Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic traffic controls Research'

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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic traffic controls Research"

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Saad, Aldosary, Ahmed Shalaby, and Abdallah A. Mohamed. "Research on the internet of vehicles assisted traffic management systems for observing traffic density." Computers and Electrical Engineering 101 (July 2022): 108100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108100.

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Chen, Feng, Qi Zhang, Yuanhua Jia, and Jian Li. "Research of traffic flow multi-objectives intelligent control method for junction network." Telecommunication Systems 53, no. 1 (May 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-013-9679-0.

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Huang, Yung-Fa, Chuan-Bi Lin, Chien-Min Chung, and Ching-Mu Chen. "Research on QoS Classification of Network Encrypted Traffic Behavior Based on Machine Learning." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121376.

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In recent years, privacy awareness is concerned due to many Internet services have chosen to use encrypted agreements. In order to improve the quality of service (QoS), the network encrypted traffic behaviors are classified based on machine learning discussed in this paper. However, the traditional traffic classification methods, such as IP/ASN (Autonomous System Number) analysis, Port-based and deep packet inspection, etc., can classify traffic behavior, but cannot effectively handle encrypted traffic. Thus, this paper proposed a hybrid traffic classification (HTC) method based on machine learning and combined with IP/ASN analysis with deep packet inspection. Moreover, the majority voting method was also used to quickly classify different QoS traffic accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed HTC method can effectively classify different encrypted traffic. The classification accuracy can be further improved by 10% with majority voting as K = 13. Especially when the networking data are using the same protocol, the proposed HTC can effectively classify the traffic data with different behaviors with the differentiated services code point (DSCP) mark.
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Wu, Fei, Ting Li, Fucai Luo, Shulin Wu, and Chuanqi Xiao. "Intelligent Network Traffic Control Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 16 (January 14, 2022): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2022.16.73.

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This paper studies the problems of load balancing and flow control in data center network, and analyzes several common flow control schemes in data center intelligent network and their existing problems. On this basis, the network traffic control problem is modeled with the goal of deep reinforcement learning strategy optimization, and an intelligent network traffic control method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. At the same time, for the flow control order problem in deep reinforcement learning algorithm, a flow scheduling priority algorithm is proposed innovatively. According to the decision output, the corresponding flow control and control are carried out, so as to realize the load balance of the network. Finally, experiments show, the network traffic bandwidth loss rate of the proposed intelligent network traffic control method is low. Under the condition of random 60 traffic density, the average bisection bandwidth obtained by the proposed intelligent network traffic control method is 4.0mbps and the control error rate is 2.25%. The intelligent network traffic control method based on deep reinforcement learning has high practicability in the practical application process, and fully meets the research requirements.
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Bouktif, Salah, Abderraouf Cheniki, and Ali Ouni. "Traffic Signal Control Using Hybrid Action Space Deep Reinforcement Learning." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072302.

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Recent research works on intelligent traffic signal control (TSC) have been mainly focused on leveraging deep reinforcement learning (DRL) due to its proven capability and performance. DRL-based traffic signal control frameworks belong to either discrete or continuous controls. In discrete control, the DRL agent selects the appropriate traffic light phase from a finite set of phases. Whereas in continuous control approach, the agent decides the appropriate duration for each signal phase within a predetermined sequence of phases. Among the existing works, there are no prior approaches that propose a flexible framework combining both discrete and continuous DRL approaches in controlling traffic signal. Thus, our ultimate objective in this paper is to propose an approach capable of deciding simultaneously the proper phase and its associated duration. Our contribution resides in adapting a hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning that considers at the same time discrete and continuous decisions. Precisely, we customize a Parameterized Deep Q-Networks (P-DQN) architecture that permits a hierarchical decision-making process that primarily decides the traffic light next phases and secondly specifies its the associated timing. The evaluation results of our approach using Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) shows its out-performance over the benchmarks. The proposed framework is able to reduce the average queue length of vehicles and the average travel time by 22.20% and 5.78%, respectively, over the alternative DRL-based TSC systems.
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Zhengxing, Xiao, Jiang Qing, Nie Zhe, Wang Rujing, Zhang Zhengyong, Huang He, Sun Bingyu, Wang Liusan, and Wei Yuanyuan. "Research on intelligent traffic light control system based on dynamic Bayesian reasoning." Computers & Electrical Engineering 84 (June 2020): 106635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106635.

