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Journal articles on the topic 'Elemental imaging'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Pisonero, J., N. Bordel, and V. S. Smentkowski. "Elemental imaging." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 28, no. 7 (2013): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ja90034g.

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2

Bentley, J. "Energy-Filtered Imaging." Microscopy Today 8, no. 9 (November 2000): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500059393.

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Over the several years that imaging energy filters have been available commercially, numerous and wide-ranging applications have demonstrated elemental mapping with a resolution approaching 1 nm. A few reports have even shown resolutions <0.4 nm. Elemental mapping by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (Eftem) is clearly an attractive and powerful tool, but some aspects of the techniques can be complex, with many pitfalls awaiting the unwary. This tutorial aims to cover some practical aspects of elemental mapping by Eftem. It is based largely on the author's work at the ORNL Share User Facility, where Eftem research has been performed since 1994 with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF) interfaced to a Philips CM30T operated at 300 kV with a LaB6cathode. Most of the applications have been to metals and ceramics, emphasizing interfacial segregation and precipitation.
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3

Luu, Mac B., Chanh Q. Tran, Benedicta Arhatari, Eugeniu Balaur, Nirgel Kirby, Stephen Mudie, Bao T. Pham, et al. "Multi-wavelength elemental contrast absorption imaging." Optics Express 19, no. 27 (December 6, 2011): 25969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.025969.

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4

Morton, R. W., and K. C. Witherspoon. "Elemental X-Ray Imaging of Fossils." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018693.

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AbstractThis paper describes the imaging of fossils using elemental x-ray area mapping (EXAM). The technique utilizes a commercially available instrument originally designed for the silicon chip industry. The EXAM data are processed digitally with imaging software to remove surface irregularities and enhance specimen details. Applications of this technique to specimens with irregular surfaces are described.
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5

Havrilla, G. J., T. C. Miller, R. W. Morton, and K. G. Huntley. "F26 Stereoview Elemental X-ray Imaging." Powder Diffraction 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1706987.

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6

Ikematsu, Y., D. Shindo, T. Oikawa, and M. Kersker. "Elemental Mapping of Materials Using Omega Filter and Imaging Plate." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600033572.

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Elemental microanalysis has been important in materials characterization, since the elemental distribution strongly affects the property of various materials. A recently developed post-column energy filter coupled with a slow scan CCD camera makes it possible to carry out elemental mapping with a transmission electron microscope. Here, we develop the elemental mapping technique utilizing the omega filter and imaging plates (3760x3000 pixels). Since the data obtained from the imaging plates consist of a large number of pixels, fine and detailed elemental analysis will be expected.Energy-filtered images were obtained by a JEM-2010 electron microscope installed with an omega-type energy filter, and they were recorded on imaging plates (FDL-UR-V:25 μm/pixel). The width of an energy-selecting slit was set to be 20 eV. Elemental maps were obtained from the energy-filtered images using the three window technique. Special care was taken to reduce the image shifts among the three filtered images used in the three-window method.
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7

Ornatsky, Olga, Qing Chag, Eric Swanson, Taunia Closson, Alexandre Bouzekri, Alexander Loboda, and Vladimir Baranov. "Imaging mass cytometry - elemental immunohistochemistry for multiparametric imaging and quantitation." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 69.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.69.18.

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Abstract Pathology assessment of tissue sections provides prognostic evaluation and helps select optimum treatment regimens. Digital pathology has made significant strides in the analysis of several markers. There is a growing understanding of cell heterogeneity within tumor tissue, role of microenvironment, and the impact of immune cells on cancer development. Sophisticated tools are needed to provide quantitative information for a large number of biomarkers, low-abundance small molecules and chemotherapeutic drugs, while retaining spatial resolution of cells and tissue architecture. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is a novel technology that can simultaneously detect and quantitatively measure more than 50 metal-containing reagents in tissue sections at 1 μm resolution. IMC combines laser ablation with the Helios CyTOF®. We will describe in detail technology, workflow, multiplexing protocols, image analysis and show representative data for human and mouse sections. We will demonstrate the use of metal-containing histological stains for tissue architecture, and endogenous element identification [iodine, platinum]. Combined detection of protein targets and transcripts within cells will be presented. Validation will be demonstrated on sequential tissue sections prepared by conventional immunohistochemistry. Precision medicine is based on access to high-density data (proteomics and genomics) which provides accurate diagnosis and information on the best therapeutic approach. IMC is a highly multiparametric, quantitative method for phenotypic, signaling pathway, and cell state protein identification together with spatial information within tissue sections.
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8

