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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrostatics and electrodynamics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Moayedi, S. K., M. Shafabakhsh, and F. Fathi. "Analytical Calculation of Stored Electrostatic Energy per Unit Length for an Infinite Charged Line and an Infinitely Long Cylinder in the Framework of Born-Infeld Electrostatics." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/180185.

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More than 80 years ago, Born-Infeld electrodynamics was proposed in order to remove the point charge singularity in Maxwell electrodynamics. In this work, after a brief introduction to Lagrangian formulation of Abelian Born-Infeld model in the presence of an external source, we obtain the explicit forms of Gauss’s law and the energy density of an electrostatic field for Born-Infeld electrostatics. The electric field and the stored electrostatic energy per unit length for an infinite charged line and an infinitely long cylinder in Born-Infeld electrostatics are calculated. Numerical estimations in this paper show that the nonlinear corrections to Maxwell electrodynamics are considerable only for strong electric fields. We present an action functional for Abelian Born-Infeld model with an auxiliary scalar field in the presence of an external source. This action functional is a generalization of the action functional which was presented by Tseytlin in his studies on low energy dynamics ofD-branes (Nucl. Phys. B469, 51 (1996); Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 19, 3427 (2004)). Finally, we derive the symmetric energy-momentum tensor for Abelian Born-Infeld model with an auxiliary scalar field.

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2

Land, Martin. "Electrostatics in Stueckelberg-Horwitz electrodynamics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 437 (April 22, 2013): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/437/1/012012.

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3

Porschke, D. "Electrostatics and electrodynamics of bacteriorhodopsin." Biophysical Journal 71, no. 6 (December 1996): 3381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79531-0.

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4

Sales, Jorge Henrique de Oliveira. "Podolsky's Electrodynamics Via First Principles." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 13818–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl8iss2pp13818-01e.

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A theory of electromagnetism with higher order derivatives, which attained by generalizing the laws of electrostatics, laws that follow from the generalized Coulomb's law and the superposition principle, so that they are consistent with special relativity.

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5

Scharf, Günter, and Richard A. Matzner. "From Electrostatics to Optics: A Concise Electrodynamics Course." American Journal of Physics 63, no. 10 (October 1995): 959–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18043.

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6

Bhattacharyya, Ie Mei, Izhar Ron, Ankit Chauhan, Evgeny Pikhay, Doron Greental, Niv Mizrahi, Yakov Roizin, and Gil Shalev. "A new approach towards the Debye length challenge for specific and label-free biological sensing based on field-effect transistors." Nanoscale 14, no. 7 (2022): 2837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr08468b.

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A Meta-Nano Channel BioFET is demonstrated to decouple the electrostatics of the solution from the electrodynamics of the FET such that the Debye screening length can be electrostatically tuned to enhance the sensor output signal.

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7

Eylon, Bat‐Sheva, and Uri Ganiel‡. "Macro‐micro relationships: the missing link between electrostatics and electrodynamics in students’ reasoning." International Journal of Science Education 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120107.

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8

AN, Jeonggon, and Gyoungho LEE*. "Analysis of Students' Difficulties in Learning Electrodynamics via a Model-based View: A Focus on Electrostatics." New Physics: Sae Mulli 66, no. 5 (May 31, 2016): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.66.590.

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9

Onohara, A. N., I. S. Batista, and H. Takahashi. "The ultra-fast Kelvin waves in the equatorial ionosphere: observations and modeling." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-209-2013.

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Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the vertical coupling between the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and the ionosphere through ultra-fast Kelvin (UFK) waves in the equatorial atmosphere. The effect of UFK waves on the ionospheric parameters was estimated using an ionospheric model which calculates electrostatic potential in the E-region and solves coupled electrodynamics of the equatorial ionosphere in the E- and F-regions. The UFK wave was observed in the South American equatorial region during February–March 2005. The MLT wind data obtained by meteor radar at São João do Cariri (7.5° S, 37.5° W) and ionospheric F-layer bottom height (h'F) observed by ionosonde at Fortaleza (3.9° S; 38.4° W) were used in order to calculate the wave characteristics and amplitude of oscillation. The simulation results showed that the combined electrodynamical effect of tides and UFK waves in the MLT region could explain the oscillations observed in the ionospheric parameters.

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10

Kruglov, S. I. "Remarks on Heisenberg–Euler-type electrodynamics." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 16 (May 11, 2017): 1750092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500924.

