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1
Siddique, K. H. M., and J. Sykes. "Pulse production in Australia past, present and future." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 1 (1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96068.
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Summary. Several cool- and warm-season pulse crops (grain legumes) are grown in rotation with cereals and pasture forming sustainable farming systems in Australia. Australian pulse production has increased rapidly over the past 25 years to about 2 x 106 t/year, mainly because of the increase in the area and yield of lupin production for stockfeed purposes. Pulses currently comprise only 10% of the cropping areas of Australia and this could be expanded to 16% as there are large areas of soil types suitable for a range of pulse crops and new better-adapted pulse varieties are becoming available. Cool-season pulses will continue to dominate pulse production in Australia and the majority of the expansion will probably come from chickpea and faba bean industries. There appears to be no major constraint to pulse production in Australia that cannot be addressed by breeders, agronomists and farmers. Of the current major pulse crops, field pea faces the most number of difficulties, in particular the lack of disease management options. A recent strategic plan of the Australian pulse industry predicts the production of 4 x 106 t/year by 2005 but this will largely depend upon export demand and pulse prices. It is predicted that the growth in pulse production will come from increased productivity in the existing areas, from 1.0 to 1.4 t/ha, through improvements in crop management and the development of superior varieties. The area of pulse production will also expand by an additional 1.2 x 106 ha probably yielding 1.0 t/ha. If trends in grazing stock prices continue, the increased area under pulse production will mostly come at the expense of those areas under unimproved pasture and continuous cereal cropping.
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Evans, G. "Application of reproductive technology to the Australian livestock industries." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 3, no. 6 (1991): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9910627.
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Current use of reproductive technology in the Australian livestock industries is limited, though it increased in line with higher prices for beef and wool through the 1980s. The required techniques, many of which were developed in Australia, are available and the level of expertise is comparable to the best in the world. However, the extensive pastoral industries do not readily lend themselves to these procedures. Only in the dairy industry is artificial insemination used to a significant degree. On the other hand, application of the technology in the pastoral industries is confined largely to studs and breeding cooperatives which provide breeding animals for producer flocks and herds. Hence the impact of applied technology may be more widespread than first appears. Until recently, little regard was paid to application of the technology along sound breeding principles. Artificial insemination and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) have not been used so much in planned breeding programmes aimed at local improvement of stock, but more to proliferate genes of reputedly superior stock, imported either from overseas or elsewhere in Australia. This is particularly true of MOET, where the incentive to use it is commonly a short term cash gain made from proliferating breeding stock of a particularly valuable and usually novel strain or breed. Recent technological improvements which render the use of reproductive technology cheaper and more effective will lead to its more widespread use in commercial practice. Techniques for embryo freezing and splitting have been greatly simplified and quickly put into practice. The novel livestock technologies of in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization have already found commercial application overseas. Fecundity-enhancing products have also been adopted by the livestock industries. There is potential value for greater use of reproductive technology in the livestock industries provided it is implemented according to sound breeding principles and provided associated management practices are applied simultaneously.
3
Haworth, Jeff. "Australian onshore petroleum acreage and releases 2017." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16256.
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This paper is a compilation of material from state and territory jurisdictions regarding onshore acreage and its availability for petroleum exploration in 2017. Australian state and territory governments continue to support investment in the petroleum industry through the provision of acreage for exploration, which is promoted nationally and internationally. Updates are provided on recent upstream developments and government initiatives. Present and future policy directions that relate to onshore petroleum exploration are described, particularly for jurisdictions that are not making land available this year. When the APPEA conference was last held in Perth, in 2014, the oil price and exploration outlook were very different from today. In 2016, the petroleum industry experienced the full impact of the downturn, with the price for oil reaching a low of under $27 USD/barrel (WTI) early in the year. Several companies departed the onshore, exploration was at a fifteen-year low and much acreage has been surrendered across Australia. However, 2017 is showing signs of improvement with oil prices in the mid-50s and some hope that the industry will turn the corner this year. Low levels of exploration activity may have implications for future domestic gas supplies, and rising gas prices are of concern to local manufacturing industries and consumers throughout Australia. However, this may present marketing opportunities for successful explorers.
4
Wang, Justine, Alla Koblyakova, Piyush Tiwari, and John S. Croucher. "Is the Australian housing market in a bubble?" International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-03-2017-0026.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore principal drivers affecting prices in the Australian housing market, aiming to detect the presence of housing bubbles within it. The data set analyzed covers the past two decades, thereby including the period of the most recent housing boom between 2012 and 2015. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes the application of combined enhanced rigorous econometric frameworks, such as ordinary least square (OLS), Granger causality and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) framework, to provide an in-depth understanding of house price dynamics and bubbles in Australia. Findings The empirical results presented reveal that Australian house prices are driven primarily by four key factors: mortgage interest rates, consumer sentiment, the Australian S&P/ASX 200 stock market index and unemployment rates. It finds that these four key drivers have long-term equilibrium in relation to house prices, and any short-term disequilibrium always self-corrects over the long term because of economic forces. The existence of long-term equilibrium in the housing market suggests it is unlikely to be in a bubble (Diba and Grossman, 1988; Flood and Hodrick, 1986). Originality/value The foremost contribution of this paper is that it is the first rigorous study of housing bubbles in Australia at the national level. Additionally, the data set renders the study of particular interest because it incorporates an analysis of the most recent housing boom (2012-2015). The policy implications from the study arise from the discussion of how best to balance monetary policy, fiscal policy and macroeconomic policy to optimize the steady and stable growth of the Australian housing market, and from its reconsideration of affordability schemes and related policies designed to incentivize construction and the involvement of complementary industries associated with property.
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Behrendt, Karl, James M. Scott, Oscar Cacho, and Randall Jones. "Simulating the impact of fertiliser strategies and prices on the economics of developing and managing the Cicerone Project farmlets under climatic uncertainty." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11173.
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The application of fertilisers to pastures in the high rainfall regions of southern Australia has contributed to large increases in carrying capacity following the widespread adoption of the practice since the late 1940s. Recently, large shifts in the worldwide demand for fertiliser inputs have lead to large rises in the cost of fertiliser inputs. These increasing costs have significant potential ramifications on the future management of soil fertility and its interaction with the persistence and profitability of sown pastures, especially during periods of climatic uncertainty. A dynamic pasture resource development simulation model was used to investigate the implications of fertiliser rates and costs on the efficient management of soil fertility under climatic uncertainty. The framework also allowed the investigation of how the management of soil fertility interacts with the utilisation of pasture resources through different stocking rates. In the application of this method to the Cicerone Project farmlets case study, fertiliser input costs were found to influence the optimal combination of fertiliser inputs and stocking rate. Analyses of the dynamic interaction between fertiliser application and cost, stocking rate and the persistence of desirable species enabled the identification of the most risk-efficient strategies. The implications for grazing industries in the high rainfall regions of southern Australia are discussed.
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Samad, Ghulam, Vaqar Ahmed, and Rauf Khalid. "Economic Contribution of Copyright-based Industries in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v57i1pp.99-114.
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The copyright-based industries contribute substantially to the national economy in the form of value addition, tax revenues, trade and employment. This study highlights both the core and non-core copyright-based industries in Pakistan. With the technical guidance of World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and National Institute of Cultural Studies (NICS), we conducted the first ever survey of the copyright-based industries in Pakistan. The estimates of contribution to GDP, tax revenues, trade and employment were also validated through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Our findings reveal that copyright-based industries contributed Rs 136 billion to GDP (on 1999-2000 base year prices of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics). These industries also contributed Rs 18 billion to the government in indirect taxes. On the trade side, the exports of these industries totalled $ 943 million and imports amounted to $2130 million in 2007-08. In terms of job creation one of the core sub-sectors i.e. electronic media employed around 47,000 persons by the end of 2011. JEL Classification: 034, F10, E24 Keywords: Copyright, Economic Growth, Trade and Employment
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Bhatt, Payal Harshad, and Jayalakshmy Ramachandran. "Extent of environmental disclosures - a case of sensitive industries in Singapore and Malaysia." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 4 (2010): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i4c1p2.
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The purpose of this comparative study is to examine the extent to which information is available to stakeholders on the environmental issues from the annual reports of listed companies in Singapore and Malaysia focusing on Sectors (Construction and manufacturing) that are environmentally sensitive. Many studies in the past had tried to capture the relationship between environmental reporting against financial performances, management motives and effects on share prices of the companies operating in respective countries. This study is striving to capture the extent of information on environmental aspects available to stakeholders in Malaysia and Singapore focusing only on Sectors (Construction and manufacturing) that are environmentally sensitive. The researchers used cross sectional content analysis based on the annual reports of companies listed in the Construction and manufacturing/ industrial sector for the year 2007. The companies were selected from Stock Exchange of Singapore (SGX) and Bursa Malaysia (KLSE). A framework developed by Adams & Frost (2007) identified seven parameters to perform content analysis and observed performance related disclosure among organizations in Australia against organizations in the U.K. This study also used similar framework with addition of just one more parameter. It was found that the extent of information disclosed by organizations in Singapore for both construction and Manufacturing /Industrial sector is lower compared to organizations in Malaysia in both the sectors. This alerts the analysts that while talking about green accounting, one could walk the talk better by disclosing more information and making environmental issues or concerns more transparent.