Stears, R. L. "X-Ray absorption edge elemental imaging of B. thuringienis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153038.

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Because of the nature of the bacterial endospore, little work has been done on analyzing their elemental distribution and composition in the intact, living, hydrated state. The majority of the qualitative analysis entailed intensive disruption and processing of the endospores, which effects their cellular integrity and composition.Absorption edge imaging permits elemental analysis of hydrated, unstained specimens at high resolution. By taking advantage of differential absorption of x-ray photons in regions of varying elemental composition, and using a high brightness, tuneable synchrotron source to obtain monochromatic x-rays, contact x-ray micrographs can be made of unfixed, intact endospores that reveal sites of elemental localization. This study presents new data demonstrating the application of x-ray absorption edge imaging to produce elemental information about nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) localization using Bacillus thuringiensis as the test specimen.
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9

Bentley, J. "Energy-Filtered Imaging: A Tutorial." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038423.

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Over the several years that imaging energy filters have been available commercially, numerous and wide-ranging applications have demonstrated elemental mapping with a resolution approaching 1 nm. A few reports have even shown resolutions <0.4 nm. Elemental mapping by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is clearly an attractive and powerful tool, but some aspects of the techniques can be complex, with many pitfalls awaiting the unwary. This tutorial aims to cover some practical aspects of elemental mapping by EFTEM. It is based largely on the author's work at the ORNL SHaRE User Facility, where EFTEM research has been performed since 1994 with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF) interfaced to a Philips CM30T operated at 300 kV with a LaBa cathode.120 Most of the applications have been to metals and ceramics, emphasizing interfacial segregation and precipitation.For quantitative composition mapping by EFTEM a number of interrelated parameters [field of view, resolution (δ),
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10

Weinberg, Irving N., and Amnon Fisher. "Elemental imaging of biological specimens using azpinch." Applied Physics Letters 47, no. 10 (November 15, 1985): 1116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.96348.

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11

Perticone, David, Brandon W. Blackburn, Gongyin Chen, Wilbur A. Franklin, Ernest E. Ihloff, Gordon E. Kohse, Richard C. Lanza, Brian McAllister, and Vitaliy Ziskin. "Fast neutron resonance radiography for elemental imaging." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 922 (April 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.12.034.

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12

Bentley, J., E. L. Hall, and E. A. Kenik. "Quantitative elemental concentrations by energy-filtered imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100137719.

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There is widespread interest in elemental distribution maps produced from energy-filtered core-loss images obtained wim commercial imaging energy-filters and slow-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras on transmission electron microscopes (TEMs). Earlier work on the feasibility of mapping solute segregation in stainless steels by energy-filtered imaging confirmed the utility of jump-ratio images (created by division of a post-edge image by a pre-edge one) for rapid assessments of elemental distributions. The effects of diffraction contrast and thickness variations are largely corrected for in such images. However, quantitative compositional information requires the use of net core-loss intensities following subtraction of an extrapolated background. Such core-loss intensities are influenced by diffraction contrast and thickness variations; corrections for these effects may be necessary for a quantitative interpretation. In the present work, energy-filtered images are treated similarly to quantitative electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS) data. An image showing number of atoms per unit area, nx, is obtained by dividing the core-loss intensity image, Sx(Δ,β), by the low-loss image, J1(Δ,β), obtained with identical energy window Δ and collection half-angle β, and by the partial ionization cross-section, σx(Δ,β). Further normalization by specimen thickness, t, yields an image showing elemental concentration in atoms per unit volume:
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13

Lai, Barry, Jorg Maser, Stefan Vogt, Zhonghou Cai, and Dan Legnini. "Imaging and Quantifying Major/Trace Elemental Distribution." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, S02 (August 2004): 1284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760488632x.