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We consider Heisenberg–Euler-type model of nonlinear electrodynamics with two parameters. Heisenberg–Euler electrodynamics is a particular case of this model. Corrections to Coulomb’s law at [Formula: see text] are obtained and energy conditions are studied. The total electrostatic energy of charged particles is finite. The charged black hole solution in the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics is investigated. We find the asymptotic of the metric and mass functions at [Formula: see text]. Corrections to the Reissner–Nordström solution are obtained.

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11

Kruglov, S. I. "Notes on Born–Infeld-type electrodynamics." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 36 (November 21, 2017): 1750201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317502017.

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We propose a new model of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) with three parameters. Born–Infeld (BI) electrodynamics and exponential electrodynamics are particular cases of this model. The phenomenon of vacuum birefringence in the external magnetic field is studied. We show that there is no singularity of the electric field at the origin of point-like charged particles. The corrections to Coulomb’s law at [Formula: see text] are obtained. We calculate the total electrostatic energy of charges, for different parameters of the model, which is finite.

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12

Kechkin, O. V., and P. A. Mosharev. "Structures of general relativity in dilaton-Maxwell electrodynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 23 (August 20, 2016): 1650127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1650127x.

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It is shown that electro (magneto) static sector of Maxwell’s electrodynamics coupled to the dilaton field in a string theory form possesses the symmetry group of the stationary General Relativity in vacuum. Performing the Ernst formalism, we develope a technique for generation of exact solutions in this modified electrodynamics on the base of the normalized Ehlers symmetry transformation. In the electrostatic case, we construct and study a general class of spherically symmetric solutions that describes a pointlike source of the Coulomb type. It is demonstrated that this source is characterized by finite and singularity-free interaction at short distances. Also it is established that the total electrostatic energy of this source is finite and inversely proportional to the dilaton-Maxwell coupling constant.

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13

Fathi, F., and S. K. Moayedi. "An analytical investigation of the cylindrical capacitor in the framework of a two-parameter modification of Born–Infeld electrodynamics." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 07 (May 24, 2018): 1850118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818501189.

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Iacopini and Zavattini [Vacuum polarization effects in the [Formula: see text] atom and the Born–Infeld electromagnetic theory, Nuovo Cimento B 78 (1983) 38–52] proposed a [Formula: see text]-two-parameter modification of Born–Infeld electrodynamics, in which the classical self-energy for an electron takes a finite value for [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we want to study a cylindrical capacitor from the viewpoint of Iacopini–Zavattini nonlinear electrodynamics analytically. The capacitance, the electrostatic potential energy, and the potential difference between the plates of a cylindrical capacitor are calculated in the framework of Iacopini–Zavattini electrodynamics for two specific values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The study of the behavior of a nonlinear cylindrical capacitor in the weak electric fields shows that our results are compatible with the correspondence principle, i.e. we recover the results of Maxwell electrodynamics in the weak field regime. Finally, the invariance of Iacopini–Zavattini nonlinear electrodynamics under the duality transformation is investigated.

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14

Lazar, Markus, and Jakob Leck. "Second Gradient Electromagnetostatics: Electric Point Charge, Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Dipoles." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071104.

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In this paper, we study the theory of second gradient electromagnetostatics as the static version of second gradient electrodynamics. The theory of second gradient electrodynamics is a linear generalization of higher order of classical Maxwell electrodynamics whose Lagrangian is both Lorentz and U ( 1 ) -gauge invariant. Second gradient electromagnetostatics is a gradient field theory with up to second-order derivatives of the electromagnetic field strengths in the Lagrangian. Moreover, it possesses a weak nonlocality in space and gives a regularization based on higher-order partial differential equations. From the group theoretical point of view, in second gradient electromagnetostatics the (isotropic) constitutive relations involve an invariant scalar differential operator of fourth order in addition to scalar constitutive parameters. We investigate the classical static problems of an electric point charge, and electric and magnetic dipoles in the framework of second gradient electromagnetostatics, and we show that all the electromagnetic fields (potential, field strength, interaction energy, interaction force) are singularity-free, unlike the corresponding solutions in the classical Maxwell electromagnetism and in the Bopp–Podolsky theory. The theory of second gradient electromagnetostatics delivers a singularity-free electromagnetic field theory with weak spatial nonlocality.

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15

Zheng, Yi. "A Generalization of Electromagnetic Fluctuation-Induced Casimir Energy." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/198657.

