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Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic mobility aids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Lopes, Sérgio I., José M. N. Vieira, Óscar F. F. Lopes, Pedro R. M. Rosa, and Nuno A. S. Dias. "MobiFree: A Set of Electronic Mobility Aids for the Blind." Procedia Computer Science 14 (2012): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2012.10.002.

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2

Roentgen, Uta R., Gert Jan Gelderblom, Mathijs Soede, and Luc P. de Witte. "Inventory of Electronic Mobility Aids for Persons with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 102, no. 11 (November 2008): 702–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0810201105.

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This literature review of existing electronic mobility aids for persons who are visually impaired and recent developments in this field identified and classified 146 products, systems, and devices. The 21 that are currently available that can be used without environmental adaptation are described in functional terms.

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3

Joffee, E. "Role of Electronic Travel Aids: Field Applications of the Russell Pathsounder." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 81, no. 8 (October 1987): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8708100810.

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The Russell Pathsounder has been used successfully as a secondary travel aid to enable a partially sighted man to retain his job as a floor supervisor in a sheltered workshop, and to enable a neurologically impaired teenager, dependent on a support cane, to develop outdoor orientation and mobility skills. These somewhat unique applications of the Pathsounder indicate that, despite an apparent consensus of disappointment in electronic travel aids, these aids can play a very important part in O&M and in developing a creative approach to the rehabilitation of visually impaired clients with complex needs.

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Penrod, William M., Thomas J. Simmons, Debra K. Bauder, and Donna Brostek Lee. "A Comparison of Selected Secondary Electronic Travel Aids with a Primary Mobility System." International Journal of Orientation & Mobility 2, no. 1 (2009): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijom-2009-003.

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5

Miler-Zdanowska, Kamila. "Wykorzystanie nowych technologii w orientacji przestrzennej osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku." Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, no. 18 (September 9, 2018): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2017.18.04.

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The fast development of electronic and information technologies makes them becoming ever more present in the lives of the blind and visually impaired people. The aim of this article is to present modes of mobility of people with visual impairment, with particular focus on new technologies. The article contains the classification and characteristics of electronic aids used in spatial orientation and mobility for blind people. It also presents the benefits and difficulties of using these types of new technologies. The article presents research projects related to the construction and testing of new technical solutions in Poland.

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Cardillo, Emanuele, and Alina Caddemi. "Insight on Electronic Travel Aids for Visually Impaired People: A Review on the Electromagnetic Technology." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111281.

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This review deals with a comprehensive description of the available electromagnetic travel aids for visually impaired and blind people. This challenging task is considered as an outstanding research area due to the rapid growth in the number of people with visual impairments. For decades, different technologies have been employed for solving the crucial challenge of improving the mobility of visually impaired people, but a suitable solution has not yet been developed. Focusing this contribution on the electromagnetic technology, the state-of-the-art of available solutions is demonstrated. Electronic travel aids based on electromagnetic technology have been identified as an emerging technology due to their high level of achievable performance in terms of accuracy, flexibility, lightness, and cost-effectiveness.

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Roentgen, Uta R., Gert Jan Gelderblom, and Luc P. de Witte. "The Development of an Indoor Mobility Course for the Evaluation of Electronic Mobility Aids for Persons Who Are Visually Impaired." Assistive Technology 24, no. 3 (September 2012): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2012.659954.

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8

Baba, Tetsuaki. "Design for the visually impaired when traveling outdoors using omnidirectional imagery and image recognition." Impact 2020, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.7.34.

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Assistive technologies, such as devices to help perform tasks, cognitive aids, mobility aids, physical modifications in the built environment and closed captioning, help to improve or maintain a person's ability to complete day-to-day tasks. For example, assistive technologies can be helpful for people with disabilities or the elderly, enabling them to work around challenges they may encounter. The development of assistive technologies depends on datasets, which are used for training, testing or validation. Furthermore, making such datasets widely available can help advance the field of assistive technologies. One area in which assistive technologies can be useful is in helping people who are visually impaired. For example, electronic mobility aids use ultrasonic waves that reflect off objects in front of people, letting them know what is ahead. At the Division of Industrial Art, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, in Japan, Associate Professor Tetsuaki Baba is using a deep learning approach to develop assistive technology for visually impaired people. As a foundation for this work, he and his team have developed a dataset for developers to create deep learning vision-based applications for visually impaired people.

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Baba, Tetsuaki. "Design for the visually impaired when traveling outdoors using omnidirectional imagery and image recognition." Impact 2021, no. 5 (June 7, 2021): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.5.80.

