Journal articles: 'Electrophoresis'

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Hassan, Sammer-ul. "Microchip Electrophoresis." Encyclopedia 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010006.

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Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) is a miniaturized form of capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a common technique to separate macromolecules such as nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins. This technique has become a routine method for DNA size fragmenting and separating protein mixtures in most laboratories around the world. The application of higher voltages in MCE achieves faster and efficient electrophoretic separations.

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Surh, Linda C., Gary G. Shutler, and Robert G. Korneluk. "Simple, Rapid Detection of PCR Heteroduplexes in DNA Mutations and Polymorphisms." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.12.2142.

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Abstract Detection of nucleotide differences is fundamental among diverse procedures used to study DNA mutations and polymorphisms, whether for basic molecular research or for diagnosis of genetic disorders. Rapid and efficient analysis without radioactive, chemical, or enzymatic modification is currently possible when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are electrophoresed on small polyacrylamide gels (5.0 cm × 4.3 cm × 0.45 mm) and stained with silver. The PhastSystemmTM (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden) was initially developed for protein electrophoresis/isoelectric focusing (1) and involves horizontal electrophoresis with an automated staining unit. We have adapted this system to heteroduplex formation of nucleic acids to detect the most frequent mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), designated ΔF508 (2). This system offers the advantages and uniformity of semi-automated polyacrylamide electrophoresis in a DNA clinical laboratory and the convenience of precast polyacrylamide gels, rapid electrophoretic times (<30 min), and an automated developing chamber where picogram quantities of DNA can be reproducibly silver-stained. Because pre-packaged agarose buffer strips are used, one need not prepare buffer solutions.

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Koel, M., and M. Vaher. "Electrophoretic mobilities in nonaqueos capillary electrophoresis." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Chemistry 53, no. 1 (2004): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/chem.2004.1.04.

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Zarubina, Anastasiya O., and Margarita Sergeevna Chernov'yants. "Aqueous and non-aqueous electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of a mixture of quinoline-2-thione and 8-mercaptoquinoline hydrochloride." Analytical Methods 10, no. 12 (2018): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay02875j.

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In this paper three variants of the electrophoretic method for the determination of thioamides, quinoline derivatives are given: aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and non-aqueous electrophoresis.

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Ohshima, Hiroyuki. "Transient Gel Electrophoresis of a Spherical Colloidal Particle." Gels 9, no. 5 (April 23, 2023): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9050356.

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The general theory is developed for the time-dependent transient electrophoresis of a weakly charged spherical colloidal particle with an electrical double layer of arbitrary thickness in an uncharged or charged polymer gel medium. The Laplace transform of the transient electrophoretic mobility of the particle with respect to time is derived by considering the long-range hydrodynamic interaction between the particle and the polymer gel medium on the basis of the Brinkman–Debye–Bueche model. According to the obtained Laplace transform of the particle’s transient electrophoretic mobility, the transient gel electrophoretic mobility approaches the steady gel electrophoretic mobility as time approaches infinity. The present theory of the transient gel electrophoresis also covers the transient free-solution electrophoresis as its limiting case. It is shown that the relaxation time for the transient gel electrophoretic mobility to reach its steady value is shorter than that of the transient free-solution electrophoretic mobility and becomes shorter as the Brinkman screening length decreases. Some limiting or approximate expressions are derived for the Laplace transform of the transient gel electrophoretic mobility.

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Manoussopoulos, I. N., E. Maiss, and M. Tsagris. "Native electrophoresis and Western blot analysis (NEWeB): a method for characterization of different forms of potyvirus particles and similar nucleoprotein complexes in extracts of infected plant tissues." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 2295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-9-2295.

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A combination of native electrophoresis and immunodetection (Western blot) was used for the characterization of nucleoprotein particles of the potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV). Virus particles were electrophoresed directly from plant extracts in agarose or mixed acrylamide–agarose gels under native conditions, blotted on nitrocellulose membranes, and characterized with the aid of a coat protein-specific antibody. Using this combined methodology, called NEWeB (native electrophoresis and Western blotting), we could show that a population of particles that differ in their electrophoretic mobility can be detected in extracts of Nicotiana benthamiana, that two different strains of PPV can be distinguished in double infections of the same plant and that virus particles from leaves contain detectable levels of helper component proteinase molecules. The potential of the NEWeB method for the study of structure and function of virus particles and similar nucleoprotein complexes in single and mixed infections is discussed.

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Pauwels, Jochen, and Ann Schepdael. "Carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis." Open Chemistry 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0014-5.

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AbstractCarbon nanotubes are among the plethora of novel nanostructures developed since the 1980s. Nanotubes have attracted considerable interest by the scientific community thanks to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Research areas have flourished in recent years and now include the nano-electronic, (bio)sensor and analytical field along with many others. This review covers applications of carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis. First, carbon nanotubes and a range of electrophoretic techniques are briefly introduced and key references are mentioned. Next, a comprehensive survey of achievements in the field is presented and critically assessed. The merits and downsides of carbon nanotube addition to the various capillary electrophoretic modes are addressed. The different schemes for fabricating electrochromatographic stationary phases based on carbon nanotubes are discussed. Finally, some future perspectives are offered.

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Sajjadi, Sayyed Hashem, Hossein Ahmadzadeh, and Elaheh K. Goharshadi. "Enhanced electrophoretic separation of proteins by tethered SiO2 nanoparticles in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel network." Analyst 145, no. 2 (2020): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01759c.

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Tethered nanoparticles (NPs) are able to improve the separation efficiency of proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) due to their capability of enhancing heat dissipation during electrophoresis and restriction of electrophoretic movement of NPs.

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Barbosa, J., D. Barrón, and E. Jiménez-Lozano. "Electrophoretic behaviour of quinolones in capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 839, no. 1-2 (April 1999): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00093-x.