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Clark, Dave, Bill Malcolm, and Joe Jacobs. "Dairying in the Antipodes: recent past, near prospects." Animal Production Science 53, no. 9 (2013): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12281.
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The majority of dairy farmers and processors in Australia and New Zealand are considered world class due to their ability to produce dairy products at a cost that is competitive on the world market without requirement for subsidy. International and domestic forces beyond the farm influence the international competitiveness of Antipodean dairy systems, as much or more than, the within-farm characteristics of the systems. Critical external forces include: world population growth, protein demand from increasingly wealthy developing countries, dairy supply from domestic and international producers, international dairy prices and exchange rate volatility. Within farm, the keys to persistent profitability, business survival, and growth will continue to be management ability and labour skill as well as the relationship between milksolids (milk fat + milk protein) produced per system and total production costs. Domestic forces will include competition for resources such as land, water, quality labour and capital, and public expectation that farms will meet the costs of community environmental and welfare objectives. Public and industry investment in research, development and extension in innovations that increase productivity is essential if dairying is to remain competitive. The operation of the comparative advantage principle determines which industries thrive, or decline, in an economy. New Zealand dairying has a strong comparative advantage over alternative pastoral industries which will continue. In Australia, the comparative advantage of dairy farming over alternative activities is less clear-cut. History shows that the best farmers and processors handle risks such as market and climate volatility and other challenges better than others, and their prospects are positive. However, world class performers in the future dairy industry will certainly not be all, or even the majority, of the current population of dairy farmers.
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Fleming, P. J. S., L. R. Allen, S. J. Lapidge, A. Robley, G. R. Saunders, and P. C. Thomson. "A strategic approach to mitigating the impacts of wild canids: proposed activities of the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 7 (2006): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06009.
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Wild canids (wild dogs and European red foxes) cause substantial losses to Australian livestock industries and environmental values. Both species are actively managed as pests to livestock production. Contemporaneously, the dingo proportion of the wild dog population, being considered native, is protected in areas designated for wildlife conservation. Wild dogs particularly affect sheep and goat production because of the behavioural responses of domestic sheep and goats to attack, and the flexible hunting tactics of wild dogs. Predation of calves, although less common, is now more economically important because of recent changes in commodity prices. Although sometimes affecting lambing and kidding rates, foxes cause fewer problems to livestock producers but have substantial impacts on environmental values, affecting the survival of small to medium-sized native fauna and affecting plant biodiversity by spreading weeds. Canid management in Australia relies heavily on the use of compound 1080-poisoned baits that can be applied aerially or by ground. Exclusion fencing, trapping, shooting, livestock-guarding animals and predator calling with shooting are also used. The new Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre has 40 partners representing private and public land managers, universities, and training, research and development organisations. One of the major objectives of the new IACRC is to apply a strategic approach in order to reduce the impacts of wild canids on agricultural and environmental values in Australia by 10%. In this paper, the impacts, ecology and management of wild canids in Australia are briefly reviewed and the first cooperative projects that will address IACRC objectives for improving wild dog management are outlined.
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Grose, I. J. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF GORGON AREA GAS." APPEA Journal 42, no. 2 (2002): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01063.
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Australia will increasingly need to turn to natural gas to offset declining oil production and meet an expanding global need for clean energy. The Gorgon Development Joint Venture Participants, (ChevronTexaco/Exxon- Mobil/Shell), are poised to develop the significant Gorgon gas reserves located 130 km offshore the North West Australian coast to help fulfil this need.The Gorgon Development has access to extensive proved reserves of 13.8 Tcf and a development plan that can supply gas to a Barrow Island landfall at world competitive prices. Several concepts are being considered for development of the Gorgon reserves.Technology will play a key role, with the extensive use of subsea production facilities and innovative LNG design concepts being considered.The focus is on a design that would have a low unit cost and also provide new benchmarks in safety and environmental performance. The development of the Gorgon reserves could also facilitate the establishment of other gas-based industries in Western Australia and offers the opportunity for new gas-to-liquid (GTL) plants to lead Australia’s transition to a gas-based economy.The Gorgon Development is expected to attract nearly A$4 billion investment for an LNG development and a further A$2 billion for a major industrial gas consumer. Total export income could reach A$2,500 million per year for 30 years.
11
Pittock, Barrie. "Co-benefits of large-scale renewables in remote Australia: energy futures and climate change." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11012.
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Desert/remote Australia is blessed with abundant natural energy resources from solar, geothermal and other renewable sources. If these were harnessed and connected appropriately desert/remote Australia could be not only energy self-sufficient but a net exporter. Generation of abundant, clean energy can also attract energy-intensive industries and provide local income and employment. Such co-benefits should be included in any cost-benefit analysis. Regardless of renewable energy’s contribution to reducing climate change, the world is already committed to global warming and associated climate changes. Desert/remote Australia will thus inevitably get warmer, with implications for health, energy demand and other issues, and may be subject to increased extremes such as flooding, longer dry spells, more severe storms and coastal inundation. In addition, the prospect of world demand for oil from conventional sources exceeding supply will likely lead to oil shortages, higher oil prices, and additional incentives to provide alternative energy supplies. The region is heavily reliant on diesel generators and fossil fuel-powered motor vehicles and airplanes for transport for within-region mobility, the importation of goods, the tourism industry and emergency medical services. Without adaptation, climate change and peak oil will make living in desert/remote Australia less attractive, resulting in increased difficulty of attracting and retaining skilled workers, which would constrain development. This paper focuses on the climate and energy-related impacts and potential responses. These are both a challenge and an opportunity. They could provide additional employment and income, thus helping remote communities to participate in the clean energy economy of the future and thus overcome some serious social problems. The paper attempts to review current knowledge and provoke debate on relevant investment strategies, and it teases out the questions in need of further research.
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Dobronravova, E. P. "Industry effects of monetary policy in Russia: Econometric analysis." Journal of the New Economic Association 55, no. 3 (2022): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-55-3-3.
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This paper presents the econometric analysis of the heterogenous effects of monetary policy on industrial output and producer prices in manufacturing sector in Russia. The estimation of the differences in the impulce responses to the interest rate shock is conducted using structural VAR-models, the analysis of key industrial characteristics, explaining differences through monetary transmission channes, is based on principal components and correlations. Our findings reveal the strongest response to monetary policy in such industries as manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of pulp and paper, manufacture of machinery nd equipment, manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment and manufacture of motor vehicles and equipment. Besides, in these industries the response is usually deffered to 2–3 months after the shock. Our findings also show that the impact of monetary shocks on output is particulary strong in industries producing capital goods and supplies for construction but particularly weak in industries with high concentration and high profits. That means that differences in industrial responses to monetary policy can be described by two key channels of monetary transmission — interest rate channel (due to high demand sensitivity to interest rate changes) and bank lending channel (due to important role of bank loans in fi rms’ financing).
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Rodousakis, Nikolaos, George Soklis, and Theodore Tsekeris. "A Supply and Use Model for Estimating the Contribution of Costs to Energy Prices." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 6878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196878.
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This paper develops a supply and uses a model to estimate the direct and indirect contribution of costs to the formation of energy prices. The model is implemented into the Greek economy based on data from the supply and use tables. The findings of the analysis indicate that the main component of energy prices are profits, mainly distributed to the energy sector itself, and imports, which mostly concern Mining and quarrying products and Coke and refined petroleum products imported from non-EU countries. As far as the contribution of the energy sector to the price formation of the other industries of the Greek economy is concerned, it is found that the energy sector mainly contributes to the price formation of industrial sectors. The results imply that the containment of energy prices should be principally based on an income policy that would limit excessive profits within the energy sector and an import substitution policy towards the exploitation of domestic mining and quarrying products as well as coke and refined petroleum products.
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Ghazanfari, Arezoo. "What Drives Petrol Price Dispersion across Australian Cities?" Energies 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166025.
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Petrol directly impacts the ability of and extent to which households can engage in day-to-day activities and ultimately directly influences the aggregate economic activity. Petrol price increases can lead to major economic disruption, especially among the most vulnerable, such as low-income families. In Australia, petrol prices differ substantially between metropolitan and regional areas, and regional drivers must pay more for purchasing petrol than those in capital cities. This research explored why retail petrol prices vary from one city to another within and between Australian regions. In this study, clustering methods and panel models will be used to identify factors that cause price differences. The findings revealed that a considerable part of the price differences arose from specific characteristics of cities that influence the demand and supply of petrol, thereby causing variations in price decisions. Petrol prices were substantially influenced by wholesale petrol prices, oil prices, petrol and diesel vehicles, population density, station density, and public transport accessibility. These factors are the main determinants that contribute significantly to price variations between Australian cities. The findings provide critical information for economic agents that interact in this market. From a social welfare perspective, government authorities can consider these factors to improve living standards and consumers’ welfare under price pressure in regional cities.
