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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic messages – Technological innovations"
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Hassan, Norizah, and Azirah Hashim. "Electronic English in Malaysia: features and language in use." English Today 25, no. 4 (November 19, 2009): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990435.
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ABSTRACTIn Malaysia, English on the Internet is creating its own hybrid variety.The Internet has been described as not just a technological revolution, but also a social. Different modes of communication on the internet such as chat, blogs and Twitter are speedily overtaking traditional forms of communication for both professional and leisure activities. In response to the communicative limitations of technology, a unique form of communication has emerged involving the use of new word forms, structures and styles of expression.This paper discusses the impact of technology on English in Malaysia by examining data samples from blogs, chats/instant messages (IM), e-mails and text messages. We highlight the distinctive features of Malaysian English users from different ethnic groups in this medium. Since Malaysians are generally bilingual and multilingual, we examine how and when different languages are used and comment on the innovation and creativity involved. It is hypothesised that technology impacts on this variety of English which has itself arisen from the globalisation of English, further shaping it, and thus giving rise to new blends and new styles of communication.
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Steel, Peter A. D., David Bodnar, Maryellen Bonito, Jane Torres-Lavoro, Dona Bou Eid, Andrew Jacobowitz, Amos Shemesh, et al. "MyEDCare: Evaluation of a Smartphone-Based Emergency Department Discharge Process." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 02 (March 2021): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729165.
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Abstract Background Poor comprehension and low compliance with post-ED (emergency department) care plans increase the risk of unscheduled ED return visits and adverse outcomes. Despite the growth of personal health records to support transitions of care, technological innovation's focus on the ED discharge process has been limited. Recent literature suggests that digital communication incorporated into post-ED care can improve patient satisfaction and care quality. Objectives We evaluated the feasibility of utilizing MyEDCare, a text message and smartphone-based electronic ED discharge process at two urban EDs. Methods MyEDCare sends text messages to patients' smartphones at the time of discharge, containing a hyperlink to a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant website, to deliver patient-specific ED discharge instructions. Content includes information on therapeutics, new medications, outpatient care scheduling, return precautions, as well as results of laboratory and radiological diagnostic testing performed in the ED. Three text messages are sent to patients: at the time of ED discharge with the nurse assistance for initial access of content, as well as 2 and 29 days after ED discharge. MyEDCare was piloted in a 9-month pilot period in 2019 at two urban EDs in an academic medical center. We evaluated ED return visits, ED staff satisfaction, and patient satisfaction using ED Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (ED-CAHPS) patient satisfaction scores. Results MyEDCare enrolled 27,713 patients discharged from the two EDs, accounting for 43% of treat-and-release ED patients. Of the treat-and-release patients, 27% completed MyEDCare discharge process, accessing the online content at the time of ED discharge. Patients discharged via MyEDCare had fewer 72-hour, 9-day, and 30-day unscheduled return ED visits and reported higher satisfaction related to nursing care. Conclusion EDs and urgent care facilities may consider developing a HIPAA-compliant, text message, and smartphone-based discharge process, including the transmission of test results, to improve patient-centered outcomes.
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Glaviano, Francesca, Roberta Esposito, Anna Di Cosmo, Francesco Esposito, Luca Gerevini, Andrea Ria, Mario Molinara, Paolo Bruschi, Maria Costantini, and Valerio Zupo. "Management and Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Environments through Smart Monitoring and Automation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020297.
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Monitoring of aquatic ecosystems has been historically accomplished by intensive campaigns of direct measurements (by probes and other boat instruments) and indirect extensive methods such as aero-photogrammetry and satellite detection. These measurements characterized the research in the last century, with significant but limited improvements within those technological boundaries. The newest advances in the field of smart devices and increased networking capabilities provided by emerging tools, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), offer increasing opportunities to provide accurate and precise measurements over larger areas. These perspectives also correspond to an increasing need to promptly respond to frequent catastrophic impacts produced by drilling stations and intense transportation activities of dangerous materials over ocean routes. The shape of coastal ecosystems continuously varies due to increasing anthropic activities and climatic changes, aside from touristic activities, industrial impacts, and conservation practices. Smart buoy networks (SBNs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and multi-sensor microsystems (MSMs) such as smart cable water (SCW) are able to learn specific patterns of ecological conditions, along with electronic “noses”, permitting them to set innovative low-cost monitoring stations reacting in real time to the signals of marine environments by autonomously adapting their monitoring programs and eventually sending alarm messages to prompt human intervention. These opportunities, according to multimodal scenarios, are dramatically changing both the coastal monitoring operations and the investigations over large oceanic areas by yielding huge amounts of information and partially computing them in order to provide intelligent responses. However, the major effects of these tools on the management of marine environments are still to be realized, and they are likely to become evident in the next decade. In this review, we examined from an ecological perspective the most striking innovations applied by various research groups around the world and analyzed their advantages and limits to depict scenarios of monitoring activities made possible for the next decade.
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Mugane, Maurine, and Reuben Njuguna. "Mobile Banking Services with Financial Performance on Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 22, 2019): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.84.
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The competition dimensions have changed following the adopting of various internet banking services that came about as a result of technological innovations such as the introduction of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), phone banking Personal computer banking which were some of the first innovations of electronic finance. The main objective of this study was to establish the impact of mobile banking services on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives guiding this study included to assess the influence of short message service (SMS) banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, to establish the effect of person to person payments on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, to determine the effect of bill payments on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and to find out the effect of airtime top up service on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The research design that the study adopted was a descriptive research design employing quantitative research strategies. In this study the target population under investigation was all the 40 commercial banks in Kenya. Since in the current study the target population was 80 participants from all the 40 commercial banks in Kenya a census inquiry method was the best method used. Primary data for this study was collected through the use of a questionnaire that was given senior managers from all the departments of these organizations. Both quantitative and qualitative data was generated in this study. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis whereby content of responses was looked at and responses were grouped together in relation to common patterns or themes for coherent categorization. Descriptive statistics included measures of central tendency and dispersion thus standard deviation and mean and use of absolute and relative percentage frequencies. Presentation of quantitative data was in form of graphs and tables and explanation given in prose. The study findings show that short message service had an above average positive correlation with financial performance of commercial banks and was statistically significant. Person to person had an average correlation with financial performance of commercial banks and was statistically significant. Bill payments had a strong positive correlation with financial performance of commercial banks and was statistically significant. Airtime top up service had an strong positive correlation with financial performance of commercial banks and was statistically significant. The study concludes that short message service banking has become and important part of banking, more and more people prefer to receive banking alerts through short message service which has not only improved service delivery but has had a positive impact on financial performance. Commercial banks have experiences large revenues from different activities with the banking system core among them the bill payments activities. The study recommends that it is important for commercial banks to focus more on short message service banking to lower operational costs thereby improving financial performance. Commercial banks need to consider using person to person payments to improve on their performance, they need to enhance their bill payments to get more clients paying bills using their systems so as to improve on their financial performance and that it is important for commercial banks to put more effort on airtime top up service so as to improve on their financial performance.