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Sanz-Nebot, V., F. Benavente, I. Toro, and J. Barbosa. "Electrophoretic behavior of peptides in capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 921, no. 1 (June 2001): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00730-0.

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11

Rosalki, S. B., and A. Y. Foo. "Incubation with neuraminidase and affinity electrophoresis with wheat-germ lectin compared for separating and quantifying alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.7.1198.

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Abstract Of 98 patients' specimens examined for alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane after incubation with neuraminidase, 50 showed only a single liver or bone isoenzyme staining band; in 15 of these, the tissue origin of the fraction could not be accurately identified from its electrophoretic location. In the remaining 48 specimens, both liver and bone fractions were identifiable, but in only 25 of these was the electrophoretic resolution sufficient to yield separate peaks on densitometry. In contrast, both liver and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were identified in 95 of the 98 specimens by affinity electrophoresis involving wheat-germ lectin, the detection of both fractions being in agreement with the results of sequential heat inactivation. The tissue origin of the enzyme bands was readily ascertainable from their consistent electrophoretic location in this medium, and in 89 of the specimens the isoenzyme fractions could be resolved into separate peaks on densitometry. We conclude that resolution of liver and bone alkaline phosphatase by incubation with neuraminidase followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis is greatly inferior to that obtained by wheat-germ lectin affinity electrophoresis.

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12

Ohshima, Hiroyuki. "Transient Electrophoresis of A Cylindrical Colloidal Particle." Fluids 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7110342.

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We develop the theory of transient electrophoresis of a weakly charged, infinitely long cylindrical colloidal particle under an application of a transverse or tangential step electric field. Transient electrophoretic mobility approaches steady electrophoretic mobility with time. We derive closed-form expressions for the transient electrophoretic mobility of a cylinder without involving numerical inverse Laplace transformations and the corresponding time-dependent transient Henry functions. The transient electrophoretic mobility of an arbitrarily oriented cylinder is also derived. It is shown that in contrast to the case of steady electrophoresis, the transient Henry function of an arbitrarily oriented cylinder at a finite time is significantly smaller than that of a sphere with the same radius and mass density as the cylinder so that a cylinder requires a much longer time to reach its steady mobility than the corresponding sphere.

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Munro, Nicole J., Karen Snow, Jeffrey A. Kant, and James P. Landers. "Molecular Diagnostics on Microfabricated Electrophoretic Devices: From Slab Gel- to Capillary- to Microchip-based Assays for T- and B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.11.1906.

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Abstract Background: Current methods for molecular-based diagnosis of disease rely heavily on modern molecular biology techniques for interrogating the genome for aberrant DNA sequences. These techniques typically include amplification of the target DNA sequences followed by separation of the amplified fragments by slab gel electrophoresis. As a result of the labor-intensive, time-consuming nature of slab gel electrophoresis, alternative electrophoretic formats have been developed in the form of capillary electrophoresis and, more recently, multichannel microchip electrophoresis. Methods: Capillary electrophoresis was explored as an alternative to slab gel electrophoresis for the analysis of PCR-amplified products indicative of T- and B-cell malignancies as a means of defining the elements for silica microchip-based diagnosis. Capillary-based separations were replicated on electrophoretic microchips. Results: The microchip-based electrophoretic separation effectively resolved PCR-amplified fragments from the variable region of the T-cell receptor-γ gene (150–250 bp range) and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (80–140 bp range), yielding diagnostically relevant information regarding the presence of clonal DNA populations. Although hydroxyethylcellulose provided adequate separation power, the need for a coated microchannel for effective resolution necessitated additional preparative steps. In addition, preliminary data are shown indicating that polyvinylpyrrolidone may provide an adequate matrix without the need for microchannel coating. Conclusions: Separation of B- and T-cell gene rearrangement PCR products on microchips provides diagnostic information in dramatically reduced time (160 s vs 2.5 h) with no loss of diagnostic capacity when compared with current methodologies. As illustrated, this technology and methodology holds great potential for extrapolation to the abundance of similar molecular biology-based techniques.

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Fauvel, Matthieu, Anna Trybala, Dmitri Tseluiko, Victor Mikhilovich Starov, and Himiyage Chaminda Hemaka Bandulasena. "Continuous Electrophoretic Separation of Charged Dyes in Liquid Foam." Colloids and Interfaces 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids7020044.

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A novel electrophoretic separation technique is presented, where continuous electrophoretic separation is demonstrated using free flowing liquid foams. Continuous foam electrophoresis combines the principle of capillary electrophoresis and interactions between analytes and the electrical double layer, with the ability of Free Flow Electrophoresis to continuously separate and recover analytes automatically. A liquid foam is used to provide a network of deformable micro and nano channels with a high surface area, presenting a novel platform for electrophoresis, where interfacial phenomena could be exploited to modify analyte migration. The main purpose of this paper is to present a proof-of-concept study and provide fundamental understanding of a complex foam system in continuous separation mode, i.e., flowing liquid foam under an external electric field with electrophoresis and chemical reactions at the electrodes continuously changing the system. Liquid foam is generated using a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactants and pumped through a microfluidic separation chamber between two electrodes. The effectiveness of the device is demonstrated using a dye mixture containing a neutral dye and an anionic dye. At the outlet, the foam is separated and collected into five fractions which are individually probed for the concentration of the two dyes used. The anionic dye was concentrated up to 1.75 (±0.05) times the initial concentration in a select outlet, while the neutral dye concentration remained unchanged in all outlets, demonstrating the potential for electrophoretic foam separations.

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Bass, B. H., H. Armstrong, B. Weinshenker, G. C. Ebers, J. H. Noseworthy, and G. P. A. Rice. "Interpretation of Single Band Patterns in CSF Protein Electrophoresis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100027116.