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Intermolecular forces responsible for adhesion and cohesion can be classified according to their origins; interactions between charges, ions, random dipole—random dipole (Keesom), random dipole—induced dipole (Debye) are due to electrostatic effects; covalent bonding, London dispersion forces between fluctuating dipoles, and Lewis acid-base interactions are due to quantum mechanical effects; pressure and osmotic forces are of entropic origin. Of all these interactions, the London dispersion interaction is universal and exists between all types of atoms as well as macroscopic objects. The dispersion force between macroscopic objects is called Casimir/van der Waals force. It results from alteration of the quantum and thermal fluctuations of the electrodynamic field due to the presence of interfaces and plays a significant role in the interaction between macroscopic objects at micrometer and nanometer length scales. This paper discusses how fluctuational electrodynamics can be used to determine the Casimir energy/pressure between planar multilayer objects. Though it is confirmation of the famous work of Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz, and Pitaevskii (DLP), we have solved the problem without having to use methods from quantum field theory that DLP resorted to. Because of this new approach, we have been able to clarify the contributions of propagating and evanescent waves to Casimir energy/pressure in dissipative media.

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16

Kovacevic, Milan S., Miroslav R. Jovanovic, and Marko M. Milosevic. "On the calculus of Dirac delta function with some applications in classical electrodynamics." Revista Mexicana de Física E 18, no. 2 Jul-Dec (May 21, 2021): 020205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfise.18.020205.

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The Dirac delta function is a concept that is useful throughout physics as a standard mathematical tool that appears repeatedly in the undergraduate physics curriculum including electrodynamics, optics, and quantum mechanics. Our analysis was guided by an analytical framework focusing on how students activate, construct, execute, and reflect on the Dirac delta function in the context of classical electrodynamics problems solving. It’s applications in solving the charge density associated with a point charge as well as electrostatic point dipole field, for more advanced situations to describe the charge density of hydrogen atom were presented.

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17

GONZÁLEZ, J., F. GUINEA, and M. A. H. VOZMEDIANO. "ELECTROSTATIC SCREENING IN FULLERENE COMPOUNDS." Modern Physics Letters B 08, no. 23 (October 10, 1994): 1437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984994001400.

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We study the Coulomb interactions in fullerene compounds within a continuum formalism. The model gives rise to a renormalizable field theory, which has many similarities to standard quantum electrodynamics. The effective electric charge at low energies is reduced by screening processes. The associated renormalization of the one-electron Green’s function leads to the vanishing of the quasiparticle pole. It implies the disappearance of coherent one-particle excitations, in close analogy to the one-dimensional Luttinger liquid. The relevance of these results for C 60 and related molecules is discussed.

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18

Sayyah, Arash, Mark N. Horenstein, Malay K. Mazumder, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Electrostatic force distribution on an electrodynamic screen." Journal of Electrostatics 81 (June 2016): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2016.02.004.

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19

Rahmat, M. F., and N. S. Kamaruddin. "An electrodynamic sensor for electrostatic charge measurement." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 2, no. 2 (2009): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-346.

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20

Bonin, C. A., B. M. Pimentel, and P. H. Ortega. "Multipole expansion in generalized electrodynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 24 (August 29, 2019): 1950134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501343.

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In this paper, we study some classical aspects of Podolsky electrodynamics in the static regime. We develop the multipole expansion for the theory in both the electrostatic and the magnetostatic cases. We also address the problem of consistently truncating the infinite series associated with the several kinds of multipoles, yielding approximations for the static Podolskian electromagnetic field to any degree of precision required. Moreover, we apply the general theory of multipole expansion to some specific physical problems. In those problems, we identify the first terms of the series with the monopole, dipole, and quadrupole terms in the generalized theory. We also propose a situation in which Podolsky theory can be experimentally tested.

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21

CUZINATTO, R. R., C. A. M. DE MELO, L. G. MEDEIROS, and P. J. POMPEIA. "HOW CAN ONE PROBE PODOLSKY ELECTRODYNAMICS?" International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 21 (August 20, 2011): 3641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11053961.

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We investigate the possibility of detecting the Podolsky generalized electrodynamics constant a. First we analyze an ion interferometry apparatus proposed by B. Neyenhuis et al. ( Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 200401 (2007)), who looked for deviations from Coulomb's inverse-square law in the context of Proca model. Our results show that this experiment has not enough precision for measurements of a. In order to set up bounds for a, we investigate the influence of Podolsky's electrostatic potential on the ground state of the Hydrogen atom. The value of the ground state energy of the Hydrogen atom requires Podolsky's constant to be smaller than 5.6 fm, or in energy scales larger than 35.51 MeV.

