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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrostatic sensors

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electrostatic sensors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrostatic sensors"

1

Heydarianasl, Mozhde. "Optimization of electrostatic sensor based on sensor separation." Sensor Review 39, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2018-0158.

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Purpose Electrostatic sensors are applied to measure velocity of solid particles in many industries because controlling the velocity particles improves product quality and process efficiency. The purpose of current paper is optimization of these sensors which is required to achieve maximum spatial sensitivity and minimum statistical error. Design/methodology/approach Different electrode of electrostatic sensors with different length, thickness and sensor separations were experimentally applied in laboratory. Then, correlation velocity, signal bandwidth and statistical error were calculated. Findings High sensor separation is a crucial factor because it would lead to increase signal similarity and decrease statistical error. This paper focuses on the effect of sensor separation on optimization of electrostatic sensors. Originality/value From observations, the optimal value for length, thickness and sensor separations was 0.6, 0.5 and 15 cm, respectively. Consequently, statistical error has improved by about 17 per cent. These results provided a significant basis of optimization of electrostatic sensors.

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Bamba, Noriko, N. Endo, T. Takagi, and Tatsuo Fukami. "Pressure Sensing Using Electrostatic Capacitance." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.865.

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Piezoelectric ceramic pressure sensors have been attracted great interest due to their simple and miniature structure compared with conventional sensors such as strain gauge sensor. A new type of static pressure sensor by using a change of permittivity upon applied mechanical pressure has been studied in this work. BaTiO3 ceramics with/without a small amount of Mn were used as sensing materials and the effect of poling treatment on their sensor performance was investigated. An anti-ferroelectric material, NaNbO3, was also examined. All materials could detect the change of pressure through the frequency shift of CR oscillator. Change of permittivity of non-doped BaTiO3 and Mn doped BaTiO3 without poling treatment were larger than that of PZT used as a reference, that is, BaTiO3 ceramics had higher-pressure sensitivity. BaTiO3 and relative materials, however, needed transit time to reach the steady state, while NaNbO3 was independent to the time. Conclusively, it seems that BaTiO3 and relative materials without poling treatment and the anti-ferroelectric material, NaNbO3, become possible candidates as a pressure sensor using permittivity change.

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Ruochen, L. I. U., B. E. I. Shaoyi, G. U. Meng, W. A. N. G. Han, and S. U. N. Jianzhong. "Research on Characteristics of Electrostatic Wear-Site and Oil-Line Sensor with Theoretical and Comprehensive Analysis." Journal of Sensors 2022 (February 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9188776.

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As a unique monitoring technique, electrostatic monitoring has been proved to be effective on prognostics and health management of tribological system by using electrostatic sensors. Wear-site sensor (WSS) with a flat circle probe and oil-line sensor (OLS) with a ring probe are two typical sensor types for electrostatic monitoring. However, this developing technique has not been applied in actual industry manufacture so far due to the united characteristics on electrostatic sensors. This paper first presents the mathematical models of both WSS and OLS for theoretical simulation. Then a series of contrast analysis on sensor characteristics between WSS and OLS with varied sensor structure parameters are presented. The results show that the distributions of spatial sensitivity for WSS or OLS itself only are similar, while they are quite different between WSS and OLS. Both WSS and OLS are symmetrical and their distributions can be simplified in one phase for further investigations. The theoretical efficiency curves have close relationship between WSS and OLS. The investigations of sensor performances on characteristics and a presented unified three level system have offered a better electrostatic sensor application in future.

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Tang, Xin, Zheng Hu, Zhong Sheng Chen, and Yong Ming Yang. "Investigation into Spatial Sensitivity of Probe-Type Electrostatic Sensors for On-Line Condition Monitoring of Heat Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.817.

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Probe-type electrostatic sensors provide a novel and applicable way to realize on-line condition monitoring of heat engines. However, researches on this type of electrostatic sensors are still scanty, especially needs more detailed studies for the sensors sensing characteristics. In this paper, a simulative 3-D model with high fidelity was established using COMSOL, by which a detailed research on probe-type electrostatic sensors spatial sensitivity was conducted, the whole spatial sensitivity distribution on the centre section and conclusions about the influencing factors of spatial sensitivity were acquired. The simulative results were confirmed by experiments, and can be used for optimal design of probe-type electrostatic sensors.