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Khabbach, Abdelmajid, Mohamed Libiad, Mohamed El Haissoufi, Soumaya Bourgou, Wided Megdiche-Ksouri, Fatima Lamchouri, Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar, et al. "Electronic commerce of the endemic plants of northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast-Rif) and Tunisia over the internet." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2850.
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Background: Internet trade popularize the ornamental interest of plants but can also threaten species’ wild populations, if this activity is performed in uncontrolled and unauthorised ways.
Questions: What endemic plants of Morocco and Tunisia are traded over the Internet by whom and at what prices?
Studied species: 94 endemic plants of northern Morocco and 83 of Tunisia.
Study site and dates: Tunisia and northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast and Rif region); internet survey between September 2018 and December 2019.
Methods: To understand the extent of this new form of trade, We recorded the type of plant material sold over the Internet for the studied taxa, their prices and suppliers using online platforms.
Results: Four northern Moroccan taxa (4.25 % of the total local endemics) were found as marketed by 18 nurseries in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, while no marketing activity was detected for Tunisian endemic plants. The nurseries involved offer for sale and distribution living individuals of Abies marocana at €12.00-259.50, Rhodanthemum hosmariense at €0.35-19.5, Salvia interrupta subsp. paui at €6.23-8.90, and bulbs of Acis tangitana at €1.05-3.95. Although these taxa are classified as endangered, they are traded worldwide without permit of the Moroccan authorities. The source and origin of the plant material are not clearly indicated, and only some nurseries report that their marketed material comes from own cultivated stocks.
Conclusions: The implementation of protection laws/regulations and the monitoring of nurseries’ websites are recommended to control the illegal trade of wild plant material.
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Khabbach, Abdelmajid, Mohamed Libiad, Mohamed El Haissoufi, Soumaya Bourgou, Wided Megdiche-Ksouri, Fatima Lamchouri, Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar, et al. "Electronic commerce of the endemic plants of northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast-Rif) and Tunisia over the internet." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2850.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Internet trade popularize the ornamental interest of plants but can also threaten species’ wild populations, if this activity is performed in uncontrolled and unauthorised ways.
Questions: What endemic plants of Morocco and Tunisia are traded over the Internet by whom and at what prices?
Studied species: 94 endemic plants of northern Morocco and 83 of Tunisia.
Study site and dates: Tunisia and northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast and Rif region); internet survey between September 2018 and December 2019.
Methods: To understand the extent of this new form of trade, We recorded the type of plant material sold over the Internet for the studied taxa, their prices and suppliers using online platforms.
Results: Four northern Moroccan taxa (4.25 % of the total local endemics) were found as marketed by 18 nurseries in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, while no marketing activity was detected for Tunisian endemic plants. The nurseries involved offer for sale and distribution living individuals of Abies marocana at €12.00-259.50, Rhodanthemum hosmariense at €0.35-19.5, Salvia interrupta subsp. paui at €6.23-8.90, and bulbs of Acis tangitana at €1.05-3.95. Although these taxa are classified as endangered, they are traded worldwide without permit of the Moroccan authorities. The source and origin of the plant material are not clearly indicated, and only some nurseries report that their marketed material comes from own cultivated stocks.
Conclusions: The implementation of protection laws/regulations and the monitoring of nurseries’ websites are recommended to control the illegal trade of wild plant material.
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Ren, Songyan, Peng Wang, Zewei Lin, and Daiqing Zhao. "The Policy Choice and Economic Assessment of High Emissions Industries to Achieve the Carbon Peak Target under Energy Shortage—A Case Study of Guangdong Province." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 6750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186750.
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In recent years, due to the rise in energy prices and the impact of COVID-19, energy shortages have led to unsafe power supply environments. High emissions industries which account for more than 58% of the carbon emissions of Guangdong Province have played an important role in achieving the carbon peak goal, alleviating social energy shortage and promoting economic growth. Controlling high emissions industries will help to adjust the industrial structure and increase renewable energy investment. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the policies of energy security and the investments of high emission industries. This paper builds the ICEEH-GD (comprehensive assessment model of climate, economy, environment and health of Guangdong Province) model, designs the Energy Security scenario (ES), the Restrict High Carbon Emission Sector scenario (RHS) and the Comprehensive Policy scenario (CP), and studies the impact of limiting high emissions industries and renewable energy policies on the transformation of investment structure, macro-economy and society. The results show that under the Energy Security scenario (ES), carbon emissions will peak in 2029, with a peak of 681 million tons. Under the condition of ensuring energy security, the installed capacity of coal-fired power generation will remain unchanged from 2025 to 2035. Under the Restrict High Carbon Emission Sector scenario (RHS), the GDP will increase by 8 billion yuan compared with the ES scenario by 2035. At the same time, it can promote the whole society to increase 10,500 employment opportunities, and more investment will flow to the low emissions industries. In the Comprehensive Policy scenario (CP), although the GDP loss will reach 33 billion yuan by 2035 compared with the Energy Security scenario (ES), the transportation and service industries will participate in carbon trading by optimizing the distribution of carbon restrictions in the whole society, which will reduce the carbon cost of the whole society by more than 48%, and promote the employment growth of 104,000 people through industrial structure optimization. Therefore, the power sector should increase investment in renewable energy to ensure energy security, limit the new production capacity of high emissions industries such as cement, steel and ceramics, and increase the green transition and efficiency improvement of existing high emissions industries.
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Mustafa, Abdurrahman Mawlood, Asil Azimli, and Rizgar Abdullah Sabir Jaf. "The Role of Resource Consumption Accounting in Achieving Competitive Prices and Sustainable Profitability." Energies 15, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 4155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114155.
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This study examines the roles of resource consumption accounting and competitive prices in attaining sustainable profitability. The objectives were (1) to determine whether the adoption of resource consumption accounting practices yields significant improvements in competitive strategies in a highly competitive situation where activity-based costing has proved to be insignificant, and (2) to ascertain if the positive relationship between competitive pricing and sustainable profitability is increased by the extent to which resource consumption accounting exerts pressure for sustainability profitability. A PLS-SEM procedure was applied in analysing 129 of the top 30 performing companies’ structured questionnaire responses drawn from five industries in Kurdistan from 2021. The empirical results demonstrated that competitive pricing models involving resource consumption accounting systems provide superior price forecasting, error reduction and profit maximisation capabilities than existing energy models. The study’s outcomes highlight that the extent to which resource consumption accounting exerts pressure on sustainability profitability significantly increases the positive relationship between competitive pricing and sustainable profitability. The results of this study advance construct and item development involving competitive pricing and resource consumption accounting while testing relationships to uncover the moderating role of resource consumption accounting in profit maximisation. Thus, energy and non-energy industrial companies must rely on resource consumption accounting to set competitive prices and enhance and sustain their profitability by considering the overlooked energy pricing stochastic parameters and errors amid rising energy shortages and costs.
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Thamwattana, Natalie, Michael Meylan, and Anthony John Roberts. "Proceedings of the 2020 Mathematics in Industry Study Group." ANZIAM Journal 62 (December 6, 2022): M89—M111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v62.17406.
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MISG 2020
University of Newcastle, Australia
28 January -- 1 February, 2020
This special Section of the ANZIAM Journal (Electronic Supplement) contains the refereed papers from the 2020 Mathematics and Statistics in Industry Study Group (MISG 2020) held at the University of Newcastle from 28 January -- 1 February 2020. The MISG is a special interest meeting of ANZIAM, the Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) division of the Australian Mathematics Society. The MISG meetings take place annually and provide a forum where projects proposed by industry can be worked on intensively, by high profile scientists in the fields of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, from Australia, New Zealand and the world beyond, along with representatives from the industries proposing the projects.
The writing of these papers was coordinated by the project moderators in consultation with the coauthors and company representatives. The manuscripts were submitted to the editors, Associate Professor Mike Meylan, Professor Ngamta Thamwattana and Professor Tony Roberts, and were subsequently refereed by two expert referees. On the advice of the referees, manuscripts were accepted for publication, subject to the recommended revisions, and formally approved by the editorial committee.
At MISG 2020, six projects were presented from diverse industries, with 78 delegates participating.
Industry Partners
We gratefully acknowledge the support of our industry partners:
Lovells Springs;
Safearth;
Concrush;
Hyper Q Aerospace.
