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Journal articles on the topic 'Elemental-tagged'
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Rogov, Yury, Vladislav Kremenets, Mikhail Sapozhnikov, and Motswakae Sebele. "Application of Tagged Neutron Method for Detecting Diamonds in Kimberlite." Instruments 4, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4040033.
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The results of testing a prototype of a separator for detecting diamonds in kimberlite ore using tagged neutron method are discussed. Kimberlite ore was irradiated with fast tagged neutrons with an energy of 14.1 MeV. The elemental content of the tray with kimberlite ore was determined. The criterion for detecting diamond was the presence of excess carbon concentration in a certain region of a kimberlite sample.
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JOSEPH, D., S. D. MAIND, A. SAXENA, and R. K. CHOUDHURY. "CHARACTERIZATION OF OFFSET PRINTING INK TAGGED WITH RARE-EARTH TAGGANTS BY X-RAY EMISSION TECHNIQUES." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 03n04 (January 2007): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001241.
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Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques have been used for elemental characterization of offset printing ink tagged with rare-earth taggants. The offset printing ink was tagged with rare-earth ( La , Pr , Nd , Sm , Eu and Gd ) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate chelates at about 1000-ppm level for each element separately. Small aliquots (approximately 20 mg) of tagged inks were coated on paper supports in the form of small circles having diameter 10–15 mm each and then analyzed. In the case of PIXE, a proton beam of energy 4 MeV and in the case of EDXRF a radioisotope source of 241 Am (100 mCi ) was used to excite the samples. The PIXE analysis showed well-resolved rare-earth L X-rays and EDXRF analysis showed the K X-rays of rare earths. Satisfactory results to identify and quantify the taggants were achieved.
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Pecl, Gretta T., Sean R. Tracey, Leonid Danyushevsky, Simon Wotherspoon, and Natalie A. Moltschaniwskyj. "Elemental fingerprints of southern calamary (Sepioteuthis australis) reveal local recruitment sources and allow assessment of the importance of closed areas." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 8 (August 2011): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-059.
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Movement of individuals over a range of temporal and spatial scales is a critical process in determining the structure and size of populations. For most marine species, a substantial amount of movement that is responsible for connecting subpopulations occurs when individuals are too small and numerous to be tagged using conventional methods. Using the elemental fingerprints of the statoliths of the squid Sepioteuthis australis and a robust machine learning classification technique, this study determined that newly hatched squid had elemental signatures that exhibited sufficient spatial variation to act as natural tags for natal origin and that elemental signatures can be used to allocate adult squid back to their natal site. Between 55% and 84% of the adult squid caught throughout the east and southeast of Tasmania, Australia, were classified back to an area that is closed to commercial fishing over much of the peak spawning period, and this was the only location with substantive evidence of natal recruitment. Although many studies have demonstrated the potential of this approach to discern connectivity between population units, few studies have successfully done so by then examining the trace element profiles of adults in addition to those of hatchlings as we have demonstrated with S. australis.
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Pröfrock, Daniel. "Progress and possible applications of miniaturised separation techniques and elemental mass spectrometry for quantitative, heteroatom-tagged proteomics." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 398, no. 6 (June 28, 2010): 2383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3901-7.
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Sokaras, D., and Et al. "The new external ion-beam station at the Demokritos Tandem 5.5 MV accelerator: A unique analytical tool in the fields of cultural heritage and environmental science." HNPS Proceedings 16 (January 1, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2599.
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At the 5.5 MV Tandem accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of NCSR Demokritos, Athens, a new external ion-beam set-up has been recently installed. The aim of this development was to establish a complete experimental set-up integrating the analytical capabilities of the PIXE, RBS and PIGE techniques, so that a complete elemental and near surface structural characterization of samples/artifacts to be attained in an almost non-destructive way and without any limitation concerning their size or conductive state. A careful 3D mechanical drawing optimized the experimental parameters of the set-up so that the special requirements imposed for optimum performance of the aforementioned techniques to be fulfilled.The first applications were focused in the quality control of tagged materials (technologically authentic replicas of attic ceramics and in coatings used by conservators for paintings).
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D.F., Odeyemi, Oso J. A., Oyejobi S. A., and Asawe O. E. "Comparative Study of the Nutritive and Elemental Composition of Smoked and Raw Clarias gariepinus from Three Selected Fish Farms in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 26, no. 11 (November 8, 2024): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2024/v26i11835.
