Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electronic government information – Spain

Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic government information – Spain'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic government information – Spain"

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Criado, J. Ignacio, and Edgar Alejandro Ruvalcaba-Gomez. "Perceptions of City Managers About Open Government Policies." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 14, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2018010101.

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At this point, the role of the concept Open Government (OG) has been key promoting transparency, participation and collaboration in public administration worldwide. This article presents research about the open government (OG) phenomena in Spanish municipalities over 50,000 inhabitants (146 municipalities), using a questionnaire. Particularly, the research objective of this article is looking at the perceptions of city managers responsible for OG policies in order to understand more about this emergent public policy in the local layer of government. The results are consistent with a notion of OG associated to terms like transparency or access to information, and less to collaboration, co-production, of technologies or electronic government. In addition, the results confirm the intention of city managers to promote transparency or access to information with OG policies, while other possible outcomes (collaboration, managerial improvements or reduction of management costs) are less popular. Finally, the implementation of OG policies remains in its initial stages, whereas they are much expanded in strategic plans or units/departments at the local level of government in Spain.
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Bal, Vera Yu, and Polina B. Skidan. "The world market of digital educational editions: Development prospects." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 28 (2022): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/28/9.

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The article discusses the changes in the educational publications market under the influence of digital transformation. Expansion of the diversity of digital devices, changes in the needs of the target audience, and the development of new educational practices contribute to the emergence and growth of new niches in the global market of educational publications. The study of the market of digital educational products in different countries shows that many factors influence the level of its development. These factors are the government policy, the level of IT technology in the country, and the competitive environment in this niche in the market of a particular country. Moreover, the quality of the competitive environment and the interest of technology companies have a greater impact than the government policy. Two strategies for the production of electronic educational products in the modern world market stand out and are illustrated by examples: publishing isolationism and production tandems with technology companies. A classification of three models of electronic textbooks is proposed based on the analysis of educational publications in the natural sciences representing countries with emerging markets for electronic textbooks: the United States, Russia, and Finland. The first model is the presentation of electronic textbooks in PDF format. Textbooks in this version are the original mockup of a printed textbook. The second model is based on the printed form of the textbook, distributed in EPUB 3 format through the publisher’s own publishing software or affiliate applications. Multimedia and interactive materials in such textbooks are not mandatory, but complementary, and they are included in the textbook via pop-ups. The third model is a publication that was originally created only in electronic format. Often, such textbooks are components of a digital educational environment that provides electronic exchange of tasks, collective performance of laboratory works, interdisciplinary connection of educational material in various disciplines, etc. The study of the most relevant and innovative offers on the market of such countries as the USA, the UK, Spain, Denmark, Russia, and Finland shows four promising areas in the preparation of textbooks in the EdTech field. These are (1) artificial intelligence manuals, (2) tools of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, (3) computer games with educational potential, and (4) programming platforms. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
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Ruiz-Arrondo, Ignacio, José A. Oteo, Javier Lucientes, Ana Muniesa, and Ignacio de Blas. "Surveillance of a Pest Through a Public Health Information System: The Case of the Blackfly (Simulium erythrocephalum) in Zaragoza (Spain) during 2009–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103734.

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Background: Animals and people in many Spanish regions are increasingly being affected by blackfly bites in the last decade. Because of blackflies, the city of Zaragoza has become in recent years a paradigm of discomfort in Europe, with thousands of citizens affected. The OMI-AP system (Stacks, Barcelona, Spain) implemented by the Government of Aragón, a software that manages the electronic medical history of all patients, has been evaluated in order to document the increase of insect bite recorded by the primary care consultations in Zaragoza after the first outbreak of blackflies occurred in 2011. Methods: An observational, ecological and longitudinal study of insect bites recorded at the primary care consultations was carried out in primary care during the period 2009–2015. Results: The incidence of medical consultations by insect bites in Basic Health Areas (BHA) near to rivers is higher than the furthest BHA. Rural BHA are more affected by insect bites than the urban ones. The increase of medical assistance due to insect bites in Zaragoza since 2011 is correlated with the blackflies bites. Conclusions: This tool was very useful to describe the initial stage of this public health problem. It could be used for guiding public health responses in terms of surveillance and management of this pest.
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Díez, Isabel De la Torre, Guillermo Fernández Rodríguez, Gema Castillo, and Aranzazu Berbey Alvarez. "Real World Data en la Sanidad Española." KnE Engineering 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1501.