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Abunadi, Ibrahim, Amjad Rehman, Khalid Haseeb, Lorena Parra, and Jaime Lloret. "Traffic-Aware Secured Cooperative Framework for IoT-Based Smart Monitoring in Precision Agriculture." Sensors 22, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 6676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176676.

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In recent decades, networked smart devices and cutting-edge technology have been exploited in many applications for the improvement of agriculture. The deployment of smart sensors and intelligent farming techniques supports real-time information gathering for the agriculture sector and decreases the burden on farmers. Many solutions have been presented to automate the agriculture system using IoT networks; however, the identification of redundant data traffic is one of the most significant research problems. Additionally, farmers do not obtain the information they need in time, such as data on water pressure and soil conditions. Thus, these solutions consequently reduce the production rates and increase costs for farmers. Moreover, controlling all agricultural operations in a controlled manner should also be considered in developing intelligent solutions. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for a system that combines fog computing with smart farming and effectively controls network traffic. Firstly, the proposed framework efficiently monitors redundant information and avoids the inefficient use of communication bandwidth. It also controls the number of re-transmissions in the case of malicious actions and efficiently utilizes the network’s resources. Second, a trustworthy chain is built between agricultural sensors by utilizing the fog nodes to address security issues and increase reliability by preventing malicious communication. Through extensive simulation-based experiments, the proposed framework revealed an improved performance for energy efficiency, security, and network connectivity in comparison to other related works.
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Mohamed, Nazar Elfadil, and Intisar Ibrahim Radwan. "Traffic light control design approaches: a systematic literature review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp5355-5363.

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<span>To assess different approaches to traffic light control design, a systematic literature review was conducted, covering publications from 2006 to 2020. The review’s aim was to gather and examine all studies that looked at road traffic and congestion issues. As well, it aims to extract and analyze protruding techniques from selected research articles in order to provide researchers and practitioners with recommendations and solutions. The research approach has placed a strong emphasis on planning, performing the analysis, and reporting the results. According to the results of the study, there has yet to be developed a specific design that senses road traffic and provides intelligent solutions. Dynamic time intervals, learning capability, emergency priority management, and intelligent functionality are all missing from the conventional design approach. While learning skills in the adaptive self-organization strategy were missed. Nonetheless, the vast majority of intelligent design approach papers lacked intelligent fear tires and learning abilities.</span>
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Shi, Zhaolei, Nurbol Luktarhan, Yangyang Song, and Gaoqi Tian. "BFCN: A Novel Classification Method of Encrypted Traffic Based on BERT and CNN." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030516.

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With the speedy advancement of encryption technology and the exponential increase in applications, network traffic classification has become an increasingly important research topic. Existing methods for classifying encrypted traffic have certain limitations. For example, traditional approaches such as machine learning rely heavily on feature engineering, deep learning approaches are susceptible to the amount and distribution of labeled data, and pretrained models focus merely on the global traffic features while ignoring local features. To solve the above problem, we propose a BERT-based byte-level feature convolutional network (BFCN) model consisting of two novel modules. The first is a packet encoder module, in which we use the BERT pretrained encrypted traffic classification model to capture global traffic features through its attention mechanism; the second is a CNN module, which captures byte-level local features in the traffic through convolutional operations. The packet-level and byte-level features are concatenated as the traffic’s final representation, which can better represent encrypted traffic. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the publicly available ISCX-VPN dataset for the traffic service and application identification task, achieving F1 scores of 99.11% and 99.41%, respectively, on these two tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that our method further improves the performance of encrypted traffic classification.
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He, Shuilong, Yongliang Wang, Yuye Chen, Fei Xiao, Jucai Deng, and Enyong Xu. "Research on Safety Evaluation of Commercial Vehicle Driving Behavior Based on Data Mining Technology." Journal of Sensors 2021 (November 25, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9927348.