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14

Sawada, Shimpei, and Hideki Kakeya. "Integral volumetric imaging using decentered elemental lenses." Optics Express 20, no. 23 (November 1, 2012): 25902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.025902.

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15

Havrilla, G. J., T. C. Miller, and S. Stock. "F27 Elemental Imaging of Sea Urchin Tooth." Powder Diffraction 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1706980.

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16

Feldmann, Jörg, and Eva M. Krupp. "Elemental imaging and speciation in plant science." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 402, no. 10 (February 14, 2012): 3261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5758-4.

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17

Ottensmeyer, F. P., D. W. Andrews, A. L. Arsenault, Y. M. Heng, G. T. Simon, and G. C. Weatherly. "Elemental imaging by electron energy loss microscopy." Scanning 10, no. 6 (1988): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950100604.

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18

Park, Jae-Hyeung, Sungyong Jung, Heejin Choi, and Byoungho Lee. "Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by elemental image resizing and elemental lens switching." Applied Optics 41, no. 32 (November 10, 2002): 6875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.006875.

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19

Krivanek, O. L., A. J. Gubbens, M. K. Kundmann, and G. C. Carpenter. "Elemental mapping with an energy-selecting imaging filter." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148769.

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Imaging filters produce energy-selected images in a few seconds, and chemical maps formed by processing of several images taken at different energy losses in typically less than one minute. On the other hand, imaging filters do not provide detailed spectra from each specimen point, and are vulnerable to artifacts due to variations in specimen thickness, and other effects influencing EELS background extrapolation and subtraction. These include diffraction contrast arising particularly in crystalline samples, edge overlap, and extended fine structures (EXELFS) in the pre-edge region caused by major edges at lower energies. We have therefore been exploring the practical usefulness of imaging filters on a range of specimens from materials science and biology. The results suggest that the imaging capability combined with full paralleldetection EELS performance delivers a very powerful experimental set-up.Figure 1 shows an energy-filtered bright field image of a steel sample containing about 1 % Cu, obtained at 120 keV with the Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF) attached to a Philips CM12ST microscope.
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20

Ohmori, Takashi, Masatoshi Hatayama, Tadayuki Ohchi, Hisashi Ito, Hisataka Takenaka, and Kouichi Tsuji. "Development of X-ray 2D dispersive device for WD-XRF imaging spectrometer." Powder Diffraction 27, no. 2 (June 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715612000358.

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Micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis provides us with elemental maps that are very useful for understanding the samples under test. Usually, scanning-type elemental mapping is performed. That means a sample stage is scanned to a fixed X-ray microbeam. XRF analysis is performed at the scanned points, leading to 2D elemental mapping. One of the drawbacks of this technique is the long acquisition time depending on the area being mapped and the lateral resolution required. Thus, projection-type elemental mapping has been studied. We have studied the projection type XRF imaging by using a straight polycapillary optic combined with an X-ray CCD camera. To obtain the elemental map, we applied a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS). In this paper, we report a newly developed 2D dispersive device. The construction and analytical performance of this X-ray optic will be explained.
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21

Jeong, Hyeonah, Eunsu Lee, and Hoon Yoo. "Re-Calibration and Lens Array Area Detection for Accurate Extraction of Elemental Image Array in Three-Dimensional Integral Imaging." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 9252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189252.