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In recent years, thanks to the progress of electronics and computing, it is possible to process a large volume of clinical data. As a result of this scenario, real world data (RWD) are gaining enormous relevance. RWD are the data, whose origin is the usual clinical practice, used to make medical decisions about drugs or medical practice. This research is aimed to study the current situation of RWD in Spain. To achieve this objective, we have assessed the data sources on which these are fed. We have also analyzed the main publications based on RWD. Our findings are: firstly, both records and databases as well as medical histories have a high level of computerization and have also a great deal of information to be used for research; and secondly, the scientific studies carried out are of a great quality, but society is not aware of the importance RWD have and there is discoordination between the Autonomies and the Government. Keywords: RWD, clinical data, medical decisions, practical decisions, medical histories
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Schwartz, Stephan Andrew. "The Discovery of an American Brig: Fieldwork Involving Applied Remote Viewing Including a Comparison with Electronic Remote Sensing." Journal of Scientific Exploration 34, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 62–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20201481.

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In the fall of 1987 Mobius began fieldwork, under a license from the Bahamian Government, to carry out an archaeological survey in an area of the Grand Bahama Banks encompassing some 579.15 square miles (1500 sq. km). This report compares the Remote Viewing, electronic remote sensing, and visual search process used to locate the wreck site of a previously undiscovered armed American merchantman believed to be the Brig Leander, which was found in a sub-section of the License Area known as Consensus Zone C; an area of 11.81 sq. miles (30.59 sq. km) of water. It concludes that Remote Viewing was the source of information which led to the site’s location, and that electronic remote sensing was not useful in this instance. Leander was under the Command of Captain William Johnson when she sank for unknown reasons near Beaks Cay on 6 April 1834, while returning from Manzanilla, Cuba to her homeport in Boston, Massachusetts. In addition to location information, a total of 193 conceptual descriptive concepts concerning the site were proffered by twelve Remote Viewers. Of this, 148 concepts, or 75% of the total, could be evaluated through direct field observations, or historical research. An evaluation of this material reveals 84% Correct, 12% Partially Correct, 4% Incorrect. There is little accuracy variation across the sequence of material from the Los Angeles interviews (84% Corr., 13% Part. Co rr. ,3% Incorr.), to the on-site data (81% Corr., 11% Part. Corr., 8% Incorr.). Approximately 300 notable wrecks went down, not just in the License Area but across the entire Banks, from 1500 to 1876 as determined by a thorough search of historical records and archival material in the U.S., the U.K., Spain and the Bahamas. To make a conservative assessment of this location occurring by chance, assume the wrecks are evenly distributed not throughout the Banks, but only within the License Area. That said, we should expect to see 6.12 boats in Consensus Zone C (11.81/579.15 x 300 =6.12). The brig site is 5000 square feet (464.5 sq. m), equaling 0.00018 of a square mile. Within Consensus Zone C 65,849 sites of this size could be placed, thus yielding a grid of 65,849 cells.. If the probability of selecting this particular cell in the grid by chance exceeds p≥ 0.05 then Remote Viewing can be considered a determinative factor. The probability of finding this one 5,000 square feet area is then 6.12/65,849 = p 0.00009, which strongly suggests that chance is not an explanation for the location of Leander.History: “The Discovery of an American Brig: Fieldwork Involving Applied Archaeological Remote Viewing,” Parapsychological Association Conference 1988. Also, The Discovery of an American Brig: Fieldwork Involving Applied Archaeological Remote Viewing, Including a Comparison with Electronic Remote Sensing,” Conference on Underwater Archaeology/Society of Historic Archaeology Annual Meetings. 1989.
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Fredette, Kevin, and Ann W. Henriksson. "Electronic Government Information." College & Undergraduate Libraries 4, no. 2 (September 18, 1997): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j106v04n02_07.

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Lyons, Susan. "Preserving Electronic Government Information." Reference Librarian 45, no. 94 (September 14, 2006): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v45n94_12.

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Staley, Robert A. "Electronic Government Information Dissemination." Collection Management 32, no. 3-4 (February 21, 2007): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v32n03_05.