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The arrival of big data era of internet of vehicles promotes the rapid development of logistics industry, which also indirectly leads to the high traffic accident rate, resulting in huge casualties and property losses. Driving behavior is considered the most central factor leading to traffic accidents. Therefore, a scientific and effective method for evaluating the safety of commercial vehicle driving behavior is urgently needed. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation model of driving behavior security based on multimembership function is proposed, and entropy weight method (EWM), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm are integrated. Firstly, the evaluation system of commercial vehicle safety of driving behavior is established. Secondly, the weight vector of each evaluation index is determined by combining EW-AHP to eliminate the subjectivity of the traditional AHP algorithm. Then, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix is calculated based on the multimembership function and fuzzy mathematics theory, and the quantitative evaluation of driving behavior safety is realized based on the matrix. Finally, the real road vehicle driving data and driving behavior data are verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the model can accurately and reasonably evaluate the safety of driving behavior, which is of great significance to improve road traffic safety.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic traffic controls Research"

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Hernández, Salvador H. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of coordinated ramp meter controls /." CLICK HERE for online access:, 2003. http://www.udot.utah.gov/res/research/WebDesign/reports02.htm.

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Einhorn, Mark David. "An evaluation of the efficiency of self-organising versus fixed traffic signalling paradigms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20306.

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Stalmans, Etienne Raymond. "DNS traffic based classifiers for the automatic classification of botnet domains." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007739.

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Networks of maliciously compromised computers, known as botnets, consisting of thousands of hosts have emerged as a serious threat to Internet security in recent years. These compromised systems, under the control of an operator are used to steal data, distribute malware and spam, launch phishing attacks and in Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. The operators of these botnets use Command and Control (C2) servers to communicate with the members of the botnet and send commands. The communications channels between the C2 nodes and endpoints have employed numerous detection avoidance mechanisms to prevent the shutdown of the C2 servers. Two prevalent detection avoidance techniques used by current botnets are algorithmically generated domain names and DNS Fast-Flux. The use of these mechanisms can however be observed and used to create distinct signatures that in turn can be used to detect DNS domains being used for C2 operation. This report details research conducted into the implementation of three classes of classification techniques that exploit these signatures in order to accurately detect botnet traffic. The techniques described make use of the traffic from DNS query responses created when members of a botnet try to contact the C2 servers. Traffic observation and categorisation is passive from the perspective of the communicating nodes. The first set of classifiers explored employ frequency analysis to detect the algorithmically generated domain names used by botnets. These were found to have a high degree of accuracy with a low false positive rate. The characteristics of Fast-Flux domains are used in the second set of classifiers. It is shown that using these characteristics Fast-Flux domains can be accurately identified and differentiated from legitimate domains (such as Content Distribution Networks exhibit similar behaviour). The final set of classifiers use spatial autocorrelation to detect Fast-Flux domains based on the geographic distribution of the botnet C2 servers to which the detected domains resolve. It is shown that botnet C2 servers can be detected solely based on their geographic location. This technique is shown to clearly distinguish between malicious and legitimate domains. The implemented classifiers are lightweight and use existing network traffic to detect botnets and thus do not require major architectural changes to the network. The performance impact of implementing classification of DNS traffic is examined and it is shown that the performance impact is at an acceptable level.
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Howell, William Casey. "Simulation optimization of traffic light signal timings via perturbation analysis." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3779.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computation Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Glitz, Darian. "Benefits to signal timing optimization and ITS to corridor operations." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4520.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 173 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76).
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Hunter, Christopher Dickerson. "Guidelines for the successful implementation of transit signal priority on arterials /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10161.

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Lee, Chungwon. "Combined traffic signal control and traffic assignment : algorithms, implementation and numerical results /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Abdelfatah, Akmal Saad. "Time-dependent signal control and system optimal traffic assignment in congested vehicular traffic networks /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Chow, Andy Ho Fai. "Adaptive traffic control system : a study of strategies, computational speed and effect of prediction error /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202002%20CHOW.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-129). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Swanepoel, Charl. "Using vehicle activated signs as an integrated measure to improve road safety in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3745.

