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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrophoresi'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Surh, Linda C., Gary G. Shutler, and Robert G. Korneluk. "Simple, Rapid Detection of PCR Heteroduplexes in DNA Mutations and Polymorphisms." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.12.2142.

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Abstract Detection of nucleotide differences is fundamental among diverse procedures used to study DNA mutations and polymorphisms, whether for basic molecular research or for diagnosis of genetic disorders. Rapid and efficient analysis without radioactive, chemical, or enzymatic modification is currently possible when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are electrophoresed on small polyacrylamide gels (5.0 cm × 4.3 cm × 0.45 mm) and stained with silver. The PhastSystemmTM (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden) was initially developed for protein electrophoresis/isoelectric focusing (1) and involves horizontal electrophoresis with an automated staining unit. We have adapted this system to heteroduplex formation of nucleic acids to detect the most frequent mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), designated ΔF508 (2). This system offers the advantages and uniformity of semi-automated polyacrylamide electrophoresis in a DNA clinical laboratory and the convenience of precast polyacrylamide gels, rapid electrophoretic times (<30 min), and an automated developing chamber where picogram quantities of DNA can be reproducibly silver-stained. Because pre-packaged agarose buffer strips are used, one need not prepare buffer solutions.

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2

Manoussopoulos, I. N., E. Maiss, and M. Tsagris. "Native electrophoresis and Western blot analysis (NEWeB): a method for characterization of different forms of potyvirus particles and similar nucleoprotein complexes in extracts of infected plant tissues." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 2295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-9-2295.

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A combination of native electrophoresis and immunodetection (Western blot) was used for the characterization of nucleoprotein particles of the potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV). Virus particles were electrophoresed directly from plant extracts in agarose or mixed acrylamide–agarose gels under native conditions, blotted on nitrocellulose membranes, and characterized with the aid of a coat protein-specific antibody. Using this combined methodology, called NEWeB (native electrophoresis and Western blotting), we could show that a population of particles that differ in their electrophoretic mobility can be detected in extracts of Nicotiana benthamiana, that two different strains of PPV can be distinguished in double infections of the same plant and that virus particles from leaves contain detectable levels of helper component proteinase molecules. The potential of the NEWeB method for the study of structure and function of virus particles and similar nucleoprotein complexes in single and mixed infections is discussed.

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3

DelGaudio, John M., William R. Carroll, James J. Sciote, and Ramon M. Esclamado. "Atypical Myosin Heavy Chain in Rat Laryngeal Muscle." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 104, no. 3 (March 1995): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949510400310.

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The myosin content of rat posterior cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid muscles was described by means of histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electrophoretic techniques. Laryngeal muscles were dissected and frozen, together with other muscles (extraocular, diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus, and soleus) for comparative purposes, then sectioned serially and stained: 1) histochemically for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase reactivity and 2) immunohistochemically for myosin heavy chain (MHC) content with six different antibodies. Other portions of the muscle samples were electrophoresed by a glycerol sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique that separates the MHC protein into its specific isoforms. In electrophoretic comparison it limb muscles, the laryngeal muscles contained an additional MHC band we designated as type IIL (type II laryngeal) MHC. On histochemical and immunohistochemical staining, no fibers from the thyroarytenoid muscle and few fibers from the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle could be classified according to the standard fiber type categories established for limb muscles (types I, IIA, IIB, and IIX). These laryngeal muscle fibers appear to represent an atypical fiber type.

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4

Esser, K. A., M. O. Boluyt, and T. P. White. "Separation of cardiac myosin heavy chains by gradient SDS-PAGE." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): H659—H663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.3.h659.

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Separation of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains (MHCs) in cardiac ventricles of rats by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was accomplished and compared with the separation of myosin isozymes obtained with pyrophosphate gels. Whole muscle homogenates were electrophoresed on a 4–9% linear gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel for 3–4 h. MHC bands were identified by the migration distance relative to a MHC standard and immunoblot results with a monoclonal antibody to MHC. The MHC bands were further identified as alpha and beta based on the electrophoretic mobility of ventricular homogenates from hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats and ventricular and slow soleus skeletal muscle homogenates from control rats. The beta-MHC migrated faster than alpha-MHC, and laser densitometry revealed separate peaks when both MHCs were present. With homogenates containing MHC ranging from 0 to 100% alpha, the separation of MHCs with gradient SDS-PAGE correlated highly (r = 0.97) with separation of myosin isozymes by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. The SDS-PAGE technique reported herein is a quick, valid, and direct method for the identification and quantification of ventricular MHCs.