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Office, Editorial. "Kompensasie vir die invloed van die elektriese veldsterkte op die bepaling van die bewegingshoek van ’n vliegtuig." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 17, no. 3 (July 12, 1998): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v17i3.701.

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During flight large voltage differences can develop between isolated sensors on the wingtips of an aircraft. This is as a result of charge differences in the atmosphere under the influence of the earth's electrostatic field. These charge differences can be utilised for aircraft attitude measurements. An electrostatic sensor has been developed to measure these charge differences.

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Yan, Yong, Yonghui Hu, Lijuan Wang, Xiangchen Qian, Wenbiao Zhang, Kamel Reda, Jiali Wu, and Ge Zheng. "Electrostatic sensors – Their principles and applications." Measurement 169 (February 2021): 108506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108506.

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Tan, Xiangyu, Hao Sun, Chunguang Suo, Ke Wang, and Wenbin Zhang. "Research of electrostatic field measurement sensors." Ferroelectrics 549, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2019.1592558.

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Peng, Jun, Shuhai Jia, Jiaming Bian, Shuo Zhang, Jianben Liu, and Xing Zhou. "Recent Progress on Electromagnetic Field Measurement Based on Optical Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132860.

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Electromagnetic field sensors are widely used in various areas. In recent years, great progress has been made in the optical sensing technique for electromagnetic field measurement, and varieties of corresponding sensors have been proposed. Types of magnetic field optical sensors were presented, including probes-based Faraday effect, magnetostrictive materials, and magnetic fluid. The sensing system-based Faraday effect is complex, and the sensors are mostly used in intensive magnetic field measurement. Magnetic field optical sensors based on magnetic fluid have high sensitivity compared to that based on magnetostrictive materials. Three types of electric field optical sensors are presented, including the sensor probes based on electric-optic crystal, piezoelectric materials, and electrostatic attraction. The majority of sensors are developed using the sensing scheme of combining the LiNbO3 crystal and optical fiber interferometer due to the good electro-optic properties of the crystal. The piezoelectric materials-based electric field sensors have simple structure and easy fabrication, but it is not suitable for weak electric field measurement. The sensing principle based on electrostatic attraction is less commonly-used sensing methods. This review aims at presenting the advances in optical sensing technology for electromagnetic field measurement, analyzing the principles of different types of sensors and discussing each advantage and disadvantage, as well as the future outlook on the performance improvement of sensors.

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Aranguren, D., J. López, E. Pérez, J. Herrera, L. Aragón, and H. Torres. "Operational analysis of electric field mills as lightning warning systems in Colombia." Ingeniería e Investigación 31, no. 2SUP (June 1, 2011): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v31n2sup.25211.

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Electrostatic field measurements taken in Bogotá, Colombia, during thunderstorms in November (the rainy season due to inter-tropical confluence zone over central Colombia) were used to study the performance of an isolated electric field sensor and analyse its most important operational characteristics. The distances from each flash to the studied sensor were obtained by using the Colombian lightning location system. The ΔE cf distance ratio led to defining a charge model which could be used as a reference for calibrating other electrostatic field sensors to be used as lightning warning systems.

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Krakover, Naftaly, B. Robert Ilic, and Slava Krylov. "Micromechanical resonant cantilever sensors actuated by fringing electrostatic fields." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 5 (March 17, 2022): 054001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac5a61.