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Road safety is an aspect of major concern on road networks, not only on a local scale in South Africa, but also on a global scale. South Africa is experiencing an unacceptably high rate of fatal road traffic crashes and as a result has one of the highest per capita rate of road fatalities in the world. The Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 – 2020 was published in 2011 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to guide and assist countries with the improvement of road safety. The management of vehicle speeds is one of numerous important interventions identified in the Global Plan. The technical and economic feasibility of using a specific Road safety is an aspect of major concern on road networks, not only on a local scale in South Africa, but also on a global scale. South Africa is experiencing an unacceptably high rate of fatal road traffic crashes and as a result has one of the highest per capita rate of road fatalities in the world. The Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 – 2020 was published in 2011 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to guide and assist countries with the improvement of road safety. The management of vehicle speeds is one of numerous important interventions identified in the Global Plan. The technical and economic feasibility of using a specific technology, namely Vehicle Activated Signs (VAS), to contribute to the overall improvement of road safety on a national level in South Africa were investigated, with particular emphasis on the improvement of road safety through the reduction of fatal road traffic crashes. VAS are part of a range of measures that can be used to curb vehicle speeds, similar to conventional measures like speed cameras and traffic calming devices. VAS technology has seen limited use in South extrapolation of results from SCC’s VAS effectiveness study, and the application of these results to the South African road safety and road user statistics for the one year period March 2011 to March 2012. Key factors relating to speed and general driver obedience were also taken into consideration. It was established that the use of VAS would lead to a moderate reduction in the number of fatal road traffic crashes that occur annually, which in turn holds financial and socio-economic benefits for South Africa. A comparison of selected products available from two South African based electronic road sign manufacturing companies with conventional VAS was also carried out, focussing on product function, use and cost. It has been concluded that it would be technically and economically feasible to introduce VAS on the South African road network to improve the prevailing road safety situation.
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Books on the topic "Electronic traffic controls Research"

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Kitchener, Fred. Pavement monitoring and interface system to implement traffic signal timing plan changes for winter driving. Cheyenne: Wyoming Dept. of Transportation, 2000.

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Paselk, Theodore Alan. Automated vehicle delay estimation and motorist information at the U.S./Canadian Border: Final technical report, Research Project GC 8719, Task 41, Automated Motorist Information Detection System. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Washington State Transportation Commission in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1992.

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European Commisison. Directorate-General for Transport, ed. Emerald: Emerging RTD activities of relevance to ATM concept definition. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.

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Pushkin, Kachroo, ed. Incident management in intelligent transportation systems. Boston: Artech House, 1999.

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Yauch, Peter J. Traffic signal control equipment: State of the art. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1990.

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Mertz, Joachim. Ein mikroskopisches Verfahren zur verkehrsadaptiven Knotenpunktsteuerung mit Vorrang des öffentlichen Verkehrs. München: Technische Universität München, 2001.

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Staunton, Michael M. Traffic signals maintenance manual. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1985.

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Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. Road safety camera program. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2011.

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Eccles, Kimberly A. A history of the yellow and all-red intervals for traffic signals. Washington, D.C: The Institute, 2001.

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Fambro, Daniel B. Effects of the quality of traffic signal progression on delay. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electronic traffic controls Research"

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Yang, Tao, and Li Kang. "Research on Intelligent Traffic Control System Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm." In Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 575–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31507-7_91.

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Zhang, Junyou, Meng Jian, and Rui Tang. "The Research of Road Traffic Based on Floating Car Data." In Advanced Research on Electronic Commerce, Web Application, and Communication, 104–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20370-1_18.

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Feng, Hongxiang, Fancun Kong, and Yingjie Xiao. "Vessel Traffic Flow Forecasting Model Study Based on Support Vector Machine." In Advanced Research on Electronic Commerce, Web Application, and Communication, 446–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20367-1_72.

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Kamaruzzaman, Md, and Rafiqul Haque. "Design and Implementation of a Wireless Robot for Image Processing." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Mechatronic Systems and Intelligent Robotics, 323–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0137-5.ch013.

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Robotics has developed into a solid discipline of study that incorporates the background, knowledge, and creativity of mechanical, electronics, electrical, computer, industrial, and manufacturing engineering. The versatility of a robot can be translated into increased productivity, improved product quality, and decreased production costs in numerous ways. The robot can be wired or wireless, and can have a controller device. Radio frequency control system is one of the most efficient controls for a robot. Other than control, image processing is one of the important parts of robotics. Moreover, it also requires hardware for interfacing with the system for radio frequency control. It is one of the key technologies which can be used in defense, safety, intelligent transport system, and efficient management traffic. In recent years, there has been an increased scope for image processing in robotics. The main goal of this work is to show a system that solves the practical problem of identification of real scenes. All the simulations have used MAT LAB software.
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Kesavan, Ramesh, and Pushpa Jaculine J. "Smart IoT Meters for Smart Living." In Handbook of Research on Implementation and Deployment of IoT Projects in Smart Cities, 253–64. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9199-3.ch015.