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Clarias gariepinus is of economic importance in aquaculture due to its rapid growth, omnivorous diet, and potential as food source. It has been widely cultured and dispensed both in raw and smoked forms in various regions to meet the demand for fish protein This study assessed and compared the nutritional quality and elemental composition of smoked and raw samples of Clarias gariepinus. A total of twelve fish samples were analysed, six raw samples and six smoked samples with two fishes sampled from each farm tagged A, B and C. The Proximate and elemental analysis were done using standard procedures. The result of the study showed that moisture content measured in the raw Clarias gariepinus which ranged between (73.074 ± 1.59) % and (71.52 ± 1.83) %. was higher than that of the smoked fish ranging from (26.69±0.03) % to (32.21± 0.02) %. The protein content of smoked fish ranged (43.2±0.02) % to (46.78±0.01) while that of raw fish was between (20.52 ± 1.12) % and (22.15 ± 0.43) %. Similarly, the crude fat, ash, carbohydrate, and fibre content were higher in the smoked fish than raw catfish samples. The elemental composition of both smoked and raw catfish were within the permissible limit of World Health Organization. Arsenic was not detected in the muscle of the raw fish, while cadmium, chromium, lead and magnesium were present in values within WHO permissible limit and similar results was observed for the smoked fish samples. The result of this study presents the possibility of smoked catfish being more nutritious than the raw samples aside from the fact that it has more shelf life than raw fish. Also, both smoked and raw samples of the fish are safe as the values of heavy metal observed were all within the permissible limit of WHO.
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Albalawi, Ahmed H., Saud M. Almutairi, Ateyatallah Aljuhani, Pramod K. Sahu, Praveen K. Sahu, Nadjet Rezki, Mohamed R. Aouad, and Mouslim Messali. "Novel Fluorinated Imidazolium Ionic Liquids: Eco-friendly, Facile and Efficient Construction, Characterization, in vitro Anticancer Activity, Toxicity and in silico Analysis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22491.
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An efficient and facile synthesis of novel fluorinated imidazolium-tagged ionic liquids under microwave irradiation is described. Novel prepared ionic liquids was identified and confirmed by spectroscopic and elemental analysis. Synthesized ionic liquids (1-12) was explored for their antiproliferative inhibition potency against three selected human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG-2 and CACO2). Screening results have revealed that some tested ionic liquids exhibited promising activity compared with standard drugs, especially compounds 5 and 6 which consistently produced low IC50 values. Preliminary structure activity relationship (SAR) studies have been performed to identify the relation between molecular structure and activity. in silico Analysis of ionic liquids was carried out based on ADME, Lipinski rule, drug likeness, toxicity profiles and other physico-chemical properties. All compounds were safe in toxicity profile and computed LD50 values were in accepted range (2.55-2.89 mol/kg). in silico Results have shown that Lipinski rule of five was in accept range, except compound 1 and 2.
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Saha, S. "Synthesis of New Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) Complexes Grabbed in Novel Functionalized Ionic Liquid Tagged Schiff base: Physico-chemical Properties and Antibacterial Applications." Journal of Scientific Research 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v16i1.66367.
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An ionic liquid tagged schiff base, [1-{2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl}-3-methylimidazolium]PF6 was synthesized from a functionalized ionic liquid (FIL) 2-aminoethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [2-aemim]PF6 and salicylaldehyde without using any organic solvent. The Schiff base was used as a ligand to trap Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) ions from its corresponding metal acetates and to form the new transition metal complexes. The synthesized Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) complexes along with the Schiff base were characterized by ESI-MS, PXRD, UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic and analytical (elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements) methods. Based on these spectral analysis data tetra coordinated geometries were assigned for the newly synthesized metal(II) complexes. Antibacterial sensitivity of the Schiff base and the Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) complexes were evaluated against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria to assess their minimum zone of inhibition.
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Yang, Bin, Yuan Zhang, Beibei Chen, Man He, and Bin Hu. "Elemental-tagged immunoassay combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the detection of tumor cells using a lead sulfide nanoparticle label." Talanta 167 (May 2017): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.063.
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Sanz-Medel, Alfredo, Maria Luisa Fernández-Sánchez, Héctor González Iglesias, and José Blas López-Sastre. "Speciation and isotope pattern deconvolution for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry quantitative studies of mineral metabolism and supplementation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 2 (January 31, 2010): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-05-07.