Acknowledgements
In addition to our industry partners, we gratefully acknowledge support from the following organisations:
ANZIAM;
Office of the NSW Chief Scientist \& Engineer, Department of Industry, NSW Government;
Priority Research Centre: Computer Assisted Research Mathematics and its Applications, The University of Newcastle;
Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle.
We are also grateful to Professor Ryan Loxton from the Centre for Optimisation and Decision Science, Curtin University, for giving a public lecture on power of optimisation research in mining, energy, and agriculture industries, as part of the MISG's outreach event and acknowledge the support from the Hunter Branch of the Royal Society of NSW in promoting the public lecture. We are also grateful to Professor Mark McGuinness (Victoria University of Wellington), Professor Troy Farrell (Queensland University of Technology), Associate Professor Amie Albrecht (University of South Australia) and Dr Neville Fowkes (University of Western Australia) for their helpful advice and comments in organising the MISG 2020.
MISG2020 Organising Committee
Professor Ngamta Thamwattana (Co-Director)
Associate Professor Mike Meylan (Co-Director)
Mrs Juliane Turner (Administrative Support)
Dr David Allingham (Technical Support)
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Patro, Archana. "Informational Consequences of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in China." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i3.13499.
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In China, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have become mandatory for listed firms in 2007. While earlier research on “voluntary” adopters has provided valuable insights on the impact of IFRS disclosure, these results cannot be generalised in a mandatory setting. We expect effects from mandatory IFRS adoption to be different from those documented for voluntary IFRS adopters since the former group is essentially forced to adopt IFRS. The empirical model, relating to stock price synchronicity with adoption of IFRS, and other firm-specific control variables were analysed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Different types of panel data estimates were used and compared so as to interpret the results with the best-suited parameters for different data sets for different markets. Studying data covering the period from 2001-2013, the present study examines whether mandatory adoption of IFRS reduces Stock Price Synchronicity for Chinese firms. The empirical results show that IFRS adoption improves information environment by the capitalization of firm-specific information into stock prices, thereby reduces the Stock Price synchronicity. The paper further examines if the information impact was homogeneous across industries. This pattern of decrease in stock price synchronicity after adoption of IFRS is different for different industries taken for analysis. Aerospace & Defense, Automobiles Beverages, Metals & Mining, Retailer& Real Estate Operations have reduced synchronicity but other industries such as Biotech, Electric utilities, Electronic, Leisure products, Renewable energy and Telecom have increased synchronicity. For these industries, the low reliance on market wide information makes reasonable economic sense because they have relatively low demand elasticity. Hence, in demand inelastic industries, future price sensitive factors remain constant and so a changed IFRS accounting regime has little marginal impact. This study provides a different methodological approach by concentrating on Industry wide information effects from the mandatory adoption. These findings have important implications that apply not only to China, but also to other emerging and transitional economies such as India where IFRS is yet to be mandated. Moreover it will help regulators, academicians and practitioners to assess the informational benefit of adopting IFRS.
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Leslie, Heather. "Commentary: the patient's memory stick may complement electronic health records." Australian Health Review 29, no. 4 (2005): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050401.
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THE SITUATION DESCRIBED by Stevens1 in the foregoing article is similar to that navigated by thousands of individuals in hospitals around Australia each day. Stevens has been able to identify gaps in communication, processes and timely availability of pertinent information which potentially put her health at risk. There is little doubt that her call for ?legible and enduring record systems accessible by appropriate people? (page 400) would be supported by most of the general community. Health information management is hugely complex, with large numbers of concepts and high rates of clinical knowledge change. Electronic health records (EHRs) are definitely not simple concepts that are solved by storing information in a relational database for use in a single organisational silo, but require the capture of the full breadth of health information in a manner that can be easily stored, retrieved in varying contexts, and searched. Then there is the additional and unique requirement of sharing this same information with a range of health care providers with differing foci, requirements, technical tools and term-sets. When you add in some of the other more lateral requirements such as medico-legal accountability, pooling data for public health research, and privacy, consent and authorisation for sharing sensitive health information, it becomes increasingly evident that health data management has no real equivalent in other industries. In order for shareable electronic health records to become ubiquitous, there are numerous building blocks that need to be in place ? appropriate levels of funding, legislative changes, consensus on a range of standards, stakeholder engagement, implementation of massive change management programs and so on, as outlined by Grain.2 Australia?s solution is the HealthConnect program ? a joint Commonwealth and state government initiative ? which is gradually identifying the required pieces, and laying them out in a systematic way to solve the e-health system puzzle.
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Shen, Hong, Qi Pan, Lili Zhao, and Pin Ng. "Risk Contagion between Global Commodities from the Perspective of Volatility Spillover." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072492.
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Prices of oil and other commodities have fluctuated wildly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial to explore the causes of price fluctuations and understand the source and path of risk contagion to better mitigate systemic risk and maintain economic stability. The paper adopts the method of network topology to examine the path of risk contagion between China’s and foreign commodities, focusing on the dynamic evolution and transmission mechanism of risk contagion during the pandemic. This research found that among China’s commodities, energy, grain, and textiles are net recipients of risk contagion, while chemical products and metals are net risk exporters. Among international commodities, industries have positive risk spillover effects on metals and textiles. During the first phase of the pandemic, China’s commodities were the main exporters of risk contagion. However, international industries and metals became the main risk exporters and exerted risk spillover on China’s commodities in the second phase of the pandemic. Moreover, based on total volatility spillover index of commodities, the risk contagion among the commodities follows three paths: “interest rate → commodities → money supply”, “China’s economic expectation → commodities → foreign economic expectation”, and “commodities → consumer confidence”.
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Aubakirova, G. M., S. K. Mazhitova, F. M. Isatayeva, and A. E. Tomashinova. "Improving the Investment Policy of Countries with a Transit Economy: the Experience of Kazakhstan." Economics: the strategy and practice 16, no. 4 (January 30, 2022): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-4-46-61.
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The relevance of the study is determined by fact that Kazakhstan faces difficult tasks to ensure sustainable economic growth, the solution largely depends on investment policy. Since the key feature of the country’s economy is a high level of technological heterogeneity, new industrial policy, implemented in the country since 2010, is designed to eliminate the technological backwardness of industries, ensure the renewal of capital, and create new points of innovation and investment growth. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems of the investment policy of Kazakhstan, based on the analysis of its generalized indicators, and to formulate the directions for its improvement in the medium term. Following global trends, Kazakhstan is entering the stage of the fourth energy transition to the use of renewable energy sources. However, the continued dependence of the country’s economy on energy leads to the fact that the decline in prices for raw materials in the world markets reduces the competitive position of mining enterprises in the world market. In light of the above and given that the field of renewable energy sources will become the most attractive investment area in the foreseeable future, the authors emphasize the importance of structural measures to improve the investment environment for attracting foreign capital and advanced technologies to the development of alternative energy. In the context of the increasing complexity of national industries, the considered experience of Kazakhstan in improving investment policy can be useful for an in-depth study of transformational transformations in countries with a transitional economy.
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Borge-Diez, David, Enrique Rosales-Asensio, Emin Açıkkalp, and Daniel Alonso-Martínez. "Analysis of Power to Gas Technologies for Energy Intensive Industries in European Union." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010538.
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Energy Intensive Industries (EII) are high users of energy and some of these facilities are extremely dependent on Natural Gas for processing heat production. In European countries, where Natural Gas is mostly imported from external producers, the increase in international Natural Gas prices is making it difficult for some industries to deliver the required financial results. Therefore, they are facing complex challenges that could cause their delocalization in regions with lower energy costs. European countries lack on-site Natural Gas resources and the plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector make it necessary to find an alternative. Many different processes cannot be electrified, and in these cases, synthetic methane is one of the solutions and also represents an opportunity to reduce external energy supply dependency. This study analyzes the current development of power-to-gas technological solutions that could be implemented in large industrial consumers to produce Synthetic Methane using Green Hydrogen as a raw source and using Renewable Energy electricity mainly produced with photovoltaic or wind energy. The study also reviews the triple bottom line impact and the current development status and associated costs for each key component of a power-to-gas plant and the requirements to be fulfilled in the coming years to develop a cost-competitive solution available for commercial use.
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Ambika Khurana and Himanshi Puri. "Impact on Economy with the Emergence of Block Chain." Global Journal of Management and Sustainability (MAS) [ISSN: 2583-4460] 1, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58260/j.mas.2202.0101.
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Block chain and distributed ledger technologies have the potential to revolutionize the economy, and this research gives an overview of the technology's fundamentals. The history of this technology may be traced all the way back to the Bitcoin electronic currency system. By emphasizing potentials but also shortcomings, restrictions, and hazards, Block chain and distributed ledger technology may be used in different industries. Block chain has both advantages and problems, and we'll be looking at how we can improve it so that the economy benefits from it in the long run. There are numerous new opportunities for businesses in which prices are frequently directly transferred between participants over the internet in the same straightforward manner in which we tend to pay with cash while driving and in the same convenient manner in which we tend to use instant electronic communication. The block chain technology is primarily classified as a subset of the larger family of distributed ledger technologies, which includes all strategies for redistributed data sharing in situations where replicated and synchronic digital information is distributed across multiple sites, countries, or establishments.
