of the Four elements, namely, Fire, Air, Water and Earth, found in the works of Paul Claudel, who was cross-pollinated by the Oriental and Western Culture as a diplomat in China (1895-1909) and Japan (1921-1927). His academic findings and artistic development are approached by the author from multiple aspects: physical and metaphysical, moral and intellectual, religious and symbolic, poetic and imaginary. In his journey to the ultimate nature of the world, the material characteristic of the Four elements and God the Creator, the First Cause of the creation and the movement of the world, Claudel squarely and intentionally situated himself at the intersection of two Cultures as he draw great inspirations from the both. In the process of knowing and experiencing the omnipresence of God, Claudel explored the esoteric power running in the depth of his heart, using his study and imagination on the four elements to establish a network encapsulating the natural and the supernatural, the physical and metaphysical
Lecostey, Isolde. "La littérature à l'épreuve du sourire : éléments pour une étude de l'humour noir au XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100107.
This dissertation offers new elements for the description and the analysis of the literary register that is dark humour. It is based on the considerations that André Breton developed in his Anthologie de l’humour noir (1966), and at the same time, it replaces them within the surrealist theories, in order to demonstrate that the author creates a register perfectly suited to the defence of his opinions about art and Modernity. The selection that is made in the Anthologie can henceforth be approached with a fresh eye and analyzed from a literary point of view : dark humour would then be defined as a bipolar register, built on a confrontation between two tendencies, a hermeneutic one and a terrorist one, but which both question the value of the speeches that pretend to represent reality. The literary features of dark humour can thus be analyzed, as well as its evolutions after the Second World War. Indeed, at that time, dark humour becomes more popular in the media, and the authors who use it take into account its acquaintances with literary genres that lack legitimacy. The evolutions of the register are studied through the work of three writers : Joyce Mansour, Roland Topor and Jean-Pierre Martinet. Their narratives follow similar patterns which, on the whole, aim to dismantle the traditional narrative schemes. Thus, dark humour questions the reader about his reading habits and breaks the contract entered into with the author, in order to call into question the possibility of a community unified by the – unequal – share of a common culture and language. Dark humour thereby postulates the existence of a community that cannot be found by literature, within narratives that claim their illegitimacy
Gens, Jean-Claude. "Le tournant phénoménologique de la pensée herméneutique allemande, 1890-1936 : éléments pour une histoire de l'herméneutique allemande." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040238.
Leboeuf, Audrey. "Analyse critique des violences volontaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20031/document.
The legal definition of intentional violences is centered on the result, objective consequence of the latter. It is indeed found no legal clarification as to the intentional element of the violences, with the exception of misdemeanor violence and "violence causing death without intention to kill." Because of a preponderance given to the material component of the violences at the expense of the psychological element, the critical analysis of intentional violences and reveals an objective legal concept of these offenses. The study of the components and the legal regime reveals some problematic consequences of an objective understanding of these crimes. Most significant is the finding of a legal inadequate components: while the result, the main component of the offense, is used to determine both the consumption and the legal qualification, which varies depending on the extent of consequences of the acts, the psychological element covers only acts performed by the perpetrator, which constitute an alternative given the materiality of these offenses. This legal inadequacy leads beyond the offending imbalance, making it difficult to assess the exact contours of crimes analyzed.In view of this finding, a new approach to the constituent elements of voluntary violence is proposed, involving a legal reorganization of these offenses. The repression of attempted voluntary violence is now possible
Sagini-Lebas, Yvette. "Éléments d'érotique du texte : l'exemple de trois romanciers contemporains : Alain Robbe-Grillet, Kateb Yacine et Sony Labou Tansi : Ecriture et iconographie." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE2016.
From amongst expected developments and innovative transgressions, one aspect contrasts several creative ways of writing from distant cultural origins. This dimension will be the subject of a research about literary eroticism in the texts of three contemporary authors, playwrights, and writers. Each one of them has been touched by a different culture : French for Alain Robbe-Grillet, North African for Kateb Yacine, and Sub-Saharan for Sony Labou Tansi. This study will be comparative. The introduction offers an attempt at defining eroticism and the detailed presentation of the three authors. The orders in which this will be made will allow to perceive, first the diverse forms of cruelty, the place of horror, and the panoply, stereotypical of otherwise, of eroticism. The second part will investigate the relationship between the fantastic and the erotic through an utopian universe and a magical world full of signs and symbols which include colours, smells, noises, and numbers. The third part will crystallize the existing relationship between particular stylistic devices and eroticism : the metaphor and the mise en abyme. In the conclusion, after having briefly summarized the ensemble of erotic works in France, North African and Sub-Saharan, the similarities felt between the different textual elements of the different authors and their specific aspects will become clear. Then, other research possibilities, that could have been pursued and been as exciting, will be mentioned
Kim, Young-Hae. "Proust et la transposition de l'image à l'écriture : autour des éléments asiatiques." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040102.