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5

Koel, M., and M. Vaher. "Electrophoretic mobilities in nonaqueos capillary electrophoresis." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Chemistry 53, no. 1 (2004): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/chem.2004.1.04.

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6

Sontag, Tuula, and Hannu Salovaara. "PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 57, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72203.

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The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) patterns of gliadins of 9 spring wheat cultivars (Apu, Drabant, Taava, Tapio, Ulla, Kadett, Luja, Ruso and Tähti) and of 5 winter wheat cultivars (Aura, Ilves, Linna, Nisu and Vakka) were determined. Most of the samples studied had specific gliadin PAGE patterns, indicating that electrophoregrams obtained with the procedure employed here can be used for identifying wheat cultivars grown in Finland. Only two cultivars, Taava and Ruso, which are close relatives, possessed similar PAGE patterns. The procedure uses a commercial vertical electrophoresis apparatus and thin gels. Up to 28 samples could be electrophoresed in three hours and analyzed after staining. The procedure can be applied in the identification of wheat cultivars currently grown in Finland.

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7

Zarubina, Anastasiya O., and Margarita Sergeevna Chernov'yants. "Aqueous and non-aqueous electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of a mixture of quinoline-2-thione and 8-mercaptoquinoline hydrochloride." Analytical Methods 10, no. 12 (2018): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay02875j.

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In this paper three variants of the electrophoretic method for the determination of thioamides, quinoline derivatives are given: aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and non-aqueous electrophoresis.

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8

Barbosa, J., D. Barrón, and E. Jiménez-Lozano. "Electrophoretic behaviour of quinolones in capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 839, no. 1-2 (April 1999): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00093-x.

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9

Sanz-Nebot, V., F. Benavente, I. Toro, and J. Barbosa. "Electrophoretic behavior of peptides in capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 921, no. 1 (June 2001): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00730-0.

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10

Sajjadi, Sayyed Hashem, Hossein Ahmadzadeh, and Elaheh K. Goharshadi. "Enhanced electrophoretic separation of proteins by tethered SiO2 nanoparticles in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel network." Analyst 145, no. 2 (2020): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01759c.

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Tethered nanoparticles (NPs) are able to improve the separation efficiency of proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) due to their capability of enhancing heat dissipation during electrophoresis and restriction of electrophoretic movement of NPs.

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11

Rosalki, S. B., and A. Y. Foo. "Incubation with neuraminidase and affinity electrophoresis with wheat-germ lectin compared for separating and quantifying alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.7.1198.

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Abstract Of 98 patients' specimens examined for alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane after incubation with neuraminidase, 50 showed only a single liver or bone isoenzyme staining band; in 15 of these, the tissue origin of the fraction could not be accurately identified from its electrophoretic location. In the remaining 48 specimens, both liver and bone fractions were identifiable, but in only 25 of these was the electrophoretic resolution sufficient to yield separate peaks on densitometry. In contrast, both liver and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were identified in 95 of the 98 specimens by affinity electrophoresis involving wheat-germ lectin, the detection of both fractions being in agreement with the results of sequential heat inactivation. The tissue origin of the enzyme bands was readily ascertainable from their consistent electrophoretic location in this medium, and in 89 of the specimens the isoenzyme fractions could be resolved into separate peaks on densitometry. We conclude that resolution of liver and bone alkaline phosphatase by incubation with neuraminidase followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis is greatly inferior to that obtained by wheat-germ lectin affinity electrophoresis.

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12

Bass, B. H., H. Armstrong, B. Weinshenker, G. C. Ebers, J. H. Noseworthy, and G. P. A. Rice. "Interpretation of Single Band Patterns in CSF Protein Electrophoresis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100027116.

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ABSTRACT:We have examined the diagnostic significance of finding one band in the immunoglobulin (IgG) region in spinal fluid protein electrophoresis. From January 1983 to January 1986, 855 consecutive CSF electrophoreses were performed on as many patients. A blinded observer identified a single band in the IgG region in 53 cases (6.2%). In only 14 patients (26%), were the clinical features ultimately felt to be due to clinically definite or possible multiple sclerosis (MS). The majority of patients with a single band had another neurological diagnosis (55%) or were neurologically normal (6%). Many of the neurological disorders in which a single band was found were not disorders in which an increased intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin or electrophoretic restriction would have been expected. A variety of conditions can produce a single band pattern. The significance of these patterns and the means by which they might be identified are described.

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13

Ohshima, Hiroyuki. "Transient Electrophoresis of A Cylindrical Colloidal Particle." Fluids 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7110342.