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Semenov, N. S., and S. R. Semenov. "ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT AND INFORMATION RELATIONS." Vestnik of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University 21, no. 7 (2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36979/1694-500x-2021-21-7-124-130.

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Editorial Submission, Haworth. "Government Information in Electronic Form:." Technical Services Quarterly 3, no. 3-4 (August 29, 1985): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j124v03n03_15.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic government information – Spain"

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Laguda, W. B. "Electronic government, information communication technologies and social inclusion." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26767/.

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The UK's E-Government agenda was found on the principles of improving the quality of services offered to the public by Central and Local Government. This would be made possible through various national projects. Most notable were the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Community Informatics involving the use of public libraries and outreach workers. However there is growing fear on the emergence of inequalities between the information rich and information poor termed the 'digital divide'. This has prompted the subject of research - to explore the reality of e-government in reducing social exclusion. Both qualitative and quantitative research techniques are used to this end. Analysis is made on the use of CRM in 27 Local Authorities including a detailed case study at Newham Council and a public survey in Salford. Universal access and social inclusion is tackled through the analysis of public libraries in Salford offering ICT services. In addition the effects of free ICT courses organised by Salford City Council on a number of community groups was included in the survey. The findings confirm the widespread use of CRM and reveal a series of barriers to its success. These include a lack of skilled CRM staff, inefficiencies in channel management, high emphasis on technology, and low levels of ICT usage. Results from the public library survey also revealed some barriers. Inadequate staffing levels, inappropriate training, and lack of IT support were all identified. In addition the library failed to attract novices and new users. The evaluation of Community Informatics in Salford showed the problems faced by outreach workers. As well as providing some academic research in a field lacking representation in IS research (due largely to recent emergence), the thesis also contributes to E-Government practice by, highlighting issues often over looked in its implementation, addressing its failures, and providing some reasoning on the current situation.
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Nontanakorn, Kritchakorn. "Electronic government: Reforming Thai government for ministry of interior of Thailand." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2454.

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The purpose of this project was to develop an E-government plan to achieve the Ministry of Interior of Thailand's objective to better serve its citizens in the next 5 years by utilizing and taking advantage of the use of information technology and communication networks.
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Settles, Alexander Matthew. "E-government implementation." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 254 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1362535341&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Koga, Takashi. "Policy Issues regarding Electronic Government and Web Accessibility in Japan." International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106269.

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The Japanese government has been developing infrastructures and services for electronic government since 2001. One of the challenges identified in this regard is to ensure "accessibility" or to enable everyone, including the elderly and those with disabilities, to access the infrastructures and services of an electronic government. In 2004, the JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) X 8341-3 was issued as a Web accessibility standard in Japan. It is expected to function as a basis to ensure the Web accessibility of the electronic government in the central and local governments in Japan. Recently, however, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications found a widespread lack of understanding of and respect toward the JIS X 8341-3 among the local governments in Japan. In December 2005, a study group under this ministry proposed "Operational Models to Improve Accessibility of Public Web sites" in order to supplement the JIS X 8341-3. Thus, this paper reviews the standards and policy initiatives for improving the Web accessibility of the electronic government in Japan and discusses the challenges faced by libraries to ensure the provision of access to government information in terms of Web accessibility and electronic government.
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Wismer, Donald R. "State Government Cost Recovery for Electronic Information Dissemination: A Comparative Study." NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/928.

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Prior to this study, no paradigm common among state governments regarding public policy principles on cost recovery for the dissemination of public information had been described. The study revealed that U.S. federal government policy has served as a model from which a majority of the states have proceeded. This study has compared the states with the federal government and with themselves to determine the policy boundaries. Themes from in the literature were presented and summarized, and measurable elements were isolated. Data from statutory, regulatory, and case law, and from explicit policy statements, were gathered and compared within graphical formats. A brief survey instrument was promulgated and results compiled for the more elusive internal policy articulations. The stated policies of the majority of the states were found to be somewhat less restrictive than the federal norm, while others are more restrictive or nearly absent, leaving decision-making to each separate agency. Commonalities were identified and the states ranked along a continuum from lesser to greater potential cost to the public. A nationwide perspective on this important public policy area has been revealed for the first time.
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Rana, Nripendra P. "Toward a unified model of electronic government adoption (UMEGA)." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678589.