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Abstract We report on the architecture and operational principle of a resonant cantilever-type displacement sensor. The device is actuated electrostatically by a side electrode that is coplanar with the cantilever and by a gap-closing electrode positioned underneath the beam. The unique electrode geometry combined with the appropriate actuating voltages allows positioning of the cantilever in close proximity to the bistability threshold, where the frequency sensitivity to the electrode displacement is enhanced. Using a reduced order model backed by numerical simulations, the dependencies of the device frequency on the beam’s deflections and the actuation voltages were mapped. We show wide-range tunability that spans a range between softening and hardening behavior. We demonstrate displacement sensing using fabricated single crystal silicon ≈2000 µm long, ≈5 µm thick cantilevers. When compared to a resonant cantilever sensor actuated solely by a gap-closing electrode, measurements from our fringing field actuated devices show a four times higher sensitivity of ≈98 Hz µm−1. The suggested approach may find applications in a broad range of micro and potentially nano-scale applications including resonant inertial, force, mass and bio-sensors.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrostatic sensors"

1

Krabicka, Jan. "Flow measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids using intrusive electrostatic sensors." Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516206.

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Lloyd, Justin Michael. "Electrical Properties of Macro-Fiber Composite Actuators and Sensors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10013.

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Piezoceramic fiber composite (PFC) actuators and sensors offer many advantages over conventional monolithic piezoceramic devices. Conformable, durable and, when equipped with interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), more responsive than regular monolithic devices, PFCs promise to revolutionize the application of piezoelectric materials. Developed by the NASA-Langley Research Center, the Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator and sensor is the most sophisticated PFC device yet invented. With superior qualities among PFCs in performance, behavior repeatability and manufacturability, the MFC has spawned great interest in the commercial and academic community as a tool in multitudinous engineering applications. While the MFC's characteristics render it a singularly useful device, limited characterization and modeling research on the MFC exists. Empirically designed and assembled, the MFC is poorly understood, especially in terms of its underlying operating principles, its dependence on design parameters and its electrical properties. The majority of published MFC studies focus on experimental quantification of MFC mechanical and actuation properties, and the research that attempts to model the MFC relies totally on finite element analysis. Published works widely assume that analytical models of the MFC are totally impossible. Rectifying gaps in the current body of MFC research, this study presents the first accurate analytical model of the static electrical field properties of the MFC. Implementing the techniques of conformal mapping, a branch of complex analysis, the following chapters derive a closed-form, exact analytical solution describing the electrical potential field and electrical field of the MFC's dual-IDE structure. Based on the conformal mapping solution for the MFC's electrical field, the electrical field of the commercially available MFC is examined and analyzed, introducing an intuitive knowledge of the MFC's operation. Demonstrating the utility of this solution in modeling the MFC, this work also predicts the capacitance and induced strain properties of a continuum of potential MFC designs and offers final suggestions on improving the current commercial MFC design. After establishing the theoretical underpinnings of the analytical MFC model, this report derives the conformal mapping solutions for the MFC, discusses the computational application of the resulting equations and then presents the results of numerical analyses executed using the new analytical model.
Master of Science

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Wilson, Lester W. "Piezoelectric sensors incorporating electrostatic focusing and automated cleaning for personal aerosol monitoring." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308328.

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Mendonça, Lucas Gonçalves Dias. "Desenvolvimento de um micro-transdutor acústico capacitivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-17102014-113303/.

