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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrophysical action'
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1
Krutilin, A. N., Yu Yu Huminski, and L. V. Kulbitskaya. "EFFICIENCY UPGRADING IN UTILIZATION OF LIQUID-GLASS MIXTURES. PART 2. ELECTROPHYSICAL METHODS OF ACTION." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (July 7, 2018): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-2-50-56.
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The methods of electrophysical influence on the structure of silicate binders and liquid-glass mixtures to improve their properties are generalized. Methods of influence such as ultrasonic, magnetic, electric and electrohydraulic are considered. Of great interest are The possibilities of combining physical and chemical methods of modification of liquid glass are lucrative ones. Application of electrophysical methods of influence allows to reduce quantity of expensive and scarce binding materials, to increase labor productivity at mixed preparation sites and at production of forms and cores shops. The electrophysical methods allow to reduce duration of preparation of silicate binding materials.
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Moldabayeva, G. Zh, Sh R. Tuzelbayeva, Zh B. Shayakhmetova, A. S. Karimova, and G. E. Suyungariev. "REDUCING THE OIL VISCOSITY OF USING ELECTROPHYSICAL ACTION." Problems of Gathering, Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 6 (January 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2021-6-70-82.
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Makara, V. A., L. P. Steblenko, Yu L. Kolchenko, S. M. Naumenko, O. A. Patran, V. M. Kravchenko, and O. S. Dranenko. "Magnetic-Field-Induced Modification of Properties of Silicon Lattice Defects." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.339.
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A possibility of magnetic-field-induced modification of structural defects in silicon crystals is studied. It is shown that magnetic field action essentially affects the structuredependent properties of Si (mechanical and electrophysical)
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Bulat, Anatoly D., Vladimir M. Filenkov, Vladimir A. Seleznev, and Igor A. Lushkin. "Agentless Water Disinfection by Electrophysical Method." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.1001.
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The problems of increasing the efficiency of water disinfection by means of nature-friendly technologies that can restore the balance between the biosphere and the technosphere disturbed by man are considered. For this purpose, it is proposed to use the aspects of thunderstorm activity as a promising technology for cleaning and disinfecting the air-water basin of the Earth. Based on the principles of similarity and analogy methods, it is proposed to implement a method of electrophysical influence on water, by means of a device for producing electromagnetic fields in the regime of vortex-wave resonance. The force action of crossed electromagnetic fields on the bacterial cell, at a certain level of field strength, will lead to its lysis. In addition, the dispersion of various inclusions, clusters and water molecules, allows the saturation of water with ions of oxygen and hydroxyl groups, and, consequently, its disinfection.
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Guliy, Olga I., Oleg V. Ignatov, Lubov N. Markina, Victor D. Bunin, and Vladimir V. Ignatov. "Action of ampicillin and kanamicin on the electrophysical characteristics ofEscherichia colicells." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 85, no. 12-13 (October 15, 2005): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067310500151169.
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Панич, А. Е., Г. С. Радченко, А. В. Скрылев, А. А. Панич, and А. Ю. Малыхин. "Твердотельный изгибно-вибрационный датчик низкочастотного магнитного поля на основе пьезоэлектрического эффекта." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 2 (2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.02.47071.180-18.
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AbstractOptimal geometrical and electrophysical parameters are calculated theoretically; the effective response of a solid-state hybrid “magnet–carbon—piezoelectric” sensor is studied experimentally. Experiments are performed under the action of an external magnetic field of low-frequency flexural resonances (from 1 to 230 Hz). Theoretical calculations have formed the basis for designing an experimental prototype of the instrument. The frequency dependence of the direct piezoelectric response to the applied small-signal varying magnetic action is constructed.
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Kudryashova, Tatiana A., Sergey V. Polyakov, and Nikita I. Tarasov. "Mathematical Modelling of Electrophysical Water Treatment." Defect and Diffusion Forum 412 (November 12, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.412.149.
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The problem of mathematical modeling the processes of water treatment from charged particles by electric field is considered. The problem is relevant due to the mass use of cleaning technologies in industry, medicine or the national economy. At the present stage, a significant improvement of purification system quality and the introduction of the technologies for the regeneration of their filtration components are required. Mathematical simulation using computer and supercomputer calculations helps to accelerate the development of new devices and cleaning technologies. On the basis of the chosen purification technology, it is important to create a numerical simulation apparatus with a controlled high accuracy of the calculations. For this purpose, we use a quasi-hydrodynamic (QHD) model of a viscous incompressible fluid flow, a system of convection-diffusion equations taking into account the action of the Lorentz force to describe the propagation of harmful impurities in aqueous medium, and an equation for the electric field potential [1, 2]. The numerical algorithm is based on the finite volume method. It is applied in the case of irregular unstructured meshes. This is important for problems of real two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) geometry. Time integration is performed according to an explicit scheme, which simplifies the procedure for parallelizing the algorithm. The proposed approach was tested on the examples of 2D and 3D geometry with various locations of the electrodes and various values of the potentials. The obtained results of the concentration of the ionic impurities show the possibility of this method to purify water from 10 to 40 percent. A design of a water purifier based on electrophysical purification technology can be developed on the base of this study.
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Bulat, Anatoly D., Vladimir M. Filenkov, Vladimir A. Obrubov, and Igor A. Lushkin. "On the Effect of Electric Fields on Cement Solutions Physico-Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.614.
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The increase in the efficiency of the use of raw materials and materials through the intensification of the hydration process of binders, savings based on developments and the introduction of progressive resource and energy saving technologies is shown. It is proposed to use the aspects of the force influence of electric fields on the interfaces of minerals for the activation of binders, taking into account the heterogeneity of cement grains, indicating the prospect of electrophysical cement technology, as a result of the action of an external electric field on the solution mixture.
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Sidorenko, Galina, Mitja Brilly, Boris Laptev, Nikolay Gorlenko, Leonid Antoshkin, Andrej Vidmar, and Andrej Kryžanowski. "The Role of Modification of the Structure of Water and Water-Containing Systems in Changing Their Biological, Therapeutic, and Other Properties Overview." Water 13, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172441.