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Meen, Teen-Hang, and Cheng-Chien Kuo. "Special Issue on Application of Electronic Devices on Intelligent System." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131506.
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In a modern technological society, electronic engineering and design innovations are both academic and practical engineering fields that involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering designs [...]
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NAKAJIMA, Kazuhiro. "Technological Innovations in Inkjet Printers for Home Use." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 127, no. 12 (2007): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.127.802.
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Motawa, I. A., A. D. F. Price, and W. Sher. "Modelling the implementation of technological innovations in construction." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 20, no. 1/2/3 (2004): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2004.003837.
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Morozov, E. A. "INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS INTO THE PRODUCTION PROCESSES OF RADIO ELECTRONIC INSTALLATION." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 3 2021 (2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.38530.
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Ratten, Vanessa. "The Development of Social E-Enterprises, Mobile Communication and Social Networks." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 11, no. 3 (July 2013): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2013070104.
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As technological innovations have progressed, the ability of social enterprises to find creative solutions to social problems in the global economy has increased. Social electronic enterprises (e-enterprises) contribute to the well-being of society by utilizing information and communications technology that has a financial component in addition to social and environmental objectives. Social e-entrepreneurship is an effective dynamic way that organizations can achieve social objectives that facilitate change in the international environment. More recently, innovation in information and communications technology has increased the ability of individuals to establish social e-enterprises. This paper discusses the role of technological innovations in providing opportunities for social e-enterprises to develop based on mobile online services. The influence of mobile online communities in developing social e-enterprises is investigated along with how mobile communication has encouraged individuals and organisations to be involved in social e-enterprises. The changing mobile social software communications devices that have allowed individuals to build social e-enterprises using technological innovations from the internet are stated. Recommendations for the continued development of social e-enterprises that utilize emerging technological innovations are included in the paper with suggestions for future research.
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Stashchuk, Olena, and Rostyslav Martyniuk. "Banking innovations: security technology solution." VUZF Review 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.6.08.
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The article identifies the essence of the concept of banking innovations and their role in the financial security of banking institutions. Features of development of technological banking innovations in Ukraine, including in the conditions of influence of COVID-19 are considered. The characteristics of banking innovations are considered, the criteria to be met by banking innovations both on the part of the client and on the part of the bank are identified. The classification of banking innovations according to such features as: by time aspect, by novelty, by causes of occurrence, by volume of influence, by influence on behavior, by scale of innovation, etc. is given. It is proved that the financial security of a banking institution should provide protection of banks from the impact of external and internal threats, as well as minimize the level of their negative impact. The basic principles of financial security of banking innovations in order to ensure the stable development of the latter are described. It is established that the most relevant and in demand in the market in the development of coronavirus infection were such technological innovations of remote capabilities as: contactless payments, online services, mobile banking applications, electronic money transfers, virtual cards. The peculiarities of the use of technological innovations by banking institutions in Ukraine and their impact on the security of banking institutions and customers are noted.
In order to conduct the study, such general scientific and specific research methods were used as: the logical method, the method of analysis and synthesis, the system method, the method of theoretical generalization, the grouping method, the expert method and the method of logical analysis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic messages – Technological innovations"
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Barnardt, Gerard Louis. "Electronic communication in the workplace : employer vs employee legal rights." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49942.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The monitoring of electronic communication is likely to face all employers sooner or later. The rapid advancement in technology aimed at helping to monitor electronic communication, makes it easier than ever before for employers to monitor the electronic communications of their employees. There are important questions to consider when dealing with the topic of monitoring electronic communication. Examples include "mayan employer legally monitor electronic communications?" and "how does monitoring affect the employee's right to privacy?" This thesis is an attempt to answer these and other related questions by analysing, inter alia, South African legislation, the Constitution and case law, as well as comparing the law as it applies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The analysis and conclusion offered in this thesis aim to provide theoretical consideration to academics and practical application for employers that are faced with the reality of monitoring electronic communications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle werkgewers sal waarskynlik die een of ander tyd met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie gekonfronteer word. Die snelle voortuitgang in tegnologie wat daarop gemik is om te help met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie, maak dit vir werkgewers makliker as ooit tevore om sodanige kommunikasies van hulle werknemers te monitor. Daar is egter belangrike vrae wat oorweeg moet word wanneer die onderwerp van monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie ter sprake kom. Voorbeelde hiervan is "mag 'n werknemer regtens elektroniese kommunikasies monitor?" en "hoe raak monitering die werknemer se reg tot privaatheid?" Hierdie tesis is 'n poging om hierdie en ander verwante vrae te beantwoord deur die ontleding van, onder andere, Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, die Grondwet en die reg soos deur hofuitsprake ontwikkel, sowel as vergelyking van die reg soos wat dit van toepassing is in die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die ontleding en gevolgtrekking wat in hierdie tesis aangebied word, is gemik op die verskaffing van teoretiese oorweging aan akademici en praktiese toepassing vir werkgewers wat met die realiteit van die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasies gekonfronteer word.
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McLaughlin, Louise A. "The influence of electronic mail on communication patterns among educators /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79790.