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Neste trabalho é proposto um dispositivo MEMS do tipo micro-transdutor acústico capacitivo, CMUT (sigla em inglês - Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer). Em vez de usar piezoeletricidade, o CMUT tem um array de capacitores, onde cada capacitor possui um eletrodo inferior fixo, uma cavidade e o eletrodo superior composto de uma placa flexível. Quando submetida a uma tensão CC adequada, a placa se deflete se aproximando do eletrodo inferior devido à força eletrostática. Assim a placa fica tensionada podendo vibrar quando excitada por uma tensão CA. Neste caso o CMUT opera como emissor de ondas acústicas. A placa também pode ser excitada por uma onda acústica agindo em sua superfície. Neste caso o dispositivo opera como sensor. Uma das contribuições desse trabalho é o processo de fabricação simplificado com o uso do fotorresiste SU-8 como parte da estrutura do dispositivo. Sua facilidade de processamento e suas propriedades físicas lhe conferem estabilidade e rigidez adequadas para tal fim. Foram realizadas modelagens e simulações analíticas e computacionais do comportamento da placa. Os resultados auxiliaram no melhor entendimento do comportamento do dispositivo sob tensão mecânica devido a uma carga ou uma tensão de polarização. Esses resultados também auxiliaram na definição de parâmetros iniciais do processo de fabricação. Durante o processo de fabricação, foram realizados diversos testes a fim de se encontrar o processo mais adequado à infraestrutura disponível. No processo escolhido, a base do dispositivo é fabricada num substrato de vidro com eletrodos inferiores de alumínio depositados por evaporação. Os pilares são fabricados em SU-8, depositado por spin coatting. A placa é colada posteriormente utilizando-se fotorresiste AZ. O AZ é depositado sobre um pedaço de folha de cobre ou alumínio. As duas partes são colocadas em contato e para promover a colagem é aplicada pressão durante a cura. As amostras foram caracterizadas eletricamente utilizando-se um medidor de impedância RCL. Foram levantadas curvas de impedância, capacitância e ângulo de fase em função da frequência (1 kHz a 1 MHz). Além do sinal CA utilizado pelo instrumento durante a medição foi aplicado um nível CC que variou conforme as dimensões dos protótipos. Também foram levantadas curvas de impedância, capacitância e angulo de fase em função de uma carga mecânica aplicada. Para valores de polarização mais elevados, foram montados circuitos específicos. Estes circuitos são capazes de polarizar o CMUT, aplicar um sinal CA para medição e proteger demais componentes e instrumentos dos aparatos de medição. O dispositivo respondeu bem a aplicação de carga mecânica, excitação por sinal CA e excitação com onda mecânica. Os resultados mostraram que o dispositivo apresenta bom potencial para ser aplicado na análise de fluidos.
This work presents a new process to fabricate an acoustic micro transducer to be used as a microsensor or a microactuator. The acoustic transducers are based on the electrostatic effect and consist on arrays of microfabricated capacitors. Such devices are commonly referred as CMUT, Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer. The bottom electrode (evaporated aluminum) of each capacitor is fixed on the surface of glass substrate, while the top electrode is a thin plate structure of copper or aluminum suspended on a cavity surrounded by posts. Since the top electrode is flexible, it bends toward the bottom electrode when a DC bias is applied. In this way, the top electrode can be forced to vibrate using an AC signal to be used as an acoustic wave emitter. Conversely, an ultrasound receiver is achieved as the measured capacitance changes when the DC biased top electrode moves following an external acoustic wave pressure. An innovation of this work is the use of the photoresist SU-8 to fabricate the post structures surrounding the cavities of the capacitive micro transducers. Its relatively simple processing steps and adequate mechanical properties make the SU-8 a convenient choice as an inexpensive structural material. The bottom part of the device is prepared on a glass substrate using an aluminum layer evaporated and etched to form the bottom electrodes. Then, SU-8 is spin coated, baked and etched adequately to form the posts surrounding the cavities. The top part is prepared by simply spinning an AZ-type photoresist on aluminum or copper plate. Finally, both halves are bonded under pressure on a hot plate. Several modeling and simulation analyses were performed in order to estimate the working performance of the micro transducers. The results of simulations helped to define the initial parameters and materials for the fabrication process. Samples submitted to a DC bias were initially characterized using an RCL meter in order to infer impedance, capacitance and phase angle behavior as a function of frequency (from 1 kHz to 1 MHz). Protection circuits were used in order to test CMUTs with high DC bias. These circuits allow to apply high DC bias, and an AC signal while other measuring equipments are protected. The device responded to application of mechanical loading, excitation by an AC signal and excitation by mechanical wave as well. The results showed that the device has good potential to be applied to the analysis of fluids.

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Liu, Wei. "Wearable lip-based electrostatic display feasibility study, modeling and system design /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5971.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 6, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Panzardi, Enza. "Measurement systems for industrial plants condition monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1072401.