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Assistive technologies, such as devices to help perform tasks, cognitive aids, mobility aids, physical modifications in the built environment and closed captioning, help to improve or maintain a person's ability to complete day-to-day tasks. For example, assistive technologies can be helpful for people with disabilities or the elderly, enabling them to work around challenges they may encounter. The development of assistive technologies depends on datasets, which are used for training, testing or validation. Furthermore, making such datasets widely available can help advance the field of assistive technologies. One area in which assistive technologies can be useful is in helping people who are visually impaired. For example, electronic mobility aids use ultrasonic waves that reflect off objects in front of people, letting them know what is ahead. At the Division of Industrial Art, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, in Japan, Associate Professor Tetsuaki Baba is using a deep learning approach to develop assistive technology for visually impaired people. As a foundation for this work, he and his team have developed a dataset for developers to create deep learning vision-based applications for visually impaired people.

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10

Passini, R., A. Dupré, and C. Langlois. "Spatial Mobility of the Visually Handicapped Active Person: A Descriptive Study." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 80, no. 8 (October 1986): 904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8608000809.

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Specific aspects of mobility and spatial orientation of the visually handicapped have attracted the attention of researchers for a quarter of a century; generally speaking, their work can be placed in four fields of study. First, interest has been focused on the capacity of blind people to move unaided in various spatial settings and to mentally map an environment. A second preoccupation revealed by the literature has been the spatial information transmitted to the visually handicapped by tactile maps, by adapted sign system and by electronic guidance systems. Other projects have focused on the environment in which visually handicapped move and on the environmental aspects that affect their mobility. Finally, some researchers have investigated how the development of technical aids has facilitated the mobility of blind people.

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11

Vaganova, Olga I., Zhanna V. Smirnova, Maria V. Mukhina, Olga V. Golubeva, and Zhanna V. Chaykina. "Features of Educational Electronic Grade Development by Engineering Disciplines." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001213.

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Traditional teaching aids lose their relevance in connection with the introduction of a competence approach, therefore, it is necessary to introduce such manuals that will allow students to retain their mobility and productivity without losing the quality of teaching. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the identification of the features of the development of qualitatively new electronic teaching aids in the university. The purpose of the research: identification of features of the development of an electronic textbook in the formation of professional competencies of students. For this purpose we have singled out the definition of the term “electronic publication”. The problems associated with the development and implementation of electronic textbooks have been identified. The principles of creating electronic materials have been singled out, which is part of the structure and composition of the electronic textbook, as well as the experiments carried out by us, demonstrating, firstly, the need to use information technology in education, and secondly the informativeness and effectiveness of the electronic textbook. One of the main recommendations for the creation of an electronic textbook is the need to provide the teacher with an adequate individual perception, understanding of the teaching material by students. It is necessary to timely eliminate errors, as well as update data: a glossary, practical tasks and text textbooks.

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12

Bujacz, Michał, and Paweł Strumiłło. "Sonification: Review of Auditory Display Solutions in Electronic Travel Aids for the Blind." Archives of Acoustics 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0040.

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Abstract Sonification is defined as presentation of information by means of non-speech audio. In assistive technologies for the blind, sonification is most often used in electronic travel aids (ETAs) - devices which aid in independent mobility through obstacle detection or help in orientation and navigation. The presented review contains an authored classification of various sonification schemes implemented in the most widely known ETAs. The review covers both those commercially available and those in various stages of research, according to the input used, level of signal processing algorithm used and sonification methods. Additionally, a sonification approach developed in the Naviton project is presented. The prototype utilizes stereovision scene reconstruction, obstacle and surface segmentation and spatial HRTF filtered audio with discrete musical sounds and was successfully tested in a pilot study with blind volunteers in a controlled environment, allowing to localize and navigate around obstacles.

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13

Roentgen, Uta R., Gert Jan Gelderblom, and Luc P. de Witte. "User Evaluation of Two Electronic Mobility Aids for Persons Who Are Visually Impaired: A Quasi-Experimental Study Using a Standardized Mobility Course." Assistive Technology 24, no. 2 (June 2012): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2012.659794.

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14

Abreu, David, Jonay Toledo, Benito Codina, and Arminda Suárez. "Low-Cost Ultrasonic Range Improvements for an Assistive Device." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 4250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124250.

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To achieve optimal mobility, visually impaired people have to deal with obstacle detection and avoidance challenges. Aside from the broadly adopted white cane, electronic aids have been developed. However, available electronic devices are not extensively used due to their complexity and price. As an effort to improve the existing ones, this work presents the design of a low-cost aid for blind people. A standard low-cost HC-SRF04 ultrasonic range is modified by adding phase modulation in the ultrasonic pulses, allowing it to detect the origin of emission, thus discriminating if the echo pulses come from the same device and avoiding false echoes due to interference from other sources. This improves accuracy and security in areas where different ultrasonic sensors are working simultaneously. The final device, based on users and trainers feedback for the design, works with the user’s own mobile phone, easing utilization and lowering manufacturing costs. The device was tested with a set of twenty blind persons carrying out a travel experiment and satisfaction survey. The main results showed a change in total involuntary contacts with unknown obstacles and high user satisfaction. Hence, we conclude that the device can fill a gap in the mobility aids and reduce feelings of insecurity amongst the blind.