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In the late 1990s, the Ministere de l'Education du Quebec (MEQ) undertook a reform program that would reframe the educational system. Technology and pedagogy were seen as needing realignment to better meet a student-centered, technology-driven, lifelong learning experience. The New Reform as this new framework is known will be fully implemented by 2008 and educators are its pivotal agents. With Information and Communications Technologies being central to the new reform, this qualitative study looks at educator use of the most widely used Internet application, electronic mail. Very little research has looked at how pervasive electronic mail has become among educators and how it is affecting their multidirectional, multilayered roles as educators. Data originate from respondent electronic mail, a literature review, and the author's personal experience. Outcomes, reached through inductive analysis, reveal that educators continue to experience difficulty manipulating electronic mail technology even though they appreciate its multiple advantages. How electronic mail can facilitate networked communication and educator teamwork to better translate the MEQ's new reform successfully is the focus of this study. Implications derived from the outcomes are discussed in view of enhancing ongoing contributions by Quebec educators.
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Adesida, Olugbenga Jacob. "Intermediating institutions and the diffusion of complex technological innovations : the case of electronic commerce." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421875.
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Wu, Fang. "Bringing "E" to corporate America : the drivers of e-business adoption and its impact on firm performance." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037027.
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Baxter, David. "Perception of organisational politics and workplace innovation : an investigation of the perceptions and behaviour of staff in an Australian IT services organisation /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/46062.
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Thesis (D.B.A.)--Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2004.A thesis submitted to the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 2004. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-230).
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Chandna, Vallari. "Virtual Entrepreneurship: Explicating the Antecedents of Firm Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849704/.
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Prior research has examined entrepreneurial businesses spatially located in the physical or offline context; however, recent radical information and technological breakthroughs allow entrepreneurs to launch their businesses completely online. The growth of the online business industry has been phenomenal. Predictions for worldwide online sales estimate it to reach $2 trillion in 2016. Virtual entrepreneurship refers to the pursuit and exploitation of opportunities via virtual platforms. Web 2.0 cybermediaries offer web-based platforms that function similarly to traditional intermediaries in a virtual setting and minimize barriers to entry for virtual entrepreneurial firms. The use of such cybermediaries with increasing success suggests an implicit shift in the dominant logic that typically underpins the functioning of entrepreneurial firms operating in the physical world. In this relatively uncharted territory, marked by a focus on profit, cooperation, collaboration and community, three ideal-type institutional logics i.e. Market, Corporation and Community, blend together. It is posited that a Virtual Entrepreneurial Logic guides the norms, behaviors, and practices of entrepreneurial firms operating via these virtual platforms. This raises the question whether the blending of three ideal-type logics leads to the existence of different antecedents of performance. A business model antecedent addressing the economic dimension, a community antecedent addressing the community dimension and a co-creation antecedent addressing the collaborative dimension of the Virtual Entrepreneurial Logic were therefore empirically examined in this study. Thus, three research questions were investigated to explicate the antecedents. Primary data from 1396 virtual entrepreneurial firms was collected (business model antecedent n=366, community antecedent n=732 and co-creation antecedent n= 298) to test the proposed hypotheses. Results provided support for the three antecedents. This study makes important theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the domain of virtual entrepreneurship from a blended logics perspective. Using the theoretical lens provided by institutional logics helps shed light on the pivotal role played by cybermediary platforms in the Web 2.0 context. The primary role of synergistic effects, cooperative behavior, and collaboration have important implications for virtual entrepreneurship. Findings also contribute to other related streams in entrepreneurship such as microenterprises. The study offers theoretical extensions of prior work on co-creation to virtual small entrepreneurial ventures. From a practical standpoint, insights can help entrepreneurs to better understand and leverage performance drivers in virtual contexts in general and on cybermediary platforms in particular.
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Camargo, Antonio Pires de. "Desenvolvimento de um medidor eletrônico de vazão utilizando célula de carga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-19022010-080513/.
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Novos equipamentos e tecnologias disponíveis no mercado vêm desempenhando papel crucial para o desenvolvimento e modernização do setor agrícola. A eletrônica e a automação têm-se mostrado cada vez mais importante e necessária neste processo de evolução, agilizando atividades, bem como reduzindo custos, principalmente aqueles associados à mão-de-obra demandada para execução de tarefas rotineiras. No contexto de irrigação verifica-se um objetivo comum referente à adoção de técnicas que propiciem a otimização da utilização de água pelas culturas, maximizando a eficiência dos processos de distribuição e aplicação de água e minimizando as perdas. Acerca disto, o conhecimento ou estimativa da vazão em um sistema de irrigação torna-se imprescindível ao se pensar em um plano de irrigação ou manejo de água eficiente. Existem diversos instrumentos e métodos de estimativa de vazão, cada qual com suas vantagens e limitações. Portanto, considerando um ideal de inovação tecnológica, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um instrumento de medição de vazão utilizando dispositivos eletrônicos, de fácil utilização e baixo custo. Deste modo, este trabalho teve como objetivos: a) Desenvolver um medidor eletrônico de vazão utilizando célula de carga; b) Realizar testes hidráulicos e gerar uma equação matemática que represente a vazão instantânea em um conduto forçado, no qual o medidor estará instalado; e c) Determinar parâmetros de desempenho para o medidor desenvolvido. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da ESALQ/ USP em Piracicaba SP. Desenvolveu-se um medidor de vazão que se enquadra na categoria de medidores do tipo força, no qual estão disponíveis opções de acesso a rotinas de medição, calibração e configurações. Na rotina de medição a leitura de vazão é atualizada aproximadamente a cada 7 segundos, sendo possível selecionar e alterar a unidade de exibição da vazão instantânea. O equipamento consta de uma rotina de calibração, na qual foi implementado o Método dos Mínimos Quadrados para definição de coeficientes de ajuste de uma equação de regressão ao conjunto de dados coletados nesta rotina. O procedimento de calibração do medidor foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de dispensar a necessidade de mão-de-obra especializada, bem como equipamento, computadores e métodos mais complexos e de difícil acesso. A tela de configurações permite observar e ajustar a equação de regressão utilizada, bem como ativar ou desativar a transmissão de dados via serial (RS-232) para computadores. O medidor proposto é capaz de operar na faixa de 7 a 28 m³.h-1 com erro máximo de ±1,4 m³.h-1 (±2,7%), sendo o coeficiente K de perda de carga localizada aproximadamente 0,55. Para as condições de estudo, a força de arraste máxima esperada sobre o conjunto anteparo-alavanca é próxima de 1,87 N, acarretando um esforço na célula de carga de até 3 N.New available equipments and technologies in the market are each time more important for the agricultural section development and modernization. The electronics and automation area have great value on this evolution, speeding up activities as well as decreasing costs, mainly those costs regarding with necessary labor to execute routine tasks. On irrigation there is a common objective of choosing techniques that optimize crops water use, increasing efficiency and reducing losses of water distribution and application processes. The flow metering in an irrigation system is indispensable stuff when an efficient water management is desired. There are many tools, devices and methods of flow metering each one with its respective features. Considering a technology innovation principle this work had the purpose to develop an electronic flow meter easy to use and low cost, using electronic devices. Nevertheless this research had the following objectives: a) An electronic flow meter development by using load cell; b) Hydraulics tests in order to determine a math equation that matches the instantly flow inside a pipeline; and c) Flow meter assess determining performance parameters. The research was done at Hydraulics Laboratory, Rural Engineering Department (Laboratório de Hidráulica - Departamento de Engenharia Rural), ESALQ/USP on Piracicaba-SP-Brazil. The developed equipment is based on drag force that a body experiences when immersed in a fluid stream. The flow meter developed has some screen options allowing user tasks definition like: metering, calibration, and make some internal configurations. In the metering task the flow value is updated on intervals close to 7 seconds being possible to select or change units showing flow results. The calibration task was developed to avoid or release the specialized labor need, equipments, computers or any sophisticated and complex method. In this task, it was implemented Least Square Method in order to calculate coefficients of a fitting equation. This equation was used to estimate flow from digital signals acquired from the electronic circuit. The configuration interface allows the visualization and change the fitting equation used by the system. It also allows the data transmission for computers by serial port (RS-232 protocol). The proposed flow meter is able to work from 7 to 28 m³.h-1 with uncertainty of ±1.4 m³.h-1 (± 2.7%). The coefficient of local head loss (K) was close to 0.55 for Reynolds number values higher than 105. In this work, the greatest drag force expected acting on the flat circular body and cylindrical object is about 1.87 N, resulting in a force on load cell up to 3 N.
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Kenny, Peter. "News agencies as content providers and purveyors of news: A mediahistoriographical study on the development and diversity of wire services." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1616.
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Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.This study examines the history, development and diversity of news agencies. It studies the major agencies and pinpoints how smaller wire services that sometimes purvey niche news seek to offer a more diverse global news-flow. The linkage between news agencies and technological developments, and how wire services have helped advance technology, is examined since the first agencies began in the 1800s, up to the current era of the Internet. The rise of television and the subsequent ascent of the Internet prompted new demands for more diverse news procurement. This accelerated the convergence of different media and has exposed challenges and opportunities to news agencies, large and small. Alongside the telegraph, news wire services expanded from supplying news and information locally to being global players, helping the world shrink. The mediahistoriographical approach engages a critical examination of literature sources regarding the development of the major wire services, and some of the smaller players. The literature, along with interviews with news agency experts, provides the material to examine wire services. The study shows how some original agencies leveraged opportunities offered by their standing in powerful nations to become dominant transnational players. The ascendancy of the mega-agencies compounded limited news-flows from developed to poorer nations, while an expansion of diversified news-flows has not matched technological progression. This study concludes by recommending greater recognition of the importance of news agencies and more scholarly examination of them, as studies on them appear scarce compared to those on other media branches, such as newspapers, the electronic media and the Internet. More studies into the development of both mainstream and alternative news agencies would pave the way for a better understanding of how they function and could provide clues as to how they might be able to better sustain themselves as more diverse entities for the benefit of the public discourse. Through the above, this dissertation seeks to contribute, in a small way, to rectifying a knowledge disparity regarding a key component of the mass media, namely the news agency.
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Carter, William R. "Incumbent Response to Radical Technological Innovation: the Influence of Competitive Dynamics on Strategic Choice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804843/.
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Prior research on incumbent firm response to radical technological innovation identifies firm, technology, and environmental factors associated with incumbents’ performance after a technology shift. What remains unexplored are factors affecting choice of response made before a technological shift occurs. Such ex ante choices are important intermediate outcomes affecting long-term performance outcomes. Competitive considerations may be influential inputs in choice processes because technological innovation is often related to competitive strategy. The resulting research question for this study is: What role do competitive considerations play in incumbent firms’ ex ante strategic choices in response to potentially radical technological innovations? Findings from a survey of key informants in the electronics industry whose firms face a potential technological disruption (n=120) suggest that incumbents’ response choices are affected by competitor-related orientations and by perceptions of relative strength of their strategic assets. Limited support is found for a moderating effect of perceptions of the competitive environment. The results of this study extend theory on incumbent response to radical technological change by shedding light on the influence of competitor interdependence. Findings also suggest the importance of strategic choice as an intermediate variable in understanding incumbents’ long-term performance. Research examining choice factors at varied stages of a technology’s diffusion can further advance understanding of the evolving nature of strategic response choices and the effects they have on long-term performance.
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Buzy, Musikavanhu Tichaona. "Consumer adoption of online grocery shopping In the Cape Metropolitan Area, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2656.
