Dissertations / Theses: 'Electrophoresis'

1

Fu, Shilin. "Prediction of electrophoretic mobilities in capillary zone electrophoresis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31347.pdf.

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2

Vuorensola, Katariina. "Capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry in catecholamine studies." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/kemia/vk/vuorensola/.

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3

Baratuci, William Brian. "Counteracting flow electrophoresis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055352218.

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4

Zha, Wuyi. "Velocity-difference induced focusing in capillary electrophoresis and preparative capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/448.

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Velocity-difference induced focusing (V-DIF) with a dynamic pH junction in capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a sample with a pH different from that of the background electrolyte (BGE) was developed in our group, but the mechanism was not well understood. In this work, the mechanism of this focusing technique was first studied using an appropriate dye to monitor the pH of the BGE and the sample during the focusing process. A mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results. This technique was then applied to serotonin to improve the detection limit when CE was used with a UV absorption detector. It was also applied to focus amino acids, peptides, and proteins to improve the concentration sensitivity. It is found that the pKa rather than the pI of the analytes is the key criterion for selecting the pH for the sample and for the BGE to obtain the optimum focusing for these molecules. Since UV detection only provides migration time information, more structure information is obtained by using a photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometer (MS) for peak identification. Comparisons were made between the PDA detection and MS detection for aromatic amino acids with V-DIF using a dynamic pH junction. This V-DIF technique was then applied to non-aromatic amino acids with MS detection. It was used at low pH with positive ESI-MS detection and at high pH with negative ESI-MS ionization. The results of the two methods were compared and discussed. Finally, the preparative operation of continuous flow counterbalanced CE (FCCE) was studied. The effects of larger sample volumes and multiple capillary systems on improving the purification yield were investigated.

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5

Xu, Aoshuang. "Development in electrophoresis instrumentation for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of protein separation and application of capillary electrophoresis in micro-bioanalysis /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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6

Liang, Yufu. "Chiral Separation Using Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and Continuous Free Flow Electrophoresis (CFFE)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1067615432.

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7

McCormack, Kathleen Anne. "Capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11108.

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8

Yurdakul, Saruhan. "Electrophoresis of electrogenerated bubbles." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58542.

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The fundamental understanding of the interfacial charge on gas bubbles and the consequences of such charge are essential in understanding the behaviour of physicochemical systems involving liquid/gas and solid/liquid/gas interfaces. Such interfaces are involved in many industrial processes such as electrolytic gas evolution, particle flotation and bubble coalescence. The knowledge of such interfaces will aid mass transfer calculations. This thesis describes the application of a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) system to the measurement of bubble electrophoretic mobilities, giving a measure of adsorbed charge. Single bubbles were electrogenerated in surfactant-free electrolytes, characterised by bubble rise rates, and their behaviour investigated in an electric field applied parallel to the direction of rise, so that, depending on the field direction, an increase or a decrease in the rise velocities was obtained. This field orientation served to decouple the hydrodynamic and field-induced charge polarisation. The velocity measurements using LDA showed a large degree of scatter despite numerous modifications to the optics and the signal processing. This culminated in the belief that a double LDA system was necessary to optimise the reliability and accuracy of the technique. Measurements using a Kodak high speed camera and recording system showed that the bubbles were negatively charged over the pH range studied (3-11), as indicated by their migration towards the anode under the influence of an applied electric field, with mobilities showing a radius and field dependence, implying that the adsorbed charge at the gas/electrolyte interface was mobile and polarisable. Large mobilities (10-60 x 10"® m2 s"^ V"^) were observed in comparison with results from previous bubble electrophoresis experiments with lateral fields. This was explained in terms of the enhanced charge polarisation occurring in the parallel electric field to the rise vector. A qualitative explanation for the decoupling of the hydrodynamic and field-induced charge polarisation has also been provided. In a separate series of experiments, under sufficient field conditions to overcome buoyancy forces, rising bubbles were stopped and held stationary. It was shown by extrapolation that bubbles possessed an iso electric point between pH 2 and 3, being positively charged below pH 2 and negatively charged above pH 3, supporting the hypothesis that the preferential adsorption of OH /H+ ions gives rise to the net charge. A laser reflection technique was investigated to measure the thickness of a liquid film formed between a bubble and the planar gas/electrolyte interface when they are in close proximity of each other. Preliminary investigations on macroscopic soap films showed the technique to be suitable for studying film thinning rates, though further refinement is necessary to study microscopic transient films. Electrophoresis measurements using a high speed camera have shown that bubbles preferentially adsorbed OH-/H+ ions from the solution in the absence of surfactants. This charge resided on a highly mobile interface and could be polarised by the actions of the hydrodynamics and the electric field. The laser Doppler anemometer system requires further development to achieve more accurate bubble velocity profiles in order to detect the small changes that occur.