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Parker, S., W. Buckley, A. Truesdell, M. Riggio, M. Collins, and B. Boardman. "Barriers to the Use of Assistive Technology with Children: A Survey." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 84, no. 10 (December 1990): 532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9008401013.

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This article reports on the responses of 120 teachers and habilitative specialists of multiply handicapped blind and deaf-blind children in Massachusetts to a survey on their use of assistive technology. The respondents reported problems in all areas covered by the survey: knowledge of electronic mobility aids and communication devices; the availability, maintenance, and funding of devices; and adequate information about devices. They especially mentioned the need for resources to assess and match students to appropriate devices and to generate more training for themselves.

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16

Jubril, Abimbola M., and Segun J. Samuel. "A multisensor electronic traveling aid for the visually impaired." Technology and Disability 33, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/tad-200280.

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BACKGROUND: Identifying obstacles and potholes in the pathway of the visually impaired have received much attention. While much has been done on the detection of obstacles, in the design of electronic mobility aids, much more is needed to be done on the detection of holes and drop-offs, especially those that are affordable and hands-free. This paper therefore considers the development of a wearable electronic mobility aid. METHODS: The developed system is based on the multisensor fusion approach of detection which combined three techniques, namely: a source of laser light, a camera and an ultrasonic sensor. A red line generating laser source is used to project a straight line and this is captured by the camera. The red line is deformed differently on coming in contact with holes or standing obstacles. The pattern of deformation is then extracted for obstacle and pothole recognition. The visibility of laser light is greatly reduced when the scene is extremely illuminated, so this is complemented with edge detection. The edge detection uses edges in the identification of holes and obstacles. This is combined with ultrasonic sensing, so that the presence of obstacles can be differentiated from that of holes. The outcome of detection and the distance of obstacles from the blind are relayed via an audio cue. REDULTS: Its evaluation showed better performance compared to the guide cane. It showed a reduction in collision rate by 83.25% and reduction in falling rate by 84.62%. The device received good acceptability from the users.

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17

Alexandrova, Ekaterina A., Stepan I. Akhmetov, and Mohamed R. Attia. "Advantages and Directions of Electronic Interaction in Web-Learning." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2020-9-4-385-391.

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E-learning (web-learning) is a relatively new and actively developing form of education and a field of scientific research. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to describe the advantages of electronic interaction between a teacher and a student. The hypothesis of the research was that web-learning in different directions creates many options for effective interaction between students and teachers. We revealed potentially equal opportunities for web-learning; freedom of access (freedom to choose); flexibility (mobility) of training; ability to develop in tune with the times (cultural conformity); reduction in training fees; the ability to determine the criteria for assessing knowledge (objectivity); individualization of the choice of teaching aids (freedom). We demonstrated direction of electronic interaction: a) active interaction of a student and teachers with content: interaction of students with content; teacher interaction with contents; interaction of content with content; b) personal and social interaction with a teacher, parents and peers: interaction of a student with a teacher; student-student interaction; interaction between a teacher and a teacher; c) interaction with the educational organization in the process of navigation between the interfaces of their interaction: the interaction of a student with an interface; teacher interaction with an interface; interaction with programs, applications and sites; interaction of a student with himself/herself. We propose following indicators for determining the level of interaction efficiency in web-based training programs: availability, feedback, validity of the task. The use of various orientations of web-learning by a teacher in practice will allow to ensure individualization of the choice of teaching tools, objectivity, accessibility, feedback from a student, as well as freedom of access to information, flexibility (mobility) of training, the ability to develop in tune with the times.

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Mostofa, Nafisa, Christopher Feltner, Kelly Fullin, Jonathan Guilbe, Sharare Zehtabian, Salih Safa Bacanlı, Ladislau Bölöni, and Damla Turgut. "A Smart Walker for People with Both Visual and Mobility Impairment." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103488.

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In recent years, significant work has been done in technological enhancements for mobility aids (smart walkers). However, most of this work does not cover the millions of people who have both mobility and visual impairments. In this paper, we design and study four different configurations of smart walkers that are specifically targeted to the needs of this population. We investigated different sensing technologies (ultrasound-based, infrared depth cameras and RGB cameras with advanced computer vision processing), software configurations, and user interface modalities (haptic and audio signal based). Our experiments show that there are several engineering choices that can be used in the design of such assistive devices. Furthermore, we found that a holistic evaluation of the end-to-end performance of the systems is necessary, as the quality of the user interface often has a larger impact on the overall performance than increases in the sensing accuracy beyond a certain point.