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Human breast milk can be considered as “ideal” food for the correct development of newborn babies and, for those that are not breast-fed, formula milk has to be used instead. Ideally, the composition of such formula milk preparations should closely resemble that of maternal human milk. Considerable differences between both in the total content of trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Se, Zn, and I and in their chemical form in both milk types have been demonstrated. Speciation analysis in milk whey was carried out first by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) elemental detection and showed that the observed element distribution patterns were very different in the investigated human and formula milks. Using complementary molecular mass techniques (i.e., MALDI-TOF), the identity and chemical characterization of some biomolecules (e.g., protein) with which metals are associated in each fraction was also established (by a typical heteroatom-tagged proteomics protocol). Attempts to assess the nutritional value of elemental supplements in formula milk with the aid of quantitative chemical speciation, using stable isotopes in combination with ICP-MS and isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD), proved to be successful to differentiate and quantify endogenous (natural) and exogenous (supplemented) Se or Fe trace levels. In particular, the application of such ICP-MS based techniques to study Se bioavailability from formula milk and metabolism in Se-supplemented lactating rats is discussed in detail. Quantification of selenospecies of endogenous (natural) and exogenous (supplement) Se in rat’s urine is demonstrated and relevant information on possible Se biotransformations and its final catabolism from such results is discussed.
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Zepeda, Joseph, Timothy C. Beers, Vinicius M. Placco, Derek Shank, Dmitrii Gudin, Yutaka Hirai, Mohammad Mardini, Colin Pifer, Thomas Catapano, and Sean Calagna. "Chemodynamically Tagged Groups of CEMP Stars in the Halo of the Milky Way. I. Untangling the Origins of CEMP-s and CEMP-no Stars." Astrophysical Journal 947, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbbcc.
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Abstract We construct a sample of 644 carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with abundance analyses based on moderate- to high-resolution spectroscopic studies. Dynamical parameters for these stars are estimated based on radial velocities, Bayesian parallax-based distance estimates, and proper motions from Gaia EDR3 and DR3, supplemented by additional available information where needed. After separating our sample into the different CEMP morphological groups in the Yoon–Beers diagram of absolute carbon abundance versus metallicity, we used the derived specific energies and actions (E, J r , J ϕ , J z ) to cluster them into Chemodynamically Tagged Groups (CDTGs). We then analyzed the elemental-abundance dispersions within these clusters by comparing them to the dispersion of clusters that were generated at random. We find that, for the Group I (primarily CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s) clustered stars, there exist statistically insignificant intracluster dispersions in [Fe/H], [C/Fe] c (evolution corrected carbon), and [Mg/Fe] when compared to the intracluster dispersions of randomly clustered Group I CEMP stars. In contrast, the Group II (primarily CEMP-no) stars exhibit clear similarities in their intracluster abundances, with very low, statistically significant, dispersions in [C/Fe] c and marginally significant results in [Mg/Fe]. These results strongly indicate that Group I CEMP stars received their carbon enhancements from local phenomena, such as mass transfer from an evolved binary companion in regions with extended star formation histories, while the CDTGs of Group II CEMP stars formed in low-metallicity environments that had already been enriched in carbon, likely from massive rapidly rotating ultra- and hyper-metal-poor stars and/or supernovae associated with high-mass early-generation stars.
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Wu, Chang-Hao, Gerrit J. Schut, Farris L. Poole, Dominik K. Haja, and Michael W. W. Adams. "Characterization of membrane-bound sulfane reductase: A missing link in the evolution of modern day respiratory complexes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 43 (September 4, 2018): 16687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.005092.