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22

Svestka, J., and E. Grün. "Electrostatic Fragmentation of Dust Particles in Laboratory." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 150 (1992): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900089609.

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Experimental laboratory work on simulation of the electrostatic fragmentation was started with loosely bound Al2O3 particles of 1 to 10 micrometers size. These particles were suspended in an electrodynamic quadrupole inside a vacuum chamber and electrically charged by ion beams of energies up to 5 keV. The electrostatic fragmentation was observed and derived tensile strengths of the particles range from 103 to 105 Pa what is compatible with theoretical estimates. A dependence of the tensile strength on the size of particles has been found. This dependence can be well fitted by inverse square power law.

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23

PETROV, VALKO G. "QUALITATIVE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CARDIAC FIBER ELECTRODYNAMICS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 04, no. 03 (June 1994): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820259400025x.

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This paper introduces an approach for modeling the calcium electrodynamics in cardiac fiber taking into account the electrostatic capacitance, non-reactive (ohmic) resistance, negative reactive resistance and small inductivity of the reticulum membrane. Proposing the simplest analytic form of competition between Ca2+ ions and ATP molecules at the calcium pump, the nonlinear differential equation of Van der Pol type for the calcium concentration in the myoplasma is derived. Using the capacitance formula the same equation is transformed for describing the action potential behavior in muscle contraction process. The phase and bifurcation analyses of this model are presented. Physiologic interpretation of the qualitative results, oriented to further development of the problem is made.

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24

Kruglov, S. I. "Magnetized black holes and nonlinear electrodynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 23n24 (August 24, 2017): 1750147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17501470.

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A new model of nonlinear electrodynamics with two parameters is proposed. We study the phenomenon of vacuum birefringence, the causality and unitarity in this model. There is no singularity of the electric field in the center of pointlike charges and the total electrostatic energy is finite. We obtain corrections to the Coulomb law at [Formula: see text]. The weak, dominant and strong energy conditions are investigated. Magnetized charged black hole is considered and we evaluate the mass, metric function and their asymptotic at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The magnetic mass of the black hole is calculated. The thermodynamic properties and thermal stability of regular black holes are discussed. We calculate the Hawking temperature of black holes and show that there are first-order and second-order phase transitions. The parameters of the model when the black hole is stable are found.

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25

Xue, X., and J. Wu. "Electrostatic and magnetostatic solutions in a Lorentz-violating electrodynamics model." European Physical Journal C 48, no. 1 (August 8, 2006): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2006-02619-2.

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26

Kholodenko, Arkady L., and Redouane Borsal. "On electrostatic rigidity of polyelectrolytes: an analogy with quantum electrodynamics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 221, no. 4 (December 1995): 389–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00187-7.

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27

Kozhevnikov, V. Y., A. V. Kozyrev, and A. O. Kokovin. "The problem of “anomalous” ion transport in high-current vacuum discharges." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012025.

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Abstract This paper gives an exhaustive theoretical description of the so-called “anomalous” ion transport phenomenon that exists in vacuum diodes with cathode plasma emission. The phenomenon is represented by the cathode plasma directed movement towards anode. In general terms, the “anomality” means that metal ions are accelerated towards an electrode with a higher electrostatic potential (anode). The theoretical description is given within the framework of a one-dimensional kinetic model, which is based on the Vlasov-Poisson system of equations for plasma and electrostatic field components. Time-dependent accurate numerical solution of this system describes the process evolution leading to “anomalous” ion transport. It was shown that the “anomalous” transport has fast electrodynamic nature.

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28

Meis, Constantin. "Quantum Vacuum Gravitation Matter-Antimatter Antigravity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012044.

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Abstract Without stating any assumptions or making postulates we show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. Photons are local oscillations of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum field guided by a non-local vector potential wave function. The electron-positron elementary charge emerges naturally from the vacuum field and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles have electromagnetic origin. In addition, we deduce that the gravitational constant G is an intrinsic property of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We show that Newton’s gravitational law is equivalent to Coulomb’s electrostatic law. Furthermore, we draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces could be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum field may be the natural link between particle physics, quantum electrodynamics, gravitation and cosmology constituting a basic step towards a unified field theory.

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29

Chen, Zhi, He Li, Yu Huang, and Zhen Zhang. "Modeling and Simulation of Wire Electrode Deflection in WEDM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.708.

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In the process of wire electrical discharge machining, the wire electrode inevitably suffers bending deformation due to wire tension, electrostatic force, electrodynamics force, etc., and the deflection would make an clearly negative impact upon the machining accuracy, productivity and stability. In this paper, first of all, a novel modeling and simulation method is proposed for quantitatively calculating the wire deflection. Secondly, the mainly impact factors and trend of wire deflection have been concluded. Moreover, the feasibility of the model is proved by comparing with other researchers models. Eventually, the practical approaches of reducing wire deflection and improving the machining accuracy have been proposed.

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30

Carley, Holly K., Michael K. H. Kiessling, and Volker Perlick. "On the Schrödinger spectrum of a hydrogen atom with electrostatic Bopp–Landé–Thomas–Podolsky interaction between electron and proton." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 26 (September 20, 2019): 1950146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1950146x.

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The Schrödinger spectrum of a hydrogen atom, modeled as a two-body system consisting of a point electron and a point proton, changes when the usual Coulomb interaction between point particles is replaced with an interaction which results from a modification of Maxwell’s law of the electromagnetic vacuum. Empirical spectral data thereby impose bounds on the theoretical parameters involved in such modified vacuum laws. In the present paper the vacuum law proposed, in the 1940s, by Bopp, Landé–Thomas, and Podolsky (BLTP) is scrutinized in such a manner. The BLTP theory hypothesizes the existence of an electromagnetic length scale of nature — the Bopp length [Formula: see text] —, to the effect that the electrostatic pair interaction deviates significantly from Coulomb’s law only for distances much shorter than [Formula: see text]. Rigorous lower and upper bounds are constructed for the Schrödinger energy levels of the hydrogen atom, [Formula: see text], for all [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The energy levels [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are also computed numerically and plotted versus [Formula: see text]. It is found that the BLTP theory predicts a nonrelativistic correction to the splitting of the Lyman-[Formula: see text] line in addition to its well-known relativistic fine-structure splitting. Under the assumption that this splitting does not go away in a relativistic calculation, it is argued that present-day precision measurements of the Lyman-[Formula: see text] line suggest that [Formula: see text] must be smaller than [Formula: see text]. Finite proton size effects are found not to modify this conclusion. As a consequence, the electrostatic field energy of an elementary point charge, although finite in BLTP electrodynamics, is much larger than the empirical rest mass ([Formula: see text]) of an electron. If, as assumed in all “renormalized theories” of the electron, the empirical rest mass of a physical electron is the sum of its bare rest mass and its electrostatic field energy, then in BLTP electrodynamics the electron has to be assigned a negative bare rest mass.

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31

ZHU, QUAN, KE-XIANG FU, XIANG-YUAN LI, and JI-FENG LIU. "SOLVENT REORGANIZATION ENERGY WITH DIELECTRIC GREEN FUNCTIONAL AND ITS APPLICATION TO RETURN ELECTRON TRANSFER IN TETRACYANOETHYLENE-HEXAMETHYLBENZENE SYSTEM." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 03, no. 04 (December 2004): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633604001240.

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Based on classical electrodynamics, the proper integral formula for general cases is adopted to estimate the electrostatic free energy difference between two given states, e.g. equilibrium and non-equilibrium states in the charging process of solute molecule in solution. With adequate consideration of the change of dielectric property in establishing the non-equilibrium state, the electrostatic free energy for this state can be obtained in a form differing from the traditional theories. The general formula of the solvent reorganization energy is derived according to the definition of the free energy difference between the non-equilibrium and equilibrium states due to the same electronic state of the solute molecule. Applying it to the two-sphere model and single-sphere model, we obtain the new expressions of the solvent reorganization energy, which are convenient to be used in practice. In the investigation of the return electron transfer of tetracyanoethylene-hexmethylbenzene system, good results can be obtained by using our expression when they are compared with those from the experiment.

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32

Armanious, Miena, J. Tyo, Michael Skipper, Michael Abdalla, William Prather, and Greggory Gruen. "Electrostatic field management and electrodynamic modeling of switched quarter-wave oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 18, no. 4 (August 2011): 1054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2011.5976095.

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33

Bermúdez Manjarres, A. D., M. Nowakowski, and D. Batic. "Coulomb law in the nonuniform Euler–Heisenberg theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 33 (November 20, 2020): 2050211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20502115.

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We consider the nonlinear classical field theory which results from adding to the Maxwell’s Lagrangian the contributions from the weak-field Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian and a nonuniform part which involves derivatives of the electric and magnetic fields. We focus on the electrostatic case where the magnetic field is set to zero, and we derive the modified Gauss law, resulting in a higher-order differential equation. This equation gives the electric field produced by stationary charges in the higher-order nonlinear electrodynamics. Specializing for the case of a point charge, we investigate the solutions of the modified Gauss law and calculate the correction to the Coulomb law.