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Fahad, M. Shamiul, M. Muwyid Uzzaman Khan, and K. Siddique-e. Rabbani. "A Novel Mobility Aid for the Blind through Ultrasound Pulsed Echo Modulated Nerve Stimulation." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14692.

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There are no affordable and widely available technology based aid to give a blind person the power of free movement avoiding obstacles and dangers. Some ultrasound pulse echo based electronic aids deliver the information obtained through the echo through audio signals conveyed by means of ear phones, but these affect the capability of such an important sense organ which a blind person uses greatly to receive and discern information of the surroundings. In the present work this limitation is overcome by passing this information through nerve stimulations at a suitable point on the body, possible wrist. Here the delays of the received ultrasound echo-pulses are used to modulate the frequency of nerve stimulation, to give higher frequency for shorter distances. This was designed to match the common psychological response of attributing higher frequencies to danger, creating a natural reaction for moving away when an object is too close. The highest frequency a human nerve can be stimulated to is about 500Hz, and pulses with heights of 100V to 200V are required for stimulating nerves passing just under the skin using surface electrodes. Necessary electronic circuit design was developed and a prototype fabricated in the present work. The prototype was tested for short distances up to 20cm giving very good linear response between object distance and the stimulating frequency, with the inverse characteristics as mentioned above. Reduction of noise through proper housing and shielding will allow the device to be useful to a practical distance of about 10m using 40kHz ultrasound transducers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14692 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 87-94

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Anwer, Saba, Asim Waris, Hajrah Sultan, Shahid Ikramullah Butt, Muhammad Hamza Zafar, Moaz Sarwar, Imran Khan Niazi, Muhammad Shafique, and Amit N. Pujari. "Eye and Voice-Controlled Human Machine Interface System for Wheelchairs Using Image Gradient Approach." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 5510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195510.

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Rehabilitative mobility aids are being used extensively for physically impaired people. Efforts are being made to develop human machine interfaces (HMIs), manipulating the biosignals to better control the electromechanical mobility aids, especially the wheelchairs. Creating precise control commands such as move forward, left, right, backward and stop, via biosignals, in an appropriate HMI is the actual challenge, as the people with a high level of disability (quadriplegia and paralysis, etc.) are unable to drive conventional wheelchairs. Therefore, a novel system driven by optical signals addressing the needs of such a physically impaired population is introduced in this paper. The present system is divided into two parts: the first part comprises of detection of eyeball movements together with the processing of the optical signal, and the second part encompasses the mechanical assembly module, i.e., control of the wheelchair through motor driving circuitry. A web camera is used to capture real-time images. The processor used is Raspberry-Pi with Linux operating system. In order to make the system more congenial and reliable, the voice-controlled mode is incorporated in the wheelchair. To appraise the system’s performance, a basic wheelchair skill test (WST) is carried out. Basic skills like movement on plain and rough surfaces in forward, reverse direction and turning capability were analyzed for easier comparison with other existing wheelchair setups on the bases of controlling mechanisms, compatibility, design models, and usability in diverse conditions. System successfully operates with average response time of 3 s for eye and 3.4 s for voice control mode.

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Hirotomi, Tetsuya. "User-Adaptive Brake Assist System for Rolling Walkers." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0911.

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Rolling walkers are popular mobility aids for older adults. A rolling walker usually has two swivel front wheels and two non-swivel rear wheels. It is designed to improve stability while walking and reduce the risk of falling. However, a considerable number of users have come close to or experienced falling. We developed a user-adaptive brake assist system for the walker. In the system, the usage of a walker is modeled in combination with the walking speed and the distance from the walker to the user. A brake pattern is generated based on usage data interpolated using the inverse distance weighting method. The pattern is referenced to activate brakes with the corresponding strength while walking. The applicability was confirmed by analyzing the walking data of two older adults, and the usability was positively evaluated in experiments with seven young adults wearing elderly simulation suits.

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Wittich, Walter, Sarah Granberg, Moa Wahlqvist, M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, and Elina Mäki-Torkko. "Device abandonment in deafblindness: a scoping review of the intersection of functionality and usability through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health lens." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e044873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044873.