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Based on published research on modifying the structure of water and water-containing systems, we assess external influence methods: temperature, magnetic field, light radiation, and their combination. We evaluate changes in the electrophysical, photo- and pH-metric biological, therapeutic, and other properties of water systems using non-destructive electrophysical research methods, i.e., thermometry, pH, laser interference, dynamic light scattering, microelectrophoresis, conductivity, surface tension, dielectric constant, polarimetric measurements, atomic force microscopy, and UV and EPR spectroscopy. The effects of temperature or magnetic field lead to a change in the content and size of water clusters, and physicochemical, biological, therapeutic, and other changes in the properties of water and water-containing systems. The combined effect of a magnetic field and curative mud and the impact of magnetised mineral water have a more pronounced therapeutic effect than only mineral water or curative mud. The data presented indirectly indicate structural changes in water and water-containing systems. We conclude that the primary mechanism of action of a magnetic field, light, or a combination of these factors on water and water-containing systems, including mineral water and therapeutic mud, is a change in the structure of water.
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Chuchvaga, N., E. Bogdanova, A. Strelchuk, Evgenia V. Kalinina, D. B. Shustov, M. Zamoryanskaya, and V. Shkuratov. "Electrophysical and Optical Properties of 4H-SiC Irradiated with Xe Ions." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.625.
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A comparative research of the cathodoluminescence and electrical characteristics of the samples 4H-SiC irradiated with high energy Xe ions (167 MeV) in wide range fluencies 4x109 –1x1011 cm-2 at temperatures 250C and 5000C are presented. After irradiation these samples were thermal annealed at 5000C for 30 min. Far-action effect at a depth of more than one order of magnitude of stopping distance was observed under Xe ions irradiation in 4H-SiC. An increase of the ion Xe fluencies increased the concentration of radiation-induced defects that resulted in rise of the compensation effect of conductivity in samples. Irradiation of 4H-SiC by Xe ions at 5000C was accompanied with "dynamic annealing" some low-temperature radiation-induced defects, which led to a partial recovery of the electrical characteristics of devices. The thermal annealing of irradiated samples led to additional partial annealing of radiation defects, which increases the radiation resource of devices based on 4H-SiC.
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Sachuk, Natalia V., and Margarita B. Shalimova. "Electrophysical characteristics of germanium MIS structures with rare-earth element fluorides." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 24, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2021.24.2.68-72.
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The electrical properties of MIS structures with rare-earth element fluorides on germanium substrates were studied to analyze the possibility of using these materials as gate dielectrics of devices. The structures are also studied from the point of view of assessing the degradation of their electrophysical properties under the action of electric fields of ~108 V/m, which act on the dielectric during electroforming, since the MIS structures with rare-earth element fluorides have the property of bistable switching. Studies of the I-V and C-V characteristics show that all structures have approximately the same value of the density of surface states at the rare-earth element / Ge fluoride interface. The leakage currents in the MIS structures with TmF3 and SmF3 film are less than in the MIS structures with NdF3 film of greater thickness. There is also no effect of reducing the current density when using the double film structure CeF3/DyF3. The most promising material with a low leakage current at a fairly high value of the dielectric constant in germanium MIS structures is thin-film samarium fluoride.
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Novosyolova, E. A., I. L. Skripnik, T. T. Kaverzneva, N. V. Rumyantseva, and A. Yu Tumanov. "Improvement of the method of express bioindication by yeast fungi of environmental pollution with mercury using mechanical activation and electrophysical action." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 022034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022034.
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Abstract The main results of determining the presence of mercury in components of the environment by the developed method of express bioindication by yeast fungi based on the improvement of the existing, operating design of the installation are presented in the article. It was found that mercury salts contribute to the rapid release of carbon dioxide at any concentrations presented in the article if the culture medium is stirred, and an increase in the rate of CO2 release by yeast fungi with constant water treatment with VFMS has been established. It has been established that when the culture medium is stirred with different concentrations of yeast fungi, with constant electrophysical treatment of water, mercury salts increase the rate of carbon dioxide evolution.
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Vasin, S. V., M. S. Efimov, A. M. Nizametdinov, and V. A. Sergeev. "Influence of the magnetic field on the formation and properties of polyvinyl alcohol - multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012108.
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Abstract The effect of a magnetic field on the polymerization process and the electrophysical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films with the inclusion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was studied. Using SEM micrographs, it was shown that the films obtained under the action of a magnetic field have a more homogeneous structure, while a significant number of MCNT agglomerations are present in the control samples. In the study of the conductivity at direct and alternating current, it was found that the films obtained in a magnetic field have a conductivity that significantly exceeds the conductivity of the control samples. It has been shown that the use of a magnetic field during polymerization has a noticeable effect on the properties and characteristics of nanocomposite films based on PVA and MWCNTs.
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Semenov, A. V., V. M. Puzikov, P. V. Mateichenko, and V. Romano. "Change of Electrophysical Properties of Nanocrystalline SiC Films by Laser Treatment at Applied Electric Field." ISRN Nanomaterials 2013 (July 25, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/810394.
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Studied are peculiarities of the changes in the structure and electrophysical properties of nanocrystalline silicon carbide films of 3C-SiC polytype subjected to the action of picosecond laser pulses with λ = 355 nm and a pulse power up to 1.5 W. It is established that laser processing of the films with an energy density of 3 × 10−2−30 J/cm2 leads to ablation without decomposition of SiC. During the laser processing the electrical resistance of the films rises due to diminution of the film thickness. While measuring the PL properties of nc-SiC films under the influence of the applied electric field with intensity 3 × 103 V/cm, the effect of a single triple enhancement of the luminescence maximum is revealed. Repeated PL measurements at the same area of the film under the applied electric field with the intensity ranging from 0 to 1 × 104 V/cm show that the PL emission intensity diminishes at the short-wavelength boundary of the maximum and rises at the long-wavelength boundary. Thereat the spectral position of the PL maximum remains unchanged.