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Hyperthermophilic archaea contain a hydrogen gas–evolving,respiratory membrane–bound NiFe-hydrogenase (MBH) that is very closely related to the aerobic respiratory complex I. During growth on elemental sulfur (S°), these microorganisms also produce a homologous membrane-bound complex (MBX), which generates H2S. MBX evolutionarily links MBH to complex I, but its catalytic function is unknown. Herein, we show that MBX reduces the sulfane sulfur of polysulfides by using ferredoxin (Fd) as the electron donor, and we rename it membrane-bound sulfane reductase (MBS). Two forms of affinity-tagged MBS were purified from genetically engineered Pyrococcus furiosus (a hyperthermophilic archaea species): the 13-subunit holoenzyme (S-MBS) and a cytoplasmic 4-subunit catalytic subcomplex (C-MBS). S-MBS and C-MBS reduced dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) with comparable Km (∼490 μm) and Vmax values (12 μmol/min/mg). The MBS catalytic subunit (MbsL), but not that of complex I (NuoD), retains two of four NiFe-coordinating cysteine residues of MBH. However, these cysteine residues were not involved in MBS catalysis because a mutant P. furiosus strain (MbsLC85A/C385A) grew normally with S°. The products of the DMTS reduction and properties of polysulfides indicated that in the physiological reaction, MBS uses Fd (Eo′ = −480 mV) to reduce sulfane sulfur (Eo′ −260 mV) and cleave organic (RSnR, n ≥ 3) and anionic polysulfides (Sn2−, n ≥ 4) but that it does not produce H2S. Based on homology to MBH, MBS also creates an ion gradient for ATP synthesis. This work establishes the electrochemical reaction catalyzed by MBS that is intermediate in the evolution from proton- to quinone-reducing respiratory complexes.
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Miyakawa, Takuma, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya. "Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 22 (November 27, 2023): 14609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023.
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Abstract. Trace metals in aerosol particles impact Earth's radiative budget, human health, and ocean biogeochemistry. Semi-continuous measurements of the elemental composition of fine-mode (PM2.5) aerosols were conducted using an automated X-ray fluorescence analyzer on a remote island of Japan during the spring of 2018. Temporal variations in mass concentrations of geochemically important elements for this period, such as Pb, Cu, Si, Fe, and Mn, and their relationships with the emission tracers, carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC), were reported. The Integrated Massively Parallel Atmospheric Chemical Transport (IMPACT) model was used to evaluate the source apportionment of these components and was evaluated in terms of emissions and wet removal processes. Pb and Cu originated mainly from anthropogenic sources (98 % and 93 % on average, respectively) over the East Asian continent. Positive correlations of Pb and Cu with BC and CO and the similarity of their concentration-weighted trajectories indicated that the emission sources of these metals share the region where the large CO (and BC) emission sources are located and that CO can be regarded as a tracer of continental anthropogenic emissions. The air masses with minimized impacts of the wet removal during transport were extracted to elucidate the “top-down” emission ratio of Pb and Cu to CO, which were, for the first time, evaluated as 152.7 and 63.1 µg g−1, respectively, during the spring of 2018 in the East Asian outflow. The analysis of the tagged tracer simulations by the IMPACT model confirmed that BC and Si could be used as tracers for anthropogenic and dust emissions, respectively, during the observation period. The source apportionment of Fe and Mn in PM2.5 aerosols was conducted using Si and BC tracers, which revealed that the anthropogenic contribution was 17 % and 44 % on average, respectively. Based on the air mass origins of Fe and Mn, their anthropogenic fraction varied from 2 % to 29 % and 9 % to 68 %, respectively, during the high-PM2.5-concentration periods. However, despite the non-dominant anthropogenic contributions of Fe, they could adversely affect human health and ocean biogeochemistry, owing to their higher water solubility. The modeled BC, Pb, Cu, and Fe were evaluated by separately diagnosing their emission and transport. Ratios of modeled to observed concentrations for these components were analyzed in terms of the accumulated precipitation along the transport from the East Asian continent. The current model simulations were found to overestimate the emissions (based on the Community Emissions Data System, CEDS v2021-02-05) of BC by 44 % and underestimate Cu by 45 %, anthropogenic Fe by 28 % in East Asia, and the wet deposition rates for BC and Pb. Overall, Cu in East Asia exhibited a different nature from BC and Pb in terms of emission sources and wet removal.
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Saha, Sanjoy, Ananya Das, Kaushik Acharjee, and Biswajit Sinha. "Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes of an ionic liquid tagged Schiff base." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 10 (2016): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160425065s.
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Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes of an ionic liquid-based Schiff base, 1-{2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl}-3-methylimidazolium bromide, were synthesized and characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic methods such as elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR, ESI-MS and magnetic susceptibility measurement. These studies indicated tetrahedral geometry for the complexes. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes were tested for in vitro antibacterial activities to assess their inhibiting potentials against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sp.