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ObjectivesAbandonment of vision, hearing or mobility aids suggests common barriers and facilitators to ongoing device use. However, the possible interactive effects of combined hearing and vision disabilities on device use by those living with deafblindness are unclear. Here we summarise existing knowledge on variables influencing assistive technology use from the perspective of persons living with deafblindness. We used the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework to contextualise the findings, asking ‘What is currently known about variables influencing the (non-)use of assistive devices recommended for persons with deafblindness?’DesignA scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.Data sourcesPubMed; ProQuest: ERIC; ProQuest Dissertation; ProQuest: Sociological Thesaurus; Web of Science; Scientific Electronic Library Online; Bielefeld Academic Search Engine; Pascal & Francis; APA PsycINFO and Ebsco for CINAHL were searched through 9 November 2020.Eligibility criteriaWe included peer-reviewed studies that reported on assistive technology, device abandonment/utilisation and provided data from persons living with deafblindness.Data extraction and synthesisFour team members independently scored 83 studies for eligibility.ResultsTen articles were chosen for data extraction. The emerging variables replicated established categories of barriers and facilitators: personal, device-related, environmental and intervention variables. The use of the ICF highlighted how an intermediate variable (eg, device acceptability) was necessary in order for a variable to become a barrier or a facilitator to device use.ConclusionsThe variables influencing device use by persons with deafblindness followed the same categories described for single impairments. Usability was challenged in devices that rely on the ‘other’ sense. Haptic and tactile aids are rarely studied. The limited available information and the dire need for assistive technologies for people with deafblindness emphasises the urgency of research and technology development for this marginalised population.

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23

Bizoń-Angov, Patrycja, Dominik Osiński, Michał Wierzchoń, and Jarosław Konieczny. "Visual Echolocation Concept for the Colorophone Sensory Substitution Device Using Virtual Reality." Sensors 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010237.

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Detecting characteristics of 3D scenes is considered one of the biggest challenges for visually impaired people. This ability is nonetheless crucial for orientation and navigation in the natural environment. Although there are several Electronic Travel Aids aiming at enhancing orientation and mobility for the blind, only a few of them combine passing both 2D and 3D information, including colour. Moreover, existing devices either focus on a small part of an image or allow interpretation of a mere few points in the field of view. Here, we propose a concept of visual echolocation with integrated colour sonification as an extension of Colorophone—an assistive device for visually impaired people. The concept aims at mimicking the process of echolocation and thus provides 2D, 3D and additionally colour information of the whole scene. Even though the final implementation will be realised by a 3D camera, it is first simulated, as a proof of concept, by using VIRCO—a Virtual Reality training and evaluation system for Colorophone. The first experiments showed that it is possible to sonify colour and distance of the whole scene, which opens up a possibility to implement the developed algorithm on a hardware-based stereo camera platform. An introductory user evaluation of the system has been conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed solution for perceiving distance, position and colour of the objects placed in Virtual Reality.

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Barati, F., and M. R. Delavar. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE SENSOR BASED THE BLIND ASSISTANCE WAYFINDING SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 10, 2015): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-91-2015.

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The blind and visually impaired people are facing a number of challenges in their daily life. One of the major challenges is finding their way both indoor and outdoor. For this reason, routing and navigation independently, especially in urban areas are important for the blind. Most of the blind undertake route finding and navigation with the help of a guide. In addition, other tools such as a cane, guide dog or electronic aids are used by the blind. However, in some cases these aids are not efficient enough in a wayfinding around obstacles and dangerous areas for the blind. As a result, the need to develop effective methods as decision support using a non-visual media is leading to improve quality of life for the blind through their increased mobility and independence. In this study, we designed and implemented an outdoor mobile sensor-based wayfinding system for the blind. The objectives of this study are to guide the blind for the obstacle recognition and the design and implementation of a wayfinding and navigation mobile sensor system for them. <br><br> In this study an ultrasonic sensor is used to detect obstacles and GPS is employed for positioning and navigation in the wayfinding. This type of ultrasonic sensor measures the interval between sending waves and receiving the echo signals with respect to the speed of sound in the environment to estimate the distance to the obstacles. In this study the coordinates and characteristics of all the obstacles in the study area are already stored in a GIS database. All of these obstacles were labeled on the map. The ultrasonic sensor designed and constructed in this study has the ability to detect the obstacles in a distance of 2cm to 400cm. The implementation and the results obtained from the interview of a number of blind persons who employed the sensor verified that the designed mobile sensor system for wayfinding was very satisfactory.

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Shevchenko, V., and K. Levchuk. "USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DISTANCE LEARNING." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 1, no. 38 (September 8, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.38.2021.20.