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This paper presents a new method for extracting an elemental image array in three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging. To reconstruct 3D images in integral imaging, as the first step, a method is required to accurately extract an elemental image array from a raw captured image. Thus, several methods have been discussed to extract an elemental image array. However, the accuracy is sometimes degraded due to inaccurate edge detection, image distortions, optical misalignment, and so on. Especially, small pixel errors can deteriorate the performance of an integral imaging system with a lens array. To overcome the problem, we propose a postprocessing method for the accurate extraction of an elemental image array. Our method is a unified version of an existing method and proposed postprocessing techniques. The proposed postprocessing consists of re-calibration and lens array area detection. Our method reuses the results from an existing method, and it then improves the results via the proposed postprocessing techniques. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform optical experiments for 3D objects and provide the resulting images. The experimental results indicate that the proposed postprocessing techniques improve an existing method for extracting an elemental image array in integral imaging. Therefore, we expect the proposed techniques to be applied to various applications of integral imaging systems
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22

Havrilla, George J., and Thomasin Miller. "Micro X-ray fluorescence in materials characterization." Powder Diffraction 19, no. 2 (June 2004): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1752947.

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Micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) offers the analyst a new approach to materials characterization. The range of applications is expanding rapidly. Single point analysis has been demonstrated for nanoliter volumes with detection limits at the 0.5 ng level. MXRF can be used as an element specific detector for capillary electrophoresis. Elemental imaging applications include analysis of sample corrosion and polymers, use as a combinatorial chemistry screening tool, and integration with molecular spectroscopic imaging methods to provide a more comprehensive characterization. Three-dimensional elemental imaging is a reality with the development of a confocal X-ray fluorescence microscope. Stereoview elemental X-ray imaging can provide unique views of materials that flat two-dimensional images cannot achieve. Spectral imaging offers chemical imaging capability, moving MXRF into a higher level of information content. The future is bright for MXRF as a materials characterization tool.
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23

HIRATA, Takafumi, Michitaka TANAKA, Hideyuki O-BAYASHI, Kentaro HATTORI, and Shuhei SAKATA. "New Ion Collector for Elemental and Isotope Imaging." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 64, no. 6 (2016): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.16-76.

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24

ZHAO Yan, 赵. 岩., 李. 丽. LI Li, and 王世刚 WANG Shi-gang. "Elemental image array coding combining imaging geometry features." Optics and Precision Engineering 26, no. 12 (2018): 3060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20182612.3060.

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25

Yamaguchi, Yuuki, Yukari Moriya, Tomohiro Haruta, and Shunsuke Asahina. "3D Imaging and Elemental Analysis of Biological Samples." Microscopy and Microanalysis 28, S1 (July 22, 2022): 1502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927622006067.

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26

Shao, Qi-Gang, Jian Chen, Faiz Wali, Yuan Bao, Zhi-Li Wang, Pei-Ping Zhu, Yang-Chao Tian, and Kun Gao. "Elemental x-ray imaging using Zernike phase contrast." Chinese Physics B 25, no. 10 (September 23, 2016): 108702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/25/10/108702.

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27

Kinney, John, Quintin Johnson, Monte C. Nichols, Ulrich Bonse, and Rudolf Nusshardt. "Elemental and chemical-state imaging using synchrotron radiation." Applied Optics 25, no. 24 (December 15, 1986): 4583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.004583.

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28

Cheng, Jessica Y. W., Chak K. Chan, and Arthur P. S. Lau. "Quantification of Airborne Elemental Carbon by Digital Imaging." Aerosol Science and Technology 45, no. 5 (March 31, 2011): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.550960.

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29

Deng, Biao, Guohao Du, Guangzhao Zhou, Yudan Wang, Yuqi Ren, Rongchang Chen, Pengfei Sun, Honglan Xie, and Tiqiao Xiao. "3D elemental sensitive imaging by full-field XFCT." Analyst 140, no. 10 (2015): 3521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an02401j.

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30

Fernández, Beatriz. "Elemental and molecular imaging by LA-ICP-MS." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 411, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1523-7.