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ABSTRACT:We have examined the diagnostic significance of finding one band in the immunoglobulin (IgG) region in spinal fluid protein electrophoresis. From January 1983 to January 1986, 855 consecutive CSF electrophoreses were performed on as many patients. A blinded observer identified a single band in the IgG region in 53 cases (6.2%). In only 14 patients (26%), were the clinical features ultimately felt to be due to clinically definite or possible multiple sclerosis (MS). The majority of patients with a single band had another neurological diagnosis (55%) or were neurologically normal (6%). Many of the neurological disorders in which a single band was found were not disorders in which an increased intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin or electrophoretic restriction would have been expected. A variety of conditions can produce a single band pattern. The significance of these patterns and the means by which they might be identified are described.

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Tokur, Bahar, and Koray Korkmaz. "Electrophoretic Methods for Identifying the Species of Seafood and Its Derivatives." Food Bulletin 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/foodb.v2i2.121.

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The identification of the species of seafood and their products, whether they are fresh or cooked, is one of the key concerns of food regulations in many countries that have a significant intake of seafood. In point of fact, a commercial fraud happens when a species that is less value is intentionally substituted for a species that is more valuable, and a sanitary fraud takes place when a product that is potentially harmful is introduced into the market. A primary responsibility of veterinary inspection of seafood products is the detection of harmful species with the aim of removing them from the retail trade (Council Directive 91/493/ECC). Two efficient methods for seafood species identification are molecular biology methods and protein electrophoresis. Classic electrophoretic methods have been used for a long time to authenticate seafood; they are simple, accurate, and inexpensive compared to molecular biological methods, which are the wave of the future in food safety labs. The purpose of this article is to offer an overview of the electrophoretic methods commonly used to identify different species of seafood, including sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), native or urea-isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF), two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and capillary electrophoresis (CE).

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Esser, K. A., M. O. Boluyt, and T. P. White. "Separation of cardiac myosin heavy chains by gradient SDS-PAGE." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): H659—H663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.3.h659.

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Separation of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains (MHCs) in cardiac ventricles of rats by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was accomplished and compared with the separation of myosin isozymes obtained with pyrophosphate gels. Whole muscle homogenates were electrophoresed on a 4–9% linear gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel for 3–4 h. MHC bands were identified by the migration distance relative to a MHC standard and immunoblot results with a monoclonal antibody to MHC. The MHC bands were further identified as alpha and beta based on the electrophoretic mobility of ventricular homogenates from hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats and ventricular and slow soleus skeletal muscle homogenates from control rats. The beta-MHC migrated faster than alpha-MHC, and laser densitometry revealed separate peaks when both MHCs were present. With homogenates containing MHC ranging from 0 to 100% alpha, the separation of MHCs with gradient SDS-PAGE correlated highly (r = 0.97) with separation of myosin isozymes by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. The SDS-PAGE technique reported herein is a quick, valid, and direct method for the identification and quantification of ventricular MHCs.

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HUSSAIN, A., W. BUSHUK, and S. T. ALI-KHAN. "FIELD PEA CULTTVAR IDENTIFICATION BY ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF COTYLEDON PROTEINS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-140.

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A procedure was developed for discrimination and identification of cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) on the basis of the electrophoretic patterns of the acetic acid soluble seed proteins. The electrophoresis is done on 7% polyacrylamide gels at pH 3.1 in aluminum lactate buffer.Key words: Pea, Pisum sativum L., cultivar identification, lactate PAGE, electrophoresis

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HUSSAIN, A., W. BUSHUK, H. RAMIREZ, and W. ROCA. "IDENTIFICATION OF CULTIVARS OF FORAGE LEGUME (Desmodium ovalifolium GUILL ET PERR.) BY THEIR ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-098.

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An electrophoretic procedure was developed for discriminating cultivars of Desmodium ovalifolium on the basis of patterns of partially purified seed proteins. Electrophoresis was done on uniform 15% polycrylamide gels in basic (8.9) pH. The method produced satisfactory discrimination of eight cultivars used in its initial evaluation.Key words: Forage legume, Desmodium ovalifolium Guill et Perr., cultivar identification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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Gabriel, Hancu, Tero-Vescan Amelia, Filip Cristina, and Rusu Aura. "Capillary Electrophoresis in the Analysis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0103.

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AbstractThe aim of this study to inventory the main electrophoretic methods for identification and quantitative determination of fatty acids from different biological matrices. Critical analysis of electrophoretic methods reported in the literature show that the determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids can be made by: capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using different detection systems such as ultraviolet diode array detection, laser induced fluorescence or mass – spectrometry. Capillary electrophoresis is a fast, low-cost technique used for polyunsaturated fatty acids analysis although their determination is mostly based on gas chromatography.

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Hill, Reghan J. "Hydrogel charge regulation and electrolyte ion-concentration perturbations in nanoparticle gel electrophoresis." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2184 (December 2015): 20150523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0523.

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Gel electrophoresis of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) is studied using an electrokinetic model that couples the ion conservation equations to the Poisson and fluid momentum equations, thus including the so-called polarization and relaxation processes. This model is therefore the charged gel electrophoresis analogue of the well-known O’Brien and White solution of the standard electrokinetic model for free-solution electrophoresis. Results are provided for the small NPs (size around 10 nm) to which gel electrophoresis is relevant, because particles must be small enough to permeate the gel: these include the particle drag coefficient (or Brownian diffusivity), which is subject to hydrodynamic screening and electroviscous effects, and the electrophoretic mobility, which is subject to nonlinear electrostatic and charge polarization influences. Also addressed are the influences of charge-regulating gels and the accompanying particle-induced immobile charge-density perturbations. Ion-concentration perturbations attenuate the electrophoretic mobility and enhance the drag coefficient according to the particle charge and the mobility of the most abundant counterion. However, dynamic regulation of the hydrogel charge—termed the secondary immobile charge-density perturbation—has a negligible influence on the particle mobility, and may therefore be neglected for most practical purposes.