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Zhang, Sichun, Chao Zhang, Zhi Xing, and Xinrong Zhang. "Simultaneous Determination of α-Fetoprotein and Free β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin by Element-Tagged Immunoassay with Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.029850.
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Abstract Background: An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)-based immunoassay has been proposed independently by Baranov et al. (Anal Chem 2002;74:1629–36) and our group, but the applicability of this method for multianalyte analysis in clinical samples has not been fully illustrated. We developed a dual-label immunoassay method for the simultaneous determination of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) in human serum. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies immobilized on microtiter plates captured AFP and hCGβ, which were detected by use of Eu3+-labeled anti-AFP and Sm3+-labeled anti-hCGβ monoclonal antibodies. Eu3+ and Sm3+ were dissociated from the immunocomplex with HNO3 solution (10 mL/L) and delivered by peristaltic pump to the ICP mass spectrometer. Results: The measurable ranges of AFP and hCGβ were 4.6–500 and 5.0–170 μg/L, respectively, with detection limits of 1.2 and 1.7 μg/L (3 SD above mean of zero calibrator), respectively. The intraassay imprecision (CV) for AFP was 8.3%, 4.0%, and 2.7% at 16.3, 86, and 354 μg/L, respectively, and the interassay CV was 10%, 5.7%, and 3.5%. For hCGβ, the intraassay CV was 5.4%, 6.4%, and 3.1%, respectively, at 10.5, 45.2, and 105 μg/L, and the interassay CV was 7.2%, 8.0%, and 3.7%. Comparison with IRMAs for AFP and hCGβ yielded correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.97 and 0.95. Conclusions: Two proteins can be measured simultaneously by immunoassays using two rare earth elemental tags (Eu3+ and Sm3+) and ICP-MS detection. The multielement capability and the multiple potential elemental labels make ICP-MS attractive for multianalyte immunoassays. Implementation of ICP-MS-linked immunoassays may be relatively straightforward because the labeling and immunoreaction procedures have been well developed for clinical time-resolved immunofluorometric assays.
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Jakubikova, Jana, Efstathios Kastritis, Danka Cholujova, Teru Hideshima, Ludmila M. Flores, Merav Leiba, Jacob P. Laubach, et al. "Evaluation of Immune Profile in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Using Cytof Technology." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3404.3404.
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Abstract Introduction: CyTOF (time-of-flight mass cytometry) is a novel high-dimensional technology which permits immunophenotyping and analysis of signaling in single cells. This approach enables simultaneous evaluation of up to 40 parameters using antibodies tagged with distinct elemental isotopes, by combining flow cytometry with atomic mass spectrometry. Since multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by immune dysfunction, we used CyTOF technology to define the complex immune profile in MM patient bone marrow (BM) samples. Methods: We used 40 different markers to define various B, T, natural killer (NK) subsets, as well as cells of monocytic, granulocytic, erythroid and platelet lineages. Our preliminary data are results from 10 patients with MGUS/ smoldering MM (SMM); 10 newly diagnosed MM; 20 relapsed/refractory MM; and 15 WM patients (5 newly diagnosed and 10 receiving treatment) in comparison with age-matched healthy donors’ BM (HD). A significantly larger cohort of MM (N=150) and WM (N=50) patients is being similarly analyzed and will be presented. To evaluate phenotypic abnormalities in various B cell subsets, we used B lineage markers CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD27, CD34, CD38, CD45, IgA, IgD, IgG and IgM to define B cells maturation stages from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to naïve to mature B lymphocytes (pro-B; pre-B-I; pre-B-II; immature B; and mature (naïve) B cells), as well as memory non-switched and memory switched B cells, plasmablasts, normal (CD138+CD38+CD19+CD45+) and clonal plasma cells (CD138+CD38+CD19-CD45-/low), which reside in the specific BM niche. Furthermore, natural killer (NK) subsets (such as NK and NKT cells) and T cells (such as memory CD4T, naive CD4T, memory CD8T, naive CD8T, T regulatory cells and Tg/d cells) were examined. High-dimensional data was obtained using CyTOF technology and analyzed by SPADE and viSNE software. Results: Our data showed significantly decreased HSC in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM compared to HD (P<0.025). A significant increase in pre-B-I cells was detected in relapsed/refractory MM vs. MGUS/SMM (P<0.028), but the opposite trend was observed in the pre-B-II subpopulation (P<0.005). No differences in immature B cell populations were observed in different stages of MM. However, a significantly higher percentage of immature B cells was present in