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Varshavsky, A. E., and V. V. Dubinina. "Global Trends and Directions of Development of Industrial Robots." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 11, no. 3 (October 27, 2020): 294–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2020.11.3.294-319.
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Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to analyze the main trends and directions of development of industrial robots, as well as the problems associated with their distribution. To achieve these goals, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the dynamics of the stock of industrial robots, the structure of the stock of robots by region (Europe, America, Asia / Australia), as well as the annual volumes and structure of world sales of robots by key industries; analysis of the main tasks of industrial robots, performed by them in these industries, and the directions of their use; analyze the dynamics of the robot fleet by industry in different countries (Japan, USA, South Korea, China, Germany, etc.); analysis of indicators and problems of using industrial robots in Russia.Methods: the research methodology consists in a comparative analysis of the use of industrial robots in different industries (automotive, food, chemical, electronic, etc.) based on statistical data by country. A systematic approach, tabular and graphical interpretation of information was applied, analysis of the dynamics of the levels of the time series, the calculation of growth indices of indicators.Results: the analysis showed that the use of industrial robots reduces injuries at the workplace, production costs and improves the quality of the final product, productivity, flexibility and safety, which contributes to a significant increase in their use in both developed and developing countries.Conclusions and Relevance: recently, robotization has become available even in non-industrial countries. The introduction of robotization into production processes increases the competitiveness of the economy. The acceleration of digitalization and automation, as well as the ease of use of industrial robots, are driving their proliferation. In Russia, the wider use of industrial robots, the development of the industrial Internet of things and the implementation of digitalization are possible only on the basis of the restoration and further development of mechanical engineering, electronic and other manufacturing industries.
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Zuoza, Andrius, and Vaida Pilinkienė. "Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emission Impact on Competitiveness in the European Energy Intensive Industries." Energies 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154700.
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Climate change and efforts to mitigate it have given rise to an interest in the relationship between industry competitiveness, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions. A better understanding of this relationship can be essential for economic and environmental decision-makers. This paper presents empirical research evaluating industry competitiveness through the factors of energy efficiency and carbon emission in Europe’s most energy-intensive industries. The designed industry competitiveness measure index consists of seven components, grouped into three equally weighted sub-indexes: export performance, energy, and environmental. The export performance of the industry is described by the industry export growth rate, the share of the industry’s export, and the effects on the industry’s competitiveness of changes in a country’s export. The energy intensity of the industry and energy prices are integrated into the energy sub-index. The environmental sub-index consists of the industry’s emissions intensity, and the ratio of freely allocated allowances and verified emissions indicators. The findings indicate that countries with the highest index value also have a positive energy intensity and carbon emission indicator value. The average index value of each industry gradually reduces to zero, and the standard deviation of the index value shows a diminishing trend throughout all sectors, which implies that competitiveness in all sectors is increasing and that all countries are nearing the industry average. The ANOVA results show that: (1) the competitiveness index value was statistically significantly different in the investigated countries; (2) the competitiveness index value was statistically non-significantly different in the investigated industries; (3) there was a significant effect of the interaction between country and industry on the competitiveness index value. These results suggest that the country itself and industry/country interaction significantly affect the competitiveness index. However, it should be mentioned that industry per se does not substantially affect the competitiveness index score.
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Zhu, Shiqiu, Yuanying Chi, Kaiye Gao, Yahui Chen, and Rui Peng. "Analysis of Influencing Factors of Thermal Coal Price." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 5652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155652.
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As the world’s largest coal consumer, China’s coal consumption in 2021 was 2934.4 million tons of standard coal. Thermal coal occupies an important position in the coal market and industry system, as an important raw material in the power industry, steel industry and other industries. The price of thermal coal in 2021 was at its highest level in a decade, and reached a historical level of about 2587.5 yuan per ton in October 2021. In the same month, the government intervened in the thermal coal price, which fell 51.9% by the end of the year under the influence of the policy. In previous studies, there has been little research on thermal coal and the impact of the variable “policy” on the thermal coal price. Thus, this paper analyzed the factors that affect the price fluctuation of thermal coal, and the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the thermal coal price. The cointegration test and forecast-error variance decomposition (FEVD) are adopted in this study. Our results show that the impact of policy uncertainty on the thermal coal price gradually increases over time, but the impact of policy uncertainty on price is negative and not as strong as expected. On the contrary, inventory and other energy prices have a greater positive impact on the price of thermal coal. The results of this study are of significance for the prediction of thermal coal prices in the future.
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Badina, Svetlana, and Alexey Pankratov. "Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on the Russian Arctic Economy (including the Energy Industry)." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 2849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082849.
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Ongoing climate change most pronounces itself in northern latitudes, including in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Climate change is a complex multidirectional process that is characterized by both positive and negative effects on the functioning of territorial economic systems. In this regard, an analysis of the impacts of climate change on economic development is a particularly urgent scientific and practical task that requires comprehensive study. This research was devoted to assessing the probable impacts of climate transformations on the parameters of the economic development of the AZRF regions. The authors created a methodological approach to the assessment of the costs of the effects of climate change for the economy of the AZRF regions, taking into account the average predicted dynamics of surface air temperature and key regional economic specializations, as well as the degree of susceptibility of various industries to the climate change. The energy industry was considered in particular detail since it is the basis for all of the other industries and is the guarantor of life support for the populations that live in the extreme Arctic climate. Calculations have shown that the accumulated economic effects of climate change as a whole for the AZRF economy during the period 2020–2050 will be negative and have been estimated as having a cost of more than RUB 8 trillion (or nearly USD 111 billion in 2020 prices), which would be about 3% of total Russian Arctic GRP in average annual terms.
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Masrom, Suraya, Thuraiya Mohd, and Abdullah Sani Abd Rahman. "Green building factor in machine learning based condominium price prediction." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v11.i1.pp291-299.
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The negative impact of massive urban development promotes the inclusion of green building aspects in the real estate and property industries. Green building is generally defined as an environmentally friendly building, which rapidly emerged as a national priority in many countries. Acknowledging the benefits of green building, Green Certificate and Green Building Index (GBI) has been used as one of the factors in housing prices valuation. To predict a housing price, a robust approach is crucial, which can be effectively gained from the machine learning technique. As research on green building with machine learning techniques is rarely reported in the literature, this paper presents the fundamental design and the comparison results of three machine learning algorithms namely deep learning (DL), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF). Besides the performance comparisons, this paper presents the specific weight correlation in each of the machine learning models to describe the importance of the green building to the model. The results indicated that RF has been outperformed others while Green Certificate and GBI have only been slightly important in the DL model.
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Bahfen, Nasya, and Alexandra Wake. "Tweeting, friending, reporting: Social media use among journalism academics, students and graduates in the Asia-Pacific." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 2 (October 31, 2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i2.127.
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This reflective article describes and analyses the use of Facebook and Twitter over a five-year timeframe by two journalism academics in Australia, whose industry and research expertise are in the Asia-Pacific. The use of social media has made possible for journalism educators an active electronic space in which to conduct discourse on development, publication, networking and career opportunities with students and alumni. This discourse and the educators, students or alumni who engage in it reflect the nature of the global media industry as inherently network-based (in contrast to employment approaches found in other industries such as graduate programmes in commerce, law or engineering). Because it operates using electronic communication, such discourse also reflects the industry which journalism graduates seek to enter as not being geographically confined to one city or state within Australia—instead, reflecting a rapid rate of movement between cities and states, or between countries, or between urban and rural locations. Using active participant observation, the researchers argue that social media can be used to develop and retain links with their students and alumni, by making use of the social connectedness that is coming to characterise communication. The researchers were early adopters of Facebook and Twitter communication with students. The article argues that social media has been beneficial in the conduct of these activities while exploring the use of social networking in relation to the politics of ‘friending’ or ‘following’ and ‘being followed’ by students.
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Ab-Rahman, Mohammad Syuhaimi, Farshad Nasimi Khamene, and Hadi Guna. "New Concept for Reducing Wire-Harness and Implementing Advanced Facilities for Non-Luxury Vehicles via Application of POF." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.98.