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31

Przybyłowicz, W. J., C. A. Pineda, V. M. Prozesky, and J. Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz. "Investigation of Ni hyperaccumulation by true elemental imaging." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 104, no. 1-4 (September 1995): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(95)00445-9.

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32

Przybyłowicz, W. J., V. M. Prozesky, and F. M. Meyer. "True elemental imaging of pyrites from Witwatersrand reefs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 104, no. 1-4 (September 1995): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(95)00458-0.

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33

Rivers, M. L., S. R. Sutton, and M. Newville. "3-D Elemental imaging by synchrotron computed microtomography." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.988.

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34

Crozier, P. A. "Energy-Filtered Imaging and Spectrum Imaging: Which One Should I Choose?" Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 949–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011636.

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There are now several commercially available methods for performing spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscopy. In the energy-filtering electron microscope (EFEM), an Omega filter (Zeiss 912) or a post-column magnetic-prism filter (Gatan Imaging Filter) forms an electron image with electrons of a selected energy loss. A series of such images are acquired to provide spatially resolved information on sections of the energy-loss spectrum. These images can be processed to yield elemental maps from areas of interest in the material. In the spectrum imaging method (EMISPEC System), a small focused electron probe is rastered over the sample and a parallel energy-loss spectrum acquired from each point in the selected area. These spectra are then batch processed and information like elemental distributions extracted and displayed in the form of a map. Each of these two approaches has advantages and disadvantages and the appropriate choice is often dictated by factors such as time constraints, sample stability and the nature of the information of interest.
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35

HOMMA-TAKEDA, S., Y. NISHIMURA, Y. WATANABE, H. IMASEKI, and M. YUKAWA. "APPLICATION OF MICROPIXE TO ELEMENTAL IMAGING OF THE RAT TESTIS." International Journal of PIXE 11, no. 03n04 (January 2001): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083501000153.

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The MicroPIXE technique was employed to reveal detailed distributions of trace elements in the testis, which distinguish the cell type-differences corresponding to the germ cell development (the 14 designated stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle). Clear elemental imagings were obtained for P and S with a 50 μ m-thick section; S was higher in elongated spermatids in stages VII-VII, where a lower level of P was observed. Elemental imagings of Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn were obscure compared with P and S, but information about their localization in the seminiferous epithelium was obtained. These results suggest that microPIXE analysis is a powerful technique for investigation of elemental dynamics in the testis, although an improvement of detection for testicular trace elements is required.
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36

Kothleitner, G., and H. A. Brink. "Spectroscopy and Imaging With Energy-Filtering Tems: Parameters That Matter." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600033286.

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Spectroscopy and imaging techniques based on electron energy-losses (EELS), which are accessible through energy-filtering transmission electron microscopes (EFTEMs), have proven to be important tools in both materials and life science investigations.The two most widely used techniques on commercially available EFTEMs are elastic imaging and elemental mapping. Elastic imaging enhances image resolution and contrast by extracting the zero-loss signal and eliminating the inelastic background, whereas elemental mapping, which involves signals coming from element-specific inner-shell ionization edges, is employed to form two dimensional elemental distribution images. In both cases relatively large energy windows of a range of 10 to 30eVare typically used to form energy-filtered images with usually low to moderately high magnifications.There is however much more information available in an EELS spectrum, which is contained in the detailed fine structure within 0-20eV of a core excitation edge (ELNES) or in the very low energy-loss up to 5eV.
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37

Liu, Zesheng, Dahai Li, and Huan Deng. "Wide-Viewing-Angle Integral Imaging System with Full-Effective-Pixels Elemental Image Array." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010225.