relapsed/refractory MM compared to HD (P=0.008), and transitional B cells were significantly decreased in newly diagnosed MM compared to HD (P<0.001). Moreover, memory B cells were significant decreased in all MM stages compared to HD (P<0.003). Non-switched memory B cells were significantly increased in MGUS and SMM compared to newly diagnosed MM, while a significant increase of switched memory B cells was present in newly diagnosed MM compared to relapsed/refractory MM. A significant increase in plasmablasts was seen in relapsed/refractory MM in comparison with other MM stages (P<0.011) by CyTOF analyses. Malignant plasma cells (PC) were defined as CD19-, CD38++, CD45-/dim, CD138+ and either cyk or cyl positive. Importantly, a significant increase in clonal PC was found in all MM stages vs. HD, as well as in newly diagnosed MM compared to relapsed/refractory MM (P<0.01). The percentage of PC from CyTOF analyses correlated with % of PC obtained using flow cytometry by Bland-Altman method comparison. We also observed significant differences in T cell subsets including naïve, central memory, effector, and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+T populations between MGUS and newly diagnosed MM, but no significant changes in T regulatory and Tg/d cells. Furthermore, plasmacytoid dendritic (pDC) cells were significantly increased in newly diagnosed MM, and PD-1 expressed on pDC was significantly decreased in newly diagnosed MM compared to MGUS (P=0.007). Interestingly, PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 were variably expressed on B cells (2-9% and 3-27%) and PC (0.5-46% and 3-41%) from MM BM samples. Other surface molecules including CD269 (4-32%), CD289 (1-8%), CD362 (0.5-1%) and CD329 (1-4%), were variably expressed in PC. Conclusion: A better understanding of the neoplastic BM milieu will provide the framework for identifying and validating novel targeted therapies directed against MM. CyTOF technology represents a novel diagnostic tool to assess the status not only of MM, but also of host immunity, and may allow for the development of rational personalized therapies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Razinkov, E. A., V. Yu Aleksakhin, Yu N. Rogov, and M. G. Sapozhnikov. "Elemental analysis of phosphorus ores using the tagged neutron method." Gornyi Zhurnal, February 28, 2022, 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/gzh.2022.02.08.
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Morrell, Alexander P., Richard A. Martin, Helen M. Roberts, Hiram Castillo-Michel, J. Frederick W. Mosselmans, Kalotina Geraki, Adrian T. Warfield, et al. "Addressing uncertainties in correlative imaging of exogenous particles with the tissue microanatomy with synchronous imaging strategies." Metallomics, May 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfad030.
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Abstract Exposures to exogenous particles is of increasing concern to human health. Characterising the concentrations, chemical species, distribution, and involvement of the stimulus with the tissue microanatomy is essential in understanding the associated biological response. However, no single imaging technique can interrogate all these features at once which confounds and limits correlative analyses. Developments of synchronous imaging strategies, allowing multiple features to be identified simultaneously, is essential to assess spatial relationships between these key features with greater confidence. Here we present data to first highlight complications of correlative analysis between the tissue microanatomy and elemental composition associated with imaging serial tissue sections. This is achieved by assessing both the cellular and elemental distribution in 3-dimensional space using optical microscopy on serial sections and confocal X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on bulk samples respectively. We propose a new imaging strategy using lanthanide tagged antibodies with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Using simulations, a series of lanthanide tags were identified as candidate labels for scenarios where tissue sections are imaged. The feasibility and value of the proposed approach is shown where an exposure of Ti was identified concurrently with CD45 positive cells at sub-cellular resolutions. Significant heterogeneity in the distribution of exogenous particles and cells can be present between immediately adjacent serial sections showing clear need of synchronous imaging methods. The proposed approach enables elemental compositions to be correlated with the tissue microanatomy in a highly multiplexed and non-destructive manner at high spatial resolutions with the opportunity for subsequent guided analysis.
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Chorro, Adrià, Bhavna Verma, Maylin Homfeldt, Beatríz Ibáñez, Peter A. Lawrence, and José Casal. "Planar cell polarity: intracellular asymmetry and supracellular gradients of Dachsous." Open Biology 12, no. 10 (October 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.220195.