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9

Pálmarsdóttir, Sveinbjörg. "Procedures for sample clean-up and concentration in capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of drugs in biosamples." Lund : Dept. of Aanalytical Chemistry, University of Lund, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38045310.html.

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10

McKillop, Andrew G. "Ion mobilities in capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28235.

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The project has investigated the electrophoretic mobilities of sets of model compounds to determine the effects of size and shape on ion mobilities. Methods were developed for the analysis of compounds in order to quote accurate electrophoretic mobilities. Using the obtained electrophoretic mobilities mobility orders were correlated with structural properties.

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11

Koeble, Konrad. "Electrophoresis of megabase DNA molecules." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302890.

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12

Penn, Sharron Gaynor. "Chiral analysis by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241074.

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13

Sohn, Dosung. "Invertebrates analysis by capillary electrophoresis." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024340.

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14

McLeod, George Slater. "Development of capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectroscopy methods for application in food analysis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267331.

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15

Bohlin, Maria E. "Capillary electrophoresis of β2-glycoprotein I." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3826.

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16

Mironov, Gleb. "Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectrometry for Bioanalysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33004.

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Bioanalysis is a subdivision of analytical chemistry and deals with biological analytes such as metabolites, proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, virus particles and entire cells. The rationale of my thesis was to achieve two goals: (i) develop a set of ready to use methods (ii) which are capable providing exact concentrations of analytes as well as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of their interactions. To investigate interactions between biomolecules special conditions are required which do not interfere with the course if biomolecule interactions. Establishing these conditions and optimization of separation and detection parameters can be tedious and can take longer than actual analysis of samples. I developed a variety of Capillary Electrophoresis – Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS) methods suitable for bionalalysis. CE-MS establishes a new paradigm that separation methods together with MS detection can be used as comprehensive kinetic tools. Most previous attempts to use chromatography and electrophoresis for studying nucleic acid interactions were restricted to assuming slow or no equilibrium between reactants. Kinetic CE (KCE) shows that non-zero kinetics and structural dynamics must be taken into account when separation happens. KCE-MS could be a valuable supplement to IM-MS due to the separation of ions in solution according to their size-to-charge ratio. These methods allowed to reveal new facts about biomolecules and added novel data to the bank of the mankind knowledge. For the best of my knowledge, kinetic parameters for TG2 and thrombin G-quadruplex folding were reported for the first time. I developed a homogeneous method to determine kon, koff and Kd of fast and weak noncovalent interactions between multiple unlabeled ligands (small molecule drugs) and an oligosaccharide (α- or β-cyclodextrin) simultaneously in one capillary microreactor. It has been shown for the first time that KCE can be used to separate and detect the slowly interconverting open and closed conformations of human TG2. It allowed the first direct measurement of the Kd value for calcium binding. Sixteen new substrates were discovered for three aminotransferases (AAT, BCAT, and DAAT). In addition, Viral qCE showed a feasibility to analyse both the count of intact viral particles and sample nucleic acid contamination.

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Salimi-Moosavi, Mir Mohammad Hossein. "Capillary electrophoresis in pure nonaqueous solvents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24045.pdf.

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18

Zhang, Zheru. "Single cell analysis by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0012/NQ59703.pdf.

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19

Cui, Huanchun. "Nonlinear electrophoresis in networked microfluidic chips." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/h_cui_110207.pdf.

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20

Xin, Yao. "Electrokinetic Modeling of Free Solution Electrophoresis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/18.