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There exists a defect of the narrow viewing angle in the conventional integral imaging system. One reason for this is that only partial pixels of each elemental image contribute to the viewing angle and the others cause image flips. In this paper, a wide-viewing-angle integral imaging system with a full-effective-pixels elemental image array (FEP-EIA) was proposed. The correspondence between viewpoints and pixel coordinates within the elemental image array was built up, and effective pixel blocks and pixels leading to flipping images were deduced. Then, a pixel replacement method was proposed to generate the FEP-EIAs, which adapt to different viewing distances. As a result, the viewing angle of the proposed integral imaging system was effectively extended through the replacement of the pixels, which caused the image flips. Experiment results demonstrated that wide viewing angles are available for the proposed integral imaging system regardless of the viewing distances.
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38

Bishop, David P., David Clases, Fred Fryer, Elizabeth Williams, Simon Wilkins, Dominic J. Hare, Nerida Cole, Uwe Karst, and Philip A. Doble. "Elemental bio-imaging using laser ablation-triple quadrupole-ICP-MS." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 1 (2016): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00293a.

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39

Min-Chul Lee, Min-Chul Lee, Kotaro Inoue Kotaro Inoue, Cheol-Su Kim Cheol-Su Kim, and and Myungjin Cho and Myungjin Cho. "Regeneration of elemental images in integral imaging for occluded objects using a plenoptic camera." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 12 (2016): 121101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.121101.

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40

Xunbo Yu, Xunbo Yu, Xinzhu Sang Xinzhu Sang, Xin Gao Xin Gao, Shenwu Yang Shenwu Yang, Boyang Liu Boyang Liu, Duo Chen Duo Chen, Binbin Yan Binbin Yan, and Chongxiu Yu Chongxiu Yu. "Distortion correction for the elemental images of integral imaging by introducing the directional diffuser." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 4 (2018): 041001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.041001.

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41

Wang Yu, 王宇, and 朴燕 Piao Yan. "Computational Reconstruction for Integral Imaging with Sampled Elemental Images." Acta Optica Sinica 34, no. 5 (2014): 0511003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201434.0511003.

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42

Buckley, C. J., G. F. Foster, R. E. Burge, S. Y. Ali, C. A. Scotchford, J. Kirz, and M. L. Rivers. "Elemental imaging of cartilage by scanning x‐ray microscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 1 (January 1992): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143804.

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43

Oh, Se-Chan, Ji-Soo Hong, Jae-Hyeung Park, and Byoung-Ho Lee. "Efficient Algorithms to Generate Elemental Images in Integral Imaging." Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2004.8.3.115.

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44

Homma-Takeda, S., Y. Nishimura, Y. Watanabe, H. Imaseki, and M. Yukawa. "Elemental imaging of rat epididymis by micro-PIXE analysis." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 210 (September 2003): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(03)01064-4.

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45

Gueriau, Pierre, and Loïc Bertrand. "Deciphering Exceptional Preservation of Fossils Through Trace Elemental Imaging." Microscopy Today 23, no. 3 (April 29, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929515000024.

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Gueriau, P., and L. Bertrand. "Deciphering Exceptional Preservation of Fossils Using Trace Elemental Imaging." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, S3 (August 2014): 2004–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614011751.

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Anderson, I. M. "Towards Spectral Imaging and Elemental Mapping at Atomic Resolution." Microscopy and Microanalysis 9, S02 (July 24, 2003): 996–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760344498x.

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Hare, Dominic, Fiona Burger, Christine Austin, Fred Fryer, Rudolf Grimm, Brian Reedy, Richard A. Scolyer, John F. Thompson, and Philip Doble. "Elemental bio-imaging of melanoma in lymph node biopsies." Analyst 134, no. 3 (2009): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b812745j.

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Liu, Yijin, Florian Meirer, Junyue Wang, Guillermo Requena, Phillip Williams, Johanna Nelson, Apurva Mehta, Joy C. Andrews, and Piero Pianetta. "3D elemental sensitive imaging using transmission X-ray microscopy." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 404, no. 5 (February 19, 2012): 1297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5818-9.

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Crozier, P. A. "Quantitative elemental mapping of materials by energy-filtered imaging." Ultramicroscopy 58, no. 2 (May 1995): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(94)00201-w.

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