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Currently, the number of applicants who prefer distance education is growing every year. This form of learning reflects all the inherent components of the learning process such as goals, content, methods, organizational forms and means of learning. The widespread demands for this form of education and the modern realities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have created the need the development and implementation of distance learning technologies. Ensuring educational dialogue in distance learning is done with the help of telecommunication technologies. The main technologies most widely used in this form of education include a variety of video lectures, electronic multimedia textbooks, computer training and testing systems, and other. In this article the new information technologies used in the process of distance learning discussed in detail. Although we discussed advantages and disadvantages of the new information technologies. In addition, distance learning using Internet technologies is gaining more and more popularity. The Internet has a number of specific features (openness, accessibility, variability, interactivity) that must be considered when designing, creating and conducting distance learning courses. The main strengths of this form of learning, in our opinion, are flexibility, modularity, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, mobility and manufacturability. Weaknesses include the lack of direct face-to-face communication, the mandatory availability of a personal computer and access to Internet resources, the problem of user authentication when testing knowledge, the high complexity of developing distance learning courses and others. Also considered are the main models the organization of distance learning, which are used in the leading universities in the world. These include: consortium, franchising, validation, distance audiences, projects, and open learning. Thus, despite the weaknesses, modern computer telecommunications is able to provide knowledge transfer and access to various educational information equally, and sometimes much more effectively than traditional teaching aids. A variety of educational technologies can not only ensure the active involvement of students in the learning process, but also allow you to manage this process, unlike most traditional learning environments.

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Leung, Tsz-Hang, Sai-Choi Leung, and Chi-Keung Gordon Wong. "The effectiveness of an emergency physician–led frailty unit for the living-alone elderly: A pilot retrospective cohort study." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 27, no. 3 (March 24, 2019): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024907919825674.

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Background: We are facing an ageing population in Hong Kong. In response to the surge in service demand resulted from Silver Tsunami, a six-bed frailty unit was established in the Emergency Medicine Ward of Queen Elizabeth Hospital in December 2015. Frailty unit offers a bundle of multi-disciplinary approach for geriatric patients with an aim for early supported discharge. Objective: To evaluate whether this novel frailty care pathway, compared to the conventional general care pathway, would improve the outcome of the local elderly who were living alone. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who were admitted from 1 September 2015 to 31 October 2017 were included in this study. Data were retrieved from the electronic patient record (ePR) of Hospital Authority. The outcome measurements are lengths of stay in acute and convalescent hospitals, transferral rate to a convalescent hospital and 28-day re-attendance rate. Results: A total of 190 patients were recruited (150 frailty vs 40 general). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender distribution, vital signs, laboratory results, use of mobility aids, Morse fall risk scale, Norton ulcer scale and Barthel Index were similar in both groups; except a higher diastolic blood pressure in novel frailty-care pathway. The length of stay in the acute hospital is significantly shortened (2.38 vs 3.27 days, p = 0.00018). The transferral rate to a convalescent hospital was less in frailty group (21.3% vs 42.5%, p = 0.00655). There was no significant difference in terms of total (7.10 vs 10.99 days, p = 0.09638) and convalescent (22.09 vs 18.16 days, p = 0.48183) length of stay between frailty group and general group, respectively; while the 28-day re-attendance rate was similar (26.7% vs 15.0%, p = 0.12589). Conclusion: This is a pilot study to first report a novel frailty-care model for the local geriatric population. It has shown a reduction in length of stay in acute hospital and transferral rate to convalescent hospitals, while introducing a non-significant reduction in total hospital stay, maintaining 28-day re-attendance rate and at an expense of a probable increase in the convalescent stay.

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Campeau-Vallerand, Charles, François Michaud, François Routhier, Philippe S. Archambault, Dominic Létourneau, Dominique Gélinas-Bronsard, and Claudine Auger. "Development of a Web-Based Monitoring System for Power Tilt-in-Space Wheelchairs: Formative Evaluation." JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 6, no. 2 (October 26, 2019): e13560. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13560.

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Background In order to prevent pressure ulcers, wheelchair users are advised to regularly change position to redistribute or eliminate pressure between the buttocks region and the seat of the wheelchair. A power tilt-in-space wheelchair (allowing simultaneous pivoting of the seat and the backrest of the wheelchair toward the back or front) meets many clinical purposes, including pressure management, increased postural control, and pain management. However, there is a significant gap between the use of tilt as recommended by clinicians and its actual usage. A Web-based electronic health (eHealth) intervention, including a goal setting, monitoring, reminder, and feedback system of the use of power tilt-in-space wheelchairs was developed. The intervention incorporates behavior change principles to promote optimal use of tilt and to improve clinical postprocurement follow-up. Objective This study aimed to conduct a formative evaluation of the intervention prototype to pinpoint the functionalities needed by end users, namely, power wheelchair users and clinicians. Methods On the basis of an evaluation framework for Web-based eHealth interventions, semistructured interviews were conducted with power wheelchair users and clinicians. A content analysis was performed with a mix of emerging and a priori concepts. Results A total of 5 users of power tilt-in-space wheelchairs and 5 clinicians who had experience in the field of mobility aids aged 23 to 55 years were recruited. Participants found the Web interface and the physical components easy to use. They also appreciated the reminder feature that encourages the use of the tilt-in-space and the customization of performance goals. Participants requested improvements to the visual design and learnability of the Web interface, the customization of reminders, feedback about specific tilt parameters, and the bidirectionality of the interaction between the user and the clinician. They thought the current version of the intervention prototype could promote optimal use of the tilt and improve clinical postprocurement follow-up. Conclusions On the basis of the needs identified by power wheelchair users and clinicians regarding the prototype of a power tilt-in-space wheelchair monitoring system, 3 main directions were defined for future development of the intervention. Further research with new wheelchair users, manual tilt-in-space wheelchairs, various age groups, and family caregivers is recommended to continue the formative evaluation of the prototype.

