Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electronic sensors

Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic sensors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic sensors"

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Imam, Syed A., and M. R. Khan. "TGS Sensors in Electronic Nose for Multimedia Applications: A Practical Approach." Asia Pacific Business Review 3, no. 2 (July 2007): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097324700700300211.

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Multimedia systems are widely used in consumer electronics environments today, where humans can work and communicate through multi-sensory interfaces. Unfortunately smell detection and generation systems are not part of today's multimedia systems. In this paper, we propose an Electronic Nose based on TGS-822 sensors that can be used in a multimedia environment. TGS-822 sensor based electronic nose can detect a large number of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that have some smell and will have a significantly lower cost compared to the other detection systems. The results and the calibration graph obtained for three VOCs (i.e. ethanol, acetone and benzene) with varying concentration shows that TGS 822 sensor has the potential to become a reliable instrument and can be used in an electronic nose. Therefore, the accuracy and linearity of the obtained characteristics with higher sensitivity of the proposed electronic nose based on TGS-822 sensor for the detection and determination of volatile organic compounds defines its effectiveness in a multimedia environment.
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Ehrmann, Guido, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Electronic Textiles." Encyclopedia 1, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010013.

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Electronic textiles belong to the broader range of smart (or “intelligent”) textiles. Their “smartness” is enabled by embedded or added electronics and allows the sensing of defined parameters of their environment as well as actuating according to these sensor data. For this purpose, different sensors (e.g., temperature, strain, light sensors) and actuators (e.g., LEDs or mechanical actuators) are embedded and connected with a power supply, a data processor, and internal/external communication.
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Yang, Wen Xue, Zhe Chen, and Feng Yang. "A Survey of Sensor Technologies for Prognostics and Health Management of Electronic Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2229.

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Recently, the field of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for electronic products and systems has received increasing attention due to the potentialities to provide early warning of system failures, reduce life cycle costs, and forecast maintenance as needed. This paper introduces the sensors and their sensor technologies. The required attributes of sensors for the development for PHM of electronics are discussed. Finally, their trends in sensor systems are presented.
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Liu, Enze, Zhimin Cai, Yawei Ye, Mingyue Zhou, Hui Liao, and Ying Yi. "An Overview of Flexible Sensors: Development, Application, and Challenges." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020817.

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The emergence and advancement of flexible electronics have great potential to lead development trends in many fields, such as “smart electronic skin” and wearable electronics. By acting as intermediates to detect a variety of external stimuli or physiological parameters, flexible sensors are regarded as a core component of flexible electronic systems and have been extensively studied. Unlike conventional rigid sensors requiring costly instruments and complicated fabrication processes, flexible sensors can be manufactured by simple procedures with excellent production efficiency, reliable output performance, and superior adaptability to the irregular surface of the surroundings where they are applied. Here, recent studies on flexible sensors for sensing humidity and strain/pressure are outlined, emphasizing their sensory materials, working mechanisms, structures, fabrication methods, and particular applications. Furthermore, a conclusion, including future perspectives and a short overview of the market share in this field, is given for further advancing this field of research.
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Quelennec, Aurore, Éric Duchesne, Hélène Frémont, and Dominique Drouin. "Source Separation Using Sensor’s Frequency Response: Theory and Practice on Carbon Nanotubes Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153389.

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Nowadays, there is an increased demand in integrated sensors for electronic devices. Multi-functional sensors provide the same amount of data using fewer sensors. Carbon nanotubes are non-selectively sensitive to temperature, gas and strain. Thus, carbon nanotubes are perfect candidates to design multi-functional sensors. In our study, we are interested in a dual humidity-temperature sensor. Here, we present a novel method to differentiate at least two sources using the sensor’s frequency responses based on multiwall carbon nanotubes sensors. The experimental results demonstrate that there are temperature- or moisture-invariant frequencies of the impedance magnitude, and their values depend on the sensor’s geometry. The proposed measurement model shows that source-invariant frequencies of the phase can be also determined. In addition, the source separation method is generalized to other materials or sources enabling multi-functional sensors for environment monitoring.
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Hunter, Gary W., Philip G. Neudeck, Robert S. Okojie, Glenn M. Beheim, J. A. Powell, and Liangyu Chen. "An Overview of High-Temperature Electronics and Sensor Development at NASA Glenn Research Center." Journal of Turbomachinery 125, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1579508.

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This paper gives a brief overview of the status of high-temperature electronics and sensor development at NASA Glenn Research Center supported in part or in whole by the Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program. These activities contribute to the long-term development of an intelligent engine by providing information on engine conditions even in high temperature, harsh environments. The technology areas discussed are: 1) high-temperature electronics, 2) sensor technology development (pressure sensor and high-temperature electronic nose), 3) packaging of harsh environment devices and sensors, and 4) improved silicon carbide electronic materials. A description of the state-of-the-art and technology challenges is given for each area. It is concluded that the realization of a future intelligent engine depends on the development of both hardware and software including electronics and sensors to make smart components. When such smart components become available, an intelligent engine composed of smart components may become a reality.title
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Xiao, Yongjun, Chao Guo, Qingdong Zeng, Zenggang Xiong, Yunwang Ge, Wenqing Chen, Jun Wan, and Bo Wang. "Electret Nanogenerators for Self-Powered, Flexible Electronic Pianos." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 4142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084142.

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Traditional electronic pianos mostly adopt a gantry type and a large number of rigid keys, and most keyboard sensors of the electronic piano require additional power supply during playing, which poses certain challenges for portable electronic products. Here, we demonstrated a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)-based electret nanogenerator (ENG), and the output electrical performances of the ENG under different external pressures and frequencies were systematically characterized. At a fixed frequency of 4 Hz and force of 4 N with a matched load resistance of 200 MΩ, an output power density of 20.6 mW/cm2 could be achieved. Though the implementation of a signal processing circuit, ENG-based, self-powered pressure sensors have been demonstrated for self-powered, flexible electronic pianos. This work provides a new strategy for electret nanogenerators for self-powered sensor networks and portable electronics.
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Guo, Yixuan, and Gaoyang Liang. "Perceptual Feedback Mechanism Sensor Technology in e-Commerce IoT Application Research." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3840103.

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With the development of sensor technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the trend of miniaturization of sensors has prompted the inclusion of more sensors in IoT, and the perceptual feedback mechanism among these sensors has become particularly important, thus promoting the development of multiple sensor data fusion technologies. This paper deeply analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of sensory data and the new problems faced by the processing of sensory data under the new trend of IoT, deeply studies the acquisition, storage, and query of sensory data from the sensors of IoT in e-commerce, and proposes a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensory data by combining the sensory feedback mechanism of sensors, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements and maximally meets the massive. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensing data, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements to maximize the storage requirements of massive sensing data and achieve load-balanced data storage. In this paper, starting from the overall development of IoT in recent years, the weak link of intelligent information processing is reinforced based on the sensory feedback mechanism of sensor technology.
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Fares, Hoda, Yahya Abbass, Maurizio Valle, and Lucia Seminara. "Validation of Screen-Printed Electronic Skin Based on Piezoelectric Polymer Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041160.

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This paper proposes a validation method of the fabrication technology of a screen-printed electronic skin based on polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer sensors. This required researchers to insure, through non-direct sensor characterization, that printed sensors were working as expected. For that, we adapted an existing model to non-destructively extract sensor behavior in pure compression (i.e., the d33 piezocoefficient) by indentation tests over the skin surface. Different skin patches, designed to sensorize a glove and a prosthetic hand (11 skin patches, 104 sensors), have been tested. Reproducibility of the sensor response and its dependence upon sensor position on the fabrication substrate were examined, highlighting the drawbacks of employing large A3-sized substrates. The average value of d33 for all sensors was measured at incremental preloads (1–3 N). A systematic decrease has been checked for patches located at positions not affected by substrate shrinkage. In turn, sensor reproducibility and d33 adherence to literature values validated the e-skin fabrication technology. To extend the predictable behavior to all skin patches and thus increase the number of working sensors, the size of the fabrication substrate is to be decreased in future skin fabrication. The tests also demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method to characterize embedded sensors which are no more accessible for direct validation.
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Park, Young-Geun, Sangil Lee, and Jang-Ung Park. "Recent Progress in Wireless Sensors for Wearable Electronics." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204353.

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The development of wearable electronics has emphasized user-comfort, convenience, security, and improved medical functionality. Several previous research studies transformed various types of sensors into a wearable form to more closely monitor body signals and enable real-time, continuous sensing. In order to realize these wearable sensing platforms, it is essential to integrate wireless power supplies and data communication systems with the wearable sensors. This review article discusses recent progress in wireless technologies and various types of wearable sensors. Also, state-of-the-art research related to the application of wearable sensor systems with wireless functionality is discussed, including electronic skin, smart contact lenses, neural interfaces, and retinal prostheses. Current challenges and prospects of wireless sensor systems are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic sensors"

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Cavanaugh, Curtis. "AN ADAPTIVE ELECTRONIC INTERFACE FOR GAS SENSORS." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20020108-121219.

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CAVANAUGH, CURTIS C. An Adaptive Electronic Interface for Gas Sensors (Under the direction of H. Troy Nagle).This thesis focuses on the development of an adaptive electronic interface for gas sensors that are used in the NC State electronic nose. We present an adaptive electronic interface that allows for the accurate mapping of the sensor?s voltage output to sensor resistance profiles. The adaptive interface uses a linearized Wheatstone bridge in a constant current configuration. The balancing of the bridge and the adjustment of the subsequent gain stage is performed using programmable variable resistors. The programmable resistors are controlled by a LabVIEW® program. The same control program also determines and records all the resistor values in the interface circuit. The resistance of each sensor is accurately computed by LabVIEW® using the interface-circuit, resistor values, and the voltage output of the circuit. Compensating for sensor drift can be done in LabVIEW® by adjusting the programmable resistor values so that a zero-voltage output is produced during the reference cycle. By doing this zero adjustment between each ?sniff? of an odorant, the baseline drift can be minimized.A single channel of the adaptive electronic interface has been designed and tested. The interface can be calibrated so that it is 99% accurate when performing sensor resistance measurements.A new conducting polymer sensor chamber has also been designed and tested. The new radial flow sensor chamber was minimizes the dead volume in the chamber and also deliver the odorant to each sensor at the same time. Two operating modes were compared: continuous-flow and sniff-and-hold. Both modes gave good classification performance while testing four different coffee samples. Experimental testing indicates that sensor response is highly correlated with the sample flow rate. Future work to more fully characterize this correlation is recommended.

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Besrour, Marouen. "Wearable electronic sensors for vital sign monitoring." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29543.

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On propose dans ce mémoire un nouveau type de capteur pour la mesure des fonctions respiratoires et cardiaques à des fins médicales. Le système offre la possibilité de mesurer le rythme respiratoire et la profondeur de respiration et de transmettre les données vers une station locale pour une analyse plus poussé et un diagnostic. Le capteur proposé est basé sur une approche électromagnétique où on utilise deux antennes posées sur la cage thoracique du patient. Lorsque le patient inspire et expire l’air avec ses poumons, le diamètre de la cage thoracique de ce dernier va augmenter et par conséquent la distance entre les deux antennes aussi. Le système mesure l’écart relatif entre les deux pour extraire le rythme respiratoire. Le point clé du capteur est d’encoder le signal de respiration sous forme de différence de phase entre l’onde émise et l’onde reçue conférant au système une bonne immunité contre les bruits des signaux externes. Le design a été implémenté sur un PCB (46mm x 46mm) pour fournir une preuve de concept de la méthode proposée. Les tests ont été conduits sur trois sujets de deux sexes et d’âges distincts. Les données mesurées démontrent que le système fonctionne sur différentes morphologies physiques. Finalement, le capteur a été capable de recueillir avec grande précision le rythme respiratoire et même la fréquence cardiaque.
We propose in this project a wearable electronic Patch Radar sensor that can monitor respiration rate and respiration depth continuously in real-time and transmit data to a base station for analysis. The device relies on a two-antenna configuration. Both antennas are bent to the patient chest, and when the patient breathes, the mechanical movement of the chest wall changes the distance between them. The system measures the relative distance between the antennas to extract the respiration pattern. The key feature of the sensor is that it transduces respiration movements to phase shifts in RF wave signals which make it very robust against external interferences. The design was implemented on a PCB (46mm x 46mm) to demonstrate a proof of concept for the proposed device. The system was able to acquire respiration signals and even cardiac frequency. Experimental results are presented for three different subjects, an adult male and female and a child. The data gathered gives enough sensitivity and accuracy to state that the device can work with different physical morphologies.
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Zellers, Brian Andrew. "3D Printed Wearable Electronic Sensors with Microfluidics." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1575874880525156.

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Unander, Tomas. "System integration of electronic functionality in packaging application." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-14311.

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Sensor applications are becoming increasingly important as products are now being requested to be more and more intelligent and safe. As the costs involved in sensor technology decrease its usage will spread to new market segments including new areas with products that have never previously used such functionalities, including, wood fibre based products for packaging, hygiene or graphical use. Currently there is a significant interest in developing technology that will allow packages to become interactive and be integrated with digital services accessible on the Internet. In this thesis, the system integration of a hybrid RFID based sensor platform is presented. This proposed platform provides a trade-off between the communication performance and its compatibility with international standards and also includes flexibility in on‐package customization, including the type and number of sensors. In addition it combines the use of traditional silicon based electronics with printed electronics directly onto wood fibre based materials so as to enable the possibility of creating smart packages. Together with the system integration of the sensor platform, five printed moisture sensor concepts that are designed to work with the sensor platform are presented and characterized. Firstly, there is a moisture sensor that shows a good correlation to the moisture content of wood fibre based substrates. The second one involves a sensor that detects high relative humidity levels in the air and the third is an action activated energy cell that provides power when activated by moisture. The fourth one deals with two types of moisture sensors that utilize silver nano-particles in order to measure the relative humidity in the air. The final one is a printable touch sensitive sensor that is sensitive to the moisture contained in the hand. A concept of remote moisture sensing that utilizes ordinary low cost RFID tags has also been presented and characterized. The main focus is thus on system integration to, by combining silicon based electronics with printed electronics, find the most low cost solution with regards to flexibility, sensor functions and still meet the communication standards.
När efterfrågan på mer intelligenta och säkra produkter ökar så ökar även intresset för olika typer av sensorer. När kostnaden för dessa sensorer sjunker så kommer användandet av dessa att utökas till nya marknadssegment som tidigare inte använt denna typ av funktionalitet, som tillexempel pappersbaserade förpackningar, hygienartiklar och papper för grafiskttryck. Det är för närvarande ett stort intresse att utveckla tekniker som tillåter förpackningar att bli interaktiva och integrerade med olika digitala tjänster kopplade till Internet. I denna avhandling så presenteras systemintegrationen av en RFID baserad sensor plattform som tillhandahåller en avvägning mellan kommunikationsprestanda, kompabilitet med internationella standarder och kundanpassningsflexibilitet. Där man direkt på förpackningen kombinerar fördelarna med traditionell kiselbaserad elektronik med trycktelektronik för att kunna skapa intelligenta förpackningar. I avhandlingen presenteras och utvärderas även fem trycka fuktsensorer som är designade att kunna användas tillsammans med sensor plattformen. Den första sensorn mäter fukthalten i cellulosabaserade substrat. Den andra kan detektera höga fukthalter i luften. Den tredje, som aktiveras vid en händelse, producerar en elektrisk ström när den blir fuktig. Den fjärde sensorn använder sig av silverbaserade partiklar i nanostorlek för att mäta fukthalten i luften. Den femte sensorn är en beröringskänslig sensor som ger utslag av fukten i handen. Utöver dessa sensorer så utvärderas även ett koncept med en fuktsensor som kan läsas av på avstånd. Fokus är således att på system integrationsnivå, med hjälp av att kombinera kisel elektronik med tryckt elektronik, hitta den mest kostnadseffektiva lösningen med avseende på flexibilitet, sensor funktionalitet och att även kunna möta kommunikationsstandarderna.
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Elliott, Joanne Margaret. "Conducting polymer odour sensors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242764.

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Cooper, Christopher Robert. "Novel PET sensors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368518.

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Norman, D. C. C. "Interrogation of fibre optic sensors." Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8022/.

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The aim of the research work described in this thesis was to investigate the interrogation of fibre optic sensors using "off the shelf optical components and equipment developed mainly for the telecommunications industry. This provides a cost effective way of bringing fibre optic sensor systems to within the price range of their electro-mechanical counterparts. The research work focuses on the use of an arrayed waveguide grating, an acousto-optic tuneable filter and low-coherence interferometry to measure dynamic strain and displacement using fibre Bragg grating and interferometric sensors. Based on the intrinsic properties of arrayed waveguide gratings and acousto-optic tuneable filters used in conjunction with interferometry, fibre Bragg gratings and interferometric sensors a number of novel fibre optic sensor interrogation systems have been realised. Special single mode fibre, namely, high-birefringence fibre has been employed to implement a dual-beam interrogating interferometer. The first interrogation scheme is based on an optical channel monitor, which is an arrayed waveguide grating with integral photo-detectors providing a number of amplified electrical outputs. It is used to interrogate fibre Bragg grating and interferometric sensors. Using the properties of polarisation maintainability in high-birefringent fibre an interrogating interferometer was realised by winding a length of the fibre around a piezoelectric modulator generating a low-frequency carrier signal. The system was used to interrogate both fibre Bragg grating and interferometric sensors. Finally, the use of an acousto-optic tuneable filter is employed to interrogate fibre Bragg gratings. The device is used to generate a very high frequency carrier signal at the output of an optical interferometer.
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Chen, Si. "Electronic Sensors Based on Nanostructured Field-Effect Devices." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194015.

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Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics presents a giant market opportunity with profound societal impact. In particular, specific detection of DNA and protein markers can be essential for early diagnosis of e.g. cancer, cardiovascular disease, infections or allergies. Today, identification of these markers often requires extensive laboratory work and hence is expensive and time consuming. Current methods for recognition and detection of specific biomolecules are mostly optics based and thus impose severe limitations as to convenience, specificity, sensitivity, parallel processing and cost reduction. Electronic sensors based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors have been reported to be able to detect biomolecules with concentrations down to femtomolar (fM) level with high specificity. Although the reported capability needs further confirmation, the CMOS-compatible fabrication process of such sensors allows for low cost production and high density integration, which are favorable for POC applications. This thesis mainly focuses on the development of a multiplex detection platform based on silicon nanowire field-effect sensors integrated with a microfluidic system for liquid sample delivery. Extensive work was dedicated to developing a top-down fabrication process of the sensors as well as an effective passivation scheme. The operation mechanism and coupling efficiencies of different gate configurations were studied experimentally with the assistance of numerical simulation and equivalent circuits. Using pH sensing as a model system, large effort was devoted to identifying sources for false responses resulting from the instability of the inert-metal gate electrode. In addition, the drift mechanism of the sensor operating in electrolyte was addressed and a calibration model was proposed. Furthermore, protein detection experiments were performed using small-sized Affibody molecules as receptors on the gate insulator to tackle the Debye screening issue. Preliminary results showed that the directionality of the current changes in the sensors was in good agreement with the charge polarities of the proteins. Finally, a graphene-based capacitor was examined as an alternative to the nanowire device for field-effect ion sensing. Our initial attempts showed some attractive features of the capacitor sensor.
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Ioannides, Nicos. "Novel opto-electronic and plastic optical fibre sensors." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287610.

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The design and performance of a novel displacement sensor is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. This is an optical, extrinsic and differential sensor based on the inverse square law and is insensitive to source intensity variations. It can, in principle, be implemented using only opto-electronic components or it can incorporate optical fibres to allow for EMI free and remote operation. The sensor is implemented using Plastic Optical Fibres (POF) as these offer considerable advantages over glass fibres or glass fibre bundles. The sensor head consists of three POFs positioned side by side and displaced from each other parallel to the axis of the sensor head by a separation X, (mm). The middle POF is coupled to a red LED and emits light onto a flat target with the two outer fibres receiving the reflected light from the target and guiding it to two silicon PIN photodiodes. Theoretical investigations on the behaviour of the sensor are presented for ranges between 0 mm and 100 mm, and for targets with different reflectivities. Non-linearities in the form of a spike are shown to exist in the very short ranges resulting in a minimum operational range of about 15 nun Beyond this minimum range the sensor response is linear and depends on the reflectivity of the target, the accuracy of calibration between the two detectors, any offset voltage present in any of the detectors, possible errors on the detected signals and the X, separation which in principle can be used to scale the sensor. Experimental results obtained confirm the long and linear operational range of the sensor (between 15 mm and 90 mm for a mirror target and between 20 mm and 100 mm for a matt white paper target). Likely variations in the source light intensity do not affect the performance and accuracy of the sensor. Measurements performed with various X, separations verify the scalability feature of the sensor in that by increasing X, one can achieve longer operational ranges. Temperature variations up to 40 °c do not affect the linearity of response. Effects arising from angular misalignment of the target and! or the ends of the three POFs are also investigated and could be minimised by rotating the emitting POF. Matt white paper is concluded as the preferred type of target since it offers a longer linear operational range with less stringent alignment requirements as opposed to reflective targets. Operation of the sensor under ambient illumination conditions is demonstrated using suitable electronic circuitry with filtering facilities. The result is a linear operational range of 60 mm with 1 % accuracy with a matt white paper target. An automated version of the sensor under software control is also demonstrated for monitoring large amplitude (0.15 mm - 6 mm), single degree vibrations. The maximum determined frequency of the vibrating surface is about 150 Hz and this is only limited by the target displacement which is close to the resolution limits of this version of the sensor (0.15 mm). This novel sensor offers considerable advantages over other sensors reported in the literature. It is shown to offer a very long and linear operational range in excess of 100 mm, with accuracy better than 1% and resolution better than 0.2 % of range, and currently this performance is only limited by the electronic circuitry used. Overall, the proposed sensor offers a superior sensor head arrangement and performance combination and its cost is expected to be very low. Suggestions for improvements and other applications are offered.
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Hodgins, Diana. "Vibrating solid-state sensors." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314742.

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Books on the topic "Electronic sensors"

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1958-, Gardner J. W., Bartlett Philip N. 1956-, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose (1991 : Reykjavík, Iceland), eds. Sensors and sensory systems for an electronic nose. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.

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Gardner, Julian W. Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992.

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Gardner, Julian W., and Philip N. Bartlett, eds. Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8.

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SAE International Congress & Exposition (1992 : Detroit, Mich.), ed. Electronic controls and sensors. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1992.

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Long, Graham. Real applications of electronic sensors. London: Macmillan Education, 1989.

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Miskell, Jack T. Electronic sensors: Markets, directions, technology. Norwalk, Conn: Business Communications Co., 1987.

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Long, Graham. Real Applications of Electronic Sensors. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10107-8.

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K, Jurgen Ronald, and Society of Automotive Engineers, eds. Sensors and transducers. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 1997.

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Spacecraft Sensors. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005.

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Baxter, Larry K. Capacitive sensors: Design and applications. New York: IEEE Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electronic sensors"

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Göpel, Wolfgang, and Klaus-Dieter Schierbaum. "Electronic Conductance and Capacitance Sensors." In Sensors, 429–66. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620135.ch9.

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Zou, Yingchang, Hao Wan, Xi Zhang, Da Ha, and Ping Wang. "Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue." In Bioinspired Smell and Taste Sensors, 19–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7333-1_2.

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Dodgson, J. R. "Field-Effect Chemical Sensors." In Electronic Materials, 509–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3818-9_34.

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Tietze, Ulrich, Christoph Schenk, and Eberhard Gamm. "Sensors and Measurement Systems." In Electronic Circuits, 1059–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78655-9_21.

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Fraden, Jacob. "Interface Electronic Circuits." In Handbook of Modern Sensors, 191–270. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19303-8_6.

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Fraden, Jacob. "Interface Electronic Circuits." In Handbook of Modern Sensors, 173–246. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6466-3_5.

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Munro, Neil. "Guidance Sensors." In Electronic Combat and Modern Warfare, 21–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12422-0_2.

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Ungaretti, Tommaso, Sergio Pernici, Daniele De Pascalis, Deyou Fang, Mario Maiore, and Giovanni Pelligra. "Electronic Sensors Front-End." In Silicon Sensors and Actuators, 711–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80135-9_22.

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Bartlett, P. N., and J. W. Gardner. "Odour Sensors for an Electronic Nose." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 31–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_4.

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Barbieri, Andrea, Luca Molinari, Mauro Pasetti, and Marco Zamprogno. "Electronic Interfaces for Actuators." In Silicon Sensors and Actuators, 769–829. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80135-9_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electronic sensors"

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Kumar, Manish, Sanjeev Kumar, Amratansh Gupta, and Arunangshu Ghosh. "Development of Electronic Interface for Sensing Applications with Voltammetric Electronic Tongue." In 2018 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2018.8589506.

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Dahiya, Ravinder. "Large area electronic skin." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808420.

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Brinkfeldt, Klas, Göran Wetter, Andreas Lövberg, Per-Erik Tegehall, Dag Andersson, Jan Strandberg, Johnny Goncalves, Jonas Söderlund, and Mikael Kwarnmark. "Feasibility of PCB-Integrated Vibration Sensors for Condition Monitoring of Electronic Systems." In ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8386.

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The increasing complexity of electronics in systems used in safety critical applications, such as for example self-driving vehicles requires new methods to assure the hardware reliability of the electronic assemblies. Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) that uses a combination of data-driven and Physics-of-Failure models is a promising approach to avoid unexpected failures in the field. However, to enable PHM based partly on Physics-of-Failure models, sensor data that measures the relevant environment loads to which the electronics is subjected during its mission life are required. In this work, the feasibility to manufacture and use integrated sensors in the inner layers of a printed circuit board (PCB) as mission load indicators measuring impacts and vibrations has been investigated. A four-layered PCB was designed in which piezoelectric sensors based on polyvinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) were printed on one of the laminate layers before the lamination process. Manufacturing of the PCB was followed by the assembly of components consisting of BGAs and QFN packages in a standard production reflow soldering process. Tests to ensure that the functionality of the sensor material was unaffected by the soldering process were performed. Results showed a yield of approximately 30% of the sensors after the reflow soldering process. The yield was also dependent on sensor placement and possibly shape. Optimization of the sensor design and placement is expected to bring the yield to 50 % or better. The sensors responded as expected to impact tests. Delamination areas were present in the test PCBs, which requires further investigation. The delamination does not seem to be due to the presence of embedded sensors alone but rather the result of a combination of several factors. The conclusion of this work is that it is feasible to embed piezoelectric sensors in the layers of a PCB.
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Tveten, A. B., A. D. Kersey, E. C. McGarry, and A. Dandridge. "Electronic Interferometric Sensor Simulator/Demodulator." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1988.thcc19.

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Reed, Mark A. "Electronic label-free biosensing assays." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688127.

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Yuce, Mehmet R., Tharaka Dissanayake, and Ho Chee Keong. "Wireless telemetry for electronic pill technology." In 2009 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2009.5398440.

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Bonilla-Manrique, Oscar E., Julio Posada-Román, Jose A. Garcia-Souto, and Marta Ruiz Llata. "Photoacoustic Gas Detection with Electronic and Optical Microphones." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2019.stu2d.4.

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Kinnamon, David, Anjan Panneer Selvam, Shalini Prasad, and Sriram Muthukumar. "Electronic bracelet for monitoring of alcohol lifestyle." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808598.

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Potyrailo, Radislav A., Richard St-Pierre, Janell Crowder, Brian Scherer, and Baokai Cheng. "Boosting stability of electronic multi-gas sensors." In 2022 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors52175.2022.9967318.

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Palomeque-Mangut, Sergio, Felix Melendez, Jaime Gomez-Suarez, Patricia Arroyo, Jose-Ignacio Suarez, Samuel Frutos-Puerto, and Jesus Lozano. "Electronic system for citizens’ air quality mapping." In 2021 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639578.

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Reports on the topic "Electronic sensors"

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Conn, Cameron. Electronic Infrared Sensors. Florida State University Libraries, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu.1587499920.

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Simon, James E., Uri M. Peiper, Gaines Miles, A. Hetzroni, Amos Mizrach, and Denys J. Charles. Electronic Sensing of Fruit Ripeness Based on Volatile Gas Emissions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568762.bard.

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An electronic sensory system for the evaluation of headspace volatiles was developed to determine fruit ripeness and quality. Two prototype systems were designed, constructed, and later modified. The first is an improved version of our original prototype electronic sniffer using a single head sensing unit for use as a single or paired unit placed on an individual fruit surface for applications in the field, lab, or industry. The second electronic sniffer utilizes a matrix of gas sensors, each selected for differential sensitivity to a range of volatile compounds. This system is more sophisticated as it uses multiple gas sensors, but was found to enhance the ability of the sniffer to classify fruit ripeness and quality relative to a single gas sensor. This second sniffer was designed and constructed for the sampling of fresh-cut or whole packs of fruits such as packaged strawberries and blueberries, and can serve as a prototype for research or commercial applications. Results demonstrate that electronic sensing of fruit ripeness based on aromatic volatile gas emissions can be used successfully with fresh frits. Aroma sensing was successful for classifying ripeness in muskmelons, including different cultivars, apples, blueberries, strawberries, and in a complimentary BARD project on tomatoes. This system compared favorably to the physicochemical measurements traditionally employed to assess fruit maturity. This nondestructive sensory system can detect the presence of physically damaged fruits and shows excellent application for use in quality assessment. Electronic sensors of the tin oxide type were evaluated for specificity toward a wide range of volatiles associated with fruit ripeness. Sensors were identified that detected a broad range of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, and volatile sulfur compounds, as well as individual volatiles associated with fruit ripening across a wide concentration range. Sensors are not compound specific, thus, the matrix of sensors coupled with discrimination analysis provides a fingerprint to identify the presence of compounds and to assess alterations in fresh products due to alterations in volatile emissions. Engineering developments led to the development of a system to compensate for temperature and relative humidity relative to on-line aroma sensing with melons for ripeness determination and to reduce response time, thus permitting the electronic sniffer to be used for monitoring both fresh and processed food products. The sniffer provides a fast, reliable and nondestructive tool to assess fruit ripeness and quality. We hope that our work will foster the introduction and utilization of this emerging technology into the agricultural and horticultural
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Patel, Sanjay V. Orthogonal Chip Based Electronic Sensors for Chemical Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564305.

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Johra, Hicham. Assembling temperature sensors: thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors RTD (Pt100). Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau449755797.

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Temperature is one of the most common physical quantities (measurand) to be measured in experimental investigations, monitoring and control of building indoor environment, thermal comfort and building energy performance. The most common temperature sensors are the thermocouples and the resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). These analog sensors are cheap, accurate, durable and easy to replace or to repair. The cable of these sensors can easily be shortened or extended. These sensors have a simple, monotonic and stable correlation between the sensor’s temperature and their resistance/voltage output, which makes them ideal for temperature measurement with electronic logging equipment. This technical report aims at providing clear guidelines about how to assemble and mount type-K thermocouples and Pt100 RTDs. These are the most common temperature sensors used in the Laboratory of Building Energy and Indoor Environment at the Department of the Built Environment of Aalborg University.
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Fisk, William, Douglas Sullivan, Sebastian Cohen, and Hwataik Han. Measuring OutdoorAir Intake Rates Using Electronic Velocity Sensors at Louvers and Downstream of Airflow Straighteners. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/944427.

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Curtis, John O., Dan Leavell, Charles Weiss, Ryan North, and Eric Smith. Characterization of Soils from the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate Mine Lane Facility, Fort Belvoir, VA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430311.

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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.
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Riffle, Judy S. SEEDLING Proposal to Establish Pilot Data for a Consortium on Magnetic Nanoparticle Assemblies: A New Tool for Drug Delivery, Sensors and Electronic Devices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418026.

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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Ericson, Milton, Kyle Reed, and N. Dianne Ezell. Radiation Hardened Instrumentation, Sensors and Electronics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1786287.

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