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Barrón, Dolores, Eulalia Jiménez-Lozano, and José Barbosa. "Electrophoretic behaviour of zwitterionic compounds in capillary electrophoresis." Analytica Chimica Acta 415, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00884-9.

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Nordén, Bengt, Christer Elvingson, Mats Jonsson, and Björn Åkerman. "Microscopic behaviour of DNA during electrophoresis: electrophoretic orientation." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 24, no. 2 (May 1991): 103–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500003395.

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The study of the behaviour of DNA when subjected to electric fields poses several intriguing problems of fundamental physico-chemical importance. Electric field (Kerr effect) orientation of DNA in free solution as well as migration of DNA in gel electrophoresis are two well-established, but so far rather separate, research fields. Whereas the first one has been generally concerned with basic structural and dynamical properties of DNA (Charney, 1988), the second is closely related to techniques of molecular biology (for a review on DNA electrophoresis, see stellwagen 1987).

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Hadrach, Safaa, and Imane Benazzouz. "Serum Protein Electrophoretic in Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2023 (March 2, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7985231.

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Serum protein electrophoresis is a simple, reliable, and specific method used for separation of serum proteins. This study consisted to detect, at pediatric cases, pathological profiles of serum proteins by capillary electrophoresis and interpret any anomalies. The study was performed on 81 sera collected from pediatric subjects admitted at the Abderrahim Harouchi Children’s Hospital in Casablanca. Study results revealed 72 specific pathological electrophoretic patterns for acute and chronic inflammatory response (35 children), hypogammaglobulinemia (3), polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (23), hypoalbuminemia (5), agammaglobulinemia (1), and other medical conditions (2). No cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and nephrotic syndrome by electrophoresis were highlighted. Serum protein electrophoresis in children is recommended as a diagnostic technique for increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis in acute, subacute, and chronic inflammatory diseases, liver disease, and cases of immunodeficiency.

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Pieri, Massimo, Flaminia Tomassetti, Caterina Iodice, Rosa Piazzolla, Elena Riboldi, Francesca Capogreco, Adalgisa Innocenti, Maria Loredana Frassanito, Sergio Bernardini, and Graziella Calugi. "Our Laboratory Experience: Comparison of Capillary Electrophoresis/Immunosubtraction and Agarose Gel/Immunofixation." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i7.2067.

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Abstract. Monoclonal gammopathies represent a wide spectrum of related diseases. The common denominator is the presence of a monoclonal protein in the serum or urine, which can be in the form of intact immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin fragments, and/or free light chains (κ and λ). We can detect these abnormalities by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) in which specific antibodies are overlaid after electrophoresis and the corresponding immunoglobulin. In our study, we compared gel-based and capillary-based serum protein electrophoresis methods to identify and characterize monoclonal immunoglobulins in serum samples. We analyzed 500 serum samples by Sebia Hydragel agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE)/immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and CAPILLARYS 2 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)/immunosubtraction (IS). AGE/IFE and CZE/IS had an overall agreement of 98% on serum protein electrophoresis. In our hands, AGE/IFE and CZE/IS had the same specificity for detection of monoclonal proteins; however, CZE/IS seems to be more sensitive than AGE/IFE for the detection of some critical cases. However, CZE/IS is an analytically suitable alternative to AGE/IFE, although laboratories should need to combine, for singular samples, both electrophoretic methods in their clinical routine. A combined use of AGE/IFE and CZE/IS is necessary to lead to an accurate diagnosis and clinically error-free results.

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Issaq, H. J. "Capillary zone electrophoresis Electrophoresis Library." Journal of Chromatography A 675, no. 1-2 (July 1994): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85288-x.

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Hasan, Muhammad Noman, Ran An, Asya Akkus, Derya Akkaynak, Adrienne R. Minerick, Chirag R. Kharangate, and Umut A. Gurkan. "Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111433.

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Paper-based microchip electrophoresis has the potential to bring laboratory electrophoresis tests to the point of need. However, high electric potential and current values induce pH and temperature shifts, which may affect biomolecule electrophoretic mobility thus decrease test reproducibility and accuracy of paper-based microfluidic electrophoresis. We have previously developed a microchip electrophoresis system, HemeChip, which has the capability of providing low-cost, rapid, reproducible, and accurate point-of-care (POC) electrophoresis tests for hemoglobin analysis. Here, we report the methodologies we implemented for characterizing HemeChip system pH and temperature during the development process, including utilizing commercially available universal pH indicator and digital camera pH shift characterization, and infrared camera characterizing temperature shift characterization. The characterization results demonstrated that pH shifts up to 1.1 units, a pH gradient up to 0.11 units/mm, temperature shifts up to 40 °C, and a temperature gradient up to 0.5 °C/mm existed in the system. Finally, we report an acid pre-treatment of the separation media, a cellulose acetate paper, mitigated both pH and temperature shifts and provided a stable environment for reproducible HemeChip hemoglobin electrophoresis separation.

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Ranjan, P., R. E. Karcher, E. Epstein, and F. L. Kiechle. "Electrophoresis and the isomune-LD and LD-1 immuno methods compared for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1884–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.10.1884.