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The slope of a supracellular molecular gradient has long been thought to orient and coordinate planar cell polarity (PCP). Here we demonstrate and measure that gradient. Dachsous (Ds) is a conserved and elemental molecule of PCP; Ds forms intercellular bridges with another cadherin molecule, Fat (Ft), an interaction modulated by the Golgi protein Four-jointed (Fj). Using genetic mosaics and tagged Ds, we measure Ds in vivo in membranes of individual cells over a whole metamere of the Drosophila abdomen. We find as follows. (i) A supracellular gradient rises from head to tail in the anterior compartment (A) and then falls in the posterior compartment (P). (ii) There is more Ds in the front than the rear membranes of all cells in the A compartment, except that compartment's most anterior and most posterior cells. There is more Ds in the rear than in the front membranes of all cells of the P compartment. (iii) The loss of Fj removes intracellular asymmetry anteriorly in the segment and reduces it elsewhere. Additional experiments show that Fj makes PCP more robust. Using Dachs (D) as a molecular indicator of polarity, we confirm that opposing gradients of PCP meet slightly out of register with compartment boundaries.
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Kalenderski, Kiril, Jean-Frédéric Dubern, Christopher Lewis-Lloyd, Nicola Jeffery, Stephan Heeb, Derek J. Irvine, Tim J. Sloan, et al. "Polymer-Coated Urinary Catheter Reduces Biofilm Formation and Biomineralization: A First-in-Man, Prospective Pilot Study." JU Open Plus 2, no. 1 (January 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ju9.0000000000000097.
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Purpose: Biofilm formation and biomineralization on urinary catheters may cause severe complications including infection and obstruction. Here, we describe an in vitro evaluation and prospective pilot clinical study of a silicone catheter coated with a biofilm-resistant polymer. Materials and Methods: Biofilm biomass and biomineralization on uncoated and coated catheters were quantified by confocal microscopy using fluorescently tagged bacteria or stained for biofilm and minerals. Biomineral identity was determined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. Biofilm formation and biomineralization were evaluated in vitro using uropathogens Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and on catheters recovered from hospitalized patients. Fibrinogen in patient urine and on catheters was quantified using an immunofluorescence assay. Results: In vitro P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa formed significantly less biofilm and biomineral and failed to block coated compared with uncoated catheters in a bladder model after 89 h. Biofilm-resistant polymer-coated catheters (n = 83) recovered from hospitalized patients exhibited significantly lower biofilm biomass and biomineralization compared with uncoated silicone catheters (n = 78). Electron microscopy with elemental analysis of recovered catheters revealed calcium oxalate crystals on coated compared with the struvite and apatite crystals on uncoated catheters associated with catheter blockage. Lower levels of biofilm-promoting fibrinogen in postcatheterization urine and on catheters from patients receiving coated catheters was observed compared with those receiving uncoated catheters indicative of a reduced inflammatory response. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that polymer-coated urinary catheters exhibit enhanced resistance to fibrinogen deposition, biofilm formation, and encrustation, reducing the risks associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infections and obstruction.
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Lalrintluanga, Devi Singh, V. M. Prasad, and Vijay Bahadur. "Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to Different Sources and Levels of Sulphur on Growth, Yield and Quality." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, September 27, 2022, 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2331586.
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The present investigation entitled “response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to different sources and levels of sulphur on growth, yield and quality” was carried out in the Horticulture Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Rabi season of 2021-22 to find out the best treatment combination for better growth, yield and quality of onion. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 13 treatments. The treatments consisted of two sources (viz., Elemental Sulphur and Gypsum) and six levels of sulphur (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg ha-1) along with control group. RDF was applied uniformly to all treatments. The parameters relating to growth, yield and quality were recorded to make a critical analysis of the crop as affected by the different treatments. The technique of representative sample was adopted for recording the observations on various morphological characters in onion. At every observation, five plants from each plot were randomly selected and tagged. The treatments in each replication were allotted randomly. The results revealed that the treatment T10 (40 kg/ha Gypsum + RDF at transplanting) was found to be the most suitable over all the other treatments in relation to plant height (39.33 cm, 50.09 cm and 72.11 cm), leaf length (33.33 cm, 44.41 cm, 63.34 cm) and number of leaves (6.71 cm, 8.08 cm, 11.96 cm) at different stages of crop growth (30, 60 and 90 DAT), neck diameter (15.69 mm), bulb diameter (69.63 mm polar diameter and 69.33 mm equatorial diameter), fresh weight of bulbs per plant bulb (195.29g) yield (312.46 q/ha), number of scales (12.89), total soluble solids (11.5°Brix) and ascorbic acid (13.62 mg/100g) and B:C ratio (2.31) of onion.