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Negli ultimi decenni, il mercato mondiale dell’energia ha dovuto far fronte ad una richiesta di produzione sempre crescente e ad un costante mutamento del settore industriale, sempre più attento all’impatto ambientale e all’innovazione tecnologica. Oltre agli impianti per la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili, quelli a ciclo combinato o a cogenerazione basati su turbine a gas sono i più diffusi, in quanto garantiscono maggiore rendimento e minori emissioni, a parità di energia prodotta rispetto agli altri impianti a combustione disponibili nel settore. Inoltre, offrono una maggiore flessibilità operativa consentendo una migliore modulabilità del carico. In questo contesto, una sempre maggiore spinta innovativa ha coinvolto gli operatori del settore nel mettere a punto nuove tecnologie di controllo e monitoraggio degli impianti per garantire una maggiore affidabilità e rimanere competitivi a lungo termine. A tale scopo, sono diverse le tecniche che possono essere implementate per raccogliere informazioni sulle condizioni operative delle macchine, consentendo quindi un rilevamento e una manutenzione precoce dei guasti che posso avere un forte impatto sulla produttività e sulla riduzione complessiva dei costi. Il mio lavoro di tesi si inserisce in questo contesto applicativo. L’obiettivo finale è stato quello di sviluppare delle tecniche di monitoraggio innovative e a basso costo basate sul principio di induzione elettrostatica per il rilevamento di detriti solidi, generati da guasti o malfunzionamenti, nel percorso dei gas di scarico di una turbomacchina. In questo lavoro vengono presentati diversi sistemi innovativi di monitoraggio basati sull’utilizzo di sensori elettrostatici e amplificatori di carica, con prestazioni migliorate che possono essere impiegati anche in altre applicazioni che coinvolgono processi di combustione o in impianti industriali che impiegano tubazioni per il trasporto pneumatico. Il sistema di rilevamento consiste in uno o più sensori elettrostatici montati all’interno del condotto di scarico della turbomacchina i quali rilevano le particelle con carica elettrostatica presenti nel flusso di gas. L’amplificatore di carica ha il compito di convertire il segnale di carica in un segnale di tensione adatto ad essere acquisito e processato da un sistema appositamente implementato. La tecnica di misura implementata sfrutta le informazioni fornite dal modello fisico usato per descrivere il problema di misura e le caratteristiche geometriche del set-up scelto per i sensori per ricostruire la traiettoria, il livello di carica, la posizione e la velocità della particella carica rilevata. Il sistema di misura realizzato è stato caratterizzato in un ampio intervallo di condizioni operative e studiato sia dal punto di vista teorico che sperimentale. In particolare, è stato sviluppato un sistema di misura basato su array circolari di tre sensori elettrostatici per il quale si riesce ad ottenere un errore relativo inferiore all’1% sulla stima dei parametri necessari alla ricostruzione della traiettoria, della velocità e della carica della particella in movimento rilevata. Inoltre, dalla caratterizzazione teorica dell’accuratezza di misura del sistema emerge come quest’ultima sia indipendente dalla direzione assunta dalla particella in movimento rispetto alla disposizione dei sensori, garantendo un’accuratezza isotropica planare. Inoltre, rimanendo nello stesso ambito applicativo, una parte di questo lavoro ha riguardato lo studio e la realizzazione di una sonda capacitiva triassiale. La particolarità del dispositivo proposto è quella di essere realizzato per essere depositato direttamente sul componente dell’impianto da monitorare e per questo definita: "on-component. Un prototipo del sensore è stato realizzato con tecnologia serigrafica e il suo comportamento caratterizzato in frequenza, dimostrando caratteristiche comparabili alle comuni sonde triassiali ("bulk").

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Ciotirca, Lavinia-Elena. "System design of a low-power three-axis underdamped MEMS accelerometer with simultaneous electrostatic damping control." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17939/7/CIOTIRCA_L.pdf.

