Dissertations / Theses: 'Electronic noise'

1

Zhu, Zhineng. "Low Noise Offset Operational Amplifier for Nanopore-based Gene Sequencer." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ZhuZ2007.pdf.

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2

Banerjee, Gaurab. "Desensitized CMOS low noise amplifiers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6014.

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3

Taylor, Katherine P. "Noise models of A/D and D/A converters for determination of fundamental noise limitations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16910.

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4

Grobbelaar, Johannes Jacobus. "Phase noise measurement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6806.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of the thesis is the development of a phase noise measuring system that makes use of crosscorrelation and averaging to measure below the system hardware noise floor. Various phase noise measurement techniques are considered after which the phase demodulation method is chosen to be implemented. The full development cycle of the hardware is discussed, as well as the post processing that is performed on the measured phase noise.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is die ontwikkeling van ’n faseruis meetstelsel wat gebruik maak van kruiskorrelasie en vergemiddeling om onder die ruisvloer van die meetstelsel se hardeware te meet. Verskeie faseruis meettegnieke word ondersoek en die fase demodulasie metode word gekies om geïmplementeer te word. Die volle ontwikkelingsiklus van die hardeware word bespreek, sowel as die naverwerking wat toegepas is op die gemete faseruis.

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Smith, Corne J. "Feedforward active noise reduction for aircraft headsets." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49761.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Active noise reduction (ANR) is a method of cancelling acoustic noise in a defined enclosure. Two methods exist to implement ANR, they are the analog feedback method and the digital feedforward method. Commercial ANR systems employing feedback methods have been around since the 1980's. Feedforward methods have however only become practically implemental with the age of fast real time digital signal processing. In current systems, feedback ANR is used to attenuate broadband noise whilst feedforward methods are used to attenuate narrow band or tonal noise [2]. This thesis investigates feedforward ANR to cancel broadband acoustic noise in aircraft headsets. Different adaptive filters, optimal configuration of adaptive filters and practical limitations to broadband attenuation for headsets are addressed. Results from this thesis show that at least 10dS noise energy attenuation is attainable over a bandwidth of 2.5kHz. A number of areas for further research are also identified.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aktiewe geraas beheer (AGS) is 'n metode om akoestiese geraas te kanselleer in 'n gedefinieerde omgewing. Twee metodes bestaan om AGS te implementeer. Hulle is die analoog terugvoer en digitale vorentoevoer metode. Kommersiële AGS wat die terugvoer metode gebruik is al in gebruik van die 1980's. Vorentoevoer metodes is egter eers sedert vinnige intydse digitale sein prosessering moontlik. In huidige stelsels word terugvoer AGS gebruik vir die attenuasie van wyeband geraas terwyl vorentoevoer metodes gebruik word om nouband of enkel toon geraas te kanselleer [2]. Die tesis ondersoek vorentoevoer AGS om wyeband akoestiese geraas te kanselleer in vliegtuig kopstukke. Verskillende aanpasbare filters, optimale opstelling van aanpasbare filters en praktiese beperkings tot wyeband attenuasie vir kopstukke word ondersoek. Resultate van die tesis wys dat ten minste 10dS geraas energie attenuasie behaal kan word oor 'n bandwydte van 2.5kHz. 'n Aantal areas vir verder navorsing is ook geïdentifiseer.

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Kim, Jong Un. "Electronic noise in nanostructures: limitations and sensing applications." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4942.

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Nanostructures are nanometer scale structures (characteristic length less than 100 nm) such as nanowires, ultra-small junctions, etc. Since nanostructures are less stable, their characteristic volume is much smaller compared to defect sizes and their characteristic length is close to acoustical phonon wavelength. Moreover, because nanostructures include significantly fewer charge carriers than microscale structures, electronic noise in nanostructures is enhanced compared to microscale structures. Additionally, in microprocessors, due to the small gate capacitance and reduced noise margin (due to reduced supply voltage to keep the electrical field at a reasonable level), the electronic noise results in bit errors. On the other hand, the enhanced noise is useful for advanced sensing applications which are called fluctuation-enhanced sensing. In this dissertation, we first survey our earlier results about the limitation of noise posed on specific nano processors. Here, single electron logic is considered for voltage controlled logic with thermal excitations and generic shot noise is considered for current-controlled logic. Secondly, we discuss our recent results on the electronic noise in nanoscale sensors for SEnsing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade (SEPTIC, for instant bacterial detection) and for silicon nanowires for viral sensing. In the sensing of the phage-triggered ion cascade sensor, bacteriophage-infected bacteria release potassium ions and move randomly at the same time; therefore, electronic noise (i.e., stochastic signals) are generated. As an advanced model, the electrophoretic effect in the SEPTIC sensor is discussed. In the viral sensor, since the combination of the analyte and a specific receptor located at the surface of the silicon nanowire occurs randomly in space and time, a stochastic signal is obtained. A mathematical model for a pH silicon nanowire nanosensor is developed and the size quantization effect in the nanosensor is also discussed. The calculation results are in excellent agreement with the experimental results in the literature.