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Smart cities and smart villages provide technology-based, sophisticated, and better lifestyles to their citizens. Smart cities include traffic control, transport management, managing spare resources like power and water, solid waste management, e-health monitoring, infrastructure management based on internet of things (IoT) technology. IoT is a technique that combines sensors, electronic devices, information and communication technology, and software for the social wellbeing of the common man. In recent years, many IoT-based smart devices, namely smart garbage bins, automatic parking system, smart electric meters, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) for water distribution, have been devised and used successfully in many cities. Mostly, smart meters are used in recording electric power and gas consumption.
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Wang, Shangbo. "Traffic State Prediction and Traffic Control Strategy for Intelligent Transportation Systems." In Intelligent Electronics and Circuits - Terahertz, IRS, and Beyond [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101675.

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The recent development of V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) and vehicle automation technologies have enabled the concept of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) to be tested and explored in practice. Traffic state prediction and control are two key modules for CAV systems. Traffic state prediction is important for CAVs because adaptive decisions, control strategies such as adjustment of traffic signals, turning left or right, stopping or accelerating and decision-making of vehicle motion rely on the completeness and accuracy of traffic data. For a given traffic state and input action, the future traffic states can be predicted via data-driven approaches such as deep learning models. RL (Reinforcement Learning) - based approaches gain the most popularity in developing optimum control and decision-making strategies because they can maximize the long-term award in a complex system via interaction with the environment. However, RL technique still has some drawbacks such as a slow convergence rate for high-dimensional states, etc., which need to be overcome in future research. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art solutions for traffic state prediction and traffic control strategies.
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Tay, Yen Pei, Vasaki Ponnusamy, and Lam Hong Lee. "Big Data in Telecommunications." In Handbook of Research on Trends and Future Directions in Big Data and Web Intelligence, 67–81. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8505-5.ch004.

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The meteoric rise of smart devices in dominating worldwide consumer electronics market complemented with data-hungry mobile applications and widely accessible heterogeneous networks e.g. 3G, 4G LTE and Wi-Fi, have elevated Mobile Internet from a ‘nice-to-have' to a mandatory feature on every mobile computing device. This has spurred serious data traffic congestion on mobile networks as a consequence. The nature of mobile network traffic today is more like little Data Tsunami, unpredictable in terms of time and location while pounding the access networks with waves of data streams. This chapter explains how Big Data analytics can be applied to understand the Device-Network-Application (DNA) dimensions in annotating mobile connectivity routine and how Simplify, a seamless network discovery solution developed at Nextwave Technology, can be extended to leverage crowd intelligence in predicting and collaboratively shaping mobile data traffic towards achieving real-time network congestion control. The chapter also presents the Big Data architecture hosted on Google Cloud Platform powering the backbone behind Simplify in realizing its intelligent traffic steering solution.
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Mahler, Julianne, and Priscilla M. Regan. "The Evolution of Web Governance in the Federal Government." In E-Government Research, 299–313. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-913-7.ch013.

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Over the last 10 years, federal agencies have undergone a major transformation in the way they manage programs and internal administration, in their relations with Congress, and in their dealings with clients and citizens. Agencies now work in electronic environments of e-mail, electronic documents and filings, intranets, and the Internet. This article seeks to describe and to account for the emergence of what is now being termed Web governance. Briefly, Web governance is concerned with the control of content and design for agency Web sites. We explore the evolution of the process by which Web governance decisions are being made government-wide and at individual federal agencies. We look to changing patterns of administrative process in order to help account for the emergence of controls, and we find evidence of the importance of networking and of disbursed, self-designing processes.
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Sargent, S. "Internet Motives Questionnaire." In Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements, 371–75. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-792-8.ch055.