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Migal, V. P., M. A. Rom, and O. N. Chugaj. "Modification of the defect structure and electrophysical properties in zinc selenide crystals under the action of an alternating electric field." Technical Physics 48, no. 10 (October 2003): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1620134.
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LAZAREVA, T. G., and E. V. VASHUK. "STRUCTURE-SENSITIVE LIQUID-FLOWING MEDIA BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL COMPOUNDS WITH CELLULOSE ESTERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 2983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001422.
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The class of structure-sensitive liquid-flowing media based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) compounds with water-soluble cellulose esters (carboxymethylcellulose, Na-CMC, methylcellulose, MC) have been investigated. PVA may be used as an excellent structure-sensitive matrix for films and gels. Introduction of active additives allows for the formation of liquids whose structures changes under the action of external fields. Introduction of additives, especially of Na-CMC and MC into PVA in the range of certain concentrations leads to the formation of the complexes of PVA with the active molecules linked by hydrogen bonds. Besides, due to the formation of macromolecular associates, a definitely ordered structure of the solution develops. Such changes in the structure of a solution result in abnormal properties, viz. rheological (characteristic flow curves), electrophysical and optical properties in the range of certain concentrations and temperatures. These fluids may be recommended for the formation of electric field-controlled anisotropic films and fibers as well as sensors and measuring elements sensitive to external fields.
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Kulikov, Petrо, Alla Bielova, and Nataliia Zhuravska. "Two-tier integral indicator system for controlling the material flow heat-power engineering objects." USEFUL online journal 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/useful-2-4-2018-0009.
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The essence and the possibility of creation and application of a compliant two-level integrated indicator control on the technology of non-reagent water preparation in the heating systems of heat energy objects of the building industry is substantiated. Proposed scientific principles concerning development of indicator control system. It is established that quantitative characterization of components of material flows of heat systems as a measure of their additive functions and response to changes in catalytic activity is determined by their subordinated indicator control mechanism. Two-level control involves: 1) the relationship between the device for receiving magnetized water (parameters) and the heating system (specific indicators and their indices); 2) the relationship between the specific indicators characterizing the state of material flows of the heating systems and the trends of changes in material flows under the conditions of the action of electromagnetic fields on them - the hydrochemical, electrophysical and thermophysical potentials. Indicator control system provides engineering-ecological aspects of non-reagent water preparation of systems of heat energy objects of the building industry.
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Bakhadirkhanov, Mukhamed Kabir, Zoir Toxir Kenzhaev, Bayrambay K. Ismaylov, Vladimir B. Odzhaev, Uladislau S. Prasalovich, and Yuri N. Yankovski. "Improving the efficiency of an industrial silicon solar cell by doping with nickel." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Physics, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-2243-2021-3-4-12.
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The possibility of adjusting the operational parameters of industrial solar cells produced by the company Suniva based on monocrystalline silicon by means of additional diffusion doping with nickel in the temperature range 700–1200 °C has been investigated. It is shown that the optimal temperature of nickel diffusion is Tdiff = 800–850 °C. In this case the value of the maximum power Pmax increases by 20–28 % in relation to the parameters of the original industrial photocell. At diffusion temperatures Tdiff > 1000 °C, a sharp decrease in Pmax occurs, which is associated with an increase in the depth of the p–n-junction due to the distillation of phosphorus atoms during high-temperature diffusion of nickel. The positive effect of diffusion alloying with nickel on the electrophysical parameters of photocells is greatest in the case when the nickel impurity clusters are in the region of the p–n-junction, i. e. with diffusion alloying to the front side of the plate. The action of electrically neutral nickel clusters is less pronounced when they are located in the region of the isotypic p–p+ transition; in case of diffusion alloying with nickel in the opposite side of the plate.
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Sidor, Vasilij, Svitlana Usatiuk, Olena Tyshchenko, and Iryna Baranovska. "Study of the effect of electromagnetic field and radiation on the intensification of brewi ng processes." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 3(58) (April 30, 2021): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.230367.
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The object of research is the enzymatic preparations Termamil and San-Super, malt and yeast. One of the most problematic places is that the action of the magnetic field and radiation can both stimulate the amylase activity of barley malt and cause its deactivation. During the study, a certain number of electrophysical factors were used, namely: laser radiation, which was carried out using a helium-neon laser, ultraviolet radiation – using a nitrogen gas laser, X-rays, a constant uniform magnetic field, ultrasound. Results have been obtained that confirm the positive effect of the magnetic field on the activation of the amyloletic activity of concentrated preparations. A study was also conducted in accordance with the effect of electromagnetic waves on the activation of enzymes in barley and wheat malt, which showed a positive effect. This is ensured by the fact that in the course of the study, thanks to experiments, the best duration of irradiation with electromagnetic waves and different types of radiation for enzyme preparations, malt and yeast was found. These methods have a number of features. This is the availability of the appropriate equipment and knowledge of the individual types of rays, magnetic fields and electromagnetic waves, and their potential effects on enzymes, as well as control of the exposure time and magnetic field load. Due to the action of electromagnetic waves and radiation, for a certain amount of time, it is possible to obtain an increased activity of enzymatic preparations. Compared to the fermentative preparations Termamil and San-Super, malt and yeast, which are not susceptible to the load of magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves and various types of radiation, the fermentative preparations Termamil and San-Super, malt and yeast, which were susceptible to the action of electromagnetic waves, as well as radiation show increased activity of action. At the same time, these preparations reduce the amount of costs and increase the yield of finished products, which will serve as a positive aspect for the economic sphere of the enterprise.
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Bykov, Artem, Anastasia Grecheneva, Oleg Kuzichkin, Dmitry Surzhik, Gleb Vasilyev, and Yerbol Yerbayev. "Mathematical Description and Laboratory Study of Electrophysical Methods of Localization of Geodeformational Changes during the Control of the Railway Roadbed." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 3164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243164.