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Paul, Sandra. "Das elektronische Vergabeverfahren : am Beispiel der Vergabe von Bauleistungen /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989808432/04.

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Lee, Lai-Sheung Cindy. "Community in the electronic age : an information resource center at Government Center." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68290.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67).
In the wake of the exploding information and communication technology, this thesis explores the role of a civic architecture which restores on the one hand a traditional public institution, while on the other hand represents a functional information exchange in the Electronic Age. The proposed Information Resource Center is modeled after the positive social qualities inherent in the "third place". Utilizing the communicative ability of the available technology, the IRC supports the proposition of an intermediate realm, between the public and the private, which would restore community in our lives. This exploration begins with a look at Ray Oldenberg's analysis of the third place whose socially redeeming nature is beneficial to both the individual and to the collective. Such intermediate places have now been replaced by a new paradigm; the notion of cyberspace, a gathering place that is not rooted in space or time, has became popularized. Yet its accessible characteristics are still bounded by a structured social environment. Architecture's role then is to adapt and to accommodate while further defining a changing cultural landscape. In these times of rapid technological and social changes, people search for continuity and meaning in their surroundings . The design for the IRC addresses their need for community by providing them the resources to reach out to others virtually and as an intermediate place where an informal public life can be fostered.
by Lai-Sheung Cindy Lee.
M.Arch.
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Emerson, Glen D. "Projected performance requirements for personnel entering information processing jobs for the federal government /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1985.

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Al-Dabbagh, Mustafa. "Electronic Government in Iraq: Challenges of development and implementation." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-19751.

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Books on the topic "Electronic government information – Spain"

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EGOV 2004 (2004 Zaragoza, Spain). Electronic government: Third international conference, EGOV 2004, Zaragoza, Spain, August/September 2004 : proceedings. New York, N.Y: Springer, 2004.

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service), LINK (Online, ed. Electronic government: Third international conference, EGOV 2004, Zaragoza, Spain, August 30-September 3, 2004 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Marcella, Rita. Citizenship information, electronic government. London: South Bank University, 1998.

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Viktor, Mayer-Schönberger, and Lazer David, eds. Governance and information technology: From electronic government to information government. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007.

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United States. General Services Administration. Office of Governmentwide Policy, ed. Electronic posting system. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. General Services Administration, Office of Governmentwide Policy, 1998.

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Sears, Jean L. Using government information sources: Electronic and print. 3rd ed. Phoenix, Ariz: Oryx Press, 2001.

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K, Moody Marilyn, and Sears Jean L, eds. Using government information sources: Print and electronic. 2nd ed. Phoenix, Ariz: Oryx Press, 1994.

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Kö, Andrea, Enrico Francesconi, Gabriele Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86611-2.

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Kő, Andrea, Enrico Francesconi, Gabriele Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12673-4.

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Kő, Andrea, Enrico Francesconi, Gabriele Anderst-Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27523-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electronic government information – Spain"

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Beynon-Davies, Paul. "Electronic business, electronic commerce and electronic government." In Business Information Systems, 235–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-30777-4_8.

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Zhang, Yue Jeff, Li Richard Ye, Zhiyang Lin, and Quan Lin. "Electronic Government in China." In The China Information Technology Handbook, 353–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77743-6_20.

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Traunmüller, Roland. "Open Government and Electronic Government: Some Considerations." In Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 201–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10178-1_16.

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Traunmüller, Roland. "Mobile Government." In Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 277–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22961-9_22.

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Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon. "Electronic Government Success and the Ensemble View of Information Technology." In Enacting Electronic Government Success, 33–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2015-6_2.

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Zimmerman, Ewa, and Björn Cronquist. "Emergent Functions in Intranet Information Management." In Knowledge Management in Electronic Government, 186–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44836-5_19.

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Raul, Alan Charles. "Public Records and Electronic Government." In Privacy and the Digital State: Balancing Public Information and Personal Privacy, 51–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0889-2_5.

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Sudár, Erika, Dávid Pető, and András Gábor. "Modeling the Penetration of the Information Society Paradigm." In Knowledge Management in Electronic Government, 201–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24683-1_21.

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Traunmüller, Roland. "Digitalization as Challenge for Electronic Government." In Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 3–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64248-2_1.