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Recently, consumer electronics industry has known a spectacular growth that would have not been possible without pushing the integration barrier further and further. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensors (e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes) provide high performance, low power, low die cost solutions and are, nowadays, embedded in most consumer applications. In addition, the sensors fusion has become a new trend and combo sensors are gaining growing popularity since the co-integration of a three-axis MEMS accelerometer and a three-axis MEMS gyroscope provides complete navigation information. The resulting device is an Inertial measurement unit (IMU) able to sense multiple Degrees of Freedom (DoF). Nevertheless, the performances of the accelerometers and the gyroscopes are conditioned by the MEMS cavity pressure: the accelerometer is usually a damped system functioning under an atmospheric pressure while the gyroscope is a highly resonant system. Thus, to conceive a combo sensor, aunique low cavity pressure is required. The integration of both transducers within the same low pressure cavity necessitates a method to control and reduce the ringing phenomena by increasing the damping factor of the MEMS accelerometer. Consequently, the aim of the thesis is the design of an analog front-end interface able to sense and control an underdamped three-axis MEMSaccelerometer. This work proposes a novel closed-loop accelerometer interface achieving low power consumption The design challenge consists in finding a trade-off between the sampling frequency, the settling time and the circuit complexity since the sensor excitation plates are multiplexed between the measurement and the damping phases. In this context, a patenteddamping sequence (simultaneous damping) has been conceived to improve the damping efficiency over the state of the art approach performances (successive damping). To investigate the feasibility of the novel electrostatic damping control architecture, several mathematical models have been developed and the settling time method is used to assess the damping efficiency. Moreover, a new method that uses the multirate signal processing theory and allows the system stability study has been developed. This very method is used to conclude on the loop stability for a certain sampling frequency and loop gain value. Next, a 0.18μm CMOS implementation of the entire accelerometer signal chain is designed and validated.

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Degefa, Tesfaye Hailu. ""Ion channel (mimetic) sensors" mechanism of charge propagation through thiol-, protein- and dendrimer-modified electrodes /." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980218624.

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Zhao, Xin. "Study of Multimode Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor on Biosensing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34534.

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The electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) method presents an effective application in the field of biosensing due to the uniform nanoscale structure. In previous research, a single mode fiber (SMF) sensor system had been investigated for the thin-film measurement due to the high fringe visibility. However, compared with a SMF sensor system, a multimode fiber (MMF) sensor system is lower-cost and has larger sensing area (the fiber core), providing the potential for higher sensing efficiency.

In this thesis, a multimode fiber-optic sensor has been developed based on extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometry (EFPI) for the measurement of optical thickness in self-assembled thin film layers as well as for the immunosensing test. The sensor was fabricated by connecting a multimode fiber (MMF) and a silica wafer. A Fabry-Perot cavity was formed by the reflections from the two interfaces of the wafer. The negatively charged silica wafer could be used as the substrate for the thin film immobilization scheme. The sensor is incorporated into the white-light interferometric system. By monitoring the optical cavity length increment, the self-assembled thin film thickness was measured; the immunoreaction between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-IgG was investigated.
Master of Science

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Leonard-Pugh, Eurion. "Acoustic anemometry on the surface of Mars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5179c757-3ec9-44a1-97ca-41b46b6d4873.

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There is a need for wind sensors with high accuracy and measurement frequency for deployment on the surface of Mars. The wind data obtained to date have been adversely affected by thermal contamination and calibration issues. Improved data would not only help to constrain and validate theoretical models, but also increase safety and longevity of lander operations. The mechanical and thermal wind sensing techniques used on previous missions, whilst sufficient for basic meteorology, are wholly inadequate for measuring fundamental phenomena such as dust and volatile transport. Two promising technologies, optical and acoustic anemometry, could permit precise and high-frequency measurement of three-dimensional wind speeds on the Martian surface. Ultrasonic acoustic anemometry, which relies on time-of-flight measurements, was ultimately chosen for its lower processing requirements and ability to measure the speed of sound; and therefore temperature. Capacitive transducers were selected for their low impedance and high sensitivity, to maximise signal transmission through the rarefied Martian atmosphere. These transducers, which consist of a metallised polymer film oscillating on top of a contoured metal backplane, were evaluated for their suitability as anemometers on the Martian surface. A theoretical framework was assembled to model transducer performance and determine which factors are the most important in determining received signal amplitude. A pair of transducers were designed and manufactured to allow for testing of a wide range of parameters including thickness of the oscillating membrane and diameter. Tests were carried out on the assembled transducers to investigate the dependence on these parameters, and their behaviour was generally found to fit the assembled theoretical framework well. Transducer performance was highly dependent on roughness depth of the backplanes, as expected. The frequency response of the transducers was dominated by the backplane roughness at atmospheric pressure but by film thickness at low pressures. Cross-correlation of the sent and received signals was confirmed as the most reliable signal detection method at low signal amplitudes. The transducers were tested under simulated Martian conditions (a low-pressure carbon dioxide atmosphere with airborne dust), and found to be capable of accurately and reliably measuring the incident wind speed. The cumulative deposition of airborne dust noticeably reduced received signal amplitude, but further testing is required to determine the effect of significant amounts of dust on transducer performance. The impact of the transducer heads impeding the incident fluid flow was found to be very significant in wind tunnel testing. Preliminary computational models were found to accurately predict these effects, but a more comprehensive modelling campaign and experimental validation would be required to ensure accurate instrument calibration.

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Books on the topic "Electrostatic sensors"

1

A wide bandwidth electrostatic field sensor for lightning research. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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2

Dowling, Peter Damian. Optimisation of electrically augmented liquid phase separation: Divergent electrostatic fields are used to coalesce vertically flowing water-in-oil type dispersions. Equipment for assessing on-line entrainment sensors is used to evaluate a microwave device. Bradford, 1986.

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3

Palierakis, Yiorgos. Non-intrusive flow measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids: Physical modelling and application of spatial windowing to improve microwave and electrostatic sensors for conveyed solids velocity measurement systems based on transit time correlation and the Doppler effect. Bradford, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrostatic sensors"

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Kaltenbacher, Manfred. "Coupled Electrostatic-Mechanical Systems." In Numerical Simulation of Mechatronic Sensors and Actuators, 339–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40170-1_10.

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Kaltenbacher, Manfred. "Coupled Electrostatic-Mechanical Systems." In Numerical Simulation of Mechatronic Sensors and Actuators, 133–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05358-4_6.

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Roundy, Shad, Paul Kenneth Wright, and Jan M. Rabaey. "Electrostatic Converter Design." In Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks, 115–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0485-6_6.

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Roundy, Shad, Paul Kenneth Wright, and Jan M. Rabaey. "Fabrication of Electrostatic Converters." In Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks, 143–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0485-6_7.

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Roundy, Shad, Paul Kenneth Wright, and Jan M. Rabaey. "Electrostatic Converter Test Results." In Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks, 149–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0485-6_8.

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Feng, Yue, Wenlong Wang, Zilong Zhou, and Yanhui Han. "Spatially Sensitive Electrostatic Sensor for Human Detection." In Proceedings of 2022 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (ICAUS 2022), 1525–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_140.

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Mandelis, A., and C. Christofides. "Photothermal Electrostatics of the Pd-PVDF Photopyroelectric Hydrogen Gas Sensor." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena III, 6–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47269-8_2.

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Bakush, M. M., D. F. L. Jenkins, M. J. Cunningham, C. Ferrari, and G. P. Schiona. "A Linearised Electrostatic Actuator." In Sensors and Actuators, 108–14. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003076964-12.

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Bao, Min-Hang. "Electrostatic driving and capacitive sensing." In Micro Mechanical Transducers - Pressure Sensors, Accelerometers and Gyroscopes, 139–98. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-2766(00)80018-3.

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Cao, Huiliang, and Jianhua Li. "Dual-Mass MEMS Gyroscope Structure, Design, and Electrostatic Compensation." In MEMS Sensors - Design and Application. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74364.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrostatic sensors"

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Shmulevich, Shai, Inbar Hotzen, and David Elata. "A perfect electrostatic anti-spring." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688467.