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Abstract We evaluated three different methods for measuring lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme LD-1 activity--agarose gel electrophoresis and two immunoassays, Isomune-LD (Roche) and LD-1 Immuno (Seragen)--in patients' samples for which measurement of creatine kinase-MB was ordered. Regression analyses of the comparisons gave the following results: LD-1 (%) from Isomune-LD (y) vs electrophoresis (x) (n = 51), y = 1.05x + 1.99, r = 0.92; LD-1 (%) from LD-1 Immuno (y) vs electrophoresis (n = 27), y = 1.05x + 3.94, r = 0.88; LD-1 (%) from LD-1 Immuno (y) vs Isomune-LD (x) (n = 41), y = 1.06x + 0.48, r = 0.95. Comparison by Student's paired t-test yielded significant differences between the mean values by electrophoresis and both Isomune-LD (P less than 0.005) and LD-1 Immuno (P less than 0.001), but no significant difference between the two immunoassays (P greater than 0.2). Analyzing these results by the overlap index, we conclude that electrophoresis shows the best clinical correlation followed, in order, by the Isomune-LD and the LD-1 Immuno methods. Both immunoassays are simpler and more rapid than electrophoresis, but in our hands the Isomune-LD method demonstrated greater precision and better correlation with electrophoretic values.

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Barberis, Lucila Isabel, Alberto Jorge Eraso, Maria Cristina Pàjaro, and Inès Albesa. "Molecular weight determination and partial characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae hemolysins." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-161.

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Two thiol-activated Klebsiella pneumoniae hemolysins were purified from growth media by means of salt precipitation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The hemolysins peaks coincided with the protein and glycoprotein peaks as determined by chromatography and electrophoresis, The molecular weights, estimated by gel filtration, were 8400 and 19 000; by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the values were calculated as 15 500 and 27 000. The electrophoretic bands were best detected by the periodic acid–Schiff method. Reduction of the disulfide linkages did not cause the originally larger molecule to break into 8400 and 19 000 hemolysins. However, trypsin treatment cleaved the 19 000 hemolysin into an active moiety, with an electrophoretic migration similar to the 8400 hemolysin. A naturally occurring proteolytic activity was investigated using pepstatin and antipain. When the trypsin inhibitor was added to the system, the hemolytic activity was detected only in the 19 000 hemolysin and the smaller hemolysin was absent.

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Bahga, Supreet Singh, Romir Moza, and Mayank Khichar. "Theory of multi-species electrophoresis in the presence of surface conduction." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2186 (February 2016): 20150661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0661.

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Electrophoresis techniques are characterized by concentration disturbances (or waves) propagating under the effect of an electric field. These techniques are usually performed in microchannels where surface conduction through the electric double layer (EDL) at channel walls is negligible compared with bulk conduction. However, when electrophoresis techniques are integrated in nanochannels, shallow microchannels or charged porous media, surface conduction can alter bulk electrophoretic transport. The existing mathematical models for electrophoretic transport in multi-species electrolytes do not account for the competing effects of surface and bulk conduction. We present a mathematical model of multi-species electrophoretic transport incorporating the effects of surface conduction on bulk ion-transport and provide a methodology to derive analytical solutions using the method of characteristics. Based on the analytical solutions, we elucidate the propagation of nonlinear concentration waves, such as shock and rarefaction waves, and provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence. Our results show that the presence of surface conduction alters the propagation speed of nonlinear concentration waves and the composition of various zones. Importantly, we highlight the role of surface conduction in formation of additional shock and rarefaction waves which are otherwise not present in conventional electrophoresis.

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Férard, G. "Quantities and units for electrophoresis in the clinical laboratory." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 14, no. 1 (1992): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924692000014.

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Electrophoretic techniques have been developed and refined over decades, and are now widely used in clinical laboratories. For example, electrophoresis is routinely used to separate many different components, including proteins, lipoproteins, and isoenzymes. More recently, the applications of molecular biology in diagnosis have increased the use of electrophoresis to separate DNA components in the clinical laboratory. Various kinds of quantities are used for the description of separation procedures. It is the purpose of this document to provide manufacturers and users of electrophoretic techniques with a list of relevant quantities and units consistent with the International System of Units (SI) and standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

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Landers, J. P. "Clinical capillary electrophoresis." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.4.495.

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Abstract Capillary electrophoresis is a relatively new analytical technique that has begun to have an impact in the clinical laboratory, both for routine analyses and for those that are more esoteric. Its potential for automated, rapid, high-efficiency separations makes it appealing as a replacement for some of the more labor-intensive assays carried out in electrophoretic gels and as a complement to companion techniques such as HPLC. Among the many attractive characteristics of this technology is its versatility for analyses of a diverse spectrum of analytes, ranging from small organic ions to macromolecular protein complexes or DNA. The focus of this commentary is to familiarize the clinical scientist with the instrumentation and principles of capillary electrophoretic separation and to review the recent research demonstrating the applicability of this technology to the clinical laboratory.

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Wheeler, Rachel D., Micsha V. Costa, Asante Crichlow, Fenella Willis, Yasmin Reyal, Sarah E. Linstead, and Joanne E. Morris. "Case report: Interference from isatuximab on serum protein electrophoresis prevented demonstration of complete remission in a myeloma patient." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 59, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00045632211062080.

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Multiple myeloma is a haematological cancer caused by malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow that can result in organ dysfunction and death. Recent novel treatments have contributed to improved survival rates, including monoclonal antibody therapies that target the CD38 protein on the surface of plasma cells. Anti-CD38 therapies are IgG kappa monoclonal antibodies that are given in doses high enough for the drug to be visible on serum protein electrophoresis as a small paraprotein. We present a case where isatuximab, the most recent anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody to be approved for treatment of myeloma, obscured the patient’s paraprotein on gel immunofixation, so that complete remission could not be demonstrated. This was resolved using the isatuximab Hydrashift assay. The interference on gel immunofixation was unexpected because isatuximab migrated in a position distinct from the patient’s paraprotein on capillary zone electrophoresis. We demonstrate the surprising finding that isatuximab migrates in a different position on gel electrophoresis compared to capillary zone electrophoresis. It is vital that laboratories are aware of the possible interference on electrophoresis from anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapies, and are able to recognise these drugs on protein electrophoresis. The difference in isatuximab’s electrophoretic mobility on capillary and gel protein electrophoresis makes this particularly challenging. Laboratories should have a strategy for alternative analyses in the event that the drugs interfere with assessment of the patient’s paraprotein.