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In the past decade automotive industries being faced the exponential increase of in-vehicle electronic devices. The hydraulic systems are replaced with sophisticated electronic systems. Market demands for exploiting new in-vehicle technologies such as multimedia systems, internet access, GPS, Mobile communication, internal private network; engine, body and power train intelligent control and monitoring systems are increasing daily. These new needs make the wire-harness as physical pathway for power and data more complex. The amount of different data types transmission in vehicle networking requires higher bandwidth and subsequently applying expensive and advanced equipment. Furthermore functions and facilities lead to raise the number of electronic control units (ECU). The high cost of manufacturing and implementing the previous equipment and systems only can be justified to luxury vehicles high prices. This paper presents a conceptual model of in-vehicle networking which would lead to the appliance of considerable portion of these advanced systems in non-luxury vehicles. In this context, polymer optical fibers (POF) exploited to achieve high speed bandwidth and cost-effective solution to transfer huge amount of data and one ECU to control and manage body/cabin electronic devices. This paper suggests three red, blue and green lights for transferring video/audio, communication data network such as internet/vehicle internal network and body/cabin command lines respectively. Moreover, this concept model claims for reducing wire-harness with integration of command lines into multiplexed POF line.
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Attarzadeh, Amirreza, and Mehmet Balcilar. "On the Dynamic Connectedness of the Stock, Oil, Clean Energy, and Technology Markets." Energies 15, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051893.
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Using monthly data from September 2004 to February 2020, this paper investigates the connectedness of the renewable energy, common stock, oil, and technology markets. The time-domain Diebold and Yilmaz spillover index approach is used to analyze the volatility spillover between these four markets. The study’s findings reveal that the oil and clean energy markets have bidirectional volatility spillover. The oil market has been found to be a net receiver of volatility. Furthermore, the study shows that volatility spillover is stronger in extreme positive and negative shock periods than in medium shock periods. Our findings show that, during crisis periods, the volatility spillover index rises, while the total connection reached its lowest point in 2015. Our findings suggest that policymakers should be informed that, as long as oil prices remain low, alternative energy-producing industries will not require specific policies to mitigate their vulnerability to crude oil price shocks. However, large spillover in the tails—particularly in the right tail—indicates vulnerability to extreme events, such as the negative effect of oil price increases.
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Mercer, Colin. "Convergence, Creative Industries and Civil Society: Towards a New Agenda for Cultural Policy and Cultural Studies." Culture Unbound 1, no. 1 (October 14, 2009): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.09111179.
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In this article I start with a personal experience “cameo” from 1996 in Australia and extrapolate from that some issues that remain relevant in the sometimes troubled relationship between cultural studies and cultural policy. These are encapsulated in the three “cs” of convergence, creative industries and civil society which provide a new context for both new research and new policy settings. The argument is developed and situated in historical terms by examining the “cultural technologies”, especially the newspaper, and subsequently print media in the 19th century, electronic media in the 20th century and digital media in the 21st century which provide the content, the technologies and the rituals for “imagining” our sense of place and belonging. This is then linked to ways of understanding culture and cultural technologies in the context of governmentality and the emergence of culture as a strategic object of policy with the aim of citizen- and population formation and management. This argument is then linked to four contemporary “testbeds” – cultural mapping and planning, cultural statistics and indicators, cultural citizenship and identity, and research of and for cultural policy – and priorities for cultural policy where cultural studies work has been extremely enabling and productive. The article concludes with an argument, derived from the early 20th century work of Patrick Geddes of the necessity of linking, researching, understanding and operationalising the three key elements and disciplines of Folk (anthropology), Work (economics), and Place (geography) in order to properly situate cultural policy, mapping and planning and their relationship to cultural studies and other disciplines.
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Ehiagwina, Frederick Ojiemhende, Olufemi Oluseye Kehinde, Lateef Olashile Afolabi, Hassan Jimoh Onawola, and Nurudeen Ajibola Iromini. "Applications, Prospects and Challenges of Silicon Carbide Junction Field Effect Transistor (SIC JFET)." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 5, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v5i3.168.
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Properties of Silicon Carbide Junction Field Effect Transistor (SiC JFET) such as high switching speed, low forward voltage drop and high temperature operation have attracted the interest of power electronic researchers and technologists, who for many years developed devices based on Silicon (Si). A number of power system Engineers have made efforts to develop more robust equipment including circuits or modules with higher power density. However, it was realized that several available power semiconductor devices were approaching theoretical limits offered by Si material with respect to capability to block high voltage, provide low on-state voltage drop and switch at high frequencies. This paper presents an overview of the current applications of SiC JFET in circuits such as inverters, rectifiers and amplifiers. Other areas of application reviewed include; usage of the SiC JFET in pulse signal circuits and boost converters. Efforts directed toward mitigating the observed increase in electromagnetic interference were also discussed. It also presented some areas for further research, such as having more applications of SiC JFET in harsh, high temperature environment. More work is needed with regards to SiC JFET drivers so as to ensure stable and reliable operation, and reduction in the prices of SiC JFETs through mass production by industries.
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Wu, Xintong, Zhendong Li, and Fangcheng Tang. "The Effect of Carbon Price Volatility on Firm Green Transitions: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Listed Firms." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 7456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207456.
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Accelerating the promotion of the green transition can help to achieve high-quality development in manufacturing industries. In terms of policies that encourage the transition to green production, carbon trading is a direct and effective means of achieving this goal, and the carbon price is an important regulator in trading. Normally, firms respond to carbon prices by making three behavioral choices: production restrictions, pollution reduction, and the technological transition to green production. This study examines the effect of carbon price volatility on the decision to conduct green production, i.e., transforming to sustainable technologies and processes. In addition, this paper also investigates whether organizational resource slack and organizational technical standards moderate the relationship between the carbon price volatility and firms’ green transitions. The results suggest that a steadily increasing carbon price will motivate firms to make a green transition, but if the carbon price is volatile, firms will be reluctant to make a green transition. This tendency to make a green transition is stronger when firms have resource slack and have implemented green technical standards. The findings provide empirical evidence and policy implications regarding how manufacturing firms can accelerate their green transition.
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Neussner, Wolfgang, Daniel Ebner, and Maximilian Lackner. "Value Creation by Dynamic Pricing through Digitization and Industry-Wide Perspective." International Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n1p115.
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Dynamic Pricing (DP), also known as surge pricing or dynamic price management, is the adjustment of prices for goods and services depending on the current market situation. Its purpose is to maximize profit, and the practice is getting more and more common. Dynamic pricing was first spotted in online retail; Also in offline retail, it can be found, e.g. as electronic price tags, as well as in on-demand services in mobility and smart meters in the energy industry. Dynamic pricing offers opportunities for vendors. The goal of this paper is to examine the current status and the new opportunities and risks of Dynamic Pricing in retail, mobility and the energy sector, made possible by digitization. This is done on the one side with expert interviews and on the other with an online research. 5 experts were interviewed and 238 respondents answered a questionnaire. 12 hypotheses were formulated, out of which 9 were confirmed, 1 was completely rejected and 2 were partially rejected. The unexpected results were: (1) Electronic price labels in stationary retail trade do not worry consumers with regard to momentary price changes. (2) Consumers do not prefer dynamic pricing models in car sharing. (3) Consumers can benefit from dynamic pricing models in the case of the aviation industry.
The aim of this work to provide readers with insights as on how to utilize DP in their respective industries.
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Solomin, Evgeny, Shanmuga Priya Selvanathan, Sudhakar Kumarasamy, Anton Kovalyov, and Ramyashree Maddappa Srinivasa. "The Comparison of Solar-Powered Hydrogen Closed-Cycle System Capacities for Selected Locations." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092722.
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The exhaustion of fossil fuels causes decarbonized industries to be powered by renewable energy sources and, owing to their intermittent nature, it is important to devise an efficient energy storage method. To make them more sustainable, a storage system is required. Modern electricity storage systems are based on different types of chemical batteries, electromechanical devices, and hydrogen power plants. However, the parameters of power plant components vary from one geographical location to another. The idea of the present research is to compare the composition of a solar-powered hydrogen processing closed-cycle power plant among the selected geographical locations (Russia, India, and Australia), assuming the same power consumption conditions, but different insolation conditions, and thus the hydrogen equipment capacity accordingly. The number of solar modules in an array is different, thus the required hydrogen tank capacity is also different. The comparison of equipment requires building an uninterrupted power supply for the selected geographical locations, which shows that the capacity of the equipment components would be significantly different. These numbers may serve as the base for further economic calculations of energy cost.
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Rahman, Akim M. "Black carbon and other pollutants from brickfields country-wise: Impact assessment and policy guidance under welfare analysis." Frontiers in Management and Business 4, no. 1 (2022): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/fmb.2023.01.001.