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7

Smith, D. T. "Studies in low frequency noise in electronic components." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379976.

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Kaverzin, Alexey. "Electronic transport and flicker noise in graphene structures." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3373.

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In this thesis the properties of graphene are studied via the various aspects of the quantum transport: doping of the graphene surface with organic molecules, flicker noise and transport in the quantum Hall regime. First, it was shown that certain molecules (toluene, aniline and water), which possess such common properties as non zero dipole moment and ability to undergo the electrochemical reaction, have a peculiar doping effect on graphene. The effect of toluene doping was studied in detail and is explained by the electrochemical reaction, which takes place in the vicinity of the graphene and results in a gate voltage dependent doping. Second, the flicker noise in graphene and its relation to the scattering mechanisms were studied. The flicker noise as a function of the carrier concentration was demonstrated to be sensitive to the scattering potential determining the resistance of the graphene. Therefore, as it was suggested, the flicker noise can be used as a tool for determining the dominant scattering mechanism in graphene, although it was found that the resistance and noise can originate from different scattering potentials. Also, the flicker noise spectrum was shown to decompose into individual lorentzians at low temperatures (below ∼ 25 K), where the fluctuations of the resistance is supposedly coming from the random jumps of electrons between the conductive channel in the graphene flake and the nearby impurity states. Third, the transport properties of the bilayer/trilayer graphene structure were studied at different temperatures and different magnetic fields including the quantum Hall regime. Bilayer and trilayer parts of the sample revealed the signatures of the quantum Hall effect predicted theoretically. The transport through the interface between bilayer and trilayer parts was also investigated. Signatures of the interface resistance were seen, although the observed behaviour is not explained. Under high magnetic fields the properties of the interface longitudinal resistance were described qualitatively by the classic transport equations.

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Chamon, Cláudio de Carvalho. "Electronic conduction and noise in strongly correlated systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38772.

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Strait, Thomas J. "Comparison of noise performance of capacitive sensing amplifiers." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Neff, Joseph Daniel. "Controlled stochastic resonance and nonlinear electronic circuits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30476.

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Fard, Ali. "Analysis and Design of Low-Phase-Noise Integrated Voltage-Controlled Oscillators for Wide-Band RF Front-Ends." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Computer Science and Electronics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-88.

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The explosive development of wireless communication services creates a demand for more flexible and cost-effective communication systems that offer higher data rates. The obvious trend towards small-size and ultra low power systems, in combination with the ever increasing number of applications integrated in a single portable device, tightens the design constraints at hardware and software level. The integration of current mobile systems with the third generation systems exemplifies and emphasizes the need of monolithic multi-band transceivers. A long term goal is a software defined radio, where several communication standards and applications are embedded and reconfigured by software. This motivates the need for highly flexible and reconfigurable analog radio frequency (RF) circuits that can be fully integrated in standard low-cost complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies.

In this thesis, the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), one of the main challenging RF circuits within a transceiver, is investigated for today’s and future communication systems. The contributions from this work may be divided into two parts. The first part exploits the possibility and design related issues of wide-band reconfigurable integrated VCOs in CMOS technologies. Aspects such as frequency tuning, power dissipation and phase noise performance are studied and design oriented techniques for wide-band circuit solutions are proposed. For demonstration of these investigations several fully functional wide-band multi-GHz VCOs are implemented and characterized in a 0.18µm CMOS technology.

The second part of the thesis concerns theoretical analysis of phase noise in VCOs. Due to the complex process of conversion from component noise to phase noise, computer aided methods or advanced circuit simulators are usually used for evaluation and prediction of phase noise. As a consequence, the fundamental properties of different noise sources and their impact on phase noise in commonly adopted VCO topologies have so far not been completely described. This in turn makes the optimization process of integrated VCOs a very complex task. To aid the design and to provide a deeper understanding of the phase noise mechanism, a new approach based on a linear time-variant model is proposed in this work. The theory allows for derivation of analytic expressions for phase noise, thereby, providing excellent insight on how to minimize and optimize phase noise in oscillators as a function of circuit related parameters. Moreover, it enables a fair performance comparison of different oscillator topologies in order to ascertain which structure is most suitable depending on the application of interest. The proposed method is verified with very good agreement against both advanced circuit simulations and measurements in CMOS and bipolar technologies. As a final contribution, using the knowledge gained from the theoretical analysis, a fully integrated 0.35µm CMOS VCO with superior phase noise performance and power dissipation is demonstrated.

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13

Tomlin, Toby-Daniel. "Analysis and modelling of jitter and phase noise in electronic systems : phase noise in RF amplifiers and jitter in timing recovery circuits." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0021.