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We develop the theory of transient electrophoresis of a weakly charged, infinitely long cylindrical colloidal particle under an application of a transverse or tangential step electric field. Transient electrophoretic mobility approaches steady electrophoretic mobility with time. We derive closed-form expressions for the transient electrophoretic mobility of a cylinder without involving numerical inverse Laplace transformations and the corresponding time-dependent transient Henry functions. The transient electrophoretic mobility of an arbitrarily oriented cylinder is also derived. It is shown that in contrast to the case of steady electrophoresis, the transient Henry function of an arbitrarily oriented cylinder at a finite time is significantly smaller than that of a sphere with the same radius and mass density as the cylinder so that a cylinder requires a much longer time to reach its steady mobility than the corresponding sphere.

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14

Hassan, Sammer-ul. "Microchip Electrophoresis." Encyclopedia 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010006.

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Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) is a miniaturized form of capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a common technique to separate macromolecules such as nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins. This technique has become a routine method for DNA size fragmenting and separating protein mixtures in most laboratories around the world. The application of higher voltages in MCE achieves faster and efficient electrophoretic separations.

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15

Gabriel, Hancu, Tero-Vescan Amelia, Filip Cristina, and Rusu Aura. "Capillary Electrophoresis in the Analysis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0103.

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AbstractThe aim of this study to inventory the main electrophoretic methods for identification and quantitative determination of fatty acids from different biological matrices. Critical analysis of electrophoretic methods reported in the literature show that the determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids can be made by: capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using different detection systems such as ultraviolet diode array detection, laser induced fluorescence or mass – spectrometry. Capillary electrophoresis is a fast, low-cost technique used for polyunsaturated fatty acids analysis although their determination is mostly based on gas chromatography.

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16

Munro, Nicole J., Karen Snow, Jeffrey A. Kant, and James P. Landers. "Molecular Diagnostics on Microfabricated Electrophoretic Devices: From Slab Gel- to Capillary- to Microchip-based Assays for T- and B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.11.1906.

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Abstract Background: Current methods for molecular-based diagnosis of disease rely heavily on modern molecular biology techniques for interrogating the genome for aberrant DNA sequences. These techniques typically include amplification of the target DNA sequences followed by separation of the amplified fragments by slab gel electrophoresis. As a result of the labor-intensive, time-consuming nature of slab gel electrophoresis, alternative electrophoretic formats have been developed in the form of capillary electrophoresis and, more recently, multichannel microchip electrophoresis. Methods: Capillary electrophoresis was explored as an alternative to slab gel electrophoresis for the analysis of PCR-amplified products indicative of T- and B-cell malignancies as a means of defining the elements for silica microchip-based diagnosis. Capillary-based separations were replicated on electrophoretic microchips. Results: The microchip-based electrophoretic separation effectively resolved PCR-amplified fragments from the variable region of the T-cell receptor-γ gene (150–250 bp range) and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (80–140 bp range), yielding diagnostically relevant information regarding the presence of clonal DNA populations. Although hydroxyethylcellulose provided adequate separation power, the need for a coated microchannel for effective resolution necessitated additional preparative steps. In addition, preliminary data are shown indicating that polyvinylpyrrolidone may provide an adequate matrix without the need for microchannel coating. Conclusions: Separation of B- and T-cell gene rearrangement PCR products on microchips provides diagnostic information in dramatically reduced time (160 s vs 2.5 h) with no loss of diagnostic capacity when compared with current methodologies. As illustrated, this technology and methodology holds great potential for extrapolation to the abundance of similar molecular biology-based techniques.

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17

Barrón, Dolores, Eulalia Jiménez-Lozano, and José Barbosa. "Electrophoretic behaviour of zwitterionic compounds in capillary electrophoresis." Analytica Chimica Acta 415, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00884-9.

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18

Nordén, Bengt, Christer Elvingson, Mats Jonsson, and Björn Åkerman. "Microscopic behaviour of DNA during electrophoresis: electrophoretic orientation." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 24, no. 2 (May 1991): 103–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500003395.

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The study of the behaviour of DNA when subjected to electric fields poses several intriguing problems of fundamental physico-chemical importance. Electric field (Kerr effect) orientation of DNA in free solution as well as migration of DNA in gel electrophoresis are two well-established, but so far rather separate, research fields. Whereas the first one has been generally concerned with basic structural and dynamical properties of DNA (Charney, 1988), the second is closely related to techniques of molecular biology (for a review on DNA electrophoresis, see stellwagen 1987).

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19

Righetti, Pier Giorgio, Annalisa Castagna, Ben Herbert, and Giovanni Candiano. "How to Bring the “Unseen” Proteome to the Limelight via Electrophoretic Pre-Fractionation Techniques." Bioscience Reports 25, no. 1-2 (February 4, 2005): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2844-2.