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In the past decade, the growth of the Internet has been undeniable, affecting the way people communicate, interact, and gather information. According to a Nielsen survey conducted in 2002, more than 400 million people use the Internet demonstrating the swiftness with which this network of computers has changed the way we live and will continue to live. Communication researchers have recognized the importance of studying the Internet as a communication medium (Newhagen & Rafaeli, 1996), but the study of motivations and behaviors associated with Internet use has been limited. Much of the recent research looking at the motivations associated with Internet use has focused on the relationship between personality types and Internet use and usage. Researchers, for example, have found that those who are more satisfied with their outward, social life preferred to use the Internet for more instrumental purposes (i.e., information seeking) whereas those less satisfied with life, especially those who felt less valued in face-to-face interactions, used the Internet as a substitute for social interactions and to pass time (Papacharissi & Rubin, 2000). Similar interactions were found when externally oriented people (who believe their environment controls them, feel powerless) used the Internet for inclusion more than internally oriented people (Flaherty, Pearce, & Rubin, 1998). Several studies have demonstrated negative correlations between a leisure services factor (instant messaging and games) and neuroticism (Swickert, Hittner, Harris, & Herring, 2002) and neuroticism and “gathering product and brand information” and “learning, reference, and education” (Tuten & Bosnjak, 2001). Hamburger and Ben-Artzi’s (2000) study found that those scoring high on extraversion tended to prefer leisure services (sex websites, random surfing) and that those scoring high on neuroticism had a negative association with information services (work-related information, studies-related information.
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BinSubaih, Ahmed, Steve Maddock, and Daniela Romano. "Developing a Serious Game for Police Training." In Handbook of Research on Effective Electronic Gaming in Education, 451–77. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-808-6.ch026.

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The design of serious games based on sound learning and instructional principles is important to ensure learning is integrated in the ‘game-play’. However, the process of achieving this is not yet fully understood, and research is hampered by the lack of practical demonstrations of how effective instructional design is when used alongside game design. This chapter provides an example of a successful application of instructional design to the development process of a serious game for traffic accident investigators in the Dubai police force. We use the findings from an experiment conducted for 56 police officers to analyze how learning objects are affected by the instructional principles used. To conclude the chapter, we describe the implications of the use of serious games in the police force for policymakers, educators, and researchers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electronic traffic controls Research"

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Lin, Ziyan. "Research on video traffic control technology based on SDN." In 2015 Joint International Mechanical, Electronic and Information Technology Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jimet-15.2015.124.

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Tian, LingLing, and JunCheng Jiang. "Research on Traffic Accident Forecasting Based on Gray Model." In 4th International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccmcee-15.2015.15.

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Huang, Yihu, Yanan Yu, and Zhiqiang Guo. "Research on Intelligent Timing and Flow Regulation of Traffic Lights." In 2021 IEEE 5th Information Technology,Networking,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec52019.2021.9587309.

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Liu, Hongxia. "Exploration and Research on Intelligent Traffic Control System based on Cloud Computing." In 2014 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronic Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccset-14.2015.41.

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"Research on the Applications of Electronic Information Technology in Intelligent Traffic Light Signal Control." In 2017 International Conference on Computing, Communications and Automation. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/i3ca.2017.11.

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Yu, Bian. "Research on Regional Traffic Coordination Optimization Control Based on Game Theory." In 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2019.8729431.

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Wanhua, Luo, Kong Honggang, and Su Hongwei. "Research and application of data-driven intelligent traffic law enforcement system." In 2022 IEEE 6th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC ). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iaeac54830.2022.9929832.

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Wang, Jiangqun, Ning Cao, and Guozhong Yao. "Research on Model of Feasible Timing of Traffic Light for Intersection Control." In 2018 International Conference on Mechanical, Electronic, Control and Automation Engineering (MECAE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mecae-18.2018.58.

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Yang, Bowen, and Dong Liu. "Research on Network Traffic Identification based on Machine Learning and Deep Packet Inspection." In 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2019.8729153.

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Cao, Hongwang, and Jie Luo. "Research on VISSIM-MATLAB Integrated Traffic Simulation Platform Based on COM Interface Technology." In 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2019.8729156.

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Reports on the topic "Electronic traffic controls Research"

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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.

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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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