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Udupi, Anushree, Sachin Shetty, Jesil Mathew Aranjani, Rajesh Kumar, and Sanjay Bharati. "Anticancer therapeutic potential of multimodal targeting agent- “phosphorylated galactosylated chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles” against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma." Drug Delivery and Translational Research, July 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-024-01655-1.
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AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are extensively used as carriers in targeted drug delivery and has several advantages in the field of magnetic hyperthermia, chemodynamic therapy and magnet assisted radionuclide therapy. The characteristics of SPIONs can be tailored to deliver drugs into tumor via “passive targeting” and they can also be coated with tissue-specific agents to enhance tumor uptake via “active targeting”. In our earlier studies, we developed HCC specific targeting agent- “phosphorylated galactosylated chitosan”(PGC) for targeting asialoglycoprotein receptors. Considering their encouraging results, in this study we developed a multifunctional targeting system- “phosphorylated galactosylated chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles”(PGCMNPs) for targeting HCC. PGCMNPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by DLS, XRD, TEM, VSM, elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. PGCMNPs were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant properties, uptake in HepG2 cells, biodistribution, in vivo toxicity and were also evaluated for anticancer therapeutic potential against NDEA-induced HCC in mice model in terms of tumor status, electrical properties, antioxidant defense status and apoptosis. The characterization studies confirmed successful formation of PGCMNPs with superparamagnetic properties. The internalization studies demonstrated (99–100)% uptake of PGCMNPs in HepG2 cells. These results were also supported by biodistribution studies in which increased iron content (296%) was noted inside the hepatocytes. Further, PGCMNPs exhibited no in vivo toxicity. The anticancer therapeutic potential was evident from observation that PGCMNPs treatment decreased tumor bearing animals (41.6%) and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lowered tumor multiplicity. Overall, this study indicated that PGCMNPs with improved properties are efficiently taken-up by hepatoma cells and has therapeutic potential against HCC. Further, this agent can be tagged with 32P and hence can offer multimodal cancer treatment options via radiation ablation as well as magnetic hyperthermia. Graphical Abstract Schematic illustration of PGCMNPs synthesis, characterization and its anticancer potential: PGCMNPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The successful synthesis of PGCMNPs was confirmed by physical and chemical characterizations. PGCMNPs were biocompatible and exhibited no toxicity at tested parameters. PGCMNPs demonstrated higher uptake in HepG2 cells. The anticancer therapeutic potential of PGCMNPs in HCC mouse model, was evident from improved tumor statistics, increased low conductivity tumors and increased apoptosis mediated cell death.
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Hüssy, Karin, Maria Krüger-Johnsen, Tonny Bernt Thomsen, Benjamin Dominguez Heredia, Tomas Naeraa, Karin E. Limburg, Yvette Heimbrand, et al. "It’s elemental, my dear Watson: validating seasonal patterns in otolith chemical chronologies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, December 17, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0388.
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Accurate age data is essential for reliable fish stock assessment. Yet many stocks suffer from inconsistencies in age interpretation. A new approach to obtain age makes use of the chemical composition of otoliths. This study validates the periodicity of recurrent patterns in 25Mg, 31P, 34K, 55Mn, 63Cu, 64Zn, 66Zn, 85Rb, 88Sr, 138Ba, and 208Pb in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from tag-recapture and known-age samples. Otolith P concentrations showed the highest consistency in seasonality over the years, with minima co-occurring with otolith winter zones in the known-age otoliths and in late winter/early spring when water temperatures are coldest in tagged cod . The timing of minima differs between stocks, occurring around February in western Baltic cod and one month later in eastern Baltic cod; seasonal maxima are also stock-specific, occurring in August and October, respectively. The amplitude in P is larger in faster-growing western compared to eastern Baltic cod. Seasonal patterns with minima in winter/late spring were also evident in Mg and Mn, but less consistent over time and fish size than P. Chronological patterns in P, and to a lesser extent Mg and Mn, may have the potential to supplement traditional age estimation or to guide the visual identification of translucent and opaque otolith patterns used in traditional age estimation