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Thesis (MTech (Retail Business Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The growth and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) such as the Internet across the globe, has been phenomenal. For both businesses and consumers, the Internet birthed new and highly effective and efficient avenues for communicating and transacting. The use of the Internet as a business trading platform known as e-commerce became popular in the 1990s and has inevitably led to the mushrooming of online retailers. The growth of this non-store retail segment poses a threat to traditional brick and mortar retail stores, although retail experts now view online retailing as an evolution rather than a revolution. Previously, non-grocery merchandise was the predominant commodity that was being sold online, but there is now growing evidence of online grocery shopping (OGS). Most developed nations such as UK, USA, France and Finland are considered to have well-developed online grocery markets, yet developing countries such as South Africa are still at an infancy stage. Most research about OGS had a Eurocentric view, and there are limited studies that focus on other parts of the world such as Africa. This research study took a consumer-centric perspective to understand consumer adoption of OGS, with the specific aim of determining factors that influence consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt OGS in the Cape Metropolitan area of South Africa. This study followed a quantitative research approach and a statistically derived sample size of 455 respondents was used. These respondents were conveniently selected at shopping malls in the Cape Metropolitan area. Of the questionnaires that were distributed, 391 questionnaires were usable and were captured on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for the purpose of data analysis. The findings of the study showed that most respondents were black single females aged between 26 and 45 years with a diploma education level. The study also showed that 84.9% (n=391) of respondents had not adopted OGS, which indicated that most respondents were still accustomed to in-store grocery shopping. Using the Generalised Linear Model to determine which factors influenced consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt OGS, only Perceived Cost (PCo) had a significant influence on consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt OGS. Other factors such as Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Visibility (VIS), Perceived Risk (PR), Perceived Image Barrier (PIB) and Social Attractiveness (SAT) had an indirect influence on consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt OGS. Based on the findings of the study in order to improve consumer adoption of OGS, the following recommendations have been made. Firstly, that online grocery managers and e-marketers should market OGS emphasising the usefulness and cost effectiveness of using it while at the same time factors such as PU, PEOU, VIS, PR, VIS, PIB and SAT should also be integrated into the communication campaigns. Secondly, that further research can be done to find ways that grocery retailers can use retain online grocery shoppers.
Books on the topic "Electronic messages – Technological innovations"
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Martin, David. Data elements for an EDI 'Book product information' message. London: Book Industry Communication, 1992.
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Martin, David. Data elements for an EDI 'Book product information' message. London: Book Industry Communication, 1995.
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Fitch, Brad. Communicating with Congress: How Capitol Hill is coping with the surge in citizen advocacy. Washington, D.C: Congressional Management Foundation, 2005.
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Fitch, Brad. Communicating with Congress: How Capitol Hill is coping with the surge in citizen advocacy. Washington, D.C: Congressional Management Foundation, 2005.
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Goldschmidt, Kathy. Communicating with Congress: How the Internet has changed citizen engagement. Washington, D.C: Congressional Management Foundation, 2008.
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Goldschmidt, Kathy. Communicating with Congress: How the Internet has changed citizen engagement. Washington, D.C: Congressional Management Foundation, 2008.
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(In) Appropriate online behavior: A pragmatic analysis of message board relations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013.
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Hussey, G. Art. Electronic technology: Impact on extension systems : Electronic Technology Task Force report May 1985. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1985.
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Marlow, Eugene. Electronic public relations. Belmont: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1996.
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Canada, Communications. Communications for the twenty-first century: Media and messages in the information age. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Electronic messages – Technological innovations"
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Ponomarenko, E., A. Oganesyan, and V. Teslenko. "The Evolution of Electronic Education in English Language in Russian Higher Education Institutions." In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 544–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_66.
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Archer, Norm. "Electronic Marketplace Support for B2B Business Transactions." In Electronic Services, 85–93. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch007.
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Information systems that link businesses for the purpose of inter-organizational transfer of business transaction information (inter-organizational information systems or IOIS) have been in use since the 1970s (Lankford & Riggs, 1996). Early systems relied on private networks using electronic data interchange (EDI) or United Nations EDIFACT standards for format and content of transaction messages. Due to their cost and complexity, the use of these systems was confined primarily to large companies, but low cost Internet commercialization has led to much more widespread adoption of IOIS. Systems using the Internet and the World Wide Web are commonly referred to as B2B (business to business) systems, supporting B2B electronic commerce. Technological innovations have led to several forms of B2B Internet implementations, often in the form of online exchanges or electronic marketplaces (Wang et al., 2005). These are virtual marketplaces where buyers and sellers exchange information about prices, products, and service offerings, and negotiate business transactions. They are major components of the supply chains that they support. In addition to substituting proprietary lines of communication, emerging technologies and public networks have also facilitated new business models and new forms of interaction and collaboration in areas such as collaborative product engineering or joint offerings of complex, modularized products. During the years 1999-2001, a number of online exchanges were introduced, but many of these failed (Gallaugher & Ramanathan, 2002) due mainly to an inability to attract participating business partners, but also because potential participants and their business partners did not perceive enough value added through the significant investment they required. Those that have survived are often owned by companies or consortia that are also exchange customers or suppliers. The objective of this overview is to describe the evolution and the characteristics of B2B Internet implementations, and to discuss management considerations, the evaluation, and adoption of B2B applications, and the technical infrastructure supporting these systems. We also indicate some of the open issues that remain as the technology and its adoption continues to evolve.
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Mbinkeu, Rodrigue Carlos Nana. "New Perspectives of Mobile Payment Platform for Developing Countries." In Electronic Payment Systems for Competitive Advantage in E-Commerce, 308–24. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5190-6.ch015.
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Mobile phones have become substantially more popular and sophisticated as African consumers have become remarkably comfortable with their use. This chapter shows the impact of the growing adoption of mobile payments as a financial transaction medium for money transfer, retail payments, or micropayments in Africa. Adoption was slow due to the nature of the mobile technology supporting the concept. The author shows how these innovations will continue to improve the quality of life of Africans, especially those in rural areas. He presents M-Pesa as a mobile payment system, which has had great success in Kenya. The author identifies the fundamental principles of success; thus, this enables the author to create an ECOPAY platform, which is an innovative mobile payment platform for emerging markets. The platform provides different types of m-payment like as B2C, B2B, or P2P using the mobile phone or others devices. Each transaction is secure by using encrypted messages and encrypted connections between the devices and the ECOPAY servers. The solution is based on the social and technological environment in developing countries.
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Archer, Norm. "Management Considerations for B2B Online Exchanges." In Business Information Systems, 1740–47. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-969-9.ch105.