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The brick industry in developing world is a vast, coal burning and polluting industry. Nearly 1,500 billion bricks are produced globally each year where 87% are from Asia. China dominates the world in producing bricks using coal combustion and woods as fuels where Australia placed the last. Bangladesh placed the 5th in the world, and it mostly uses woods as fuels. These industries are owned privately. It is a type of industry that is mostly driven with business mentality without emphasizing the hygiene and health aspects where government laws are barely active in practices where rapid urbanization has been increasing demand of bricks. But, in most cases, this industry uses inefficient and dirty technology that causes environmental externalities. Brick-kilns inject huge volume of effluent gases. It causes depletion of atmospheric O2 level. Addressing the issue for policy guidance, this study first analyzes the consequences of these externalities in terms of marginal damage (MD) under neoclassical partial equilibrium demand & supply theory. It further analyzes the reasons of disparity between social-cost and private-cost by conventional marginal damage analysis. Findings show that due to gases emission from brickfields, the marginal social-costs are higher than marginal private-cost. In this economic dilemma, brick-kilns are benefiting with the expense of human-society country-wise. As it has been going on, the rises of brick-prices have been causing upward trends of welfare losses where producer surplus is dominating the total surplus. This consequential economic situation has been causing higher deadweight loss year after year. The reason is that the bricks-customers distribute this expenditure away from now more expensive bricks. Now there is an urgency for national policy actions for ensuring cleaner & sustainable brick production. On this aspect, reforestation efforts can be achieved in multi-faucets including brickfields’ charity and govt. policies on planting trees and for motivational efforts inspiring citizens of this country. These motivational efforts can be in multi-faucets: (a) inspiring “birthday celebration by planting trees”, (b) forcing to use green Tech in brick kilns and (c) conducting research in both phases of govt. and academicians where financial supports can be inspirational.
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Lester, Emily, Conrad Speed, Dani Rob, Peter Barnes, Kelly Waples, and Holly Raudino. "Using an Electronic Monitoring System and Photo Identification to Understand Effects of Tourism Encounters on Whale Sharks in Ningaloo Marine Park." Tourism in Marine Environments 14, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427319x15634581669992.
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In-water shark-based tourism is growing worldwide and whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are one of the most popular targets of this industry. It is important to monitor tourism industries to minimize any potential impacts on target species. At Ningaloo, Western Australia, Electronic Monitoring Systems (EMS) have been installed on licensed tour vessels to collect information on encounters between snorkelers and whale sharks. This study combined data from the EMS with whale shark identification photographs, to assess the impact of in-water tourism on the encounter duration for individual sharks. During 2011 and 2012, 948 encounters with 229 individual sharks were recorded using EMS. Encounter durations between whale sharks and tourism vessels ranged between 1 and 59 min (mean = 11 min 42 s, SD = ±11 min 19 s). We found no evidence for a decline in encounter duration after repeated tourist encounters with individual sharks. Encounter duration varied among tourism operator vessels and were shorter when the sex of the whale shark could not be identified. Given that individual sharks were swum with on average 2.4 times per day (±SD 2.08), and up to 16 times over the course of the study, our results suggest that there is no evidence of long-term impacts of tourism on the whale sharks at Ningaloo. However, the inclusion of well-defined categories of whale shark behaviors and information regarding how interactions between tourists and whale sharks end will complement the data already collected by the EMS. This preliminary investigation demonstrates the potential for the EMS as a data resource to better understand and monitor the impacts of tourism interactions on whale sharks.
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Pan, Xincheng, Rahmat Khezri, Amin Mahmoudi, Amirmehdi Yazdani, and GM Shafiullah. "Energy Management Systems for Grid-Connected Houses with Solar PV and Battery by Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 5028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165028.
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This paper develops new practical rule-based energy management systems (EMSs) for typical grid-connected houses with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery by considering different rates for purchasing and selling electricity. The EMSs are developed to supply the household’s loads and reduce operating costs of the system based on different options of flat and time-of-use (ToU) rates for buying and selling electricity prices. Four different options are evaluated and compared in this study: (1) Flat-Flat, (2) ToU-Flat, (3) Flat-ToU, and (4) ToU-ToU. The operation cost is calculated based on the electricity exchange with the main grid, the equivalent cost of PV generation, as well as the degradation cost of battery storage. The operation of the grid-connected house with rooftop solar PV and battery is evaluated for a sunny week in summer and a cloudy week in winter to investigate the proper performance for high and low generations of PV. While the developed rule-based EMS are generic and can be applied for any case studies, a grid-connected house in Australia is examined. For this purpose, real data of solar radiation, air temperature, electricity consumption, and electricity rates are used. It is found that the ToU-Flat option has the lowest operating cost for the customers.
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Guo, Fang, Shangyun Deng, Weijia Zheng, An Wen, Jinfeng Du, Guangshan Huang, and Ruiyang Wang. "Short-Term Electricity Price Forecasting Based on the Two-Layer VMD Decomposition Technique and SSA-LSTM." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 8445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228445.
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Accurate electricity price forecasting (EPF) can provide a necessary basis for market decision making by power market participants to reduce the operating cost of the power system and ensure the system’s stable operation. To address the characteristics of high frequency, strong nonlinearity, and high volatility of electricity prices, this paper proposes a short-term electricity price forecasting model based on a two-layer variational modal decomposition (VMD) technique, using the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to optimize the long and short-term memory network (LSTM). The original electricity price sequence is decomposed into multiple modal components using VMD. Then, each piece is predicted separately using an SSA-optimized LSTM. For the element with the worst prediction accuracy, IMF-worst is decomposed for a second time using VMD to explore the price characteristics further. Finally, the prediction results of each modal component are reconstructed to obtain the final prediction results. To verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed model, this paper uses data from three electricity markets, Australia, Spain, and France, for validation analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed model has MAPE of 0.39%, 1.58%, and 0.95%, RMSE of 0.25, 0.9, and 0.3, and MAE of 0.19, 0.68, and 0.31 in three different cases, indicating that the proposed model can well handle the nonlinear and non-stationarity characteristics of the electricity price series and has superior forecasting performance.
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Baker, Andrea, and Katrina Williams. "Building on #MeToo and #MeNoMore: Devising a framework to examine sexual violence in Australian music journalism." Australian Journalism Review 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr.41.1.103_1.
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Allegations against film producer Harvey Weinstein, co-owner of US entertainment company Miramax Films, which led to the revitalized #MeToo movement of October 2017, gave global recognition to the sexual violence (sexism, misogyny, sexual harassment, assault and rape) that women experience in the creative industries. As a spin-off, the #MeNoMore campaign in December 2017 resulted in more than 400 women working in the Australian music industry speaking out against similar behavior. Despite having a reputation for sexual violence, the local music press played a minor role in this hashtag development, claiming that its practices are tied to radical, liberal and progressive values. In the post-Weinstein, #MeToo and #MeNoMore era, this contradiction signifies that the Australian music press is fertile ground for a feminist investigation. However, to date minimal local research has examined the link between sexual violence and music journalism. As a literature review to a larger empirical case study, this article draws on a critical discourse analysis from the post-feminist wave of media research into rockism, poptimism, punk, rap, hip hop, dubstep and electronic dance music genres, mainly conducted in the United States and United Kingdom. Derived from this analysis, the article argues that there are four framing techniques associated with music journalism practice in Australia: gendered music press, a masculine attitude towards music reporting, gendered musical tastes and gendered sexual harassment.
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Apeh, Oliver O., Edson L. Meyer, and Ochuko K. Overen. "Contributions of Solar Photovoltaic Systems to Environmental and Socioeconomic Aspects of National Development—A Review." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165963.
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Presently, the world is undergoing exciting haste to install photovoltaic (PV) systems in industry, residential/commercial buildings, transportation, deserts, street lights, and many other applications. Solar photovoltaic energy systems are clean and reliable energy sources that are unlimited, unlike their fossil fuel counterparts. The energy market is rapidly growing globally with newly and cumulative installed capacities of about 37.6 GW and 139.6 GW, accounting for 53% and 55%, respectively, in 2017, making it one of the fastest-growing industries. The cumulative photovoltaic installations are projected to have reached 600 GW worldwide and are projected to reach 4500 GW by 2050 because of the strategies and policies of many countries. In 2021, more than three-quarters of the developed countries are now home to one solar installation. This article evaluates a critical and extensive review of the contributions of solar photovoltaic systems to national development. The approach follows all steps, starting with capturing photovoltaics on the Earth’s surface, then price reduction, load management, and socioeconomic impact of solar photovoltaic systems. From the study, it is found that the policies and strategies adopted by the leading countries, such as tax credits, capital subsidies, net-metering, VAT reduction, feed-in tariffs (FiTs), and renewable portfolio standards (RPS), have significantly helped in more installations. Additionally, the significant drop in photovoltaic module prices from 4731 $/W in 2010 to 883 $/W in 2020 has boosted the move for more installations. Based on the findings, approximately 10 million permanent employments would be put in place by advancing solar power across the globe annually.
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Tarczynska-Luniewska, Małgorzata, Iwona Bak, Uma Shankar Singh, and Guru Ashish Singh. "Economic Crisis Impact Assessment and Risk Exposure Evaluation of Selected Energy Sector Companies from Bombay Stock Exchange." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 8624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228624.