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Timing jitter and phase noise are important design considerations in most electronic systems, particularly communication systems. The desire for faster transmission speeds and higher levels of integration, combined with lower signal levels and denser circuit boards has placed greater emphasis on managing problems related to phase noise, timing jitter, and timing distribution. This thesis reports original work on phase noise modelling in electronic systems. A new model is proposed which predicts the up-conversion of baseband noise to the carrier frequency in RF amplifiers. The new model is validated by comparing the predicted phase noise performance to experimental measurements as it applies to a common emitter (CE), bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier. The results show that the proposed model correctly predicts the measured phase noise, including the shaping of the noise about the carrier frequency, and the dependence of phase noise on the amplifier parameters. In addition, new work relating to timing transfer in digital communication systems is presented. A new clock recovery algorithm is proposed for decoding timing information encoded using the synchronous residual time-stamp (SRTS) method. Again, theoretical analysis is verified by comparison with an experimental implementation. The results show that the new algorithm correctly recovers the source clock at the destination, and satisfies the jitter specification set out by the ITU-T for G.702 signals.

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14

Tumati, Raghu. "Solid-State Nanopore Characterization and Low noise Transimpedance Amplifier for Nanopore-Based Gene Sequencer." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TumatiR2008.pdf.

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15

Paladugula, Prashanth. "Distributed network time synchronization using pseudo noise code." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6831.

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In recent years, distributed network systems have been studied in order to yield a higher data rate. However, performance of a distributed network degrades drastically when all nodes are not properly synchronized. This thesis discusses the practical issues involved in existing distributed network synchronization algorithms, and proposes an alternative solution for time synchronization in distributed networks using a pseudo noise (PN) code. The proposed algorithm has the following advantages over the existing algorithm: (1) increased time width of the pulseshaping filter, i.e., narrowband waveform-shaping filter; (2) ability to work under a lower signalto- noise ratio; (3) capability of reaching a steady state with fewer iterations; and (4) lower steady-state error and fewer samples required per one update interval. Chapter 6 will elaborate and explain these advantages. Simulation results will show the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed and the advantages of the proposed algorithm over existing algorithms.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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Slagmolen, Bram Johannes Jozef. "Direct measurement of the spectral distribution of thermal noise /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20051128.104552/index.html.

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17

Maree, Jacques. "Low phase noise cylindrical cavity oscillator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80079.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this thesis is to develop a 9.2 GHz low phase noise oscillator with a cylindrical cavity resonator. A cylindrical metal cavity with air as dielectric was used as a resonator. To minimise the phase noise of the oscillator, the resonator must be designed to have a high Q-factor. A high Q-factor was obtained by designing the resonator to operate in the TE011 mode. A tuning screw was used to tune the resonant frequency without significantly affecting the Q-factor. The tuning screw also separates the resonant frequencies of the degenerate TE011 and TM111 modes. The signal is coupled to the resonator by means of rectangular apertures. The coupling was designed to minimise the phase noise of the oscillator. A dual mode waveguide filter was developed and inserted into the oscillator loop in order to prevent oscillation at unwanted frequencies. Due to the excellent phase noise performance of the oscillator, it was not possible to measure the phase noise directly with the available phase noise meter. A measurement setup using two similar oscillators tuned to oscillate at frequencies differing by about 60 MHz was implemented. The output signals were down-converted to the difference frequency where the phase noise could be measured accurately. The output signal of the oscillator was measured at different locations in the loop and clearly showed that the resonator can be used as a filter to minimise the phase noise. The performance of the oscillators met all expectations. Phase noise levels of -115 dBc/Hz and -146 dBc/Hz were obtained at offset frequencies of 10 and 100 kHz.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is om ‘n 9.2 GHz lae faseruis ossillator met 'n silindriese holte resoneerder te ontwikkel. 'n Silindriese metaal golfleier holte met 'n lug diëlektrikum was gebruik as die resoneerder. Om die faseruis van die ossillator te minimeer moet die resoneerder ontwerp word om 'n hoë Q-faktor te hê. Om 'n hoë Q-faktor te behaal was die resoneerder ontwerp om in die TE011 orde te werk. Die resoneerder is toegerus met 'n verstelskroef wat die bedryfsfrekwensie verstel sonder om die belaste Q-faktor aansienlik te beïnvloed. Die verstelskroef skei ook die frekwensie van die degeneratiewe TE011 en TM111 ordes. Drywing word na die resoneerder gekoppel deur middel van reghoekige openinge. Die koppeling is ontwerp om die faseruis van die ossillator te minimeer. 'n Tweede orde dubbelmodes golfleier filter is ontwerp en in die ossillatorlus ingevoeg om ossillasie by ongewenste frekwensies te voorkom. Vanweë die baie lae faseruis van die ossillator was dit nie moontlik om die faseruis direk met die beskikbare faseruismeter te meet nie. 'n Meetopstelling met twee soorgelyke ossillators waarvan die frekwensies met ongeveer 60 MHz verskil is geïmplementeer. Die uittreeseine van die ossillators is afgemeng na die verskilfrekwensie waar die meetinstrument meer sensitief is en die faseruis akkuraat gemeet kan word. Die uittreesein van die ossillator is by verskillende punte gemeet en het duidelik getoon dat die resoneerder as filter gebruik kan word om die faseruis te minimeer. Die ossillators se werkverrigting het aan die verwagtinge voldoen. Faseruis vlakke van -115 dBc/Hz en -146 dBc/Hz by afsetfrekwensies van onderskeidelik 10 en 100 kHz is verkry.