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Cunningham, Steven C., Brad McNear, Rebecca S. Pearlman, and Scott E. Kern. "Beverage-Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: An Inquiry-based Laboratory Exercise with Virtual Adaptation." CBE—Life Sciences Education 5, no. 3 (September 2006): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.06-01-0139.

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A wide range of literature and experience has shown that teaching methods that promote active learning, such as inquiry-based approaches, are more effective than those that rely on passive learning. Gel electrophoresis, one of the most common laboratory techniques in molecular biology, has a wide range of applications in the life sciences. As such, we chose it as a platform to expose high school and undergraduate students to the active process of scientific inquiry in general, while specifically teaching electrophoresis. First, we optimized DNA electrophoresis in the laboratory by using common beverages instead of standard media (e.g., Tris-based media). Second, we adapted this laboratory process of progressive optimization to a Web-based format in which students had to achieve all the same steps of optimization by performing serial electrophoreses. And third, we evaluated the use of this entirely Web-based virtual laboratory exercise in high school and undergraduate biology courses. Students learned fundamental and practical principles of electrophoresis, while experiencing the essential inquiry-based process of optimizing a technique, and they also enjoyed it. Our findings provide a readily accessible, inexpensive, and intriguing technique for teaching electrophoresis and the progressive optimization of a laboratory technique.

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Righetti, Pier Giorgio, Annalisa Castagna, Ben Herbert, and Giovanni Candiano. "How to Bring the “Unseen” Proteome to the Limelight via Electrophoretic Pre-Fractionation Techniques." Bioscience Reports 25, no. 1-2 (February 4, 2005): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2844-2.

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The present review reports a panoply of electrophoretic methods as pre-fractionation tools in proteomic investigations in preparation for mass spectrometry or two-dimensional electrophoresis map analysis. Such electrophoretic pre-fractionation protocols include all those electrokinetic methodologies which are performed in free solution, most of them relying on isoelectric focusing steps (although some approaches based on gels and granulated media are also discussed). Devices associated with electrophoretic separations are multi-chamber apparatuses, such as the multi-compartment electrolyzers equipped with either isoelectric membranes or with isoelectric beads, Off-Gel electrophoresis in a multi-cup device and the Rotofor, an instrument also based on a multi-chamber system but exploiting the conventional technique of carrier-ampholyte-focusing. Other free-flow systems, as well as miniaturized chambers, are also described.

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Joutovsky, Alla, Joan Hadzi-Nesic, and Michael A. Nardi. "HPLC Retention Time as a Diagnostic Tool for Hemoglobin Variants and Hemoglobinopathies: A Study of 60000 Samples in a Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.034991.

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Abstract Background: Previous evaluations of HPLC as a tool for detection of hemoglobin variants have done so within newborn-screening programs and/or by use of stored samples. We describe a 32-month prospective study in a clinical diagnostic laboratory in which we evaluated the imprecision of HPLC retention times and determined the retention times for hemoglobin variants seen in a multiethnic setting. Methods: We analyzed all samples on the Bio-Rad Variant II HPLC system. For normal hemoglobin fractions and hemoglobin variants, we recorded and analyzed their retention times, their proportion of the total hemoglobin (%), and the peak characteristics. We compared the imprecision of retention time with the imprecision of retention time normalized to the retention time of hemoglobin A0 (HbA0) and to the retention time of HbA2. Alkaline and acid hemoglobin electrophoresis, and in certain cases globin chain electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and DNA analysis, were performed to document the identities of the hemoglobin variants. Results: The mean (SD) imprecision (CV) of the retention time was 1.0 (0.7)% with no statistical difference compared with the imprecision for normalized retention times. Among 60293 samples tested, we encountered 34 unique hemoglobin variants and 2 tetramers. Eighteen variants and 2 tetramers could be identified solely by retention time and 3 variants by retention time and proportion of total hemoglobin. Four variants could be identified by retention time and peak characteristics and eight variants by retention time and electrophoretic mobility. One variant (HbNew York) was missed on HPLC. Retention time on HPLC was superior to electrophoresis for the differentiation and identification of six members of the HbJ family, four members of the HbD family, and three variants with electrophoretic mobilities identical or similar to that of HbC. Six variants with electrophoretic mobilities identical or similar to that of HbS could be differentiated and identified by retention time and proportion of total hemoglobin. HPLC detected two variants (HbTy Gard and HbTwin Peaks) missed on electrophoresis. Conclusions: The retention time on HPLC is reliable, reproducible, and in many cases superior to conventional hemoglobin electrophoresis for the detection and identification of hemoglobin variants. Confirmatory testing by electrophoresis can be eliminated in the majority of cases by use of retention time, proportion of total hemoglobin, and peak characteristics of HPLC.

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Keh, Huan J., Kuo D. Horng, and Jimmy Kuo. "Boundary effects on electrophoresis of colloidal cylinders." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 231 (October 1991): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112091003373.