The concept of image transposition cross-cuts three main themes in Proust’s novels, and studying this notion, specifically applied to images from Asian arts, allows us to see their unity. First, this concept forms the central apparatus of a pictorial writing mode which operates some intervisual and intervisuo-textual transpositions. Second, it plays a fundamental role in Proust’s aesthetics of synthesis which establishes an integral and totalising relationship between the writings and the sensuous world. Indeed, at the heart of this conception, the concept of images transposition plays the role of a catalyst materialising Proust’s theory of fiction construction in metaphorical images. Finally the concept is at play, in its last instance, in the Proustian project of transposing in writing some “rules of life”. These transpositions act as media for the development of philosophical themes, such as the Self, reality, death, knowledge or memory. The “experience of felicity” will condense these themes in as many “episodes-models”, evoking the experience of the Self based on Proust’s indirect approach of this Asian philosophico-religious notion through the writings of thinkers such as Schopenhauer or Emerson. Our method is based not only on an intercultural comparison but also on a trans-cultural one – as we are attempting to show the unity of artistic creation, the locus where Proustian research meet the one of Asian painters-scholars. In both case, it deals with the utmost meaning of life
Denker, Christian W. "La réalité "vécue" du spectateur comme élément constitutif de l'art de Jochen Gerz." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010527.
Cabanes, Gilles. "Analyser des oeuvres mixtes en fonction de leur nature : éléments de réflexion et propositions." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU1009.
During the XXth century, new types of musical works appeared from the use of electricity and technological tools unknown in occidental music. A vast repertory of works has been developing from the 50’s to nowadays constituting the general category of electroacoustic music. More specifically, what were then named the mixed works originally combine the secular instrumental tradition with the new electroacoustic conception. This research work proposes to set up an analytical approach specific to these mixed works. In that sense, it is necessary to precisely define what the aims are (what is analyzed?) and what the method is (how can it be analyzed?). Besides, the stakes of the various questions studied in this work deal not only with these previous points but also with the specificity of the repertory to be analyzed. That is the reason why this work first focus on the fundamentals of occidental music from their evolution to nowadays. The point of the first part is indeed to define as precisely as possible the nature of mixed works according to their artistic background. Once this two axes set up (nature of the mixed works and methods of analysis), the work will focus on the analysis of various extracts of works which well exemplify the category. These analysis are articulated according to two major perspectives: the analysis of the causes of the sounds in a work and the analysis of the morphologic and structural relations between the sounds either produced by instruments or speakers
Machado, Irley. "Entre la croix et la plume : éléments médiévaux et vicentins dans le théâtre de Ariano Suassuna." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030013.
Our study tends to show the theme, formal nearness and the existing " intertextuality " between the medieval and vicentin drama and Suassuna's writing. The research in which we were engaged revealed the mark and the force of a religiosity which transported itself from the Middle Ages to the North East of contemporary Brazil. Brazilian North-East is the region which will have the best protected the tradition of an oral literature imported from the Iberian peninsula while keeping it the ideology. In this thematic, four axes were able to be coming under which based the medieval theatre : the presence and the worship in the Virgin, the fear of the Devil, the obsession of the Death and the Last Judgment. Our thematic analysis puts in mirror the trilogy of the Barques of Gil Vicente and the third acts of Suassuna's plays where the existence of the Last Judgment puts on the stage divines characters as well as common characters. The analysis of shape puts in evidence the perennially of the only dramatic style which survived the Middle Ages, the farce, and that Suassuna uses it to be close to his audience. However, the mixture of the styles prevails in its theatre writing as we have stated before. Through his plays, he proposes to the Brazilian people, an identity whose rots, which came from the Middle Ages, has been under going many changing. He expects, through this writing, state the complex and singular nature of the Brazilian man who is that " chestnut-brown " humanity stemming from the American Indian, Portuguese and black substratum
March, Danielle Cecile. "De l'image et du mot dans l'oeuvre de Les Levine : analyse esthétique des éléments occidentaux et zen dans le billboard." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010504.
Seguin, Marie-Christine. "Des motifs pour dire les quatre éléments dans l'œuvre poétique de José Lezama Lima." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20111.
Marianne, Christophe. "De la répétition et des hommes auteurs de violences dans le couple : éléments cliniques pour une analyse critique d'un problème de santé publique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG034.