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Hall, Andrew D. "Broadband, low-noise and power microwave amplifiers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17613.

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The design of Broadband, Low-Noise and Power Microwave Amplifiers using microstrip softboard technology is investigated. The software program TOUCHSTONE (TM) by EEsof is used extensively as a basic design tool. The characterisation of the GaAs Field Effect Transistors, used for the amplifiers, is carried out. These characterisations are then used by the program in its circuit analysis. A determination of the validity of using the manufacturer's data, for the designs, is determined by comparing it to the measured data. Source-Pull and Load-Pull measurements were performed for the Power GaAs FET characterisation. The noise-parameter device characterisation is carried out in a similar way to that for Load-Pull data. Each amplifier required final tuning adjustments in order to peak the performances. The Broadband Maximum Gain Amplifier had a 10 ± 1.5dB gain over a bandwidth from 2- to 6-GHz. The Low-Noise amplifier achieved 5dB Noise-Figure and 5.4 ± 1. 4dB gain over the 2- to 6-GHz band. The Power amplifier Output Power was 390mW over the 3.7- to 4.2-GHz band. Techniques of broadband matching are investigated, with Double-Stub matching producing the widest bandwidth. A literature survey is presented on aspects of broadband microwave amplifiers, as well as a survey on Computer-aided-design at microwave frequencies and techniques of Large-Signal Transistor characterisation.

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Al-Jajjoka, Sam Nooh K. "Time domain threshold crossing for signals in noise." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11535.

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This work investigates the discrimination of times between threshold crossings for deterministic periodic signals with added band-limited noise. The methods include very low signal to noise ratio (one or less). Investigation has concentrated on the theory of double threshold crossings, with especial care taken in the effects of correlations in the noise, and their effects on the probability of detection of double crossings. A computer program has been written to evaluate these probabilities for a wide range of signal to noise ratiOS, a wide range of signal to bandwidth ratios, and a range of times between crossings of up to two signal periods. Correlations due to the extreme cases of a Brickwall filter and a second order Butterworth filter have been included; other filters can easily be included in the program. The method is simulated and demonstrated by implementing on a digital signal processor (DSP) using a TMS32020. Results from the DSP technique are in agreement with the theoretical evaluations. Probability results could be used to determine optimum time thresholds and windows for signal detection and frequency discrimination, to determine the signal length for adequate discrimination, and to evaluate channel capacities. The ability to treat high noise, including exact effects of time correlations, promises new applications in electronic signal detection, communications, and pulse discrimination neural networks.

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Aghassi, Jasmin [Verfasser]. "Electronic transport and noise in quantum dot systems / J. Aghassi." Karlsruhe : Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986920967/34.

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21

Bentley, Brendon. "An investigation into the phase noise of quartz crystal oscillators." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/337.

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Hojabri, Pirooz. "NOISE AT SUBTHRESHOLD CURRENT IN MOS DEVICES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275405.

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23

Bremer, Paul Graham. "Adaptive noise cancelling applied to machine condition monitoring." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8349.

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The objective of this thesis is to determine whether Adaptive Noise Cancelling can be used successfully in determining the state of machine elements. In addition, this thesis was used to gain experience in real-time computing. This was done by designing and building a real-time machine monitoring package using an IBM PC and a TMS 320C25 digital signal-processing chip manufactured by Texas Instruments. To determine which adaptive algorithm should be used in the package, experiments were carried out on a computer with different types of adaptive noise cancelling algorithms, the two main ones being the Least-Mean-Squares (LMS) and Recursive-Least-Squares (RLS) algorithms.

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24

Perkins, M. "Tuning and noise performance of broadband voltage-controlled oscillators." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233209.

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Urban, Christopher S. "Active noise cancellation using feed forward techniques /." Online version of thesis, 2007. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/3843.

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Bareš, Robert. "Environmentally adaptive noise estimation for active sonar." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/18588/.