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The present review reports a panoply of electrophoretic methods as pre-fractionation tools in proteomic investigations in preparation for mass spectrometry or two-dimensional electrophoresis map analysis. Such electrophoretic pre-fractionation protocols include all those electrokinetic methodologies which are performed in free solution, most of them relying on isoelectric focusing steps (although some approaches based on gels and granulated media are also discussed). Devices associated with electrophoretic separations are multi-chamber apparatuses, such as the multi-compartment electrolyzers equipped with either isoelectric membranes or with isoelectric beads, Off-Gel electrophoresis in a multi-cup device and the Rotofor, an instrument also based on a multi-chamber system but exploiting the conventional technique of carrier-ampholyte-focusing. Other free-flow systems, as well as miniaturized chambers, are also described.

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20

Kameyama, Tomomi, and Akinori Takasu. "Electrophoretic Vinyl Polymers Prepared via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Smart Coating on Metals." Key Engineering Materials 654 (July 2015): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.654.37.

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We found non-ionic polymer containing ester and sulfonyl group, poly (ester-sulfone), showed anode-selective electrophoresis under the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) condition. In this paper we investigated an electrophoretic behavior of vinyl porymer having sulfonyl group in the side chains and compared with the main chain type of poly (ester-sulfone). Herein, we synthesized new poly (methacrylate) containing pendent sulfone to investigate the electrophoretic behavior.

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21

Bahga, Supreet Singh, Romir Moza, and Mayank Khichar. "Theory of multi-species electrophoresis in the presence of surface conduction." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2186 (February 2016): 20150661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0661.

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Electrophoresis techniques are characterized by concentration disturbances (or waves) propagating under the effect of an electric field. These techniques are usually performed in microchannels where surface conduction through the electric double layer (EDL) at channel walls is negligible compared with bulk conduction. However, when electrophoresis techniques are integrated in nanochannels, shallow microchannels or charged porous media, surface conduction can alter bulk electrophoretic transport. The existing mathematical models for electrophoretic transport in multi-species electrolytes do not account for the competing effects of surface and bulk conduction. We present a mathematical model of multi-species electrophoretic transport incorporating the effects of surface conduction on bulk ion-transport and provide a methodology to derive analytical solutions using the method of characteristics. Based on the analytical solutions, we elucidate the propagation of nonlinear concentration waves, such as shock and rarefaction waves, and provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence. Our results show that the presence of surface conduction alters the propagation speed of nonlinear concentration waves and the composition of various zones. Importantly, we highlight the role of surface conduction in formation of additional shock and rarefaction waves which are otherwise not present in conventional electrophoresis.

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22

Férard, G. "Quantities and units for electrophoresis in the clinical laboratory." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 14, no. 1 (1992): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924692000014.

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Electrophoretic techniques have been developed and refined over decades, and are now widely used in clinical laboratories. For example, electrophoresis is routinely used to separate many different components, including proteins, lipoproteins, and isoenzymes. More recently, the applications of molecular biology in diagnosis have increased the use of electrophoresis to separate DNA components in the clinical laboratory. Various kinds of quantities are used for the description of separation procedures. It is the purpose of this document to provide manufacturers and users of electrophoretic techniques with a list of relevant quantities and units consistent with the International System of Units (SI) and standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

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23

HUSSAIN, A., W. BUSHUK, and S. T. ALI-KHAN. "FIELD PEA CULTTVAR IDENTIFICATION BY ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF COTYLEDON PROTEINS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-140.

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A procedure was developed for discrimination and identification of cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) on the basis of the electrophoretic patterns of the acetic acid soluble seed proteins. The electrophoresis is done on 7% polyacrylamide gels at pH 3.1 in aluminum lactate buffer.Key words: Pea, Pisum sativum L., cultivar identification, lactate PAGE, electrophoresis

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24

HUSSAIN, A., W. BUSHUK, H. RAMIREZ, and W. ROCA. "IDENTIFICATION OF CULTIVARS OF FORAGE LEGUME (Desmodium ovalifolium GUILL ET PERR.) BY THEIR ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-098.

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An electrophoretic procedure was developed for discriminating cultivars of Desmodium ovalifolium on the basis of patterns of partially purified seed proteins. Electrophoresis was done on uniform 15% polycrylamide gels in basic (8.9) pH. The method produced satisfactory discrimination of eight cultivars used in its initial evaluation.Key words: Forage legume, Desmodium ovalifolium Guill et Perr., cultivar identification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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25

Chianese, Lina, Rosalba Mauriello, Luigi Moio, Nunziatina Intorcia, and Francesco Addeo. "Determination of ovine casein heterogeneity using gel electrophoresis and immunochemical techniques." Journal of Dairy Research 59, no. 1 (February 1992): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900030223.

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SummaryDiscontinuous PAGE at alkaline and acid pH, polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, two dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting have been used to study the heterogeneity of sheep caseins. Three main phenotypes were selected either because of mobility at alkaline and acid pH of the individual αs components or because of their relative intensity. On electrophoresis at alkaline pH, one phenotype showed two distinct bands of lower electrophoretic mobility than β,- and β2-caseins. A detailed study of these components using immunospecific detection with β-casein antiserum showed that these minor components of ovine casein may have a polypeptide chain similar to that of β1- and β2-caseins. Complete electrophoretic patterns of the casein components in some individual milks are also presented.

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26

Hügle, M., G. Dame, O. Behrmann, R. Rietzel, D. Karthe, F. T. Hufert, and G. A. Urban. "A lab-on-a-chip for preconcentration of bacteria and nucleic acid extraction." RSC Advances 8, no. 36 (2018): 20124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02177e.

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27

Del Bonis-O'Donnell, Jackson Travis, Deborah K. Fygenson, and Sumita Pennathur. "Fluorescent silver nanocluster DNA probes for multiplexed detection using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis." Analyst 140, no. 5 (2015): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01735h.

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28

Barberis, Lucila Isabel, Alberto Jorge Eraso, Maria Cristina Pàjaro, and Inès Albesa. "Molecular weight determination and partial characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae hemolysins." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-161.

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Two thiol-activated Klebsiella pneumoniae hemolysins were purified from growth media by means of salt precipitation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The hemolysins peaks coincided with the protein and glycoprotein peaks as determined by chromatography and electrophoresis, The molecular weights, estimated by gel filtration, were 8400 and 19 000; by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the values were calculated as 15 500 and 27 000. The electrophoretic bands were best detected by the periodic acid–Schiff method. Reduction of the disulfide linkages did not cause the originally larger molecule to break into 8400 and 19 000 hemolysins. However, trypsin treatment cleaved the 19 000 hemolysin into an active moiety, with an electrophoretic migration similar to the 8400 hemolysin. A naturally occurring proteolytic activity was investigated using pepstatin and antipain. When the trypsin inhibitor was added to the system, the hemolytic activity was detected only in the 19 000 hemolysin and the smaller hemolysin was absent.

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29

Hill, Reghan J. "Hydrogel charge regulation and electrolyte ion-concentration perturbations in nanoparticle gel electrophoresis." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2184 (December 2015): 20150523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0523.

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Gel electrophoresis of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) is studied using an electrokinetic model that couples the ion conservation equations to the Poisson and fluid momentum equations, thus including the so-called polarization and relaxation processes. This model is therefore the charged gel electrophoresis analogue of the well-known O’Brien and White solution of the standard electrokinetic model for free-solution electrophoresis. Results are provided for the small NPs (size around 10 nm) to which gel electrophoresis is relevant, because particles must be small enough to permeate the gel: these include the particle drag coefficient (or Brownian diffusivity), which is subject to hydrodynamic screening and electroviscous effects, and the electrophoretic mobility, which is subject to nonlinear electrostatic and charge polarization influences. Also addressed are the influences of charge-regulating gels and the accompanying particle-induced immobile charge-density perturbations. Ion-concentration perturbations attenuate the electrophoretic mobility and enhance the drag coefficient according to the particle charge and the mobility of the most abundant counterion. However, dynamic regulation of the hydrogel charge—termed the secondary immobile charge-density perturbation—has a negligible influence on the particle mobility, and may therefore be neglected for most practical purposes.

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30

Yeroshenko, Bohdan, Wouter Wassing, Allard P. Mosk, and Sanli Faez. "Real-time Measurement of the Single Nanoparticle Electrophoretic Mobility." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921514002.

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The electrophoretic mobility of a single nanoparticle depends on its surface charge and its environment. Thus the change of the mobility can reflect the change in its chemical and physical properties. We present a high-bandwidth method to measure the electrophoretic mobility, based on optical tweezers and electrophoresis. We envision studying of nanoscale chemical processes as a possible application of this method.

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31

Qin, Jianhua, Yingsing Fung, and Bingcheng Lin. "DNA diagnosis by capillary electrophoresis and microfabricated electrophoretic devices." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 3, no. 3 (May 2003): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.3.3.387.

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32

Ciou, Sian-Jie, Kuan-Zong Fung, and Kai-Wei Chiang. "Behaviors and mechanism of electrolyte electrophoresis during electrophoretic deposition." Journal of Power Sources 175, no. 1 (January 2008): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.077.

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33

Barrón, D., A. Irles, and J. Barbosa. "Prediction of electrophoretic mobilities in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography A 871, no. 1-2 (February 2000): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00858-4.

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34

Smith, Cassandra L., Tomohiro Matsumoto, Osami Niwa, Stephanie Klco, Jian-Bin Fan, Mitsuhiro Yanagida, and Charles R. Cantor. "An electrophoretic karyotype forSchizosaccharomyces pombeby pulsed field gel electrophoresis." Nucleic Acids Research 15, no. 11 (1987): 4481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.11.4481.

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35

LaFramboise, W. A., M. J. Daood, R. D. Guthrie, G. S. Butler-Browne, R. G. Whalen, and M. Ontell. "Myosin isoforms in neonatal rat extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, and soleus muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 259, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): L116—L122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1990.259.2.l116.

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The postnatal elimination of embryonic and neonatal myosin isoforms in the rat extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, and soleus muscles was compared using electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques. Electrophoresis of native myosin showed that neonatal bands were present in all three muscles on day 4 but were absent from the day 21 extensor digitorum longus muscle that exhibited its adult electrophoretic pattern. Mature electrophoretic banding patterns were present on days 60 and 125 in the diaphragm and soleus muscles, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that embryonic myosin heavy chain was present in all day 4 samples but absent by day 21. Quantitative evaluation determined that the rate of elimination of neonatal myosin heavy chain (MHCneo) was faster in the extensor digitorum longus muscle than in the diaphragm, with the soleus muscle having the slowest rate of elimination of this isoform. Embryonic myosin light chain was detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis through day 8 in each of the muscles. These data indicate that postnatal elimination of MHCneo is tissue specific and time dependent but not governed by either activity level or rostral-caudal position.

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Czupryn, Marta, and Kazimierz Toczko. "Variety-specificity of soluble proteins of potato tubers." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 43, no. 4 (2015): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1974.047.

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Separation of soluble tuber proteins from six potato clones and twelve varieties cultivated in Poland has been accomplished by disc electrophoresis. It was found that electrophoretic pattern was unique for a given clone or variety. Data obtained confirm results of the other authors for the other varieties and indicate that electrophoretic analysis of potato tuber proteins can be a useful method for taxonomic studies. Such analysis however cannot be used for genetic research since no correlations were found between electrophoretic patterns and genetic origin of respective clones and varieties.

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Adams, M., TR Reardon, PR Baverstock, and CHS Watts. "Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. IV. The Molossidae (Chiroptera)." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 3 (1988): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880315.

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Allozyme electrophoresis of 35 loci in 156 specimens of Australian bats belonging to the Molossidae was used to help elucidate the species-level taxonomy of the group in Australia. The electrophoretic data support the current species-level taxonomy of Tadarida australis and Chaerephon jobensis. However, for specimens currently allocated to the genus Mormopterus, the electrophoretic data fail to support any previous species-level account. On the electrophoretic data, a minimum of five species of the genus Mormopterus occur in Australia. A single specimen of a sixth species, whose generic affinities are undetermined, was also found.

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Pauwels, Jochen, and Ann Schepdael. "Carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis." Open Chemistry 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0014-5.

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AbstractCarbon nanotubes are among the plethora of novel nanostructures developed since the 1980s. Nanotubes have attracted considerable interest by the scientific community thanks to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Research areas have flourished in recent years and now include the nano-electronic, (bio)sensor and analytical field along with many others. This review covers applications of carbon nanotubes in capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and microchip electrophoresis. First, carbon nanotubes and a range of electrophoretic techniques are briefly introduced and key references are mentioned. Next, a comprehensive survey of achievements in the field is presented and critically assessed. The merits and downsides of carbon nanotube addition to the various capillary electrophoretic modes are addressed. The different schemes for fabricating electrochromatographic stationary phases based on carbon nanotubes are discussed. Finally, some future perspectives are offered.

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Royer, John C., W. E. Hintz, R. W. Kerrigan, and P. A. Horgen. "Electrophoretic karyotype analysis of the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus." Genome 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-105.

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An efficient procedure is presented for the generation of protoplasts from shake flask cultures of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Orthogonal field electrophoresis (OFAGE) of high molecular weight DNA from lysed protoplasts resolved the genome of A. bisporus into at least 10 bands, ranging in size from 1.2 to 4 Mb. The illustrated electrophoretic karyotypes of two homokaryons were highly polymorphic. A heterokaryon of the two homokaryons contained a mixture of the two electrophoretic patterns, though the ratio of nuclear types was not equal. A number of RFLP and RAPD markers and the rDNA repeat have been localized to specific chromosomes. Based on ethidium bromide staining intensity and autoradiography, we have estimated the chromosome number of A. bisporus to be 13.Key words: Agaricus bisporus, orthogonal field electrophoresis, RFLP, rDNA.

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40

Joutovsky, Alla, Joan Hadzi-Nesic, and Michael A. Nardi. "HPLC Retention Time as a Diagnostic Tool for Hemoglobin Variants and Hemoglobinopathies: A Study of 60000 Samples in a Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.034991.

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Abstract Background: Previous evaluations of HPLC as a tool for detection of hemoglobin variants have done so within newborn-screening programs and/or by use of stored samples. We describe a 32-month prospective study in a clinical diagnostic laboratory in which we evaluated the imprecision of HPLC retention times and determined the retention times for hemoglobin variants seen in a multiethnic setting. Methods: We analyzed all samples on the Bio-Rad Variant II HPLC system. For normal hemoglobin fractions and hemoglobin variants, we recorded and analyzed their retention times, their proportion of the total hemoglobin (%), and the peak characteristics. We compared the imprecision of retention time with the imprecision of retention time normalized to the retention time of hemoglobin A0 (HbA0) and to the retention time of HbA2. Alkaline and acid hemoglobin electrophoresis, and in certain cases globin chain electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and DNA analysis, were performed to document the identities of the hemoglobin variants. Results: The mean (SD) imprecision (CV) of the retention time was 1.0 (0.7)% with no statistical difference compared with the imprecision for normalized retention times. Among 60293 samples tested, we encountered 34 unique hemoglobin variants and 2 tetramers. Eighteen variants and 2 tetramers could be identified solely by retention time and 3 variants by retention time and proportion of total hemoglobin. Four variants could be identified by retention time and peak characteristics and eight variants by retention time and electrophoretic mobility. One variant (HbNew York) was missed on HPLC. Retention time on HPLC was superior to electrophoresis for the differentiation and identification of six members of the HbJ family, four members of the HbD family, and three variants with electrophoretic mobilities identical or similar to that of HbC. Six variants with electrophoretic mobilities identical or similar to that of HbS could be differentiated and identified by retention time and proportion of total hemoglobin. HPLC detected two variants (HbTy Gard and HbTwin Peaks) missed on electrophoresis. Conclusions: The retention time on HPLC is reliable, reproducible, and in many cases superior to conventional hemoglobin electrophoresis for the detection and identification of hemoglobin variants. Confirmatory testing by electrophoresis can be eliminated in the majority of cases by use of retention time, proportion of total hemoglobin, and peak characteristics of HPLC.

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Bratu, Mihaela Mirela, Semaghiul Birghila, Horatiu Miresan, and Ticuta Negreanu Pirjol. "Electrophoretic Method For Edible Eggs Species Identification." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 9 (October 15, 2017): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.9.5806.

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The present paper describes a simple and efficient electrophoretic method to identify the species provenience of edible eggs in food products. The proteic pattern of egg yolk and egg white was described using polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis under denaturating conditions (PAGE-SDS) separately for the egg yolk and for the egg white proteins from five edible egg species, as follows: hen, goose, duck, turkey and quail. The molecular weight of each protein strip was calculated using a molecular weight standard curve. Separately, an electrophoretic protein pattern of all the mentioned samples was done using polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis under undenaturating conditions (native PAGE). The results show clearly distinct patterns in electrophoregrams resulted both in denaturating and undenaturating conditions for each species. These methods could be useful tools for egg species routine identification in various food industrial mixtures.

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Parent, Jean-Guy, Richard Hogue, and Alain Asselin. "Glycoproteins, enzymatic activities, and b proteins in intercellular fluid extracts from hypersensitive Nicotiana species infected with tobacco mosaic virus." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-123.

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Intercellular fluid b proteins from hypersensitive Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc and N. sylvestris Speg. and Comes infected with tobacco mosaic virus were compared by two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Except for missing bands b2, b6a, b6b, and b7b, the overall 2-D electrophoretic pattern of N. sylvestris intercellular fluid proteins was similar to the one observed with 'Xanthi-nc' tobacco. Intercellular proteins were also studied by chromatography on con-canavalin A. Glycoproteins corresponding to b6a and b7a proteins of N. tabacum and the [Formula: see text] analog of N. sylvestris were identified. These proteins are probably peroxidase isozymes, as peroxidase activities with the same electrophoretic mobility were detected after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No esterase activity was associated with any b protein band in gels. Esterase activities decreased upon virus infection, but accumulation of b proteins and peroxidase activities increased.

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Proverbio, Daniela, Roberta Perego, Luciana Baggiani, Giuliano Ravasio, Daniela Giambellini, and Eva Spada. "Serum Protein Gel Agarose Electrophoresis in Captive Tigers." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040716.