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Currently, the load on railway tracks is increasing due to the increase in freight traffic. Accordingly, more and more serious requirements are being imposed on the reliability of the roadbed, which means that studies of methods for monitoring the integrity of the railway roadbed are relevant. The article provides a mathematical substantiation of the possibility of using seismoelectric and phasemetric methods of geoelectric control of the roadbed of railway tracks in order to identify defects and deformations at an early stage of their occurrence. The methods of laboratory modeling of the natural–technical system “railway track” are considered in order to assess the prospects of using the presented methods. The results of laboratory studies are presented, which have shown their high efficiency in registering a weak useful electrical signal caused by seismoacoustic effects against the background of high-level external industrial and natural interference. In the course of laboratory modeling, it was found that on the amplitude spectra of the output electrical signals of the investigated geological medium in the presence of an elastic harmonic action with a frequency of 70 Hz, the frequency of a harmonic electrical signal with a frequency of 40 Hz is observed. In laboratory modeling, phase images were obtained for the receiving line when simulating the process of sinking the soil base of the railway bed, confirming the presence of a transient process that causes a shift in the initial phase of the signal Δφ = 40° by ~45° (Δφ’ = 85°), which allows detection of the initial stage of failure formation.
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Anban, J. Deva, J. Sharmi Kumar, C. James, and Sayantan Pradhan. "Spectral Investigations, Molecular Interactions and Electrochemical Studies of (2R)-(-)2-(2, 6-dimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)-1-methyl Piperidinium Chloride." Current Drug Therapy 15, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666191204150832.
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Background: Local anesthetics are widely used to decrease sensitivity to pain in specific regions of the body while performing medical tasks. Many studies have probed the mechanism of action of local anesthetics but still many questions remain. (2R - (-) 2 - (2, 6-dimethylphenylaminocarbonyl) - 1 – methyl piperidinium chloride (DAMP), is an extensively used amide-type local anesthetic. Objective: This study aims at revealing the various electrophysical and chemical properties of the title compound. This study will be useful for future research by pharmacologists. Method: Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations were executed using Gaussian’09 program package and were optimized with the B3LYP /6-311+G (d, p) basis set. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out with version 3.1. Normal Coordinate Analysis (NCA) was used to systematically calculate the harmonic vibrational wavenumbers. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to understand the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug. Results: The presence of strong N-H…Cl intra molecular hydrogen bonding was evidently revealed from the FT-IR spectrum due to the shifting of NH stretching wavenumber. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions exhibits the bioactivity of the molecule by natural bond orbital analysis. The title molecule binds to the inner pore and blocks voltage - gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons. Conclusion: A detailed molecular picture of DAMP and its interactions were obtained by modeling analysis, IR, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The geometrical parameters agree well with the XRD data. NBO analysis indicates the bioactivity of the molecule. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicates the possibility of intramolecular charge transfer of the molecule. From the ligand docking studies it is concluded that the title molecule binds to the inner pore and blocks voltage - gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons.
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Kobasa, I. M., M. M. Vorobet’s, O. V. Sema, and Yu V. Kropelnytska. "New light-sensitive materials based on TiO2 and merocianin polymetine dye." Chernivtsi University Scientific Herald. Chemistry, no. 818 (2019): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/chem-2019-818-09.
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The influence of the structure of a number of merocyanine dyes (D), which differ in the length of the polyethylene chain on one vinyl group, on their spectral, electrochemical and energy characteristics is established. Cyclic voltammetry determines their oxidation and reduction potentials. The values of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the studied dyes from spectral and electrochemical data were calculated. It is shown that the obtained values of the potentials of the energy levels of the dyes differ little (the energy difference ranges from 0,22–0,53 eV). The possibility of using merocyanins as sensitizers of titanium(IV) oxide and the creation of photosensitive heterostructures has been made. In order to investigate the possibility of using the merocyanin dyes under study as TiO2 sensitizers, the energy of the «semiconductor – dye – reagents» systems was considered. For this purpose, we compared the redox characteristics of merocyanine dyes with the electrophysical parameters of titanium(IV) oxide, as well as the redox characteristics of the reaction participants. It is established that in such systems the processes of photon transfer of the electron from the dye to the semiconductor are necessary for sensitization, and the regeneration of the original form of the sensitizers by the action of the reducing agent on the cation radicals formed is thermodynamically allowed. The conclusion about the possibility of using the studied merocyanines as effective sensitizers was confirmed by the results of the study of the photocatalytic activity of D/TiO2 heterostructures in the reaction of methylene blue formaldehyde recovery under different irradiation conditions and at different dye concentrations. The explanation for the found laws is offered. Scientific approaches to the production of new photosensitive systems with an expanded range of photosensitivity and a given level of photocatalytic activity have been developed.
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Kobasa, I. M., O. V. Sema, and O. I. Panimarchyk. "Light-sensitive heterostructures based on TiO2 and squaraine dye-sensitizer." Chernivtsi University Scientific Herald. Chemistry, no. 819 (2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/chem-2019-819-03.
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On the basis of nanodispersed titanium(IV) oxide and squaraine dye-sensitizer (D), new heterostructures (HS) have been created with a given level of photocatalytic activity and an expanded range of photosensitivity. On the basis of the analysis of the results of the measurement of spectral, electrochemical and energy characteristics, it is concluded that it is possible to use the tested squaraine as an effective TiO2 sensitizer. For the first time, using the method of cyclic voltammetry, the redox potentials of squaraine dye were determined and the redox processes were checked for reversibility. It is shown that the plot of the peak current versus the square root of the velocity sweep rate is described by a linear function. It has been found that the electrochemical processes are reversible and diffusion controlled. It is established that the values of redox potentials can be used to calculate the values of standard potentials and free energy. Based on the measured oxidation and reduction potentials of polymethine, the values of the HOMO and LUMO energies were calculated and diagrams of the energy levels of squaraine relative to the electrophysical characteristics of titanium (IV) oxide were constructed. The peculiarities of the sensitizing ability of the studied squaraine dye were analyzed, the mechanism of photocatalytic action was proposed and its confirmation was obtained during the study of the methylene blue recovery reaction. The dependences of the photocatalytic activity of HS D/TiO2 on the dye concentration and irradiation conditions were revealed. It is shown that, when irradiated with heterostructures by light absorbed by the dye, at low concentrations of the latter (0.02÷0.2 mg/g), the photocatalytic activity increases, and at the content of the sensitizer 1.0÷2.0 mg/g, it decreases. When irradiated with HS by light absorbed by titanium(IV) oxide, photocatalytic activity decreases with increasing squaraine content.