Two aspects of clinical interventions for male perpetrators of intimate partner violence are of concern to psychologists: the perpetrators’ responsibility and the prevention of recidivism insofar as they constitute the means and the aim of these interventions. From the initial analysis of batterer programmes in France, repetition, as a dimension for interpretating male intimate partner violence, in particular within a clinical intervention context, is examined. To this end, I develop the concept of repetition based on psychoanalytic theory and analyse 8 interviews of male perpetrators, focussing on the underlying fantasies. This approach led to five findings: the recurrence of strong paternal and maternal imagos, cruelty components within the object, sadistic traits and homosexual libido. The ensuing theoretical development hinged on four concepts: identification with the aggressor, the fantasy of the cruel mother, sadism and jealousy
Olszewska, Barbara. "Habitudes et résolution de problèmes en situation d'apprentissage : quelques éléments méthodologiques pour l'étude d'interactions "homme-machine"." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30042.
Pelissier, Pierre-Gilles. "Thermodynamique de la contre-utopie : éléments pour une lecture critique de l’économie des contre-utopies anglo-américaines, françaises, anglaises et japonaises au XXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040260.
Counter-utopia is a branch of science-fiction which, contrary to utopia, describes either ideal worlds but nightmarish societies. Although ancient, the genre really takes off at the end of the nineteenth and during the twentieth century, accompanying the developments of the industrial society to send it back the image of their main defects.This thesis suggests to read some of the images made by counter-utopias from a scientific scheme, that of the thermodynamics, a discipline which, from the study of the economy of steam engines, was one of the main springboard to the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. Because it aims at drawing a physics of the economic value, the recourse to thermodynamics is going to serve us to analyze the economy of counter-utopias and to draw by this way the outlines of a critical theory of the described societies.Being interested in counter-utopia in the perspective of a criticism of the industrial world, the works held for the corpus, films and literature (novel and short stories), belong to works produced in North America (United-States), Europe (France, Great-Britain) and Japan during the twentieth century, a century in which the effects of the industrialization of societies show their fatal aspect. By examining with numerous examples how counter-utopia proceed to a political transposition of physical principles, this thesis has for objective to enlighten the lessons of moral and political philosophy given by the whole genre and to consider under a new angle the links between science and science fiction
Bouyer, Jacques. "La Quête de l'énoncé vivant. Éléments pour une poétique de la nouvelle chez Marios Hakkas." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF031/document.
In the three collections of short stories published by Marios Hakkas (1931-1972) between 1966 and 1972, the discrepancy between the texts is obvious. Too often overlooked by critics, it can be explained by a wide range of enunciative approaches: discourse-short stories establish themselves at the expense of narrative-short stories. Formally built as a narrative, the short story looks more and more like a first-person speech. The aim of the thesis has been from then on to study what determines the evolution from the narrative form, sometimes conventional and ideologically committed, to a non-dogmatic speech, focused on the subject and relieved from the narrative’s formal constraints. The heterogeneity of narrative forms is related to both the transformation of story actors, namely the narrator and the characters, and to the short story being focused on a search of knowledge. For it is a subject-enunciator who takes over from the narrator without being clearly known whether he is the author himself, affected by a cancer, or a fictional being. Engaging in an interpretation through the chaos of signs where he nearly disappears, he tries to grasp his own identity, thus contributing to the short story’s rebuilding. This genre ends up taking root in a material and on a structure, that are both mobile, turning away from any predetermined and unequivocal form, privileging in any case an organization which is open to affects and to the possible. The short story comes back to life and becomes a living utterance
Essoufi, Moumène. "Analyse des éléments de la narration dans l'oeuvre de Manuel Puig ("Maldicion eterna a quien lea estas paginas", "Sangre de amor correspondido", "Bajo un manto de estrellas" et "Cae la noche tropical")." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20069.
The aim of this study is to analyse the final works of m. Puig (maldicion eterna a quien lea estas pagninas, sangre de amor correspondido, bajo un manto de estrellas et cae la noche tropical) by examining them from different perpectives and by basing the study around the four cardinal points of fiction (space, time, characters and narrative style). The works in question can be grouped into two clearly distinguishable categories : on one side there are the three novels which are linked to realism, where the author draws his inspiration from social and historical reality ; and on the other side there is his theatrical work, which puig considered was where illusion had pride of place, where reality could be nothing other than fantastical. However, in spite the difference between these texts, they all present the same themes, the same preoccupations of the author : disturbing loneliness, male domination, male exploitation of feminine sensibility, sexual frustration, failure in love, etc. With regard to narrative style, it is clear that the traditional narrator has been removed from the text and replacec by nothing more than a story-telling agent. The works of puig represent a modern version of narration, in a style where the narrator's role is limited exclusively to structuring the story presented by the characters themselves