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Noise is frequently encountered when processing data from the natural environment, and is of particular concern for remote-sensing applications where the accuracy of data gathered is limited by the noise present. Rather than merely accepting that sonar noise results in unavoidable error in active sonar systems, this research explores various methodologies to reduce the detrimental effect of noise. Our approach is to analyse the statistics of sonar noise in trial data, collected by a long-range active sonar system in a shallow water environment, and apply this knowledge to target detection. Our detectors are evaluated against imulated targets in simulated noise, simulated targets embedded in noise-only trial data, and trial data containing real targets. First, we demonstrate that the Weibull and K-distributions offer good models of sonar noise in a cluttered environment, and that the K-distribution achieves the greatest accuracy in the tail of the distribution. We demonstrate the limitations of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test in the context of detection by thresholding, and investigate the upper-tail Anderson-Darling test for goodness-of-fit analysis. The upper-tail Anderson-Darling test is shown to be more suitable in the context of detection by thresholding, as it is sensitive to the far-right tail of the distribution, which is of particular interest for detection at low false alarm rates. We have also produced tables of critical values for K-distributed data evaluated by the upper-tail Anderson-Darling test. Having established suitable models for sonar noise, we develop a number of detection statistics. These are based on the box-car detector, and the generalized likelihood ratio test with a Rician target model. Our performance analysis shows that both types of detector benefit from the use of the noise model provided by the K-distribution. We also demonstrate that for weak signals, our GLRT detectors are able to achieve greater probability of detection than the box-car detectors. The GLRT detectors are also easily extended to use more than one sample in a single test, an approach that we show to increase probability of detection when processing simulated targets. A fundamental difficulty in estimating model parameters is the small sample size. Many of the pings in our trial data overlap, covering the same region of the sea. It is therefore possible to make use of samples from multiple pings of a region, increasing the sample size. For static targets, the GLRT detector is easily extended to multi-ping processing, but this is not as easy for moving targets. We derive a new method of combining noise estimates over multiple pings. This calculation can be applied to either static or moving targets, and is also shown to be useful for generating clutter maps. We then perform a brief performance analysis on trial data containing real targets, where we show that in order to perform well, the GLRT detector requires a more accurate model of the target than the Rician distribution is able to provide. Despite this, we show that both GLRT and box-car detectors, when using the K-distribution as a noise model, can achieve a small improvement in the probability of detection by combining estimates of the noise parameters over multiple pings.

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Williams, Richard G. D. "Noise source identification on large generator units." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1423.

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Veerabasavaiah, Hanumantharaju T. "Timing error noise reduction in distributed wireless network using Kalman filter." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/7048.

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The distributed network has been considered the future's wireless networking. A key challenge to implementing a distributed network is time synchronization of nodes in a network in a noisy environment. A few parallel synchronization schemes have been proposed. But when the data rate is high, the performances of these algorithms are degraded because of timing error noise. Thus thesis deals with the problem of timing error noise using the Kalman filter, which is highly effective for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) but also restrains other kinds of noise, although not as effectively as for AWGN. By means of the Kalman filter, the effect of timing error noise can be reduced. Simulation results provide the effectiveness of the algorithm used.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

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Na, Nanju. "Modeling and simulation of planes in electronic packages." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14812.

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Rachuri, Mahesh. "Distributed wireless network frequency synchronization under updating error noise with Kalman filter." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/7043.

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Frequency synchronization in a distributed wireless network is a challenging issue in recent times. Some frequency synchronization techniques are used in the distributed wireless network. However, due to the presence of noise, the simultaneous synchronization of all nodes to a common frequency is difficult, therefore an alternative solution for distributed network frequency synchronization using the Kalman filter is studied in this thesis. This thesis will show that existing frequency synchronization techniques in the wireless network fail in a noisy environment, and that the proposed scheme can be effective to suppress updating error noise using the Kalman filter. In particular, the proposed method can reduce the negative effects of updating error noise even if it is of high power (e.g., 50 dB). The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over the existing algorithm will be verified by simulation results.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

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Zhang, Yang. "Phase noise suppression techniques for 5-6GHZ oscillator design." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/y_zhang_113007.pdf.

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Liu, Chengxin. "Jitter in oscillators with 1/f noise sources and application to true RNG for cryptography." Link to electronic dissertation, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-011006-221104/.

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Parrish, Denise (Denise Lynn). "Monaural speech-in-noise thresholds for sentences using the hearing in noise test (HINT) [electronic resource] / by Denise Parrish." University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000152.

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Professional research project (Au.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003.
Title from PDF of title page.
Document formatted into pages; contains 25 pages.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: Understanding speech in background noise is occasionally difficult for normal hearing listeners and is often impossible for the listener with sensorineural hearing loss. The ability to understand speech in noise depends upon multiple factors such as the characteristics of the speech signal, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the listener's degree of hearing impairment. A routine hearing evaluation usually does not provide ample information about a listener's functional communication abilities. The Hearing-in-Noise Test (HINT) developed by The House Ear Institute provides an efficient and reliable method for evaluating an individual's suprathreshold speech understanding ability in quiet and in noise.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate monaural speech reception thresholds for sentences (RTS) in quiet and in noise using the standardized Hearing-in-Noise Test (HINT). Data was collected from one clinical setting using twenty-five subjects with bilateral normal hearing (WNL) and twenty subjects with bilaterally symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Subject age ranged from 40 to 65 years. The study results were generally in agreement with the HINT norms. It was concluded that administering the HINT monaurally under headphones could differentiate between normal hearing individuals and individuals with cochlear hearing loss. The SNHL group exhibited higher RTSs than the WNL group in both quiet and in noise. The mean RTS difference between the two groups in quiet was 14.56 dB while the mean RTS difference in noise was only 2.85 dB. Surprisingly, the difference between the two subject groups in quiet was greater than was expected.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.

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34

O'Shea, Valentine. "GaAs radiation detectors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244259.

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Burns, Mark James. "Modelling and analysis of noise in advanced avalanche photodetectors." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333616.

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Li, Xiaoyong. "Low noise design techniques for radio frequency integrated circuits /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6013.

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Burdi, Muhammad Khan. "Fault locator for distribution systems, utilising fault arc noise." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387152.

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Hao, Wei-Da. "Waveform Estimation with Jitter Noise by Pseudo Symmetrical Probability Density Function." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4587.

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A new method for solving jitter noise in estimating high frequency waveform is proposed. It reduces the bias of the estimation in those points where all the other methods fail to achieve. It provides preliminary models for estimating percentiles in Normal, Exponential probability density function. Based on the model for Normal probability density function, a model for any probability density function is derived. The resulting percentiles, in turn, are used as estimates for the amplitude of the waveform. Simulation results show us with satisfactory accuracy.

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Varley, Martin Roy. "Pitch determination of speech signals in the presence of noise." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1990. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20312/.

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The research described in this thesis has been carried out in three specific areas, namely the implementation and modification of pitch determination algorithms for speech signals, an investigation of the performance of the algorithms under different conditions of acoustic noise, and the real-time implementation of one of the algorithms using a high speed single-chip digital signal processor. The thesis presents a discussion on the applications of pitch determination algorithms for speech, followed by a description of the mechanism for human production and perception of speech signals. A modelling technique for the speech production mechanism is also introduced. Pitch determination algorithms for speech signals are discussed in detail, with particular reference to the two algorithms implemented during this research. Aspects of their implementation on a digital signal processing system based on an IBM PC-XT and commercially available signal processing software are described. Several important modifications to enhance the algorithms' performance have been carried out, and these are discussed in the thesis. Extensive tests under varying conditions of acoustic noise have been performed, and these are presented in the thesis. Results are presented and discussed, giving an indication of the effect of the noise on the performance of the algorithms. Finally, an implementation of a time domain pitch determination algorithm using a DSP device is presented, with detailed notes on the various aspects of the implementation. Results indicate that using appropriate AID hardware, the algorithm can achieve realtime pitch determination of speech.

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Ravindran, Apoorv. "Investigation of inverse acoustical characterization of porous materials used in aircraft noise control application." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1552.

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Sound propagation through porous media such as foams and fibers is governed by five parameters that describe the geometry of the porous frame: porosity, tortuosity, flow resistivity, viscous characteristic length, and thermal characteristic length. The conventional laboratory methods for measuring these geometric properties are prone to errors and can be highly cumbersome. In this work, an alternative method of determining the geometric properties of porous materials, based on an inverse acoustical technique, was investigated for materials used in aircraft noise-control applications. This technique is incorporated in commercial software codes, such as FOAM-X (ESI Group) and Comet TrimTM (Comet Acoustics), which require the absorption coefficient and/or transmission loss (TL) to be measured in Brüel and Kjær (or equivalent) standing wave tubes as inputs. The estimated geometric properties are required to define the porous material for complex vibroacoustic analysis in commercial code such as AutoSEA2 (ESI Group). One of the goals of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated geometric properties. A closed-loop validation technique was previously developed where the absorption coefficient and transmission loss were predicted using AutoSEA2 and compared with the standing wave tube measurements. Good agreement between the measured and predicted absorption coefficient was observed for both foams and fibers. However, in the case of transmission loss, good agreement was observed for fibers but not for foams. In order to eliminate inconsistencies, the existing validation loop was modified by incorporating Comet TrimTM inverse characterization software that took both the normal incidence absorption coefficient and transmission loss as sequential inputs to estimate the geometric properties. To complete the modified loop, sound absorption and transmission loss of porous materials was predicted using the performance analysis module in Comet TrimTM and compared with the test results. In general, the absorption coefficient of most of the foams and fibers, prediction using both validation loops was in good correlation with the measured data. On the other hand, the correlation in normal incidence transmission loss was better using the modified loop. In the process of investigating the repeatability of estimating the physical properties, previously measured porous material samples were re-measured for their absorption coefficient and transmission loss. A possible effect of sample aging was discovered and reported. As an alternate method to the forward TL calculation, a finite element model of the standing wave tube was also developed. This could be used to study the effect of boundary conditions on acoustic properties. Finally, individually validated samples were combined to develop optimized multilayer aircraft noise-control treatments and were experimentally demonstrated to produce excellent acoustical performance.
Thesis (M.S)-- Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
"December 2007."

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Ravindran, Apoorv Soschinske Kurt A. "Investigation of inverse acoustical characterization of porous materials used in aircraft noise control application /." Thesis, A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1552.

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Prinsloo, David Schalk Van Der Merwe. "Characterisation of L-band differential low noise amplifiers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18063.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis addresses the complications that are encountered when characterising the performance of differential microwave LNAs. The predominant sources of noise in electronic circuits are introduced and equivalent two-port noise models for active devices are derived. Correlation between noise generators are defined by means of the noise correlation matrix and existing network theory is adapted to include noise analysis of twoport and multi-port networks. Mixed-mode scattering parameters are introduced in order to define the signal performance of differential and common-mode propagation in multi-port networks and, by applying the same theory, the mixed-mode correlation matrix for a three-port dLNA is derived. Furthermore, an expression is derived for de-embedding the differential noise figure of a three-port dLNA using two single ended measurements. Two dLNA designs, both incorporating wideband 180°-Hybrid ring couplers, are discussed and the differential signal and noise performance of the dLNAs are compared to that of their constituent single ended LNAs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis behandel die komplikasies wat ontwerpers in die gesig staar tydens die karakterisering van mikrogolf differensiële laeruis versterkers. Die hoof ruisbronne in stroombane word bespreek en ekwivalente tweepoortnetwerkmodelle vir aktiewe toestelle word afgelei. Korrelasie tussen ruisbronne word gedefnieer deur middel van ruiskorrelasiematrikse en bestaande tweepoort- en multipoort-netwerkteorie word aangepas om ruismodelle in te sluit. Weens die feit dat differensiële- en gemene-wyse voortplanting van seine voorkom in multipoortnetwerke word gemengde-modus S-parameters behandel. Dieselfde teorie maak dit vervolgens moontlik om die gemengde-modus ruiskorrelasiematriks van ’n drie-poort differensiële laeruis versterker af te lei. Verder word daar ’n wyse voorgestel waarmee die differensiëleruissyfer van ’n drie-poort differensiële laeruis versterker vanuit twee enkel ruissyfermetings bereken kan word. Twee differensiële laeruis versterker ontwerpe, waarvan beide wyeband 180 -differensiaalkoppelaars implementeer, word bespreek en die differensiëlesein- asook die differensiëleruis-werking word vergelyk met die werking van die omsluite ongebalanseerde laeruis versterkers.

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Pant, Mondira Deb. "An architectural approach to inductive noise issues in GSI circuits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13555.

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Hendrickson, Benjamin William. "Dark Current RTS-Noise in Silicon Image Sensors." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4475.

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Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) noise is a random noise source defined by discrete and metastable changes in the magnitude of a signal. Though observed in a variety of physical processes, RTS is of particular interest to image sensor fabrication where progress in the suppression of other noise sources has elevated its noise contribution to the point of approaching the limiting noise source in scientific applications. There have been two basic physical sources of RTS noise reported in image sensors. The first involves a charge trap in the oxide layer of the source follower in a CMOS image sensor. The capture and emission of a charge changes the conductivity across the source follower, altering the signal level. The second RTS source in image sensors has been reported in CCD and CMOS architectures and involves some metastability in the structure of the device within the light collection area. A methodology is presented for the analysis of RTS noise. Utilizing wavelets, a time-based signal has white noise removed, while RTS transitions are preserved. This allows for the simple extraction of RTS parameters, which provide valuable insight into defects in semiconductor devices. The scheme is used to extract RTS transition amplitudes and time constants from radiation damaged CMOS image sensor pixels. Finally, the generation of ionizing radiation induced RTS centers is investigated and discussed. Surprisingly, the number of RTS centers does not scale linearly with absorbed dose, but instead follows a quadratic dependence. The implications and possible mechanisms behind the generation of these RTS centers are discussed.

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Moes, Henderikus Jan. "A low noise PLL-based frequency synthesiser for X-band radar." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1337.