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34

Culetu, Hristu. "Nonsingular black hole with a nonlinear electric source." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 09 (July 31, 2015): 1542001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815420018.

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A modified version of the Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) metric is proposed on the grounds of the nonlinear electrodynamics model. The source of curvature is an anisotropic fluid with pr = -ρ which resembles the Maxwell stress tensor at r ≫ q2/2m, where q and m are the mass and charge of the particle, respectively. We found the black hole (BH) horizon entropy obeys the relation S = ∣W∣/2T = AH/4, with W the Komar energy and AH the horizon area. The electric field around the source depends not only on its charge but also on its mass. The corresponding electrostatic potential Φ(r) is finite everywhere, being -m/2q at the origin and nonzero asymptotically, with Φ∞ = m/q.

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35

d'Avenia, Pietro, and Gaetano Siciliano. "Nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the Bopp–Podolsky electrodynamics: Solutions in the electrostatic case." Journal of Differential Equations 267, no. 2 (July 2019): 1025–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2019.02.001.

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36

Singh, A. K., Devendraa Siingh, R. P. Singh, and Sandhya Mishra. "Electrodynamical Coupling of Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere: An Overview." International Journal of Geophysics 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/971302.

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Electrical processes occurring in the atmosphere couple the atmosphere and ionosphere, because both DC and AC effects operate at the speed of light. The electrostatic and electromagnetic field changes in global electric circuit arise from thunderstorm, lightning discharges, and optical emissions in the mesosphere. The precipitation of magnetospheric electrons affects higher latitudes. The radioactive elements emitted during the earthquakes affect electron density and conductivity in the lower atmosphere. In the present paper, we have briefly reviewed our present understanding of how these events play a key role in energy transfer from the lower atmosphere to the ionosphere, which ultimately results in the Earth's atmosphere-ionosphere coupling.

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Svestka, J., and E. Grün. "Methods, Difficulties, and First Results in Laboratory Simulation of Cosmic Dust Electric Charging." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 126 (1991): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100067130.

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AbstractParticles of radii 0.2 to 3 μm and of different materials were suspended in an electrodynamic quadrupole inside a vacuum chamber and exposed to beams of electrons and ions of energies up to 20 keV and 5 keV, respectively, with the aim to simulate electric charging of cosmic dust particles. It was found that the equilibrium surface electrostatic potential of glass particles of radii 0.2 to 2 μ charged by electrons of energies 1 to 20 keV is always positive. This can be explained by secondary electron emission at lower energies of electrons and by penetration of electrons through particles with subsequent secondary electron emission mainly from the exit side at higher energies. In case of charging by ions electrostatic potential of particles is generally much lower than expected values and interpretation of results of measurement is more complicated. The most promising way to eliminate instrumental influences disturbing processes of charging seems to be a construction of a smaller suspension system in which these influences would be negligible. Parameters of such a suspension system were derived from results of measurements.

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Singh, N. "Instabilities in a thin current sheet and their consequences." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 11, no. 2 (April 13, 2004): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-11-153-2004.

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Abstract. Using a fully 3-D particle in-cell simulation, we studied the electrodynamics of a thin current sheet (CS). Starting with a uniform plasma and anti-parallel magnetic field, Harris equilibrium is achieved during the early stage of the simulation. In the processes of reaching the equilibrium, both electrons and ions in the newly formed CS are energized and develop pitch-angle anisotropies. We find two distinct stages of primarily electrostatic instabilities; in the first stage the relative drift between electrons and ions drives the instability in the central regions of the CS. The electrostatic fluctuations scatter electrons causing current disruption in the central region. The associated reduction in the average drift velocity of the current-carrying electrons generates sheared flow. The second stage of the instability begins when the drift velocity develops a minimum in the central plane. Then the shear and the growing electrostatic fluctuations under the condition of the maintained anti-parallel driving magnetic field configuration feed each other making the instability explosive. The growing fluctuations create plasma clumps as the electrons and ions are progressively trapped in the large-amplitude waves. The density clumping also generates clumps in the current. The non-uniform current distribution causes magnetic reconnection, accompanied by heating of electrons and ion at a fast rate and nearly complete bifurcation of the current sheet. Anomalous resistivity during different stages of the evolution of the CS is calculated and compared against theory.