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An exact analytical study is presented for the electrophoresis of an infinite insulating cylinder in the proximity of an infinite plane wall parallel to its axis. The electric field is exerted perpendicular to the particle axis in two fundamental cases: normal to a conducting plane and parallel to a non-conducting wall. The electrical double layers adjacent to solid surfaces are assumed to be thin with respect to the particle radius and the gap thickness between surfaces. The two-dimensional electrostatic and hydrodynamic governing equations are solved in the quasi-steady limit using bipolar coordinates and the typical electric-field-line, equipotential-line and streamline patterns are exhibited. Corrections to Smoluchowski's equation for the electrophoretic velocities of the particle are determined in simple closed forms as a function of λ, the ratio of particle radius to distance of the particle axis from the wall. Interestingly, the electrophoretic mobility of the cylinder in the direction parallel to a dielectric plane increases monotonically as the particle approaches the wall and becomes infinity when the particle touches the wall. For the motion of a cylinder normal to a conducting plane, the presence of the wall causes a reduction in the electrophoretic velocity, which goes to zero as λ → 1. It is found that boundary effects on the electrophoresis of a cylinder are much stronger than for a sphere at the same value of λ. The boundary effects on the particle mobility and on the fluid flow pattern in electrophoresis differ significantly from those of the corresponding sedimentation problem with which comparisons are made.

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Chianese, Lina, Rosalba Mauriello, Luigi Moio, Nunziatina Intorcia, and Francesco Addeo. "Determination of ovine casein heterogeneity using gel electrophoresis and immunochemical techniques." Journal of Dairy Research 59, no. 1 (February 1992): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900030223.

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SummaryDiscontinuous PAGE at alkaline and acid pH, polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, two dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting have been used to study the heterogeneity of sheep caseins. Three main phenotypes were selected either because of mobility at alkaline and acid pH of the individual αs components or because of their relative intensity. On electrophoresis at alkaline pH, one phenotype showed two distinct bands of lower electrophoretic mobility than β,- and β2-caseins. A detailed study of these components using immunospecific detection with β-casein antiserum showed that these minor components of ovine casein may have a polypeptide chain similar to that of β1- and β2-caseins. Complete electrophoretic patterns of the casein components in some individual milks are also presented.

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LaFramboise, W. A., M. J. Daood, R. D. Guthrie, G. S. Butler-Browne, R. G. Whalen, and M. Ontell. "Myosin isoforms in neonatal rat extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, and soleus muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 259, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): L116—L122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1990.259.2.l116.

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The postnatal elimination of embryonic and neonatal myosin isoforms in the rat extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, and soleus muscles was compared using electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques. Electrophoresis of native myosin showed that neonatal bands were present in all three muscles on day 4 but were absent from the day 21 extensor digitorum longus muscle that exhibited its adult electrophoretic pattern. Mature electrophoretic banding patterns were present on days 60 and 125 in the diaphragm and soleus muscles, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that embryonic myosin heavy chain was present in all day 4 samples but absent by day 21. Quantitative evaluation determined that the rate of elimination of neonatal myosin heavy chain (MHCneo) was faster in the extensor digitorum longus muscle than in the diaphragm, with the soleus muscle having the slowest rate of elimination of this isoform. Embryonic myosin light chain was detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis through day 8 in each of the muscles. These data indicate that postnatal elimination of MHCneo is tissue specific and time dependent but not governed by either activity level or rostral-caudal position.

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Wheeler, Rachel D., Liqun Zhang, and Joanna Sheldon. "Large abnormal peak on capillary zone electrophoresis due to contrast agent." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, no. 5 (December 3, 2017): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217745896.

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Background Some iodinated radio-contrast media absorb ultraviolet light and can therefore be detected by capillary zone electrophoresis. If seen, these peaks are typically small with ‘quantifications’ of below 5 g/L. Here, we describe the detection of a large peak on capillary zone electrophoresis that was due to the radio-contrast agent, Omnipaque™. Methods Serum from a patient was analysed by capillary zone electrophoresis, and the IgG, IgA, IgM and total protein concentrations were measured. The serum sample was further analysed by gel electrophoresis and immunofixation. Results Capillary zone electrophoresis results for the serum sample showed a large peak with a concentration high enough to warrant urgent investigation. However, careful interpretation alongside the serum immunoglobulin concentrations and total protein concentration showed that the abnormal peak was a pseudoparaprotein rather than a monoclonal immunoglobulin. This was confirmed by analysis with gel electrophoresis and also serum immunofixation. The patient had had a CT angiogram with the radio-contrast agent Omnipaque™; addition of Omnipaque™ to a normal serum sample gave a peak with comparable mobility to the pseudoparaprotein in the patient’s serum. Conclusions Pseudoparaproteins can appear as a large band on capillary zone electrophoresis. This case highlights the importance of a laboratory process that detects significant electrophoretic abnormalities promptly and interprets them in the context of the immunoglobulin concentrations. This should avoid incorrect reporting of pseudoparaproteins which could result in the patient having unnecessary investigations.

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Hügle, M., G. Dame, O. Behrmann, R. Rietzel, D. Karthe, F. T. Hufert, and G. A. Urban. "A lab-on-a-chip for preconcentration of bacteria and nucleic acid extraction." RSC Advances 8, no. 36 (2018): 20124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02177e.

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Del Bonis-O'Donnell, Jackson Travis, Deborah K. Fygenson, and Sumita Pennathur. "Fluorescent silver nanocluster DNA probes for multiplexed detection using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis." Analyst 140, no. 5 (2015): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01735h.

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Proverbio, Daniela, Roberta Perego, Luciana Baggiani, Giuliano Ravasio, Daniela Giambellini, and Eva Spada. "Serum Protein Gel Agarose Electrophoresis in Captive Tigers." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040716.