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Given the endangered status of tigers (Panthera tigris), the health of each individual is important and any data on blood chemistry values can provide valuable information alongside the assessment of physical condition. The nature of tigers in the wild makes it is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living subjects, therefore the values obtained from captive tigers provide very useful data. Serum protein electrophoresis is a useful tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of a number of diseases. In this study, we evaluated agarose gel serum protein electrophoresis on samples from 11 healthy captive tigers. Serum electrophoresis on all 11 tiger samples successfully separated proteins into albumin, α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ globulin fractions as in other mammals. Electrophoretic patterns were comparable in all tigers. Mean± standard deviation or median and range values obtained for each protein fraction in healthy tigers were, respectively: 3.6 ± 0.2, 0.21 (0.2–0.23), 1.2 ± 0.2, 10.7 ± 0.2, 0.4 (0.3–0.6), 1.2 (1–1.8) gr/dL. The results of this preliminary study provide the first data on serum electrophoretic patterns in tigers and may be a useful diagnostic tool in the health assessment of this endangered species.

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Hadrach, Safaa, and Imane Benazzouz. "Serum Protein Electrophoretic in Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2023 (March 2, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7985231.

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Serum protein electrophoresis is a simple, reliable, and specific method used for separation of serum proteins. This study consisted to detect, at pediatric cases, pathological profiles of serum proteins by capillary electrophoresis and interpret any anomalies. The study was performed on 81 sera collected from pediatric subjects admitted at the Abderrahim Harouchi Children’s Hospital in Casablanca. Study results revealed 72 specific pathological electrophoretic patterns for acute and chronic inflammatory response (35 children), hypogammaglobulinemia (3), polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (23), hypoalbuminemia (5), agammaglobulinemia (1), and other medical conditions (2). No cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and nephrotic syndrome by electrophoresis were highlighted. Serum protein electrophoresis in children is recommended as a diagnostic technique for increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis in acute, subacute, and chronic inflammatory diseases, liver disease, and cases of immunodeficiency.

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Wang, Zhulun, and Benjamin Chu. "Electrophoretic mobility and deformation of large DNA during gel electrophoresis." Physical Review Letters 63, no. 22 (November 27, 1989): 2528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.63.2528.

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POSCH, A., Z. CHEN, M. RAULFHEIMSOTH, and X. BAUR. "572 Electrophoretic characterization of latex allergens by two-dimensional electrophoresis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 97, no. 1 (January 1996): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(96)80790-1.

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Fonslow, Bryan R., and Michael T. Bowser. "Fast Electrophoretic Separation Optimization Using Gradient Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 9 (May 2008): 3182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac702367m.

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Akagi, Takanori, Yoshiteru Hamada, and Takanori Ichiki. "Electrophoretic Mobility of Mouse Leukocytes Evaluated Using Microcapillary Electrophoresis Chips." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 35, no. 2 (2010): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.35.259.

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Steiner, Frank, and Marc Hassel. "Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis: A versatile completion of electrophoretic separation techniques." Electrophoresis 21, no. 18 (December 2000): 3994–4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2683(200012)21:18<3994::aid-elps3994>3.0.co;2-t.

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50

Mircia, Eleonora, Gabriel Hancu, Aura Rusu, Adriana Cazacu, Teodora Balaci, and Ruxandra Soare. "Determination of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors by micellar electrokinetic chromatography." Acta Medica Marisiensis 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2016-0006.

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AbstractObjective: In this study we report the development of a simple, rapid and efficient capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin and simvastin.Methods: Capillary zone electrophoresis proved to be efficient for the simultaneous separation of atorvastatin and fluvastatin, but could not resolve the determination of lovastatin and simvastatin. The simultaneous separation of all four statins was achieved by applying a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method, after transforming lovastatin and simvastatin in β-hydroxyl acid forms through alkaline hydrolysis. The optimum electrophoretic conditions and analytical parameters were investigated and the analytical performances of the method were verified with regard to linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD and LOQ.Results: The optimum electrophoretic separation conditions were: 25 mM sodium tetraborate with 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate buffer electrolyte at pH 9.5, applied voltage + 25 kV, separation temperature 25 °C, injection pressure/time 50 mbar/1 minutes, UV detection at 230 nm. Using the optimized electrophoretic conditions we succeeded in the simultaneous determination of the four statins in approximately 3 minutes, the order of migration being: atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of the analytes in pharmaceutical tablets formulations.Conclusions: The capillary electrophoretic method developed in the present work proved to be suitable for the routine analysis of statins and can be adopted as quality control protocol in pharmaceutical analysis.

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