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Чугай, Олег Миколайович, Олексій Олександрович Полубояров, Сергій Володимирович Олійник, Олексій Олександрович Волошин, Роман Валентинович Зайцев, and Михайло Валерійович Кіріченко. "МАКРОСКОПІЧНА НЕОДНОРІДНІСТЬ ОПТИЧНИХ, ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ І ФОТОДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ КРИСТАЛІВ ZnSe." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 6 (November 27, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.6.06.
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The subject matter of study in the article is the optical, dielectric and photodielectric properties of ZnSe crystals containing macroscopic structural inhomogeneities. The goal of this work is to study large-scale inhomogeneities in ZnSe crystals, which is important for determining the suitability of their application in technology. The tasks to be solved are: in a crystalline ZnSe ingot of cylindrical shape in the optical range at perpendicular to the light flux orientation of the sample axis to detect macroscopic inhomogeneities and establish their relationship with the features of the dielectric properties of the local regions of the ZnSe ingot; to investigate the influence of nonmonochromatic light flux on the distribution of dielectric parameters along the axis of the ZnSe ingot containing areas of macroscopic inhomogeneities. The problems were solved by the following methods: the homogeneity of the zinc selenide ingot was studied by the polarization-optical photoelasticity method; the photometry method was used to study the intensity distribution of the light scattered by the sample perpendicular to its axis; the dielectric properties of a crystalline ZnSe ingot were investigated by the capacitive method. The following results were obtained. In ZnSe crystals regions of three types were found: isotropic, weakly anisotropic, and anisotropic. Sharp changes in the intensity of scattered light are observed in the region of large-scale optical inhomogeneity, and light scattering in this region occurs anisotropically. The angular dependences of C and tgδ at an electric field frequency of 1 kHz are obtained for the region of large-scale optical anisotropy. The changes in dielectric parameters under the action of nonmonochromatic light along the sample axis are measured. Conclusions. It was found that ZnSe crystals are characterized by large-scale inhomogeneities of the investigated properties. A close relationship is noted between the optical and electrophysical properties, which is probably due to the mutual influence of two-dimensional and point defects on the formation of a defect structure during the growth and further cooling of the crystal.
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Pshchelko, N. S., and O. S. Tsareva. "Calculation of Voltages Ensuring Trouble-Free Operation of an Electrostatic Meter of the Direction of Small Angle Tilts." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 25, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-1-64-74.
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Introduction. Periodic geodetic observations are used to control the position of building structures and soil massifs. Since tilt is considered to be one of the most dangerous types of building deformations, this paper considers existing methods for its determination. When a horizontal displacement (tilt) is detected, it is of particular importance to assess not so much its angle but its direction. This allows preventive measures to be timely enforced. Therefore, determination of the direction of horizontal displacements at small tilt angles presents a relevant research problem. In order to increase the sensitivity of the considered measuring device, it is proposed to use the action of electric field.Aim. Calculation of electrical voltages that ensure reliable operation of the device under consideration, depending on its geometric dimensions and characteristics of the materials used.Materials and methods. The device was made of conductive, semiconductive and dielectric materials. Calculations were based on an analysis of forces acting on a vertically suspended load in the presence of electric field. The conditions of equilibrium and instability of the position of the load arising due to strong positive feedback in electric field were considered.Results. Calculations were performed to support a reasonable choice of geometric and electrophysical characteristics of the developed device. A formula was obtained for the values of electrical voltages that could ensure troublefree operation of the device. The calculated values of operating voltages were found to be acceptable for practical application. The main structural elements of the device and one of the possible methods for registering information signals were proposed.Conclusion. Due to the instable position of the load in a sufficiently strong electric field, the developed device allows the direction of displacements to be measured even when their values tend to zero. This makes the developed device promising for practical application. However, it should be noted that, under such small displacements, the accuracy of the device depends on the manufacturing conditions and random factors.
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Guschin, I. A. "Dynamics and criteria of CFRP destruction by lightning currents." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2124, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2124/1/012020.
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Abstract The article discusses a promising conductive composite material such as carbon-plastic. This material has significant strength, not inferior to metal, has a low specific weight and has interesting electrophysical characteristics. For a wider use of the material in various structural products, it is necessary to consider its unique characteristics. The work is devoted to the study of the conductive properties of carbon fiber under the influence of lightning currents and the development of criteria for its destruction. Based on two models of destruction of CFRP by lightning currents, a theoretical analysis of its destruction has been carried out. The first model considered the composite material as a continuous medium with anisotropic-conducting properties. The solution of the Laplace equation with the Neumann boundary conditions made it possible to find the distribution of current densities over the material and theoretically determine the radius and depth of damage. The second model, the layered structure model, took into account the structure of real CFRP. The dynamics of layer-by-layer destruction is considered on the basis of the equivalent circuit of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which takes into account the longitudinal and transverse resistivity of the composite. The distributions of the radial current density along the radius and depth of the material are constructed and the analysis of the spreading of currents at various degrees of material anisotropy is carried out. Strong anisotropy, leading to the release of total energy in the first layer. Destruction of the upper layer changes the distribution of currents in the rest of the layers. The results of numerical modeling of layer-by-layer destruction of CFRP for five layers are presented. The process of destruction under the action of large current pulses is considered. The fracture criteria for various degrees of material anisotropy are obtained and refined. The resulting formulas contain values that are reproduced in the experiment. The calculation results are in good agreement with experiment. In conclusion, it is concluded that the criteria are applied to predict the effects of lightning and optimize lightning protection at the design stage of an aircraft.