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Modeling electrophoresis of peptides, proteins, DNA, blood cells and colloids is based on classical electrokinetic theory. The coupled field equations-Poisson, Navier-Stokes or Brinkman, and ion transport equations are solved numerically to calculate the electrophoretic mobilities. First, free solution electrophoretic mobility expressions are derived for weakly charged rigid bead arrays. Variables include the number of beads (N), their size (radius), charge, distribution (configuration), salt type, and salt concentration. We apply these mobility expressions to rings, rigid rods, and wormlike chain models and then apply the approach to the electrophoretic mobilities and translational diffusion constants of weakly charged peptides. It is shown that our bead model can predict the electrophoretic mobilities accurately. In order to make the method applicable at higher salt concentrations and/or to models consisting of larger sized subunits, account is taken of the finite size of the beads making up the model structure. For highly charged particles, it is also necessary to account for ion relaxation. This ion relaxation effect is accounted for by correcting "unrelaxed" mobilities on the basis of model size and average electrostatic surface, or "zeta" potential. With these corrections our model can be applied to the system with absolute electrophoretic mobilities exceeding approximately 0.20 cm2/kV sec and also models involving larger subunits. This includes bead models of duplex DNA. Along somewhat different lines, we have investigated the electrophoresis of colloidal particles with an inner hard core and an outer diffusive layer ("hairy" particles). An electrokinetic gel layer model of a spherical, highly charged colloid particle developed previously, is extended in several ways. The charge of the particle is assumed to arise from the deprotonation of acidic groups that are uniformly distributed over a portion (or all) of the gel layer. Free energy considerations coupled with Poisson-Boltzmann theory is used to calculate the change of the local pKa of the acidic groups depending on the local electrostatic environment. Based on the modeling of electrophoresis and viscosity, we predict that the thickness of the gel layer decreases as the salt concentration increases. And only the outermost portion of the gel layer is charged.

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21

Mangin, Catherine M. "Analysis of carrageenans using capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14043/.

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This thesis reports the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis of carrageenans, anionic polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds and widely used in the food industry for their gelling and thickening properties. The three main types, kappa, iota and lambda, differ in the number of sulfate groups and the presence or absence of a 3,6-anhydro bridge in the disaccharide residue repeat unit. CE separates analytes according to their charge to frictional coefficient ratios, therefore it is suitable to separate these biopolymers. In order to detect polysaccharides in CE, our approach consisted in derivatising the reducing ends of the saccharides by reductive arnination with a fluorophore, l-arninopyrene-3,6,8- trisulfonate (APTS). This allowed sensitive detection by laser induced fluorescence. Method development gave optimal conditions for separation using a polyvinyl alcohol coated capillary and a 25 mM ammonium acetate, pH 8.0 background electrolyte. The effects of changes of both instrumental parameters (temperature, injection mode, field strength) and, the composition of the BGE (concentration and pH) are reported, and explained in terms of the physical chemistry of the BGE and the biopolymers. The conditions of the derivatisation reaction were studied in order to minimise degradation due in particular to acid catalysis and to reduction of the reacting sites occurring in competition with derivatisation. Characterisation of the derivatised carrageenans by SEC-MALLS- RI was performed and showed that the extent of degradation occurring during the labelling reaction was a maximum of 40 % for kappa and 20 % for iota and lambda. The presence of the label APTS in excess and its reaction with the reagents during the labelling reaction produces peaks interfering with those from the carrageenan. A sample clean-up was therefore required before injection onto CEo A comparison was made of a range of clean-up procedures (centrifugation, dialysis, preparative SEC) to remove side products of the reaction and salts and to concentrate the carrageenans. Various seaweed extracts were analysed, including standards of carrageenans not available commercially. This study revealed that carrageenans are complex structures, and often occurring as hybrids between sUb-types. CE has the ability to characterise these hybrids, unlike spectroscopic methods which detect individual residues. When using actual food products, preliminary steps such as defatting and dialysis were found to be necessary to allow satisfactory detection of carrageenans. Finally the strategy for sample purification, derivatisation, clean-up and separation was successfully applied to additive mixtures used as raw materials in the food industry and to finished products (jelly, dairy products). CE has proved to be a fast and sensitive method to identify and provide semi-quantitative information on carrageenans present in such mixtures.

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22

Khaled, Maha Yehia. "Selectivity and detection in capillary electrophoresis." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164943/.

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23

Zhang, Junge Foley Joe Preston. "Quantitative biopharmaceutical applications of capillary electrophoresis /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3166.

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24

Khalifeh, Iman. "Determination of self association constant between bovine insulin molecules by capillary zone electrophoresis." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6155.

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an analytical technique that is very useful for investigating processes that modify the charge and mass of proteins and polypeptide pharmaceuticals. This report explores the ability of CE to determine the aggregation constant between insulin molecules. Bovine insulin is a polypeptide (Mw=5733, pI = 5.3) that has two α-amino groups (Gly and Phe) and one ε–amino group (Lys). Analysis of concentration dependence of electrophoretic mobility of insulin at different conditions yields the association constant for dimerization of insulin. The association constant estimates how tight the peptide molecules are associated. The association constant is a useful factor to evaluate the purity of a peptide or protein sample.

The association reaction of bovine insulin molecules was found to be favoured by temperature. The association constants were 7200 M -1, 8000 M -1, and 36000 M -1 at 15 oC, 25 oC and 35 oC, respectively. The interactions between the peptide molecules increase at higher temperature, resulting in stronger association. The association constant was estimated to be 3000 M -1in the presence of dioxane (5%, w/v %) at 25 oC. However, the interaction sites remain to be explored.

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25

Bowser, Michael T. "Dynamic complexation of solutes in capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34516.pdf.

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26

Gerhardt, Geoff C. "Square-wave voltammetry detection for capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/NQ43512.pdf.

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27

Shim, Jaesool. "Modeling and simulation of non linear electrophoresis." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/j_shim_121407.pdf.

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28

Schrader, Jeffrey A. "A doppler electrophoresis instrument for macromolecular characterizations." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040443/.

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29

Hosseini, Seyed Homayoun. "Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis development and application." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25614.

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30

Huang, Xingye. "Chiral separation of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11645/.

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Conventional capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods, with simple buffer solute, natural or derivatized cyclodextrin and organic additive in BGE, have been developed for a group of ten standard chiral pharmaceutical compounds representing different physiochemical properties and pharmaceutical activities. In this study, factors affecting chiral separation in CZE, including BGE pH value, ionic strength, chiral selector type, selector concentration and organic additives, were optimized. A maximum of eight standard compounds were separated by three different standard methods which were developed. The electrophoretic behaviours of the standard compounds observed were in good agreement with the literature. Partial filling technique (PFT) was studied as a complementary approach to conventional CZE methods for enantioseparation of standard compounds. Partial filling time, selector type and concentration were investigated; a maximum of seven standard compounds were separated by optimized filling time and three different chiral selectors. However, for five of the separated pharmaceuticals, the chiral resolutions achieved were much lower than those obtained from conventional CZE methods. Key observations from the experiment were supported by previous research. For the first time, glycidol was evaluated as a covalently bonded coating material on CE capillary for enantioseparation. Hyperbranched polyglycidol brushes were grown directly from Si/SiO2 surface via anionic ring-opening polymerization, using surface Si-OH groups as initiator. This grafting-form technique eliminated the need for initiator functionalized self-assembled monolayers on the surface, and the thickness and complexity of the hyperbranched polymer brushes could be well controlled in this process. Polyglycidol coating was established on the surface of glass slides and then adapted to CE capillary. Both fused silica capillary and etched capillary were used to examine the electrophoretic properties of polyglycidol coating. Chiral polyglycidol coating was compared with the standard CZE method developed and showed excellent chiral selectivity for standard compounds. Nine out of ten standard compounds were separated with poly-S-glycidol coated capillary, using simple buffer solute containing organic additive. Application of etched capillary further improved the enantioseparation resolution and peak efficiency for those standard compounds. Stability and coating regeneration ability were studied. Polyglycidol coating developed on CE capillary gradually lost its chiral selectivity after 50 30-min runs with acidic BGE. Coating regeneration on the remaining surface was difficult. The result indicated that glycidol isomer can be used as monomer for in situ polymerization in CE capillaries and the coating formed on the inner surface has potential chiral selectivity toward various pharmaceuticals, which is equal or better than traditional chiral CE.

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31

Li, Yin. "Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Metabolite Profiling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519419.

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32

Hsu, Pei-Chun (Lisa). "Capillary electrophoresis improving clinical measurement of clozapine." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2260.

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Schizophrenia is a mental disorder affecting approximately one percent of the population worldwide. The introduction of the second generation antipsychotic drug, atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, has demonstrated 80% reduction in suicide incident. This drug showed effectiveness in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia, however, high concentrations of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine in plasma exhibit the development of agranulocytosis, a possible lethal blood disorder. Therefore, constant therapeutic drug monitoring is important for patients who receive clozapine. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the current assay for clinical clozapine measurement. A different assay, the capillary electrophoresis (CE) was explored in this study. It was found the use of a background electrolyte (BGE) concentration of 60 mM, pH at 2.5, temperature at 22 ℃, voltage applied at 10 kV and sample injection at 23 kV for 1.5 seconds is the optimal condition for clozapine separation using a fused-silica capillary 75 μm in internal diameter (i.d.). The use of 75 μm (i.d.) fused-silica capillary not only permits a larger sample size, but also provided longer detection pathlength which increased the limit of detection for CE. One hundred and eight patients’ samples were analysed by CE and compared with HPLC results obtained from the Canterbury Health Laboratory. A linear regression line of 1.100 was obtained. Seven External Quality Control (EQC) samples were also analysed and compared to the HPLC results gained from the EQC program world wide. A linear regression line of 1.008 and 1.043 were obtained from clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine separation respectively. The developed CE method has shown to be a valid assay for clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine separation and a more cost effective method compared to HPLC.

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33

Stocking, Christopher Jon. "Capillary electrophoresis and its application to nephrology." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435912.

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34

Timp, Winston (Winston G. ). "Study of disposable microdevices for DNA electrophoresis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33175.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, September 2005.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [77]-[79]).
A study was undertaken to determine if a microfluidic chip, made of economical plastic materials, is feasible. The chip was designed to perform gel electrophoresis, specifically of DNA fragments for either sequencing or identification purposes. With a disposable version of such a chip, constraints on the gel type are relaxed and lifetime issues become nonexistent. Such a chip was created using polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) as the plastic material, with a cast molding process. The chip was subsequently sealed against a piece of PDMS, mounted on a glass slide for structural support. Fluidic and electrical interconnects were added to the chip. A polyacrylarnide solution was injected into the chip for use in DNA separations. The chip was then placed into an apparatus designed for laser induced fluorescence(LIF) detection. Several different samples were run on the chip, including polystyrene beads, organic dye molecules, and single tandem repeat (STR) allelic ladders. The chip demonstrated its electrophoretic efficiency, evincing a low, almost negligible amount of electroosmotic flow. The separation of the dye and DNA was accomplished with good fidelity, allowing for identification of the various substitutents of the loaded sample.
(cont.) The PDMS chip, though demonstrably efficient at DNA separation, needs work before it can move out of the prototype phase. Substantial work on the fluidic interconnection, as well as the basic plastic formulation is needed to move this idea forward. However, the chip is sufficient for a clear proof of the principle of disposable chips use in electrophoretic separations.
by Winston Timp.
S.M.

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35

Chan, Wai Hong Ronald. "Non-linear electrophoresis of ideally polarizable particles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92603.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 219-229).
This thesis investigates the non-linear regime of electrophoresis, in particular the variation of electrophoretic velocity with electric field at high field strengths. Known theoretical approaches to the problem accounting for ion steric effects, dielectric decrement effects and charge-induced thickening are consolidated, further developed and validated using numerical simulations. In doing so, the influences of the relative strengths of surface conductivity and bulk conductivity and of the relative importance of advection to diffusive transport in the electrolyte are both investigated. In addition, further light is shed on the dependence of electrophoretic mobility on the ionic and particle sizes, and on the relevant ionic diffusivities.
by Wai Hong Ronald Chan.
S.B.

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36

Yilmaz, Namik Kemal 1975. "A stain-free detection system for electrophoresis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44510.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references.
In this thesis, a novel stain free detection system for slab gel electrophoresis is examined. Currently, stained techniques are used to identify electrophoretic bands in gels. The stains utilized in these methods involve health risks since they are mutagenic. Also stains like EtBr are intercalating agents meaning they wedge themselves into the grooves of DNA and stay there. Since this includes a physical contact the stains remain in the DNA at the end of the experiment. This makes further use DNA very difficult. The stains need to be removed by chemical techniques which are timewise very costly. Also these operations are very inefficient, retrieve rates are very low which leads to waste of most of the analyte. The specific method we addressed aims to eliminate the use of any kind of stains and therefore inherently increase the end product efficiency. The method introduces the absorption method as the means of detection. The physical law governing the absorption technique is the Beer-Lambert Law. The Beer-Lambert Law defines the linear relation, which correlates absorption value to the analyte concentration, path length of the light and wavelength-dependent absorptivity coefficient. Although the proposed method is intended to apply to all kind of different analytes, to achieve primary goals and prove the feasibility of the method, as the first step detection of DNA molecules are targeted. Hence absorption pattern at a wavelength of 254 nm (which is characteristic absorption peak for DNA) is examined. After the method is proven to work robustly, it will be extended to all kind of different analytes. The unique approach used in the proposed detection system is the use of a scanning technique incorporated with absorption technique utilizing a high QE (Quantum efficiency) CCD camera as the detector. Experiments have been performed to determine the only unknown parameter -wavelength-dependent absorptivity coefficient a([gamma])- in the Beer-Lambert Law. The value of a([gamma]) is dependent on the wavelength and also on the transmission media. In our case wavelength of interest is 254 nm and the specific transmission media is agarose gel with 0.8% concentration. Each lane in the agarose gel is scanned under UV light and transmittance values at 254 nm are recorded as a function of position. The recorded data are processed to see the absorption pattern along the lane. The drop in the signal indicates the existence of a DNA band. Experiments have been performed on three different agarose gels, which are 4 mm thick, and with 0.8% concentration. The value of wavelength-dependent absorptivity coefficient a([gamma]) was determined within an error margin. The resolution of the method was found to be 4 ng/[mu]l.
by Namik Kemal Yilmaz.
S.M.

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37

Smith, Justin R. Ewing Andrew Graham. "Analysis of biogenic amine neurotransmitters with capillary electrophoresis." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4415/index.html.

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38

Malmström, David. "Nanoparticles in capillary electrophoresis : what are the benefits?" Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-147008.

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Capillary electrophoresis is a technique that separate compounds based on charge and size. During the last two decades capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) has gained in interest, become more robust to use and able to separate neutral analytes. The separation of neutral analytes was first achieved with packed columns, but several disadvantages can be obtained with a stationary phase and the method of packing capillaries. Therefore, pseudostationary phases became a good alternative. The risk of clogging, memory effects and lower efficiency could be minimized with pseudophases. However, since mass spectrometry has become the most important analytical detector, and play a key role in the search for biomarkers in clinical applications, it is important that CE can successfully be combined with MS. To obtain this hyphenation several types of interfaces for the vital ion source exist. In paper I an atmospheric pressure photoionization interface was investigated in order to accomplish an improved detection sensitivity. The knowledge attained with this type of interface could then be transferred to the one used in paper II, the electrospray ionization interface (ESI), where the use of a MS friendly nanoparticle based pseudostationary phase was investigated. Both studies showed that it is still possible to improve the separation technique and modify the ion source in order to improve the detection sensitivity for capillary electrophoresis hyphenated with mass spectrometry.

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39

Rodriguez, Francisco. "Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Studies of Sulfur Containing Compounds." TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/317.

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Up to this point in time, complex mixtures of tertiary sulfonium ions have been separated or analyzed employing conventional methods like HPLC or NMR procedures. In this thesis the researcher presents a new approach, the use of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) for the analysis of these types of ions as well as the closely related thiophenium ions. CZE offers an unprecedented advantage in that separations can be employed for speciation or quantitation of complex mixtures by using the appropriate standards or specific detectors. For the study, model sulfonium and thiophenium ions were used to determine the feasibility of the separation and to optimize conditions. Once conditions were established, a complex mixture of these ions isolated from a petroleum sample was analyzed. Furthermore, the chiral separation of sulfonium and thiophenium ions was explored using CZE. Again, it is for first time that CZE is used for the chiral analysis of these ions. The separation involves the use of a chiral resolving agent, in this case native or derivatized |3-cyclodextrins, added to the separation buffer. Differentiated interactions of the sulfonium ions with the cyclodextrin affords chiral recognition and thus separation. A final topic of study was the chiral analysis of O-methylated sulfoxides, (alkoxysulfonium ions) employing conditions analogous to those used for the chiral analysis of sulfonium ions.

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40

Gargaun, Ana. "Capillary Electrophoresis for Separation of Biomolecules and Viruses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35235.

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This thesis examines the use of capillary electrophoresis for the study of several biomolecules and their interactions and viruses. The first two experimental chapters focus on its utility for thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of molecules. Chapter one focuses on the use of non-equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM), to calculate the dissociation constant for the interaction between double stranded microRNA-122 and protein p19. NECEEM was used to calculate the rate constants (koff = 0.059 ± 0.013 s-1, kon = 0.0022 ± 0.0008 s-1M-1) and the dissociation constant between miR-122 and wild type p19 (Kd = 27 ± 9 nM). A new method was developed to calculate the rate constant koff, by using multiple electric fields; which resulted in a koff value of 0.072 ± 0.022 s-1. In chapter two, the dissociation constant, Kd, was determined between HIV trans-activation response element and nuclear protein TOE1. It was demonstrated that TOE1, more specifically peptides ER19 and ED35, were binding to TAR with Kd values of 4.08 ± 0.19 µM for ER19 and 7.43 ± 1.60 µM for ED35. The discovery of the peptides’ inhibitory action of viral replication at the transcription level is a significant step towards further elucidating mechanisms for host response to HIV-1 infection. The third chapter focuses on the use of capillary electrophoresis for studying vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and vaccinia virus (VV). A new method was developed for quantification of VSV, using dithiothreitol. Furthermore, CE was used to study the preservation of VSV by a previously selected aptamer construct (quadramer) during freeze-thaw cycles. It was found that the infectivity of quadramer and aptamer pool-protected virus was higher than pure virus after 60 freeze−thaw cycles. It was also found that adding quadramers to the virus without freezing (cycle 0) increased the virus infectivity by 30%. We also investigated the potency of a carbohydrate-based ice recrystallization inhibitor, N-octyl-D-gluconamide (NOGlc) for its ability to eliminate the cold chain and stabilize the potency of VV. Viral potency after storage at room temperature demonstrated that NOGlc conserved the infectivity of VV, during 40 days.