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Information systems that link businesses for the purpose of inter-organizational transfer of business transaction information (inter-organizational information systems, or IOIS) have been in use since the 1970s (Lankford & Riggs, 1996). Early systems relied on private networks, using electronic data interchange (EDI) or United Nations EDIFACT standards for format and content of transaction messages. Due to their cost and complexity, the use of these systems was confined primarily to large companies, but low-cost Internet commercialization has led to much more widespread adoption of IOIS. Systems using the Internet and the World Wide Web are commonly referred to as B2B (business-to-business) systems, supporting B2B electronic commerce. Technological innovations have led to several forms of B2B Internet implementations, often in the form of online exchanges. These are virtual marketplaces where buyers and sellers exchange information about prices, products, and service offerings, and negotiate business transactions. In addition to substituting proprietary lines of communication, emerging technologies and public networks have also facilitated new business models and new forms of interaction and collaboration, in areas such as collaborative product engineering or joint offerings of complex, modularized products. During the years 1999-2001 a number of online exchanges were introduced, but many of these failed (Gallaugher & Ramanathan, 2002), due mainly to an inability to attract participating business partners. Those that have survived are often owned by companies or consortia that are also exchange customers or suppliers. The objective of this overview is to describe the evolution and the characteristics of B2B Internet implementations, and to discuss management considerations, the evaluation and adoption of B2B applications, and the technical infrastructure supporting these systems. We also indicate some of the open issues that remain as the technology and its adoption continues to evolve.
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Esposito, Christian, and Domenico Cotroneo. "Resilient and Timely Event Dissemination in Publish/Subscribe Middleware." In Technological Innovations in Adaptive and Dependable Systems, 1–20. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0255-7.ch001.
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Recently we have witnessed an increasing demand of fault-tolerant communications in publish/subscribe middleware. Although several reliable solutions have been proposed, none of them address the problem of achieving a resilient and timely event dissemination. We investigate how guaranteeing assured message dissemination despite occurrence of network faults without breaking temporal constraints. The contribution of this article is on devising a FEC approach where encoding functionality is placed at the root and on a subset of interior nodes in the multicast tree. Simulations-based experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach allows all the interested subscribers to receive all the published messages and the adopted resiliency mean does not affect the performance of the multicast protocol.
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Bussler, Christoph. "Business-to-Business (B2B) Integration." In Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications, 828–36. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch087.
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Businesses world-wide started exchanging electronic business messages with each other around 1970. This coincides with the emergence of wide-area computer networks. Immediately businesses realized the potential in sending electronic messages instead of paper letters in order to conduct business electronically with each other. Computer networks provided a significant increase of transmission speed, less failures due to message loss and direct processing of messages upon receipt without error prone manual transcripts from paper to computer terminals or vice versa. Overall, business interactions became a lot more reliable and efficient.
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Rani, Anshu, Urmila Itam, and Shivaprasad H. N. "Determinants of Customer Engagement in Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) Communication." In Insights, Innovation, and Analytics for Optimal Customer Engagement, 196–225. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3919-4.ch011.
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The technological advancement in the usage of social networking sites (SNSs) has grown beyond boundaries. This expansion helps organizations to capture the attention of online customers towards their products and services. The primary purpose of the study is to list the drivers of eWOM credibility and explore its role in customer engagement at SNSs. A conceptual model that categorizes source credibility, trustability, knowledge, tie strength, and homophily are identified as the drivers of eWOM source credibility in SNSs. Similarly, valence, volume, consistency, emotions, quality, and rating are listed as the drivers of eWOM message credibility. This study suggested that drivers of eWOM will impact on customer engagement and that will, in turn, result in building a positive attitude, brand image, and behaviour towards the product or service listed in the SNSs. Further, the study discusses the theoretical and managerial implications in engaging customers through eWOM.
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Kozyris, Phaedon John. "Controlling Electronic Intrusion by Unsolicited Unwanted Bulk Spam." In Socioeconomic and Legal Implications of Electronic Intrusion, 136–47. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-204-6.ch008.
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The ordinary and uncomplicated Spam menace is made possible by technological advances which enable the sender to dispatch millions if not billions of commercial messages without significant monetary cost and without wasting time. The present review will focus on fundamentals, exploring what has already been done and suggesting avenues of improvement. The chapter promotes basic approaches of handling Spam depending on the actions and choices of the receiver. The anti-Spam campaign needs effective enforcement powers and should be able to use all available technological know-how. As the vagaries of enforcement are presented, the role of the Internet Service Providers and advertisers is envisaged.
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Badr, Youakim, Nanjangud C. Narendra, and Zakaria Maamar. "Business Artifacts for E-Business Interoperability." In Electronic Business Interoperability, 15–36. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-485-1.ch002.
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Traditional solutions to address interoperability issues are mainly process-centric so that consistent interactions among collaborating enterprises are ensured. These solutions examine interoperability from a technological perspective with focus on exchanging information messages between distributed and heterogeneous applications. However, interoperability from a business perspective has been overlooked in the past due to the complexity of reconciling diverse business strategies, organizational constraints, and IT infrastructures. Business interoperability denotes the ability of diverse enterprises to collaborate together to coproduce added-value products and services. In this chapter, a new line of thinking is promoted whereby interoperability is data-centric instead of process-centric. Business interoperability is dealt with by adopting business artifacts that are able to cross organizational boundaries, and by introducing a stack of three layers - strategy, service, and resource. Artifacts are self-contained business records that include attributes, states, and life cycles that reflect the changes in these states. The artifact concept not only describes a business entity, but also encompasses knowledge about what to process without explaining how to do it. The shift from processes to artifacts makes business interoperability “quite simple’’ to deploy and renders collaboration easy to manage and analyze. The chapter also introduces several interaction patterns that regulate the exchange of artifacts between enterprises. The ideas and proposals in this chapter are discussed via a realistic case-study to demonstrate how business people can seamlessly manage their day-to-day activities and intuitively construct interoperable and sustainable collaborations at the business and technological levels.
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Iverson, Jennifer. "Reclaiming Technology." In Electronic Inspirations, 105–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868192.003.0005.