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Albrecht, M., and H. P. Strunk. "Strain Induced Electronic Alterations of Dislocation Mobility GeSi Layers." physica status solidi (b) 222, no. 1 (November 2000): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200011)222:1<95::aid-pssb95>3.0.co;2-x.

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Mašić, Izet, Ahmed Novo, Šejla Deljković, Ibrahim Omerhodžić, and Alisa Piralić. "How To Assess and Improve Quality of Medical Education: Lessons Learned from Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2008): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2007.3097.

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There is no such science as medicine where half life is 7 years, what means that in 3-4 years 50% of current knowledge will be wrong. If doctors use old techniques and methods then they will cure patients wrongly. Very fast and rapid increase of biomedical sciences and medical information in certain way force medical professionals to continuity learning in order to stay update. In this project a quantitative method of examination has been used. For the purposes of the research a survey questionnaires were created consisted of 28, 35 and 18 questions for all three groups of examinees. Beside general characteristics (sex, age, faculty, and year of studies) the questionnaire included questions referring to the variables of structure, process and results in the system of education. Authors used Lickert five degree scale for the evaluation. Total of 521 students of the faculties of biomedical science in Sarajevo were surveyed; students of the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Stomatology), Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing College, students of final year and postgraduate students from Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo. On the basis of survey results authors concluded that the following should be done: The reform needs to be carried out in accordance with possibilities and needs, general faculty rules should include regulations that refer to insuring the quality of education, a continuous quality of studying needs to be insured - internal and external evaluation of the quality of work of respective education institution needs to be carried out, education standards need to be set, i.e. minimum knowledge and skills which a student needs to gain during studies is to be set, curriculums and programs need to be harmonized with countries in the region and Western Europe, Regular evaluation of lecturers needs to be done, Increase of size and content of the practical part of teaching needs to be encouraged as well as distance learning organized on Cathedra for Medical Informatics and Family Medicine at Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo, increase of international and regional mobility of students needs to be encouraged, students need to be included in the faculty reform, panel discussions need to be organized where students will be informed on the reform progress, where students can talk about their problems, give suggestions and solutions to certain situations. Students are motivated to study further when their ideas are accepted, the number of books in libraries needs to increase in accordance with financial possibilities and audio/visual and electronic aids need to be purchased and in place. Concept of quality incorporates at least three dimensions and has three different meanings. Those are: - Comparative meaning in terms of the level of perfectionist, - Quantitative meaning in terms of the level accessed and - Appropriateness for certain purpose. Objective of this study is to begin process of improvement of educational process at biomedical faculties at University of Sarajevo, but ultimate goal of all involved in medical education should be large number of health professionals who will be able to work independently and cure patients in best manner in 21st century.

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Požela, J., V. Jucienė, A. Namajūnas, and K. Požela. "Electron Mobility Engineering in 2D Structures." physica status solidi (b) 204, no. 1 (November 1997): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(199711)204:1<238::aid-pssb238>3.0.co;2-r.

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Caetano, E. W. S., J. A. P. da Costa, and V. N. Freire. "High-Frequency Electron Mobility in GaN." physica status solidi (b) 216, no. 1 (November 1999): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3951(199911)216:1<737::aid-pssb737>3.0.co;2-4.

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Kassi, H., R. M. Leblanc, and S. Hotchandani. "Hole Mobility in Microcrystalline Chlorophyll a." physica status solidi (b) 220, no. 2 (August 2000): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3951(200008)220:2<931::aid-pssb931>3.0.co;2-n.

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Sch�n, J. H. "New Phenomena in High Mobility Organic Semiconductors." physica status solidi (b) 226, no. 2 (August 2001): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200108)226:2<257::aid-pssb257>3.0.co;2-c.