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Nargiz Baghirova, Nargiz Baghirova. "RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN ELECTRICAL AND CATALYTIC IN THE REACTION OF CONVERSION OF ETHANOL TO ACETONE." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 14, no. 03 (March 21, 2022): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei14032022-89.
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Low molecular weight ketones are among the most important products widely used in industry, however, the existing methods for their production are multistage. The significant disadvantages of these methods include the implementation of individual stages at high temperatures and pressures. As a result, the development of more economical and easy-to-implement processes is presented as an actual task for the basic organic synthesis industry. Recently, ethanol has been considered as a possible feedstock for the production of acetone. The prospect of using ethanol as a feedstock is due to the large renewable resources for its production. The growing interest in recent years in the production of ethanol by processing agricultural products and waste from the food and woodworking industries will undoubtedly stimulate further development of the method of producing acetone from ethanol. The catalytic conversion of ethanol to acetone is a relatively new method for producing acetone and, naturally, the number of publications devoted to this process is relatively small. In previously published works, as a rule, the issues of the mechanism of the process, as well as the relationship between the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the proposed active systems in these reactions, are not considered in detail. Active and selective catalysts were selected for the conversion reaction of ethanol to acetone, the mechanism of the process and the relationship between the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the activated sample were studied. The experiments were carried out on an active catalyst with the composition ZnO:CaO=9:1 The main provisions of the electronic theory of catalysis are developed in application to semi¬con-ductors, since, firstly, the theory of semiconductors is now more developed, and secondly, most of the catalysts used in practice belong to semiconductors. The surface of a semiconductor is the protection of two phases: a solid body-gas. The approach to this boundary from the side of the gaseous environment is essential for catalysis. The environment affects the surface and volume of the solid body. The influence of the environment is carried out through adsorption, as a result, the Fermi level shifts, and the electrophysical pro¬pert¬ies of catalysts change in the processes of adsorption and catalysis. Reactions of heterogeneous-catalytic transformation of low molecular weight alcohols are of great practical importance. The relevance of catalytic transformations of ethanol into various valuable products is the most important task of modern catalytic chemistry. To elucidate the mechanism of these reactions, a necessary step is to study the nature of the electronic interaction of reactants with a solid body, since the vast majority of catalysts of heterogeneous-catalytic oxidation - metal oxides, semiconductors, so especially promising is to involve methods for studying the electro physical properties of the surface. Changing these properties and studying the nature of their change in the atmosphere of the reactants, it is possible obtain valuable information about the nature of the electronic interaction of the reactant-catalyst. The works carried out in this direction showed that in most cases the process of chemisorption is accompanied by the appearance of an additional surface potential, indicating the charging of the surface in the presence of a particular reactant. The electrical and catalytic properties of a series of active zinc-calcium oxide catalysts were studied (their activity was also studied in previous experiments). The study of the electrical properties of the catalyst is of the greatest interest for elucidating the mechanism of reactions, since they can provide information about the nature of electronic transitions that limit the course of the reaction. The number of different factors determines the catalytic activity of a solid body. Each of these factors can correlate with certain properties of a solid body. When comparing catalytic and electrophysical properties electrical conductivity is most often measured. Measuring on the same catalyst sample under the same conditions of conductivity change can provide useful information about mechanism of action of the catalyst and the course of the catalytic reaction. Studies of the electrical conductivity of the synthesized catalysts have shown that all the catalysts studied are semiconductors. This article shows the relationship between the electrical and catalytic properties of zinc-calcium oxide catalysts. Keywords: catalyst, electrical conductivity, activation energy, adsorption, ethanol, acetone.
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Stekhin, Anatoly A., Yury A. Rakhmanin, Galina V. Yakovleva, and Tatyana I. Iksanova. "The role of body water in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 6 (June 28, 2021): 584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-6-584-593.
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Non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide, the origin of which remains unclear. At the same time, in the methodology of hygienic diagnostics and socio-hygienic monitoring, the search for good indicators testifying to the influence of environmental factors on human health is of considerable difficulty. 85-90% of management errors are recognized due to the unreasonable choice of these indicators. The continued growth of non-infectious morbidity in the Russian population indicates the inefficiency of the existing system of socio-hygienic (epidemiological) monitoring and, in general, the state of hygiene as human health science. To obtain reliable monitoring data, it is necessary to introduce a systematic homeostatic indicator that reflects changes in human health, regardless of the nature and origin of external factors, including vital and social factors. In this regard, the goals of this review were to analyze the systemic homeostatic action of the body’s associated water phase and the mechanisms of its electronic exchange interaction with the environment in a relationship that reflects the root causes of metabolic disorders in cellular structures and the subsequent occurrence of chronic non-infectious human diseases. According to quantum notions, an organism is a macroscopic quantum system, each organ and each cell of which is in electronic interaction with each other and with similar structures in the environment. It is precise because of non local connections that health and diseases are significantly dependent on the electrophysical state of the environment. A systemic indicator that reflects the effectiveness of electronic metabolic processes and human health is the proportion of the associated water phase in the body and the associated intensity of electromagnetic emission in the low-frequency and high-frequency spectral regions. In pathological conditions of organs (disease), adaptation is disrupted, which from a physical perspective is regarded as a “gap” in quantum correlation with external sources of electrons. During this process, a sharp decrease in the proportion of the associated water phase occurs, accompanied by the release of excess heat and metabolic shifts. Electron-deficient environmental conditions require the early introduction of measures to counteract dangerous trends in the nation health and the social and hygienic monitoring methodological aspects revision, which can have a significant impact on the “water factor,” through which realized one of the main ways of electron-deficient states the body compensation is implemented.
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Kuznetsov, A. V., V. A. Morozov, G. G. Savenkov, and V. V. Stolyarov. "The Role of Graphene Admixtures in the Stability of Aluminum Oxide to Brittle Fracture under Pulsed Electrophysical Actions." Technical Physics 66, no. 3 (March 2021): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784221030154.
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Briko, Andrey, Vladislava Kapravchuk, Alexander Kobelev, Alexey Tikhomirov, Ahmad Hammoud, Mugeb Al-Harosh, Steffen Leonhardt, Chuong Ngo, Yury Gulyaev, and Sergey Shchukin. "Determination of the Geometric Parameters of Electrode Systems for Electrical Impedance Myography: A Preliminary Study." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010097.
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The electrical impedance myography method is widely used in solving bionic control problems and consists of assessing the change in the electrical impedance magnitude during muscle contraction in real time. However, the choice of electrode systems sizes is not always properly considered when using the electrical impedance myography method in the existing approaches, which is important in terms of electrical impedance signal expressiveness and reproducibility. The article is devoted to the determination of acceptable sizes for the electrode systems for electrical impedance myography using the Pareto optimality assessment method and the electrical impedance signals formation model of the forearm area, taking into account the change in the electrophysical and geometric parameters of the skin and fat layer and muscle groups when performing actions with a hand. Numerical finite element simulation using anthropometric models of the forearm obtained by volunteers’ MRI 3D reconstructions was performed to determine a sufficient degree of the forearm anatomical features detailing in terms of the measured electrical impedance. For the mathematical description of electrical impedance relationships, a forearm two-layer model, represented by the skin-fat layer and muscles, was reasonably chosen, which adequately describes the change in electrical impedance when performing hand actions. Using this model, for the first time, an approach that can be used to determine the acceptable sizes of electrode systems for different parts of the body individually was proposed.
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Pisarenko, Ivan, and Eugeny Ryndin. "Drift-Diffusion Simulation of High-Speed Optoelectronic Devices." Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010106.
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In this paper, we address the problem of research and development of the advanced optoelectronic devices designed for on-chip optical interconnections in integrated circuits. The development of the models, techniques, and applied software for the numerical simulation of carrier transport and accumulation in high-speed AIIIBV (A and B refer to group III and V semiconductors, respectively) optoelectronic devices is the purpose of the paper. We propose the model based on the standard drift-diffusion equations, rate equation for photons in an injection laser, and complex analytical models of carrier mobility, generation, and recombination. To solve the basic equations of the model, we developed the explicit and implicit techniques of drift-diffusion numerical simulation and applied software. These aids are suitable for the stationary and time-domain simulation of injection lasers and photodetectors with various electrophysical, constructive, and technological parameters at different control actions. We applied the model for the simulation of the lasers with functionally integrated amplitude and frequency modulators and uni-travelling-carrier photodetectors. According to the results of non-stationary simulation, it is reasonable to optimize the parameters of the lasers-modulators and develop new construction methods aimed at the improvement of photodetectors’ response time.
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Kotsur, М. І., D. S. Yarymbash, Yu S. Bezverkhnya, and T. Yu Divchuk. "Features of field modeling of electromagnetic processes of trolley busbar." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-1-5.
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Purpose. Research and analysis trolley busbar’s parameters in condition of higher current harmonic actions, with taking into account the structural features of nonlinearity of magnetic and electrical properties of materials, proximity effects, surface and external surface effects.
Methodology. The researches were carried out using the electromagnetic field theory methods, the electrical circuit theory, mathematical physics, finite elements, interpolation, approximation and regression analysis.
Findings. The mathematical spatial model of electromagnetic processes in a steel trolley busbar in time statement of a problem of distribution of an electromagnetic field is developed. The dependences of the distribution of equipotential lines of the resulting z-component of the magnetic potential vector along the busbar, as well as the distribution of the resulting normal component of magnetic induction and magnetic field strength in the transverse (XY) cross section at non-sinusoidal current in busbar trolleys is obtained. Along the length of the busbar, in their cross section, the magnetic field tends to a plane-parallel shape it is proved. The error of the modulus of the vector magnetic potential along the length of the busbar does not exceed 0.9-1.2%. To reduce the dimension of the problem, computational resources and calculation time, a two-dimensional plane-parallel mathematical model in the frequency setting of the electromagnetic field distribution is proposed. To take into account the nonlinear magnetic properties of steel trolleys, to determine the effective magnetization curve for the nonlinear two-dimensional problem of the electromagnetic field of the busbar it is proposed. The verification results, according to the calculated voltage drop, confirm the high accuracy of the calculation and the reliability of the obtained results (error does not exceed 1.88% ÷ 2.06%) of the two-dimensional model in the frequency setting relative to the spatial model in the problem of time-dependent electrical -magnetic field is obtained.
Originality. A mathematical two-dimensional model of electromagnetic processes in the frequency formulation of the problem of electromagnetic field distribution in a trolley busbar is proposed, which takes into account design features, nonlinearity of magnetic and electrophysical properties of materials, proximity effects, surface and external surface effects, influence of harmonic current components power transmission, which allows with high accuracy and efficiency of numerical implementation to determine the parameters of the bus trolls for the corresponding values of the amplitudes and frequencies of the frequencies harmonics of the current.
Practical value. Verification of the calculated voltage drop confirms the high accuracy of the calculation and the reliability of the results (error does not exceed 1.88% ÷ 2.06%) of the two-dimensional model in the frequency reference relative to the spatial model in the problem of time-dependent electromagnetic field distribution is performed.
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Pellegrino, G., K. Stefanantoni, F. Facioni, C. Angelelli, A. Gigante, R. Badagliacca, C. D. Vizza, S. Morelli, E. Rosato, and V. Riccieri. "SAT0296 SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS WITH ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1093.1–1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3390.