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In the transition from World War II to the Cold War, military innovations were domesticated and repurposed for civilian, scientific, and cultural advancement. Information theory is one such discourse—birthed from Shannon’s wartime cryptography work at Bell Labs—that burgeoned outward in a series of connected, interdisciplinary spirals in the 1950s. The WDR studio was a locale where wartime “technology” (defined broadly to include ideas) was reclaimed for cultural gain. After the initial experiments of the early 1950s, composers found themselves hemmed in by technological limits and unhappy with the serial, pointillist music they had so far made. Enter Meyer-Eppler, a former Nazi communications researcher turned phonetics scientist and electronic music expert, whose information-theoretic teachings helped composers solve their problems in several ways: to understand when their music had been too information dense; to incorporate gestures, approximations, and perceptible shapes; and to circumvent the technological limitations of the studio. The core concepts of information theory—perception, sampling and continuity, and probability—became the foundation for much mid-1950’s music from a range of composers in the studio and beyond. Working cooperatively, scientists, technicians, and composers participated in a process of culturally reclaiming information theory from its wartime origin, making it the conceptual foundation for 1950’s avant-garde music.
Conference papers on the topic "Electronic messages – Technological innovations"
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"12. Industrial Management, Management of Technological Innovations." In 2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus49466.2020.9039494.
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Dias-da-Fé, Armando Lopes, Delfina Gomes, and Lídia Oliveira. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between e-Government, Accounting and Technological Innovations." In ICEGOV '15-16: 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2910019.2910031.
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Valero Tévar, Miguel Ángel, and Nuria Huete Alcocer. "LA APLICACIÓN DE NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS EN LA DOCUMENTACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA DE LA VILLA ROMANA DE NOHEDA Y SU PROYECCIÓN TURÍSTICA DIGITAL." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3998.
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The Roman villa of Noheda has become one of the crucial site to understand the messages that the high Roman aristocracy intended to convey by the building infrastructure in these large rural complex of Late Antiquity. Therefore, for the application of a correct archaeological methodology we should add the use of the most modern techniques of research and analysis that were within our grasp, in order to document in the best possible detail, the archaeological remains. Understanding that only through a close reading we can get to properly decrypt the data housed in the cluster of structures and artifacts hosted in the stratigraphic sequence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present concisely, how technological advances have been used such as ground penetrating radar, 3D scanning, laser scanner, photogrammetry, etc. and the best results which have been obtained. In the same way, we will explain that these results are just a first step, because today the project of musealisation of the site has begun in order to be ready for its opening to the public and, within the innovations that bring the new technologies will be taken into account and they will be used in situ with mobile telephony, such as 3D modeling of parts and its Georeferencing, the increased virtual reality, etc. Nonetheless we must not forget other advances which help understand, spread and bring archeology closer to society.
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Kulkarni, Swanand, Prakash Dabeer, Sandip Kale, and Suresh M. Sawant. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Some Innovative Wind Turbines." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53463.
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A rapid development in wind turbine technology took place during the Second World War and oil crisis of 1973. It continued during twentieths century, which resulted in turbines with bigger size and more advanced technology. Today, large wind turbines are becoming more competitive in the field of electricity generation because of economical production of electricity and availability at rural and remote locations. They have occupied remarkable share in world renewable power generation among various renewable energy sources. On the other hand small wind turbines are not accepted well because of lack of assured performance, cost, efficiency, etc. Therefore some researchers are trying to develop new wind turbine systems to convert wind energy in to electricity. Innovations in the design wind turbine to make them compatible for household use and also to favor their installations by building more eye-catching, efficient and economical wind turbine. To increase acceptability of wind turbines, wind turbine should satisfy the most of the criteria listed in the present study such as, ability to catch the wind from all the direction, self starting, light weight, inexpensive, maintenance free, low weight tower-top system and hence supporting structure, light weight and efficient generator, efficient wind to mechanical energy conversion and manufacturing simplicity at affordable cost and reliable performance. Present study focused on the innovative wind turbines that installed as an offshore and onshore technology. There are more than one hundred of different innovative wind turbine designs listed research papers, books, magazines and internet. In present paper, innovative design aspects of some of these turbines discussed with the technological challenges. Innovations are in the area of blade profile design, aerodynamic shape of the wind turbine, reduction of noise and vibrations, the material of the blade, mechanical and electronic instruments such as gearbox and electronic power circuit, suitability to the application, etc. The aims of these innovations are improvement in the efficiency of the wind turbine; increase in power output and to lower the overall cost. At the end of paper the technological challenges that these innovations overcome, innovative concept and feasibility of the concept are discussed. These innovations include spiral wind turbine, VAWT with accelerator, Windpax-Collapsible portable wind turbine, multi-rotor wind turbines, diffuser augmented wind turbines and floating wind turbines.
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Yengin, Hülya. "Accreditation in Communication Faculties." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.014.
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Technological development changes the communication field in the global world. The global economy has created a global market in the global communication field within the scope of technological innovations. The global culture is impacting the global society with the new dimension the electronic mass media acquired. Global communication media and content have been transformed. This change and transformation change the individual and communal living forms, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. Differentiation in the global communication field also transforms the communication education in the higher education. Departments of communication faculties are expected to train graduates with the knowledge, skill and competencies the industry seeks. Besides the state universities, new departments have been opened in addition to the current departments of foundation universities. In terms of the diploma of communication graduate to be recognized and accepted in the international arena at global level, the first studies was Bologna. The process is continuing with the studies of quality and accreditation in higher education. Evaluation and Accreditation Board for Communication Education (ILEDAK) was established within The Communication Research Association (ILAD) in 2016 in the communication education field. Departments of the communication faculties were started to become accredited since 2018. With the decision taken by the Council of Higher Education (YÖK), education was carried out online due to the pandemic in 2020. Within this context, accreditation studies were also carried out online. In this study, the effect of the global technology and the pandemic on communication education and accreditation studies are analyzed.
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Poranki, Srikanth, Nagen Nagarur, and Krishnaswami Srihari. "Mapping Growth of an Emerging Technology: A Case Study of Flexible Electronics." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89315.