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Dittrich, Th, E. A. Lebedev, and J. Weidmann. "Electron Drift Mobility in Porous TiO2 (Anatase)." physica status solidi (a) 165, no. 2 (February 1998): R5—R6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-396x(199802)165:23.0.co;2-9.

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Stojadinović, N., S. Golubović, V. Davidović, S. Djorić-Veljković, and S. Dimitrijev. "Modeling Radiation-Induced Mobility Degradation in MOSFETs." physica status solidi (a) 169, no. 1 (September 1998): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-396x(199809)169:1<63::aid-pssa63>3.0.co;2-4.

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Lin, Yi-Bing. "PBX based mobility manager for wireless local loop." International Journal of Communication Systems 13, no. 3 (2000): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1131(200005)13:3<303::aid-dac435>3.0.co;2-s.

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Ridley, B. K. "The Low-Field Electron Mobility in Bulk AlGaN." physica status solidi (a) 176, no. 1 (November 1999): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-396x(199911)176:1<359::aid-pssa359>3.0.co;2-2.

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Shigeno, Hiroshi, Hiroshi Ohshima, and Yutaka Matsushita. "HMSP: Host mobility support protocol on the internet." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 81, no. 5 (May 1998): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6424(199805)81:5<20::aid-ecja3>3.0.co;2-a.

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Obaidat, M. S., C. Ben Ahmed, and N. Boudriga. "Schemes for mobility management of wireless ATM networks." International Journal of Communication Systems 12, no. 3 (May 1999): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1131(199905/06)12:3<153::aid-dac389>3.0.co;2-h.

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Hasselbeck, M. P. "Electron Mobility in the Impact Ionization Regime of InSb." physica status solidi (b) 204, no. 1 (November 1997): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(199711)204:1<534::aid-pssb534>3.0.co;2-v.

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Arushanov, E., E. Arushanov, H. Lange, and J. Werner. "Hole Mobility in p-Type β-FeSi2 Single Crystals." physica status solidi (a) 166, no. 2 (April 1998): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-396x(199804)166:2<853::aid-pssa853>3.0.co;2-9.

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Dittrich, Th, E. A. Lebedev, and J. Weidmann. "Erratum to Electron Drift Mobility in Porous TiO2 (Anatase)." physica status solidi (a) 167, no. 1 (May 1998): R9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-396x(199805)167:13.0.co;2-i.

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Chan, Yi-Jen, Chia-Song Wu, Jen-Inn Chyl, and Jia-Lin Shieh. "GaAs-based In0.29 Al0.71As/In0.3Ga0.7As high-electron mobility transistors." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 11, no. 3 (February 20, 1996): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19960220)11:3<148::aid-mop10>3.0.co;2-7.

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Sohraby, Kazem. "Equivalent mobility traffic in circular and linear cellular arrays." International Journal of Communication Systems 11, no. 1 (January 1998): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1131(199801/02)11:1<21::aid-dac349>3.0.co;2-7.

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Kumar, V., A. Kuliev, R. Schwindt, G. Simin, J. Yang, M. Asif Khan, and I. Adesida. "High-Performance AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors on SiC." physica status solidi (a) 194, no. 2 (December 2002): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(200212)194:2<456::aid-pssa456>3.0.co;2-7.

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Bougrioua, Z., J. L. Farvacque, I. Moerman, and F. Carosella. "2DEG Mobility in AlGaN-GaN Structures Grown by LP-MOVPE." physica status solidi (b) 228, no. 2 (November 2001): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200111)228:2<625::aid-pssb625>3.0.co;2-i.

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Arushanov, E., Y. Tomm, L. Ivanenko, and H. Lange. "Hole Mobility in Cr-Doped p-Type ?-FeSi2 Single Crystals." physica status solidi (b) 210, no. 1 (November 1998): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3951(199811)210:1<187::aid-pssb187>3.0.co;2-f.

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Wu, Hang-Sheng, and Ming-Qi Weng. "Mobility of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in GaAs-AlGaAs Heterojunctions." physica status solidi (b) 214, no. 1 (July 1999): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3951(199907)214:1<107::aid-pssb107>3.0.co;2-2.

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Hoshino, K., T. Someya, and Y. Arakawa. "Structure Dependence of Electron Mobility in GaN/AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells." physica status solidi (a) 188, no. 2 (December 2001): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(200112)188:2<877::aid-pssa877>3.0.co;2-g.

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Uren, M. J., T. Martin, B. T. Hughes, K. P. Hilton, A. Wells, R. S. Balmer, D. C. Herbert, et al. "Channel Mobility in AlGaN/GaN HFETs on SiC and Sapphire Substrates." physica status solidi (a) 194, no. 2 (December 2002): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(200212)194:2<468::aid-pssa468>3.0.co;2-w.

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