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Sarantis, Demetrios, Christos Tsiakaliaris, Fenareti Lampathaki, and Yannis Charalabidis. "A Standardization Framework for Electronic Government Service Portals." In Information Systems Development, 775–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b137171_81.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electronic government information – Spain"

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Azenabor, Cyril E., and Charles A. Shoniregun. "Electronic government paradigm." In 2008 Third International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdim.2008.4746760.

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Mendes Calo, Karla, Karina Cenci, Pablo Fillottrani, and Elsa Estevez. "Government information sharing." In ICEGOV2014: 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2691195.2691280.

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Tong Dezhi, Tong Yuping, and Mu Shuo. "Government Innovation Based on Electronic Government: Government Process Reengineering as the Case." In 2010 2nd International Symposium on Information Engineering and Electronic Commerce (IEEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieec.2010.5533304.

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Al-Qirim, Nabeel A. "Electronic Government Issues and Implications." In 2008 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2008.4781691.

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Gómez, Edgar Alejandro Ruvalcaba. "Perceptions About the Concept and Benefits of Open Government in Local Governments in Spain." In ICEGOV '17: 10th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3047273.3047338.

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Dhivani Gusmi, Adibah, and Achmad Nurmandi. "Algorithmic Government Framework to Support Government Data Disclosure." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002779.

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This study aims to analyze the working concept of government algorithms in supporting government data openness. The focus of this research was on the United States, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Spain. In the digital era, the government is guided to be active in providing information to the public. This study focuses on implementing data disclosure in the United States, England, the Netherlands, and Spain. This study uses qualitative methods, and the tools used for statistical and bibliometric analysis are VOSviewer and NVivo Plus 12. The data sources for this research are 363 articles on Open Government. Data has increased in the last ten years in the Scopus database. The data analysis phase of this research uses VOSviewer with simple statistical and bibliometric analysis. The results of data analysis show that the most popular keywords are information, ogd itself, and citizens. The trend found that many studies focused more on transparency, information, citizens, and OGD. However, the keywords used also change every year. Each country has a different algorithm for open government. The United States finds more transparency in compiling data. Meanwhile, the UK talks more about the availability of data to make digital government implemented efficiently. It also strengthens the policy that the Netherlands enforces open government data to investigate criminal cases that refer to citizen/community involvement in the Netherlands. Lastly, Spain pays attention to the transparency used to inform some policies in Spain. In the four countries mentioned transparency and information. Also, it is stated that citizen engagement is also a significant finding in each article. However, there are failures to have open government data mainly due to the site and its licenses. They examined the open data that the government uses today as part of an algorithm that has worked previously with experts in computers and information technology.
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Yang, Yanhong. "Information Publicity and Secrecy in Electronic Government." In 2012 Fourth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2012.175.

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"ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT IN BRAZIL - Evaluating Brazil Initiative." In 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003493502450253.

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Aljebly, Randa, and Hatim Aboalsamh. "E-government — A survey on achieving advanced electronic government services." In 2011 International Conference and Workshop on the Current Trends in Information Technology (CTIT'11). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ctit.2011.6107950.

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Marcovecchio, Ignacio, Elsa Estevez, and Pablo Fillottrani. "Government chief information officer (GCIO) ontology." In ICEGOV '13: 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591888.2591894.

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Reports on the topic "Electronic government information – Spain"

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Creedon, M. A. DoD Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Convention: ASC X12 Transaction Set 858 Freight Government Bill of Lading Shipment Information (Version 003010). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264646.

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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, and Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemics. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29471.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a pre-registered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key policy variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly over-estimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility that are not clearly delineated.
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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, and Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemic. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/25027.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Furthermore, most governments fell short of expectations in their management of the pandemic. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a preregistered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly overestimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility are not clearly delineated.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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National Single Window: Guidance Note. Asian Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220175-2.

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This note provides information on planning and implementing electronic national single window systems to support efficient compliance with international trade regulations. A national single window enables trade and transport stakeholders to provide information to multiple government agencies through one platform to meet import, export, and transit requirements efficiently. Processing international trade through a single window reduces cargo release time and the cost of doing business, increases competitiveness and efficiency, and improves the way business is done. The guidance note explores why such a system matters, key governance and design components, international interoperability, good practices, and risk mitigation.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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