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Given the endangered status of tigers (Panthera tigris), the health of each individual is important and any data on blood chemistry values can provide valuable information alongside the assessment of physical condition. The nature of tigers in the wild makes it is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living subjects, therefore the values obtained from captive tigers provide very useful data. Serum protein electrophoresis is a useful tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of a number of diseases. In this study, we evaluated agarose gel serum protein electrophoresis on samples from 11 healthy captive tigers. Serum electrophoresis on all 11 tiger samples successfully separated proteins into albumin, α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ globulin fractions as in other mammals. Electrophoretic patterns were comparable in all tigers. Mean± standard deviation or median and range values obtained for each protein fraction in healthy tigers were, respectively: 3.6 ± 0.2, 0.21 (0.2–0.23), 1.2 ± 0.2, 10.7 ± 0.2, 0.4 (0.3–0.6), 1.2 (1–1.8) gr/dL. The results of this preliminary study provide the first data on serum electrophoretic patterns in tigers and may be a useful diagnostic tool in the health assessment of this endangered species.

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Dondelinger, Robert M. "Electrophoresis." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-44.5.397.

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Melvin, Maureen, and J. N. Miller. "Electrophoresis." Analytica Chimica Acta 199 (1987): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)82850-0.

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Jorgenson, James W. "Electrophoresis." Analytical Chemistry 58, no. 7 (June 1986): 743A—760A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00298a001.

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Yukalo, V., L. Storozh, K. Datsyshyn, and O. Krupa. "ELECTROPHORETIC SYSTEMS FOR PREPARATIVE FRACTIONATION OF PROTEIN PRECURSORS OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES FROM COW’S MILK." Food Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (July 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/fst.v12i2.932.

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The article considers the possibility of obtaining purified fractions-precursors of bioactive peptides from milk proteins by the method of preparative electrophoresis. To choose an electrophoretic system, a comparative study has been carried out of four methods of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel that are used to analyse milk proteins (disc-electrophoresis without disaggregating agents, and disc-electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate in homogeneous and gradient gel, and electrophoresis in homogeneous gel with urea). Electrophoresis of the total milk protein has shown that none of these systems allows separating effectively all protein precursors of bioactive peptides. The next stage was obtaining two main groups of milk proteins – caseins and serum proteins for electrophoretic fractionation. With the help of analytical electrophoresis, it has been established that each of the obtained groups had a typical proteins composition. Then, the proteins groups obtained were fractionated by preparative electrophoresis using the four electrophoretic systems listed above. In this case, the casein proteins that differ in the primary structure (αS1-, αS2-, β-, and ϰ-caseins) can be effectively separated by preparative electrophoresis on the basis of a homogeneous gel system in the presence of urea. The composition of this electrophoretic system was simplified. Unlike the analytical variant of a homogeneous polyacrylamide gel system, the toxic 2-mercaptoethanol was excluded, and the urea concentration was reduced. For the fractionation of serum proteins, a disc-electrophoresis without disaggregating agents can be used as a basis. It allows obtaining the main precursors of bioactive peptides from milk serum proteins: β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulins. The protein precursors obtained by preparative electrophoresis were used to develop the biotechnology of obtaining bioactive phosphopeptides and inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme.

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"Analysis of serum proteins by agarose gel and capillary electro phoresis." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 26, no. 3 (September 2013): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12923/j.2084-980x/26.3/a.05.

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Electrophoresis is a basic technique used to identify disorders of blood serum protein fractions. Agarose gel is the most frequently used medium for routine protein separations. However, capillary electrophoresis seems to be an attractive alternative to gel electrophoresis. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of two systems (Sebia): Hydrasys designed for electrophoretic separations on agarose gel and Minicap for capillary electrophoresis. The purpose of study was to evaluate comparatively the concentrations of each serum protein fraction obtained by gel and capillary electrophoresis and to analyze the correlations between the results obtained by those two systems depending on the concentrations of each protein fraction. The study was carried out in the group of 98 patients, 46 females and 52 males. Despite slight quantitative differences in certain fractions obtained by both methods, capillary electrophoresis offers a fully automatic process of analysis, high speed and efficiency which proves that capillary electrophoresis is appropriate alternative to gel electrophoresis.

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Pretorius, Carel J. "Screening immunofixation should replace protein electrophoresis as the initial investigation of monoclonal gammopathy: Point." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 54, no. 6 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2015-0699.

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AbstractThe reliable detection of paraprotein in serum and urine is the primary purpose of electrophoretic procedures in clinical laboratories. Screening immunofixation electrophoresis (sIFE) employs a single application of antisera directed against heavy and light chains that facilitates the detection of paraproteins that migrate in the non-γ region or that are below the detection limit of protein electrophoresis. These paraproteins that are missed by routine electrophoresis occur in up to 27.3% of newly investigated and 13.6% of monitored patients. Small paraproteins missed by conventional electrophoretic techniques are clinically important in the diagnosis and monitoring of malignant plasma and B-cell disorders. The superior diagnostic performance of sIFE makes it suitable as the initial laboratory procedure to investigate paraproteins in complex serum and urine matrices.

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Wilk, Anna, Kinga Rośkowicz, and Włodzimierz Korohoda. "A new method for the preperative and analytical electrophoresis of cells." Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters 11, no. 4 (January 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11658-006-0046-y.

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AbstractIn this paper, a new method is described for the horizontal electrophoresis of cells on a density cushion under near-isopycnic conditions. When cell sedimentation is minimized, the electrophoresis of red blood cells (RBC) used as model cells within an anti-convective porous matrix (with pores over 300 μm in diameter) was capable of separating a mixture of human and chicken RBC according to their electrophoretic mobilities. Samples taken from the separated RBC bands show over 90% purity for each species. The simultaneous electrophoresis of several RBC samples carried out under identical conditions permitted the use of comparative data based on the electrophoretic mobility of cells which differ in their surface properties. We believe that this relatively simple system, in which cell sedimentation and convection are minimized, has the potential to be modified and adapted for the separation of other cell types/organelles.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrophoresis'

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