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HIROTANI, KOUICHI. "HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION FROM PULSAR MAGNETOSPHERES." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 17 (June 7, 2006): 1319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306020846.

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A synthesis of the present knowledge on gamma-ray emission from the magnetosphere of a rapidly rotating neutron star is presented, focusing on the electrodynamics of particle accelerators. The combined curvature, synchrotron, and inverse-Compton emission from ultra-relativistic positrons and electrons, which are created by two-photon and/or one-photon pair creation processes, or emitted from the neutron-star surface, provide us with essential information on the properties of the accelerator — electric potential drop along the magnetic field lines. A new accelerator model, which is a mixture of traditional inner gap and outer gap models, is also proposed, by solving the Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential together with the Boltzmann equations for particles and gamma-rays in the two-dimensional configuration and two-dimensional momentum spaces.

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Rimai, Donald S., David S. Weiss, M. Cristina de Jesus, and David J. Quesnel. "Electrophotography as a means of microfabrication: the role of electrodynamic and electrostatic forces." Comptes Rendus Chimie 9, no. 1 (January 2006): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.10.030.

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Nan, Fan, Fei Han, Norbert F. Scherer, and Zijie Yan. "Dissipative Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Nanoparticle Chains with Combined Electrodynamic and Electrostatic Interactions." Advanced Materials 30, no. 45 (September 21, 2018): 1803238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803238.

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Lierke, E. G., and L. Holitzner. "Perspectives of an acoustic–electrostatic/electrodynamic hybrid levitator for small fluid and solid samples." Measurement Science and Technology 19, no. 11 (October 6, 2008): 115803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/19/11/115803.

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Kurilenkov, Yurii, Vladimir Tarakanov, Alexander Oginov, Sergei Gus’kov, and Igor Samoylov. "On the plasma quasineutrality under oscillatory confinement based on a nanosecond vacuum discharge." Applied Physics, no. 6 (December 24, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51368/1996-0948-2021-6-14-23.

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One of the main problems for inertial electrostatic confinement devices with electron injection is the space charge neutralization. This work is devoted to the analysis of the problem of plasma quasineutrality in the scheme of plasma oscillatory confinement based on nanosecond vacuum discharge (NVD). Electrodynamics modeling of the processes of aneutronic fusion of proton–boron showed that the plasma in the NVD, and especially on the discharge axis, really corresponds to a quasineutral regime, which is rather different from the well-known scheme of periodically oscillating plasma spheres (POPS). In this case, small oscillations in the NVD are a mechanism of resonant ion heating, unlike coherent compressions in the original POPS model. The scaling of the fusion power turns out to be close to the fusion scheme with POPS, but differs significantly in the values of the parameter of quasineutrality and the compression ratio.

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Sonnenfeld, Richard G., and William W. Hager. "Electric Field Reversal in Sprite Electric Field Signature." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00220.1.

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Abstract In measurements of the electric field associated with the current of a sprite 450 km from ground-based field sensors, it was observed that the sign of the electric field was positive when positive charge was lowered from the ionosphere. A recent model for the electric field associated with the sprite current also predicts positive field changes at 450 km from the sprite. A well-known analysis of a vertical dipole in a thundercloud shows that the electric field on the ground reverses its sign at an easily computed distance from the dipole. A similar simplified electrostatic analysis of a sprite predicts a field reversal distance around 130 km. A more accurate electrodynamic analysis based on Maxwell’s equations indicates that the field reversal distance should be between 70 and 80 km.

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Singh, N., C. Deverapalli, and G. Khazanov. "Electrodynamics in a very thin current sheet leading to magnetic reconnection." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2006): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-13-509-2006.

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Abstract. We study the formation of a very thin current sheet (CS) and associated plasma electrodynamics using three-dimensional (3-D) particle-in-cell simulations with ion to electron mass ratio M/m=1836. The CS is driven by imposed anti-parallel magnetic fields. The noteworthy features of the temporal evolution of the CS are the following: (i) Steepening of the magnetic field profile Bx(z) in the central part of the CS, (ii) Generation of three-peak current distribution with the largest peak in the CS center as Bx(z) steepens, (iii) Generation of converging electric fields forming a potential well in the CS center in which ions are accelerated. (iv) Electron and ion heating in the central part of the CS by current-driven instabilities (CDI). (v) Re-broadening of the CS due to increased kinetic plasma pressure in the CS center. (vi) Generation of electron temperature anisotropy with temperature perpendicular to the magnetic field being larger than the parallel one. (vii) Current disruption by electron trapping in an explosively growing electrostatic instability (EGEI) and electron tearing instability (ETI). (viii)The onset of EGEI coincides with an increase in the electron temperature above the temperature of the initially hot ions as well as the appearance of new shear in the electron drift velocity. (ix) Bifurcation of the central CS by the current disruption. (x) Magnetic reconnection (MR) beginning near the null in Bx and spreading outward. (xi) Generation of highly energized electrons reaching relativistic speeds and having isotropic pitch-angle distribution in the region of reconnected magnetic fields. We compare some of these features of the current sheet with results from laboratory and space experiments.