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41

Revermann, Tobias. "Methods and instrumentation for quantitative microchip capillary electrophoresis." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/57704.

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42

Oudhoff, Kathalijne Agatha. "Capillary electrophoresis for the characterization of synthetic polymers." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/72784.

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43

Rizvi, Syed Asad Ali. "Design of Novel Molecular Micelles for Capillary Electrophoresis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/5.

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The research presented in this dissertation involves the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel anionic and cationic chiral molecular micelles in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of diverse chiral compounds. Chapter 1 presents brief overview of the surfactants, micelle polymer, CE and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Chapter 2 describes the simultaneous enantioseparation of eight single chiral center â-blockers using two novel leucine and isoleucine based polymeric surfactants. The simultaneous enantioseparation of multichiral center bearing â-blockers, nadolol and labetalol is described in chapter 3. A synergistic approach, using a combination of polysodium N-undecenoxycarbonyl-L-isoleucinate (poly-L-SUCIL) and sulfated â-CD showed dramatic enantioseparation of four stereoisomers of nadolol. On the other hand for labetalol, enantiomeric separation remains unaffected using the dual chiral selector system. Chapter 4 deals with the enantiomeric separation of the binaphthyl derivatives that was found to be influenced by pH, type and concentration of the background electrolyte as well as concentration of the polymeric surfactant. In chapter 5, characterization of five alkenoxy leucine-based surfactants with variations in chain length (C8-C11), polymerization concentration and degree of polymerization showed significant effects on the chiral resolution and efficiency of hydrophobic â-blockers. The synthesis and characterization of two positively charged amino acid derived chiral ionic liquids (ILs) and their corresponding polymers is presented in chapter 6. Chiral separation of two acidic analyte (difficult to resolve with anionic micelles) can be achieved with both monomers and polymers of ILs. In chapter 7, the synthesis and detailed characterization of three pH independent amino acids derived (L-leucinol, L-isoleucinol and L-valinol) sulfated chiral polymeric surfactants is presented. These chiral sulfated surfactants are thoroughly characterized and the morphological behavior of polymeric sulfated surfactants is revealed using cryogenic high-resolution electron microscopy. The work clearly demonstrates for the first time the superiority of chiral separation in MEKC coupled to mass spectrometry at low pH. Finally, in chapter 8, six amino acid derived chiral surfactants with carboxylate and sulfate head groups were compared for enantioseparation of broad range of structurally diverse racemic compounds at neutral and basic pH conditions.

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44

Morabito, Brian Joseph. "Quantitating radiation induced DNA breaks by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16339.

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45

O'Neill, Alan Patrick. "High efficiency capillary electrophoresis on planar chip formats." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398028.

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46

Hsu, Lan-ting, and 許蘭婷. "Study of anomalous electrophoretic migration of dsDNA by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12285533790696382715.