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Background:Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are described in 25-75% Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) cases and they are associated with other systemic manifestations as well as with a worse prognosis. There is an increasing need for clinical and laboratory biomarkers to ameliorate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with ECG abnormalities, due to their actual low sensitivity and specificity. Adipokines are circulating proteins that appear dysregulated in SSc and leptin in particular is synthesized in response to inflammatory conditions and seems to play a proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic action in SSc. Interesting, many studies in the last years have underlined its role in the cardiac remodeling mechanisms and in the development of cardiac fibrosis in other chronic diseases.Objectives:Aim of our study is to evaluate the role of leptin in the development of cardiac rhythm disorders (CRD) during SSc. Furthermore, by the analysis of the clinical and demographical parameters of our SSc patients, we tried to define other possible features associated with increased serum leptin concentration.Methods:We included eighty-five SSc patients, fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, attending the Regional Rare Disease Center of Policlinico Umberto I of Rome. Fifty presented significant CRD at non-invasive diagnostic techniques (12 Lead ECG, 24-hour Holter ECG). Demographic, clinical, conventional cardiovascular risk factors were examined; instrumental and laboratory assessments were obtained, together with ECG recordings. Thirty-five SSc patients without pathologic finding at ECG traces, matched for demographic and clinical features, were recruited as the control group. In all cases, after obtaining written informed consent, blood samples were taken to measure serum levels of leptin using an ELISA assay (Life Technologies-Italia).Results:The fifty SSc patients with CRD (mean age 51±15 years; F:M 41:9) had pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in 32 cases (64%) and a BMI >25Kg/m2in 22 (44%) while in the control group of thirty-five SSc patients (mean age 49±16 years; F:M 33:2) PF was found in 15 (43%) and a BMI >25Kg/m2in 9 (35%); We detected significantly higher median values of serum leptin in SSc patients with CRD compared to the control group (12027 pg/ml IQR 12314 versus 6392 pg/ml IQR 7103;p 0,0009). Additionally, SSc patients with a BMI> 25 kg/m2(31 cases) as well as those with PF (47 cases) showed a significantly higher median serum leptin levels compared to those with BMI <25 kg/m2(13161 pg/ml IQR 13610 versus 8187 pg/ml IQR 8255;p 0,0008) and those without PF (11740 pg/ml IQR 11940 versus 7616 pg/ml IQR 7855;p 0,0079).Conclusion:To our knowledge this is the first report on high serum levels of leptin in SSc patients with CRD that also confirms its increase in those cases with a BMI >25 kg/m2and with PF, according to scientific literature data. The role of leptin in the pathogenesis of SSc remains unclear although it is already known its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis during other chronic diseases. On the basis of these results we speculate on leptin involvement in the pathogenesis of CRD during SSc, although further studies are needed with larger cohort of patients.References:[1]Vacca A et al. Rheumatology, 2014[2]Tyndall AJ et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010[3]Muresan L et al. Iran J Pub Health, 2017[4]Sanna T et al. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J, 2009[5]Riccieri V et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2011[6]Żółkiewicz J et al. Arch Dermatol Res, 2019[7]Huby AC et al. Circulation, 2015[8]Shulze PC et al. Clin Chim Acta, 2005[9]Van de Hoogen F et al. Arthritis Rheum, 2013[10]Gui X et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018Disclosure of Interests:Greta Pellegrino: None declared, Katia Stefanantoni Consultant of: ItalfarmacoBoehringer Ingelheim, Fausta Facioni: None declared, Carlotta Angelelli: None declared, Antonietta Gigante: None declared, Roberto Badagliacca: None declared, Carmine Dario Vizza: None declared, Sergio Morelli: None declared, Edoardo Rosato: None declared, Valeria Riccieri: None declared
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Parker, R. "Ultrasound v. sham ultrasound for experimentally induced delayed-onset muscle soreness: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 4 (February 4, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2014/v26i4a510.
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Background. Therapeutic ultrasound (US) is an electrophysical therapy that is commonly used by sports physiotherapists, but its mechanismof action is unclear. There is little evidence that US therapy is more effective than sham US therapy, and any clinical benefits may be dueto a placebo effect.Objective. To investigate whether US has a specific effect that renders it effective in its own right, or whether its effect is placebo driven.Methods. In a double-blind controlled trial, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was experimentally induced in both bicep musclesof 15 females. Sham US was applied to one bicep (n=15 biceps) and pulsed active US to the other bicep (n=15 biceps) of each participant,48 and 72 h after induction of DOMS. Primary and secondary outcomes were pain reported on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) andrange of movement (ROM) (elbow extension) measured by goniometry, respectively.Results. Results showed significant improvements in pain and ROM over the intervention periods, but there was no difference betweeninterventions.Conclusion. US and sham US therapy improve pain equally when treating DOMS of the biceps in the context of a therapeutic encounter.This analgesic effect is placebo driven. Clinicians can influence the analgesic effect of US by managing the therapeutic context. Managementof patients’ anxiety may also boost the analgesic effect of US.
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Petrenko, Arsen, Nataliya Novikova, Alexander Blagov, Anton Kulikov, Yury Pisarevskii, Igor Verin, and Michail Kovalchuk. "Lateral deformations of a crystal of potassium acid phthalate in an external electric field." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 5 (September 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721007366.
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The anisotropy of deformations in potassium acid phthalate crystals arising under the action of an external electric field up to 1 kV mm−1 applied along the [001] polar axis was studied using X-ray diffraction methods at room temperature. Electrical conductivity was measured and rocking curves for reflections 400, 070 and 004 were obtained by time-resolved X-ray diffractometry in Laue and Bragg geometries. Two saturation processes were observed from the time dependences of the electrical conductivity. A shift in the diffraction peaks and a change in their intensity were found, which indicated a deformation of the crystal structure. Rapid piezoelectric deformation and reversible relaxation-like deformation, kinetically similar to the electrical conductivity of a crystal, were revealed. The deformation depended on the polarity and strength of the applied field. The deformation was more noticeable in the [100] direction and was practically absent in the [001] direction of the applied field. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a disordered arrangement of potassium atoms, i.e. additional positions and vacancies. The heights of potential barriers between the positions of K+ ions and the paths of their possible migration in the crystal structure of potassium acid phthalate were determined. The data obtained by time-resolved X-ray diffractometry and X-ray structure analysis, along with additional electrophysical measurements, allow the conclusion that the migration of charge carriers (potassium cations) leads to lateral deformation of the crystal structure of potassium phthalate in an external electric field.