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The energy sector is one of the most important sectors as it is the producer and supplier of fuel to run other industries and economies. This research aims to present an intertwined structure of risk exposure measuring the performance of the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Energy Index and selected companies from the constituents while taking into account two scenarios of risk, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, in a manner appropriate for energy stock investors, energy companies, and the economy through hedging against investment risk, diversification in operations securing the continuation of energy production, and the risk of fluctuating prices in the energy market, respectively. The research problem is observed as the requirement to choose the representative stocks of the S&P (BSE) Energy Index to evaluate their situations during the period of the two crisis scenarios and to provide the current risk exposure to India’s energy sector. The methodological approach was through the process of selecting the stock market, the reason behind selecting the energy sector, analyzing the crisis situation, and finally providing the risk exposure matrix. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the index and stocks only in the beginning when the market was scared psychologically. The Russia–Ukraine conflict is considered to measure the stock status showing the effect on the index and the effect on selected stocks showing a deviated performance. All ten companies representative of the S&P BSE Energy Index ranked in the increasing order of risk exposure comparatively and concludes a high potential growth and return.
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Suanpang, Pannee, Pitchaya Jamjuntr, Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, and Phuripoj Kaewyong. "Autonomous Energy Management by Applying Deep Q-Learning to Enhance Sustainability in Smart Tourism Cities." Energies 15, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051906.
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Autonomous energy management is becoming a significant mechanism for attaining sustainability in energy management. This resulted in this research paper, which aimed to apply deep reinforcement learning algorithms for an autonomous energy management system of a microgrid. This paper proposed a novel microgrid model that consisted of a combustion set of a household load, renewable energy, an energy storage system, and a generator, which were connected to the main grid. The proposed autonomous energy management system was designed to cooperate with the various flexible sources and loads by defining the priority resources, loads, and electricity prices. The system was implemented by using deep reinforcement learning algorithms that worked effectively in order to control the power storage, solar panels, generator, and main grid. The system model could achieve the optimal performance with near-optimal policies. As a result, this method could save 13.19% in the cost compared to conducting manual control of energy management. In this study, there was a focus on applying Q-learning for the microgrid in the tourism industry in remote areas which can produce and store energy. Therefore, we proposed an autonomous energy management system for effective energy management. In future work, the system could be improved by applying deep learning to use energy price data to predict the future energy price, when the system could produce more energy than the demand and store it for selling at the most appropriate price; this would make the autonomous energy management system smarter and provide better benefits for the tourism industry. This proposed autonomous energy management could be applied to other industries, for example businesses or factories which need effective energy management to maintain microgrid stability and also save energy.
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Li, Weiwei, Chong Wu, He Dong, Huan Wang, and Mei Li. "Risk measurement and optimization model of coal generation contracts for the difference between prospect M-V and normal triangular fuzzy stochastic variables." Kybernetes 45, no. 8 (September 5, 2016): 1323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2015-0266.
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Purpose Coal and power generation are related upstream and downstream industries. Coal price marketization and electricity price regulation have caused the price of coal to be sensitive to the benefits of generators. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach As a financial tool, contracts for differences can both help balance interests and reduce risks caused by spot price fluctuation. This thesis regards coal demand as a triangular fuzzy stochastic variable while directing a levelling consideration towards risk returns for coal and power enterprises that are involved in coal generation contracts for differences. Risk and benefit measurement models were established between coal suppliers and power generators, and risk and benefit balance optimization models for contract negotiation were constructed. Findings A numerical example showed that the above models can be effectively used to avoid the risks of coal-electricity parties. Originality/value This thesis regards coal demand as a triangular fuzzy random variable while directing a levelling consideration towards the risk return to coal and power enterprises that are involved with coal generation contracts for differences. The features of this thesis are the following: demand information is regarded as a fuzzy random variable instead of a random variable. With historical data, sales experience and increasingly clear macro-economic conditions, coal and power enterprises are able to make a fuzzy decision – to a certain extent – when the transaction approaches. Accurate market information enables the supply chain system to satisfy the clients’ needs better, improve the profit level or avoid severe financial damages; by developing a feasible set of contracts for different parameters, it is possible to estimate whether the price difference enables supply chain coordination, requires changes or gives accounts to all involved parties of the supply chain; and without the assumption that the traditional M-V rule is unfavourable to decision makers, this thesis proposes the prospect M-V rule, which involves decision makers’ projections of future coal generation prices and enables wide applicability of the response method to contracts for differences.
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Zhou, Yu, Asal Bidarmaghz, Nikolas Makasis, and Guillermo Narsilio. "Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems: The Effects of Variable Trench Separations and Pipe Configurations in Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 3919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133919.
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Ground-source heat pump systems are renewable and highly efficient HVAC systems that utilise the ground to exchange heat via ground heat exchangers (GHEs). This study developed a detailed 3D finite element model for horizontal GHEs by using COMSOL Multiphysics and validated it against a fully instrumented system under the loading conditions of rural industries in NSW, Australia. First, the yearly performance evaluation of the horizontal straight GHEs showed an adequate initial design under the unique loads. This study then evaluated the effects of variable trench separations, GHE configurations, and effective thermal conductivity. Different trench separations that varied between 1.2 and 3.5 m were selected and analysed while considering three different horizontal loop configurations, i.e., the horizontal straight, slinky, and dense slinky loop configurations. These configurations had the same length of pipe in one trench, and the first two had the same trench length as well. The results revealed that when the trench separation became smaller, there was a minor increasing trend (0.5 °C) in the carrier fluid temperature. As for the configuration, the dense slinky loop showed an average that was 1.5 °C lower than those of the horizontal straight and slinky loop (which were about the same). This indicates that, when land is limited, compromises on the trench separation should be made first in lieu of changes in the loop configuration. Lastly, the results showed that although the effective thermal conductivity had an impact on the carrier fluid temperature, this impact was much lower compared to that for the GHE configurations and trench separations.
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Grondys, Katarzyna, Oliwia Ślusarczyk, Hafezali Iqbal Hussain, and Armenia Androniceanu. "Risk Assessment of the SME Sector Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084183.
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The subject matter of the article relates to the assessment of the perception of selected types of risk in economic activities of the SME sector, which change their intensity as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current economic downturn is unprecedented and involves many companies and industries that have faced new, previously unknown challenges and threats. The objective of the article is to identify the most important risks and their resources based on the empirical research carried out in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The formulated objective was accomplished using the data collection method, i.e., the survey and reports on the condition of the SME sector in Poland as well as statistical data analysis methods, i.e., structure index and the analysis of variance, using the SPSS system. The process of primary data collection was carried out by means of an electronic survey among selected enterprises of the SME sector, conducting business activities in Poland. In the study, the employment factor was taken into account as a determinant of the perception and assessment of the intensity of selected risks arising from the economic activity in the Polish market in the conditions of the current economic downturn. On the basis of the obtained results, the impact of market, economic, financial and operational risks, depending on their intensity, on the functioning of micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises was identified. Based on the analysis of variance, the effect of the size of the company on the level of individual risks was also examined. As a result of the observations made, it was established that, during the pandemic, the level and type of risk is similar in all the surveyed enterprises. They are most often threatened by strong competition in the industry, an increase in energy prices and insufficient profit. The overall results of the empirical research indicate the importance and the need to manage the key threats to the Polish SME sector.
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Allwright, Joshua, Akhlaqur Rahman, Marcus Coleman, and Ambarish Kulkarni. "Heavy Multi-Articulated Vehicles with Electric and Hybrid Power Trains for Road Freight Activity: An Australian Context." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176237.
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The electrification of vehicles from the automotive and public transport industries can reduce harmful emissions if implemented correctly, but there is little evidence of whether the electrification of heavy freight transportation vehicles (HFTVs), such as multi-articulated vehicles, used in the freight industry could see the same benefits. This work studied heavy multi-articulated freight vehicles and developed a comparative analysis between electric and conventional diesel power trains to reduce their total emissions. Real-world drive cycle data were obtained from a heavy multi-articulated freight vehicle operating around Melbourne, Australia, with a gross combination mass (GCM) of up to 66,000 kg. Numerical models of the case study freight vehicle were then simulated with diesel, through-the-road parallel (TTRP) hybrid and electric power trains over the five different drive cycles with fuel and energy consumption results quantified. Battery weights were added on top of the real-world operating GCMs to assure the operational payload did not have to be reduced to accommodate the addition of electric power trains. The fuel and energy consumptions were then used to estimate the real-world emissions and compared. The results showed a positive reduction in tailpipe emissions, but total greenhouse emission was worse for operation in Melbourne if batteries were charged off the grid. However, if Melbourne can move towards more renewable energy and change its emission factor for generating electricity down to 0.49 kg CO2-e/kWh, a strong decarbonization could be possible for the Australian road freight industry and could help meet emission reduction targets set out in the 2015 Paris Agreement.