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Roets, Hendrik Adriaan. "Effect of altitude on audible noise generated by AC conductor corona." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71810.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Power utilities are expected to keep the cost of electricity as low as possible. They are also expected to be environmentally friendly and, amongst other things, not to produce unacceptable audible noise. When the electric field on a conductor is high enough corona is produced and this is accompanied by audible noise. Air pressure, which is directly related to altitude, has an effect on the voltage at which corona will start. It is more difficult to ionise the air at sea level (high air pressure) than at high altitude (low air pressure). Altitude does not only affect the corona inception voltage, but also the intensity of the audible noise. A thorough scan of literature revealed that there is very little evidence of prior research work on the effect of air density on corona under fair weather (dry) conditions. In South Africa, transmission lines are built at altitudes higher than 1800 m above sea level. The cost of a 400 kV line is in the region of R2M per km. It is important to predict the noise levels under a proposed line accurately, before it is energised. This research indicated that the altitude correction for conductor corona audible noise, under dry conditions, might be steeper than the general accepted correction of 1 dB/300m. This correction, however, appears to be valid for heavy rain conditions. Under heavy rain conditions the corona is mainly determined by the water droplets, whereas under dry conditions the condition of the conductor plays the biggest role. The air density therefore has a bigger effect on the corona performance under dry conditions. The implication of a steeper altitude correction for dry conditions is that too low noise levels will be predicted for a higher altitude, which could lead to complaints. On the other hand, predictions for lower altitudes will be too conservative.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word van kragvoorsieners verwag om die koste van elektrisiteit so laag as moontlik te hou. Hulle is verder onder druk om omgewingsvriendelik te wees en om onder andere nie onaanvaarbare hoorbare geraas te veroorsaak nie. Wanneer die elektriese veld op ‘n geleier hoog genoeg is, kan korona ontstaan wat dan hoorbare geraas veroorsaak. Die lugdruk, en daarom die hoogte bo seevlak, beïnvloed die spanning waarby ‘n geleier in korona sal gaan. Dit is moeiliker om die lug te ioniseer by seevlak (hoë lugdruk) as hoog bo seevlak (lae lugdruk). Die hoogte bo seevlak beïnvloed daarom nie net die spanning waarby korona sal begin nie maar ook die intensiteit van die hoorbare geraas. Dit wil voorkom of die effek van hoogte bo seevlak, op hoorbare geraas, a.g.v. geleier korona tot op datum baie skraps nagevors is. Baie min kon in die literatuur gevind word op die effek onder droë toestande. In Suid-Afrika is dit nodig om transmissielyne op hoogtes van 1800 m en hoër te bou. So ‘n lyn (400 kV) kos in die omgewing van R2M per km. Dit is daarom van uiterste belang om die geraasvlakke wat ‘n beplande lyn sal veroorsaak, akkuraat te bepaal, voordat so ‘n lyn aangeskakel word. Hierdie navorsing het gewys dat die effek van hoogte bo seespieël op hoorbare korona geraas onder droë toestande groter kan wees as wat algemene aanvaar word. Die helling van die korreksiefaktor vir hoogte bo seevlak blyk steiler as 1 dB/300 m te wees vir droë toestande. Die implikasie hiervan is dat geraas voorspellings vir hoër hoogtes bo seespieël te laag sal wees en die vir lae hoogtes te konserwatief kan wees. Die navorsing stem egter saam met die korreksiefaktor van 1 dB/300 m onder swaar reën toestande. Dit wil voorkom of die invloed van die waterdruppels op geleier korona groter is as lugdruk. Onder droë toestande speel die toestand van die geleier 'n groter rol en is die effek van lugdruk groter.

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47

McCord, Cameron Forrest. "Electronic Sound Analysis with Hardware System and Remote Internet Display." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103358/.

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Currently, standards from government agencies such as the National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health exist to aid in safeguarding individuals’ capacity for hearing, but only in factory settings in which large machines often produce loud levels of sound. Neglecting the fact that these preventative measures are only in place in the most limited of settings, no system currently exists to observe and report sound exposure levels in a manner timely or easily recognizable enough to adequately serve its purpose of hearing conservation. Musicians may also incur significant levels of risk for hearing loss in their day-to-day rehearsals and concerts, from high school marching bands to university wind bands. As a result, music school accrediting organizations such as the National Association of Schools of Music and even the European Union have begun taking steps meant to determine the risks associated with music. To meet these goals and improve upon current technologies, a system has been developed that electronically records sound levels utilizing modern hardware, increases the speed of reporting by transmitting data over computer networks and the Internet, and displays measures calculated from these data in a web browser for a highly viewable, user-friendly interface.

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48

Chunara, Rumi. "Low-noise electronic readout for high-throughput, portable biomolecular detection in microchannel arrays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38328.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-58).
There's not much that can be done to make research easier - but excitement and passion are two key elements of success, and two of the many things I have learned from my advisor, Scott Manalis. It has been (and will continue to be) an awesome opportunity that I am especially thankful for, to work in nanoscale sensing with him. Perhaps the next best thing to a great advisor is having friends to work with who are equally as excited as me, more experienced, and many times smarter. I am forever indebted to all the members of the lab who have contributed to my biggest asset - knowledge. Special respect to those who bestow humour with the facts: Nebojsa, Johnson, Mike, Phil, and of course Thomas without whom I would have been in the lab a lot longer and in Europe a lot less. Thanks for coming to lab with a smile and for helping me leave with one. Places like MIT are excellent institutions, mostly because of their students. I am thankful to all of the graduate students in other labs which are always glad to give some words of advice or spend a few hours explaining something not so trivial to me. Especially to those in Professor Rahul Sarpeshkar's laboratory, especially Soumya and Scott. I am also very lucky to have great friends outside of the lab, for constant support, empathy and for bettering my overall well-being. Also to those who have come into my life and left at some point, I have gained so many more things from you than you may realize. Finally, to those who have probably contributed the most to my research success - without a single formula or circuit diagram, my family: Habibullah, Rosemin and Alizahra. You made me realize that as with life, struggle is the meaning of research. Defeat or victory is in the hands of God, but struggle itself is man's duty and should be his joy.
by Rumi Chunara.
S.M.

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49

Spyrou, Evangelos. "Performance analysis of wireless LAN signals transmitted over a ricean fading channel in a pulsed-noise preference environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FSpyrou.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.
Thesis Advisor(s): R. Clark Robertson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). Also available online.

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Chandrasekhar, Janani. "Signal to power coupling and noise induced jitter in differential signaling." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24778.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Swaminathan Madhavan; Committee Member: Chatterjee Abhijit; Committee Member: Davis Jeffrey.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electronic noise'

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