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碩士
淡江大學
化學學系碩士班
98
In this thesis we have developed a Dextran-Capillary electrophoresis (Dextran-CE) based analytical method for the high resolution separation of dsDNA. In this way we are able to detect the minute difference in DNA electrophoretic migration behavior and furthermore to investigate the effect of DNA sequence on the DNA conformation. According to literatures, DNA sequence carrying A-tracks would result in bending conformation and cause anomalously slow electrophoretic migration behavior. On the other hand, DNA containing triplet repeat sequence “CNG” would have flexible conformation and thus shows anomalously rapid electrophoretic migration behavior. We plan to discover the other sequences which could lead to DNA anomalously rapid electrophoretic migration. Two restriction enzymes, Hae III and Alu I, were used to digest three plasmid DNAs, φx174, pBR322, and pACPm respectively, and every two of the subsequent six sets of restriction fragment samples were mixed to give 13 mixtures, which were then subjected to Dextran-CE separation experiments. The DNA base pair number (bp) and its corresponding measured electrophoretic mobility (μ) were plotted in the log(1/bp) versus log(μ) figure. Linear equations with correlation coefficients larger than 0.99 were obtained when we applied linear regression fittings to the data in different DNA size ranges. The DNA with electrophoretic mobility consisting with, larger than, or smaller than the linear prediction value was defined as normally, rapidly or slowly electrophoretic migrating DNA respectively. With the addition of different concentrations of ethidium bromide, various cations, or sacchrides into the CE run buffer and separation medium we were able to analyze their influences on the degree of DNA anomalous electrophoretic migration, to investigate the conformational change of DNA under different environments, and to discover the sequences which could induce the anomalous electrophoretic migration of DNA. According to the experimental results of the this thesis, we have inferred some DNA sequences which could possibly cause anomalous electrophoretic migration of DNA.

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47

Plenert, Matthew Lee. "Microsecond electrophoresis." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2620.

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48

Wang, Chin-Yu, and 王金玉. "analysis of three Oligosaccharides by Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Electrophoresis." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41093820546921843454.

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博士
國立交通大學
應用化學系
91
In this study, analysis of xylan-, chitosan- and chitin-oligosaccharides after acid hydrolysis or enzymatic digestion by capillary electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis. The selected derivatizing reagents were 3-aminonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid (3-ANDA), p-nitrobenzylhydroxyl- amine (PNB) and 9-aminopyrene-1,4,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS)。 The derivation conditions including concentration of 3-ANDA or acetic acid, reaction temperature, and time are discussed. The effects of pH value of buffer solution, concentration of TEA, and running temperature on the electrophoretic mobility of xylan oligomers are discussed. In addition, determination of xylan-oligosaccharides both by acid hydrolysis and enzymatic of xylan polysaccharides is presented. An improved procedure has been developed for the rapid derivatization of oligosaccharides produced by chitosanase digestion of chitosan polysaccharides with PNB. The derivation conditions including concentration of reagent, reaction temperature, and time are discussed. The effects of pH value and concentration of buffer solution on the electrophoretic mobility of chitosan oligomers are described. The chitosan-oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP) 1-16 were analyzed under the optimized separation conditions. Analyses of DP 1-6 chitin-oligomers both by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) were investigated. Chitin oligomers were derivatized with APTS at 37℃for sixteen hours (optimized conditions). The APTS-chitin oligosaccharides were analyzed using either an acidic citric acid/phosphate buffer or an alkaline borate buffer with CE method. The electrophoretic separation can be successfully separated in 45 seconds by using citric acid/phosphate/Brij35 buffer with PMMA microchip electrophoresis applied -600 V/cm electric field strength. Improved detection limit was achieved by using sample stacking method, modify microchannel surface by adding Brij35 surfactant and extending sample loading volume by creating simultaneously two injection channels on PMMA substrate. The detection limit of APTS-chitin monomer is 5.4 attomole can be obtained by using 2.0 mm sample loading length PMMA chip with microchip electrophoresis under the optimized separation conditions. Moreover, the specificity of enzyme digestion on chitin polysaccharides using the optimized microchip electrophoresis was demonstrated.

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49

Chen, Chi, and 陳奇. "A Study of Improved ElectrophoresisA Study of Improved Electrophoresis Detection System for DNA Detection." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27k88e.

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50

Wu, Wen-Yu, and 吳文瑜. "Flow Simulation of Electrophoresis." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51754661512241243850.

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碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系
86
Electrophoresis is a technology of the separation of different charged particles. Particles suspended in an electrolyte, under the influence of an applied electric field, tend to migrate toward the electrode which has oppositesign of the particle charge. Moving particles in the electrolyte are alsosubjected to drag force. So the terminal velocity of a particle is determinedby its charge-to-mass ratio. Time consuming of detection, large size of the capillary and limited efficiency are the major drawbacks of the traditional electrophoresis apparatus. The latest trend of the electrophoresis is to combine with MEMS technology, which minimizes the size of the capillary and saves the cost and time of detection. In this paper, the mathematical models of electrophoretic separation are reviewed to help the determination of theelectrophoretic parameters. The influence of bending capillary on theefficiency of electrophoretic separation is also investigated. It is shownthat the efficiency of separation is reduced by the presence of bending capillary.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electrophoresis'

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