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Wang, Junbo, and Yahya Rahmat-Samii. "STEP-LIKE STRUCTURES IN ELECTROSTATIC AND ELECTRODYNAMIC IMPLEMENTATION OF METHOD OF MOMENTS: SOME UNIQUE OBSERVATIONS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 85 (2019): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb19050409.

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Pinchuk, Anatoliy O., Alexander M. Kalsin, Bartlomiej Kowalczyk, George C. Schatz, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. "Modeling of Electrodynamic Interactions between Metal Nanoparticles Aggregated by Electrostatic Interactions into Closely-Packed Clusters." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 32 (July 20, 2007): 11816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp073403v.

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Vanhamäki, H. "Inductive ionospheric solver for magnetospheric MHD simulations." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-97-2011.

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Abstract. We present a new scheme for solving the ionospheric boundary conditions required in magnetospheric MHD simulations. In contrast to the electrostatic ionospheric solvers currently in use, the new solver takes ionospheric induction into account by solving Faraday's law simultaneously with Ohm's law and current continuity. From the viewpoint of an MHD simulation, the new inductive solver is similar to the electrostatic solvers, as the same input data is used (field-aligned current [FAC] and ionospheric conductances) and similar output is produced (ionospheric electric field). The inductive solver is tested using realistic, databased models of an omega-band and westward traveling surge. Although the tests were performed with local models and MHD simulations require a global ionospheric solution, we may nevertheless conclude that the new solution scheme is feasible also in practice. In the test cases the difference between static and electrodynamic solutions is up to ~10 V km−1 in certain locations, or up to 20-40% of the total electric field. This is in agreement with previous estimates. It should also be noted that if FAC is replaced by the ground magnetic field (or ionospheric equivalent current) in the input data set, exactly the same formalism can be used to construct an inductive version of the KRM method originally developed by Kamide et al. (1981).

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Matte, Oliver. "Continuity properties of the semi-group and its integral kernel in non-relativistic QED." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 28, no. 05 (June 2016): 1650011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x16500112.

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Employing recent results on stochastic differential equations associated with the standard model of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics by B. Güneysu, J. S. Møller, and the present author, we study the continuity of the corresponding semi-group between weighted vector-valued [Formula: see text]-spaces, continuity properties of elements in the range of the semi-group, and the pointwise continuity of an operator-valued semi-group kernel. We further discuss the continuous dependence of the semi-group and its integral kernel on model parameters. All these results are obtained for Kato decomposable electrostatic potentials and the actual assumptions on the model are general enough to cover the Nelson model as well. As a corollary, we obtain some new pointwise exponential decay and continuity results on elements of low-energetic spectral subspaces of atoms or molecules that also take spin into account. In a simpler situation where spin is neglected, we explain how to verify the joint continuity of positive ground state eigenvectors with respect to spatial coordinates and model parameters. There are no smallness assumptions imposed on any model parameter.

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Wang, Haoran, Yifei Ma, Qincheng Zheng, Ke Cao, Yao Lu, and Huikai Xie. "Review of Recent Development of MEMS Speakers." Micromachines 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12101257.

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Facilitated by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, MEMS speakers or microspeakers have been rapidly developed during the past decade to meet the requirements of the flourishing audio market. With advantages of a small footprint, low cost, and easy assembly, MEMS speakers are drawing extensive attention for potential applications in hearing instruments, portable electronics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). MEMS speakers based on different transduction mechanisms, including piezoelectric, electrodynamic, electrostatic, and thermoacoustic actuation, have been developed and significant progresses have been made in commercialization in the last few years. In this article, the principle and modeling of each MEMS speaker type is briefly introduced first. Then, the development of MEMS speakers is reviewed with key specifications of state-of-the-art MEMS speakers summarized. The advantages and challenges of all four types of MEMS speakers are compared and discussed. New approaches to improve sound pressure levels (SPLs) of MEMS speakers are also proposed. Finally, the remaining challenges and outlook of MEMS speakers are given.

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