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Friedman, Jonathan, Dustin Torres, Mani B. Srivastava, and Young H. Cho. "Submerged Biomimetic Electrostatic Imaging in salt water." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690967.

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Tabib-Azar, Massood, Khawla Alzoubi, and Daniel Saab. "Novel MEMS 900 MHz electrostatic silicon delay line." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690425.

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Griffin, R. H., A. Kochermin, N. G. Tarr, H. McIntosh, H. Ding, J. Weber, and R. Falcomer. "Sensitive, fast-responding passive electrostatic radon monitor." In 2011 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2011.6127315.

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Merzsch, S., H. S. Wasisto, A. Waag, I. Kirsch, E. Uhde, T. Salthammer, and E. Peiner. "Low-weight electrostatic sampler for airborne nanoparticles." In 2011 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2011.6127335.

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Karpati, T., A. E. Pap, M. Adam, J. Ferencz, P. Furjes, G. Battistig, and I. Barsony. "Electrostatic force detection during anodic wafer bonding." In 2012 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2012.6411331.

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Wilcox, Melissa, David Ransom, Meron Henry, and John Platt. "Engine Distress Detection in Gas Turbines With Electrostatic Sensors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22349.

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Abstract:

Failures in gas turbines such as fretting at combustor assembly interfaces, blade rub, Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) spalling, minor amounts of domestic or foreign object damage can be detected by mechanical vibration or gas turbine performance degradation, but it is usually too late for damage control by the time the failure is significant enough to be detected with these methods. Electrostatic charge sensors present a potential method for identifying the failure modes at an earlier stage before significant damage has occurred. In a gas turbine, there are potentially two sources of electrostatic charge in the exhaust gas flow stream: ionized plasma that is a natural byproduct of high temperature combustion, and any form of debris that has originated either in the compressor, combustor, or turbine sections of the gas turbine engine as a result of vibration or fatigue. For this reason, the electrostatic charge monitor becomes a very useful device for monitoring both combustion performance problems as well as potential damage related to debris in the exhaust stream. Electrostatic sensing technology has been proven to work in detecting ingested debris and engine debris on aerospace jet engines. However, the use of the sensors in industrial applications has shown that much research is still required especially in the areas of sensor placement and failure identification. This paper discusses results from testing conducted to identify the optimal placement location for the electrostatic charge sensors in a gas turbine exhaust stream. The results are presented for various sensor locations on small (112 kW) and medium (1.185 MW) frame gas turbines to evaluate distance, velocity, radial location, and gas turbine geometry effects. These tests are completed with the gas turbine ingesting varying amounts of TBC upstream of the compressor and administering power level changes to the gas turbine. The results of this experimental program demonstrate a clear sensitivity to sensor placement along the exhaust duct of a gas turbine as well as the radial location. There are variations in the particle flow pathlines in the exhaust duct at different gas turbine operating conditions. These variations influence the sensors response. Best results are obtained when the sensors are placed at the location with the fastest and hottest exhaust gas. Multiple sensors may be required to obtain comprehensive coverage for practical event detection.

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Al-Ghamdi, Majed, Resul Saritas, Katherine Stewart, Alison Scott, Mahmoud Khater, Ayman Alneamy, Ahmad Abdel-Aziz, Hamidreza Nafissi, Eihab Abdel-Rahman, and Alexander Penlidis. "Aqueous Media Electrostatic MEMS Sensors." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808826.

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Jeong, Jinwoo, and Kukjin Chun. "Electrostatic MEMS emulsifying device with high flow rate." In 2011 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2011.6127418.

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Prokaryn, Piotr, Krzysztof Domański, Michał Marchewka, Daniel Tomaszewski, Piotr Grabiec, Onoriu Puscasu, Stéphane Monfray, and Thomas Skotnicki. "Thermal energy harvesters with piezoelectric or electrostatic transducer." In 13th International Scientific Conference on Optical Sensors and Electronic Sensors, edited by Jacek Golebiowski and Roman Gozdur. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2070512.

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