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Technological innovation is viewed as one of the main economic multipliers. In high-technology sectors, with intense competition and short product life cycles, failure to detect an emerging technology could be devastating to both incumbent technology pursuers and innovators. Firms typically employ methods such as a Delphi method, Technology growth curves or technology road-mapping methods to identify and forecast growth. Some of these methods are based on a life cycle approach where a technology is expected to follow an S-curve and then become obsolete in due time, which is analogous to market diffusion of products. In the case of emerging technologies, forecasting methods are not always reliable due to lack of historical data. Hence, both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to forecast; however, there are risks associated with both of these methods. A general consensus in technology forecasting community is to apply multiple methods for forecasting. In the last few decades there has been explosion of new technologies, especially in the high-technology sector of electronics. Several new applications such as Large Area Displays (several square feet in area), low cost electronics (e.g. RFID tags being manufactured for pennies or cents per unit) and body conformable electronic applications are a few of a long and growing list. The aforementioned applications could broadly be categorized to form a new and emerging field of electronics called flexible electronics. These applications utilize the rugged lightweight plastics to potentially offer attractive characteristics such as low-cost processing, mechanical flexibility, large area coverage, etc. these characteristics are not easily implemented with established silicon technologies. This research analyzes flexible electronics technology by first identifying a few key innovations. Patent and publications data are collected and technology growth curves based on the indicators would be generated, and compared with those of incumbent technology innovations, to assess technology growth potential. Based on the study, technology adoption strategies would also be recommended by which business leaders could anticipate and plan for the effects of these innovations.
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Lujan, Carlos, Cesar Elpuente, and Oriol Flix. "New assessment and testing methodology for vehicle type approval." In EuroBrake 2022. FISITA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/eb2022-ibc-003.
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"Technological innovations in the field of Connected and Automated Driving have a strong impact in different areas in the automotive industry. Among those areas, the effect on vehicle homologation procedures is game changing, in a way that requires a brand-new approach. Traditionally, the homologation process based on the UNECE Regulatory framework has been a single step at the end of the development phase, where regulations normally defined a series of repeatable scenarios to be evaluated, where the effect of the driver is typically suppressed by means of the measurement of the inputs on the vehicle commands or by means of the use of driving robots. This approach was initially challenged by the introduction of assisted systems, such as Advance Emergency Brake. Those systems are commanded by Electronic Control Systems which, in some circumstances, may control certain vehicle functions, such as braking or steering. The introduction of such functions required a different approach to the vehicle type approval, to evaluate possible failures associated to the Electronic Control Systems. In such context, concepts such as Functional Safety (FuSa) or Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) were introduce as part of the type approval process. This new approach turned the technical evaluation of the compliance from a testing activity in selected scenarios into a combination of testing and assessment of the manufacturer safety concept. However, the introduction of the first SAE L3 functions into the market add a new layer of complexity into the type approval. Such technologies replace the human driver during certain dynamic driving tasks, within an unlimited number of scenarios. This circumstance does not allow the classic strategy of removing the human effect from the test scenarios and required a second loop in the modification of the type approval processes, so as to move from an evaluation of the performance to an evaluation of the behaviour of the vehicle. As a result, UNECE WP.29 published the “Framework Document on Automated/Autonomous Vehicles”, a document whose purpose was: a) To provide guidance to WP.29 subsidiary Working Parties (GRs) by identifying key principles for the safety and security of automated/autonomous vehicles of levels 3 and higher. b) To define the work priorities for WP.29 and indicate the deliverables, timelines and working arrangements for those certain work products related to those priorities. Consequently, several actions took place which have paved the road into a new type approval approach, currently under development, but with a series of principles widely accepted by the rulemaking community. Examples of such actions include: a) New working group structure within UNECE WP.29 b) Development of a series of New Assessment and Testing Methods (NATM) which combine the classic test on the proving ground with new tools, such as the assessment of the manufacturer safety concept, the use of simulation or the real-world testing. "
Reports on the topic "Electronic messages – Technological innovations"
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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Stanislav L. Bondarevskyi, Stanislav T. Tolmachev, Oksana M. Markova, and Pavlo P. Nechypurenko. Methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3677.
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An analysis of the experience of professional training bachelors of electromechanics in Ukraine and abroad made it possible to determine that one of the leading trends in its modernization is the synergistic integration of various engineering branches (mechanical, electrical, electronic engineering and automation) in mechatronics for the purpose of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance electromechanical equipment. Teaching mechatronics provides for the meaningful integration of various disciplines of professional and practical training bachelors of electromechanics based on the concept of modeling and technological integration of various organizational forms and teaching methods based on the concept of mobility. Within this approach, the leading learning tools of bachelors of electromechanics are mobile Internet devices (MID) – a multimedia mobile devices that provide wireless access to information and communication Internet services for collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting, presenting all kinds of messages and data. The authors reveals the main possibilities of using MID in learning to ensure equal access to education, personalized learning, instant feedback and evaluating learning outcomes, mobile learning, productive use of time spent in classrooms, creating mobile learning communities, support situated learning, development of continuous seamless learning, ensuring the gap between formal and informal learning, minimize educational disruption in conflict and disaster areas, assist learners with disabilities, improve the quality of the communication and the management of institution, and maximize the cost-efficiency. Bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects is a personal and vocational ability, which includes a system of knowledge, skills, experience in learning and research activities on modeling mechatronic systems and a positive value attitude towards it; bachelor of electromechanics should be ready and able to use methods and software/hardware modeling tools for processes analyzes, systems synthesis, evaluating their reliability and effectiveness for solving practical problems in professional field. The competency structure of the bachelor of electromechanics in the modeling of technical objects is reflected in three groups of competencies: general scientific, general professional and specialized professional. The implementation of the technique of using MID in learning bachelors of electromechanics in modeling of technical objects is the appropriate methodic of using, the component of which is partial methods for using MID in the formation of the general scientific component of the bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects, are disclosed by example academic disciplines “Higher mathematics”, “Computers and programming”, “Engineering mechanics”, “Electrical machines”. The leading tools of formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects are augmented reality mobile tools (to visualize the objects’ structure and modeling results), mobile computer mathematical systems (universal tools used at all stages of modeling learning), cloud based spreadsheets (as modeling tools) and text editors (to make the program description of model), mobile computer-aided design systems (to create and view the physical properties of models of technical objects) and mobile communication tools (to organize a joint activity in modeling).
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor