Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electronic governance (e-governance)'

The study explores the use of Electronic governance (E-governance) as a Public Sector management tool for service provision in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The main research question being pursued sought to find out the extent to which E-governance can be an effective tool for public sector management and service provision in the municipality. The study used both quantitative data (obtained through questionnaire survey) and qualitative data (through in-depth responses from municipality employees). The findings of the study seem to indicate that electronic governance is being utilised by a lesser percentage of citizens although it seems to be slowly gaining popularity with the highly educated and younger members of the public. Some members of the communities were still adamant to using online resources for different reasons. The study also reveals some challenges such as poverty, inequality and illiteracy as some of the hindrances to e-government. However, there is a degree of success of electronic governance in the municipality as evidenced by the percentage of the population now using the online transactions. A lot needs to be done in order to view e-governance as a true success in this municipality of Buffalo City Metropolitan if services are to be delivered effectively and efficiently to the people. It is therefore strongly recommended that there is a need to put in place good educational measures to ensure that the citizens are informed about various ways of doing online transactions with the municipality other than physically going there.

The study seeks to investigate the perceived lack of coordination, integration, and coherence among units of government as related to eGovernment. The nature of the study is qualitative with a focus on the use of eGovernment in the public sector and whether it can facilitate intergovernmental forums business processes in an effective and efficient manner. The scope of the study is confined to the intergovernmental fiscal system but focused on eGovernment, intergovernmental relations, and cooperative governance. The primary objective of the study is to explore the use of eGovernment whether it can facilitate, coordinate, and integrate intergovernmental relations. Some studies portray that there are challenges in the coordination of intergovernmental forums which have resulted into a disintegration of services. The study further investigates options that could mitigate these challenges through acknowledging the effective application of ICTs (eGovernment) in government services. The study has found that South Africa has a functioning system of intergovernmental which are not effectively coordinated in terms of engaging each other in matters of mutual interest. On the other hand, eGovernment promised to bring about cohesion and transparency when they are effectively employed. The study revealed that the application of eGovernment in the intergovernmental forums has the capability to improve their operations, respond to its ineffective coordination and improve delivery of services. In a nutshell, the study has found that there is a need for a radical planning outlook that recognises proper utilization of eGovernment in the intergovernmental forums to promote cooperative governance.

Pastaruoju metu e.valdžia tampa vis dažnesnis diskusijų objektas tiek buitiniu, tiek ir aukščiausiu teoriniu lygiu visame pasaulyje. Beveik visos pasaulio valstybės vysto e.valdžios iniciatyvas, eEuropos 2005 Veiksmų Plane e.valdžia išskiriama kaip viena pagrindinių prioritetinių krypčių. Ir nors pats e.valdžios fenomenas palyginti nesenas, tačiau jo skvarba tampa kiekvienos šalies socialine būtinybe. Dabartinės valdžios teisinio reguliavimo pagrindai iš esmės kinta dėl naujų valstybės ir visuomenės sąlygų bei poreikių. Nesunku pastebėti, kad šiandien radikaliai keičiasi valstybinio valdymo funkcijos, būdai bei jų įgyvendinimo priemonės. Visuotinai pripažinta, kad e.valdžios įgyvendinimo sėkmė priklauso nuo teisinio reguliavimo aplinkos. Valstybės turi nustatyti e.valdžios teisinio reglamentavimo rėmus, geriausiai atitinkančius jų visuomeninius poreikius, kadangi tik tinkama teisinė aplinka gali paskatinti e.valdžios procesų vystymasi. Kyla daugybė teisinių problemų, kurių sureguliavimui tiek mokslininkai, tiek įstatymų leidėjai ieško geriausių sprendimo būdų.
Recent developments of e-governance initiatives and processes are highly dependant on a proper legal environment of e-governance. The author of the thesis provides an overview of different legal framework initiatives for e-governance and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of them. The second part of the thesis is devoted to different regulatory theoretical approaches of e-governance expanding gradually around the world. First one concentrates on the developing separate laws and regulations covering individual questions pertaining to e-governance. Holistic framework identifies and addresses all relevant issues impacting e-Governance development under a single principal law or regulation. This part also includes an analysis of the alternative and maybe co-existence regulatory ways for e-governance – principle based model and self-regulation. Which model will work better will depend on the purpose of the regulation and on the specific circumstances. The third part gives real life examples introducing with the Austrian E-government Act and the USA 2002 E-government Act. Although the acts develop different e-governance legal regulatory concepts, several common features are identified – main e-governance principals, public-private partnership, establishing the responsible institutions, penal provisions. Finally current e-government situation of the Republic of Lithuania is examined. The legal environment of e-governance in Lithuania is still in transitional phase and... [to full text]

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This work is based on a review of literature on the theme Electronic Government. Its focus is the use ofthe same in the 27 state legislative bodies in Brazil as a tool for public transparency. More specificalIy, the present dissertation seeks to measure the leveI of transparency in the electronic portaIs of these legislative bodies. To this end, it was necessary to do bibliographical research on the theme, which served as a literary support for the formulations and conclusions that are presented in the study. The measurement of the degree of transparency in the state legislatures' electronic portaIs was done through the application of an electronic transparency measurement method, duly adapted, which is used by a nongovernmental organization - Legislative Monitor - to monitor Mexico's governmental electronic portaIs, based on a law of public transparency and access to public government information, now in vigor in that country. Thus, the model took into consideration the availability of information on: administrative functions; internaI control, legislative work; committee work; concessions; contracts and permissions; historical archives and library services; and externaI controls. The measurement was done item by item, presenting a table of transparency by item. Nevertheless, at the end of the study there is also presented a general ranking of electronic transparency, in which are listed alI the legislative bodies with their respective grades and leveI of transparency. To finish, the results of the research were corelated to other variables, with the intention of verifying if there is any degree of relation between the variables analyzed and the electronic transparency.
o trabalho tem como base uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema Governo Eletrônico, estando seu foco voltado para a sua utilização nas 27 assembléias legislativas estaduais do Brasil, no que diz respeito a sua utilização como ferramenta de transparência pública. Mais especificamente, a presente dissertação buscou mensurar o nível de transparência nos portais eletrônicos dessas assembléias legislativas. Para tal desiderato, foi necessário realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, que serviu de suporte literário para o devido embasamento das formulações e conclusões que foram apresentadas no decorrer do estudo. A mensuração do grau de transparência dos portais eletrônicos dos legislativos estaduais foi realizada a partir da aplicação de um método de mensuração de transparência eletrônica, com as devidas adaptações, a qual é utilizada pela organização não governamental, Monitor Legislativo, para a monitoração dos portais eletrônicos do legislativo do México, tendo como base a lei de transparência pública e acesso a informações públicas governamentais, hoje em vigor naquele país. Assim, o modelo levou em consideração a disponibilização de informações sobre: função administrativa; controle interno; trabalho legislativo; trabalho das comissões; concessões, permissões e contratos; arquivo histórico e serviços bibliotecários; e controles externos. A mensuração foi feita item a item, já apresentando um quadro da transparência por item. Não obstante, no final do trabalho foi apresentado um ranking geral da transparência eletrônica, no qual foram dispostas todas as assembléias legislativas estaduais com suas respectivas notas e nível de transparência correspondente. Por fim, os resultados da pesquisa foram correlacionados a outras variáveis, com o intuito de verificar se havia algum grau de relação entre as variáveis analisadas e a transparência eletrônica.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: in Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Dr Ephias Ruhode Cape Town campus December 2013
The use of ICTs such as computers, electronic databases and other technologies have been in use for a number of years within the public sector to organise, manage and disseminate information to the public as well as to facilitate day-to-day communication in government offices. In this context, the value of the use of ICTs has been to assist and streamline government operations. The technological development in South Africa has opened up the possibilities of the use of ICTs in the democratic and governance process. E-democracy has been defined as a tool for abandoning the representative system for one with more direct citizen engagement. This study sets out to explore the challenges of the current electoral process, and also determine the factors that could influence the adoption and diffusion of e-voting technologies within the South African context. Literature has shown that countries such as Brazil and India have successfully implemented electronic voting systems and other countries are at various piloting stages to address many challenges and problems associated with manual paper based system such as costs of physical ballot paper and other overheads, electoral delays, distribution of electoral materials, and general lack of confidence in the electoral process. It is in this context that the study also seeks to determine whether the South African electoral management body can leverage on the opportunities that e-voting presents. However, with all the benefits that e-voting presents, there are countries such Germany, the Netherlands etc. that have tried and tested e-voting systems and decided to abandon these system to go back to the manual paper ballot voting systems because of various reasons ranging from cost, security and verifiability. This research is exploratory in nature and adopts qualitative research approach and it is within the interpretivism paradigm. Survey and interview strategies were used to collect data. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants for the survey. To gain an understanding of the views of voters and electoral management body (IEC) about the current electoral process and e-voting technologies, literature was explored, a questionnaire was distributed online to voters and an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with the IEC. The study targeted voters who had access to the internet since the survey questionnaire was distributed online. The analysis is based on thematic analysis and diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory was also used to provide an analytical framework for the study. Through this framework the aims and objectives of the study were conceptualized around three constructs from the theory (relative advantage, compatibility and complexity). The findings of the study revealed that the three constructs from the DoI framework are important factors that may influence the adoption process of e-voting technologies. The findings also revealed other factors such as availability of ICT enable infrastructure and resources, digital divide, trust in technology, awareness of the technology and environment could that also influence the adoption process. The contributions of this research are anticipated to be a better understanding of the adoption of e-voting technologies in South Africa. For the electoral management bodies, the contribution of this research is that the research to some extent portrays factors that could influence the adoption of e-voting technologies in South Africa. Therefore, findings such as availability of ICT infrastructure and accessibility of these infrastructures should be taken into consideration before introducing e-voting technologies. Keywords: DoI (diffusion of Innovation), e-voting (electronic voting) technologies, E-governance, e-participation.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: e-Governance refers to the utilisation of technology to improve on service delivery, sharing of information, client participation as well as to advance government through the transformation of its internal and external relationships (Shilubane, 2001:40).e-Governance further implies that government disseminates information and renders services to the public through “electronic means” (Manohar, Pulapa and Mellam, 2009:243). On the other hand, e-government is not entirely about electronic service delivery, but part of the continuous restructuring of government to ensure participation from its partners for improved efficacy and success. Therefore e-government is participatory in nature when implemented correctly. This study assesses and evaluates the current infrastructure and current e-initiatives of the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) Regional Office Western Cape and the extent to which the agency and its customers are ready to adopt e-government. The e-Governance Road Map (ERM) developed by Ernst & Young India for the New Delhi government was used to guide the researcher to assess the level of e-readiness of the SASSA Regional Office Western Cape. The Information and Communication Technology manager and customer care manager of the SASSA Regional Office Western Cape were interviewed and the beneficiaries of SASSA were requested to participate in the completion of questionnaires. The study found that the customers of SASSA were not as interested in electronic services as in mobile services such as reminders and notifications through short message service (SMS). There are, however, several impediments at SASSA such as an adoption of e-government and m-government, low budget for information and communication technology (ICT) as well as to conduct research among a larger group of SASSA customers. The study mainly recommends that the SASSA Regional Office Western Cape conduct a research study on a larger scale than this research study and to determine the needs of customers in respect of e-services and m-services. Should the agency decide to conduct an e-readiness assessment, the National e-Government Plan (NeGP) of India could be a useful guideline for the implementation of e-governance. The research study strongly recommends that SASSA develops a capacity-building roadmap for the successful implementation of e-governance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: e-Regering verwys na die benutting van tegnologie om te verbeter op dienslewering, die deel van inligting, die kliënte deelname te versterk, sowel as om die regering te bevorder deur die transformasie van interne en eksterne verhoudings (Shilubane,2001:40). e-Regering impliseer verder dat die regering inligting versprei en dienste lewer aan die publiek deur middel van "elektroniese metodes" (Manohar, Pulapa en Mellam, 2009:243). Aan die ander kant, e-regering het nie slegs betrekking tot elektroniese dienslewering nie, maar sluit ook in die deurlopende herstrukturering van die regering om deelname van sy vennote te verseker om doeltreffendheid en sukses te bewerkstellig. e-Regering word dus as deelnemend beskou wanneer dit korrek geïmplementeer word. Hierdie studie bepaal en evalueer die huidige infrastruktuur en e-inisiatiewe van die Suid Afrikaanse Agentskap vir Maatskaplike Sekerheid (SAAMS) Streekkantoor Wes-Kaap en die mate waarin die agentskap en sy kliënte gereed is om e-regering aan te neem. Die e-regering kaart wat ontwikkel is deur Ernst en Young Indië vir die Nieu-Delhi regering was gebruik as riglyn om die vlak van e-gereedheid van die SAAMS Streekkantoor Wes-Kaap te bepaal. Onderhoude was gevoer met die Inligting en Kommunikasie tegnologiebestuurder en die kliëntediensbestuurder van die SAAMS Streekkantoor Wes-Kaap en die begunstigdes van SAAMS was versoek om deel te neem in die voltooiing van vraelyste. Die studie het bevind dat die kliënte van SAAMS nie werklik belangstel in elektroniese dienste nie, maar inteendeel aan mobiele dienste, onder andere kennisgewings deur middel van 'n kort boodskap diens. Daar is egter verskeie hindernisse wat die aanvaarding van e-regering en m-regering bemoeilik soos byvoorbeeld 'n lae begroting vir inligting en kommunikasie tegnologie (IKT) asook om navorsing te doen onder 'n groter groep van SAAMS kliënte. Die studie beveel hoofsaaklik aan dat SAAMS Streekkantoor Wes-Kaap 'n navorsingsprojek doen op 'n groter skaal as hierdie navorsing en die behoeftes van kliënte ten opsigte van e-dienste en m-dienste te bepaal. Indien die agentskap besluit om 'n e-gereedheid assessering uit te voer, word die Nasionale e-Regering Plan (NeGP) van Indië aan beveel as 'n nuttige riglyn vir die implementering van e-regering. Die navorsing beveel sterk aan dat SAAMS 'n vermoë-opbouplan vir die suksesvolle implementering van e-regering ontwikkel.

Tese de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas
Os organismos da Administração Pública foram sujeitos a diversas experiências de aplicação dos e-services que aliados à evolução tecnológica fizeram evoluir os serviços públicos eletrónicos. Neste sentido iniciaram-se processos sistemáticos de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços prestados com recurso aos sistemas de informação, salvaguardando a privacidade dos dados dos indivíduos e preservando os valores das instituições. A qualidade destes serviços está agora centrada nas necessidades e motivações das interações e transações eletrónicas realizadas por os diversos atores, quer se designem por clientes, utentes ou simplesmente cidadãos. Em face da relevância desta realidade – qualidade dos e-services - a questão que colocámos como base para esta investigação foi “Qual o nível de qualidade oferecido pelos e-services na Administração Pública Local em Portugal? “ A estrutura geral de apresentação e a dinâmica de utilização oferecida pelos diferentes sítios dos 18 municípios que constituem a NUTS II não se conhecem diferenças relevantes na qualidade percebida dos serviços eletrónicos prestados. Reconheceu-se neste estudo que os critérios “Confiança” e “Suporte ao Cidadão” apresentaram um valor superior na Península de Setúbal. Resulta desta análise uma nova questão que se prende em saber se pode inferir que a subregião estatística da Península de Setúbal tem uma relação mais próxima e cuidada com os munícipes.
The organizations of Public Administration underwent various experiences of implementation of e-services that, combined with the technological evolution, did evolve public electronic services. In this direction, they began systematic processes for evaluating the quality of services provided using information systems, while preserving the privacy of individuals and preserving the values of the institutions. The quality of these services is now centered on the needs and motivations of interactions and electronic transactions carried out by the various actors, whether they designate by clients, users or simply citizens. Given the relevance of this reality - quality of e-services - the question we posed as a basis for this research was "What is the level of quality offered by the e-services in Local Public Administration in Portugal?" The overall structure of presentation and the dynamics of use offered by the different sites of the 18 municipalities which constitute the NUTS II, do not acknowledge relevant differences in perceived quality of electronic services provided. It was recognized in this study that the criteria "Trust" and "Citizen Support" showed a higher value in the Setúbal Peninsula. Resulting of this analysis a new related issue concerns whether it is possible to infer that the statistical sub-region of Setúbal’s Peninsula has a closer relationship and cared for with residents.

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Informação, especialidade em Sistemas e Tecnologias da Informação
Desde os primórdios da Humanidade, até aos nossos dias, a gestão do território, continua a ser uma temática complexa, dados os elementos que os compõem, que estabelecem relações complexas e intensas, cuja mediação transcende por vezes a própria capacidade humana. Isto, não demanda por vezes da falta de competências ou habilidades, mas sim da intensidade própria de fluxos de relacionamentos que se entrelaçam em si mesmas. Daí decorre a necessidade permanente de se encontrar outras formas de auxiliar a gestão do território, como no caso em estudo, o recurso ao Governo e à Governação electrónica. Tendo por base a questão de partida de como é que no contexto de Angola podem ser implementados e explorados os benefícios do Governo Electrónico Local, é proposto um modelo para a exploração do potencial do Governo Electrónico Local que tenha em atenção as particularidades do contexto de Angola. O percurso efectuado, começou pelo levantamento da bibliográfia e do estado da arte, que retrata as práticas e os modelos de governo electrónico e do governo electrónico local, estabelecendo bases conceptuais para a análise do contexto específico a tratar. Para o efeito, foi realizada uma recolha de dados, apoiada numa metodologia de investigação-acção, com a aplicação de questionários à população e de entrevistas dirigidas a elementos de nível estratégico e do nível executivo. O trabalho apresente no essencial três contributos: (i) a apresentação de uma proposta de modelo de conceptual de Governo Electrónico Local para o uso no contexto de Angola; (ii) a recolha e disponibilização de dados que proporciona um retrato do país na sua vertente de Sociedade da Informação e (iii) um conjunto de recomendações para a implementação e desenvolvimento do modelo proposto para suporte ao Governo Electrónico Local. O trabalho permitiu constatar que existe bibliografia extensa sobre a área em estudo. Da análise e trabalho realizado, foi desenvolvido e proposto um modelo para o Governo Electrónico Local, tendo em conta o contexto específico de Angola. O modelo proposto confirma que é possível o recurso ao Governo Electrónico Local, para apoio à implementação das autarquias locais em Angola. O Governo Electrónico Local, tem potencial para acompanhar a implementação e exploração do quadro político previsto, de forma ajustada à realidade e ao contexto de Angola e incorporando as vantagens reportadas pelos casos de sucesso existentes na adopção do Governo Electrónico. Os questionários e entrevistas realizadas permitiram observar que há um número considerável de utilizadores de Internet e de dispositivos móveis, abrindo boas perspectivas para a implementação do Governo Electrónico Local. De igual modo, ficou provado através dos dados recolhidos, que os serviços públicos ainda não estão próximos dos cidadãos e que os níveis de interacção e participação precisam de ser melhorados, pelo que o recurso ao potencial do Governo Electrónico Local é um instrumento que pode permitir o aumento da eficiência e a maior eficácia dos serviços públicos prestados que justifica, no contexto do poder local.
Since the beginning of the Humanity, till our days, the territory management it is still a complex subject matter, taking into account the elements that it has, which establish complex relations, that its measurement sometimes transcend the human capacity. It sometimes does not demand lack of competences or abilities, but of course the intensity of the relationships that connects in itself. Therefore, there is a constant necessity in finding other ways of aiding the territory management, as the case in study, the appeal to the Government and the Electronic Government. The starting point to this issue, it is how in the context of Angola should be implemented and explored the benefits of the Local Electronic Government? It is proposed a model for exploration of potential of the Local e-government that has in attention the particularities of the context of Angola. The work done has started by collecting the bibliographic data and consequent state of art that portrays the practices and the models of Electronic Government and Local Electronic Government, establish conceptual bases to analyze the specific context to focus on. For the effect, it was realized the collection of data using a methodology of investigation-action, with the application of questionnaires to population and interviews made to elements of strategic level, and to elements of executive level. The work presents essentially three contributes: (i) a presentation of a proposal of a model of conceptual of Local Electronic Government to be used in the context of Angola; (ii) the collection of statistic data that provides portrays the country in its context of information society, and (iii) a group of recommendations to be implemented and for the development of the model proposed to support the Local Electronic Government. The work allowed noticing that exits extensive bibliography about the area in study. From analyze and the work done, it was developed and proposed a model for Local Electronic Government, taking into account the specific context of Angola. The model proposed confirms that it is possible the appeal to Local Electronic Government, to implement the local councils in Angola. The Local Electronic Government, has a potential to guide the implementation and exploration of the politic moment foreseen, related to the reality and in the context of Angola and including the advantages reported by existing successful events in the e-government adoption. The questionnaires and interviews carried out in this work allowed to observe that there are a substantial number of Internet users and mobile devices, allowing for a good perspective to the implementation of Local Electronic Government. At the time, it was proved through data gathered that the public services are not yet near the citizens and the interaction and the participation need to be developed, so that the potential appeal to the Local Electronic Government becomes an instrument that may allow the increase of efficiency and efficacy of public services provided to the target group that justifies it within the context of local power.
Depuis l'aube de l'humanité, à ce jour, l’aménagement du territoire, reste toujours une question complexe, étant donné les éléments constitutifs qui établissent des relations complexes et intenses, dont la médiation dépasse parfois la capacité humaine. Cela ne dépend pas du manque de compétences ou de capacités, mais de l'intensité même du flux de relations qui s’entrelacent. D'où la nécessité de continuer à trouver d'autres moyens pour aider la gestion du territoire, tels que celui de notre étude, ´est lui dire l'appel au gouvernement et à la gouvernance électronique. Basé sur la question initiale de comment, dans le contexte particulier de l’Angola, peut on mettre en oeuvre et exploiter les avantages de l'administration locale en ligne. Nous proposons un modèle pour explorer le potentiel de l'administration locale en ligne, en tenant compte des particularités du contexte de l'Angola. Le chemin parcouru a commencé pour la révision de la littérature et de l'état de l'art, qui représentent les pratiques et les modèles d’e-gouvernement et de-gouvernement locale, en établissant une base conceptuelle pour l'analyse du contexte spécifique à étudier. À cette fin, une collection de données a été réalisée, basée sur une méthodologie de recherche-action, avec l'application de questionnaires à la population et des entretiens visant aux éléments de niveau stratégique et de niveau exécutif. Cette étude présente essentiellement trois contributions: (i) la présentation d'une proposition de modèle conceptuel pour le gouvernement locale électronique dans le contexte de l'Angola; (ii) la collecte et la disponibilité de données qui fournissent un profil du pays en tant que partie de la société de l'information et (iii) une série de recommandations pour la mise en oeuvre et le développement du modèle proposé de soutien pour le gouvernement locale électronique. Le travail nous a permis vérifier l’existence d’une littérature abondante sur ce domaine d'étude. A partir de l’analyse de cette bibliographie a été élaboré et proposé un modèle pour le gouvernement local électronique, en tenant compte du contexte spécifique de l'Angola.Le modèle proposé confirme que l'utilisation de l'e-Gouvernement est le mieux chemin pour soutenir la mise en oeuvre des gouvernements locaux en Angola. Le gouvernement locale électronique a le potentiel pour aider la mise en oeuvre et le fonctionnement du cadre politique prévu, correspondant à la réalité actuelle de l'Angola, si l’on prend en compte les avantages signalés par les histoires de réussite présenté dans l'adoption de l'administration en ligne. Des questionnaires et des entretiens ont noté qu'il a un nombre considérable d'utilisateurs d'Internet et les appareils mobiles, ouvrant de bonnes perspectives pour la mise en oeuvre de l'administration locale en ligne. De même, il a été prouvé par les données recueillies, que les services publics ne sont pas proches des citoyens et que les niveaux d'interaction et de participation doivent être améliorés, de sorte que l'utilisation du potentiel local de l’e-Gouvernement locale soit un outil qui puisse permettre augmenter de l'efficacité et la prestation Dun service public plus efficace dans le contexte de l'administration locale.

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This research is the research on the concept of electronic governance and its practical influence on the performance of listed companies in IBOVESPA. Are discussed in the theoretical framework the concepts of corporate governance and e-governance which are essential for the definition of electronic governance, also discusses about performance and its indicators. Goals as we seek to verify the influence of electronic governance index - IGCE indicators of economic and financial performance of companies listed on Bovespa Index for the years 2012 to 2014. In addition to identifying the key performance indicators used in the literature as well as contribute to the improvement of the theoretical construct on electronic governance. Means choosing a methodology for a quantitative approach, using the statistical method, with reference to the rate of electronic governance (IGCE), 2011, 2012 and 2013, comprising 55 practices collected on the websites of corporations listed on the Bovespa. The unit of analysis comprises the websites of the Bovespa index components companies in March 2012, 2013 and 2014 totaling 48 companies. To verify the issue addressed in the study, we used the statistical technique of regression with panel data, with the aid of Stata and SPSS software. The performance indicators used as dependent variables were the Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Margin, Market Value Added, Economic Value Added and Return and Beta of assets, and as the independent variable, governance index electronic corporate. After running the tests was possible to verify that the regressions with the ML variables, EVA, MVA and BETA were not statistically significant at a level of 5%, the ROA and ROE variables were statistically significant, but did not meet the assumptions of the regression model with panel data. Regression to the CAPM variable met all model assumptions with panel data, showing that the electronic corporate governance practices have a negative influence on the risk of the assets of the companies comprising the IGCE. Noting that the more electronic corporate governance practices and fuller they are deployed, the greater will be the expected return on investment and lower the risk.
Esta pesquisa consiste na investigação sobre o conceito da governança corporativa eletrônica e se suas práticas influenciam no desempenho das empresas listadas no IBOVESPA. São abordados no referencial teórico os conceitos de governança corporativa e governança eletrônica os quais são essenciais para a definição do conceito de governança corporativa eletrônica, aborda-se também sobre o desempenho e seus indicadores. Como objetivos busca-se verificar a influência do índice de governança corporativa eletrônica IGCE nos indicadores de desempenho econômico e financeiro das empresas listadas no Índice Bovespa nos anos de 2012 a 2014. Além de identificar os principais indicadores de desempenho utilizados na literatura, bem como contribuir na melhoria do constructo teórico sobre a governança corporativa eletrônica. Opta-se por uma metodologia de abordagem quantitativa, por meio do método estatístico, tendo como referência o índice de governança corporativa eletrônica (IGCE) de 2011, 2012 e 2013, sendo composto por 55 práticas coletadas nos sites das corporações listadas no Ibovespa. A unidade de análise compreende os websites das empresas componentes do Ibovespa em março de 2012, 2013 e 2014 totalizando 48 empresas. Para verificar a questão abordada no estudo, utilizou-se da técnica estatística de regressão com dados em painel, com o auxílio do software Stata e SPSS. Os indicadores de desempenho utilizados como variáveis dependentes foram a Rentabilidade sobre o Ativo, Rentabilidade sobre o Patrimônio Líquido, Margem Líquida, Valor de Mercado Adicionado, Valor Econômico Agregado e o Retorno e o Beta dos ativos, e como variável independente o, índice de governança corporativa eletrônica. Após rodar os testes foi possível averiguar que as regressões com as variáveis ML, EVA, MVA e BETA não se mostraram estatisticamente significativas a um nível de 5%, as variáveis ROA e ROE foram estatisticamente significativas, porém não atenderam aos pressupostos do modelo de regressão com dados em painel. A regressão com a variável CAPM atendeu a todos os pressupostos do modelo com dados em painel, mostrando que as práticas de governança corporativa eletrônica exercem uma influência negativa sobre o risco dos ativos das empresas que compõem o IGCE. Constatando que quanto mais práticas de governança corporativa eletrônica e mais completas elas são implantadas, maior poderá ser a expectativa de retorno sobre o investimento e menor será o risco.

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O Governo EletrÃnico à uma estratÃgia que utiliza dos recursos disponÃveis da Tecnologia da InformaÃÃo (TI) no Poder PÃblico, com vistas à uma melhor prestaÃÃo de serviÃos/informaÃÃes aos cidadÃos, à melhoria da sua gestÃo interna e à interaÃÃo com parceiros e fornecedores. A GovernanÃa de TI tem por principal objetivo o alinhamento das suas aÃÃes Ãs estratÃgias definidas em um determinado negÃcio. Considerando ser o Governo EletrÃnico estratÃgico ao Poder Executivo do Estado do Cearà e a GovernanÃa de TI, um meio pelo qual a TI apoie e estenda essa estratÃgia, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influÃncia das estratÃgias de Governo EletrÃnico em AÃÃes de GovernanÃa de TI, desenvolvidas no ambiente do Governo do Estado do CearÃ. Para tanto, o estudo propÃe como objetivos especÃficos a anÃlise das EstratÃgias de Governo EletrÃnico e a anÃlise das AÃÃes de GovernanÃa de TI existentes nos ÃrgÃos e entidades que compÃem o Poder Executivo do Estado do CearÃ. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso Ãnico e incorporado, em que as unidades de anÃlises sÃo compostas pelas estratÃgias de Governo EletrÃnico dos ÃrgÃos, bem como suas aÃÃes de GovernanÃa de TI. O estudo de caso utilizou trÃs tipos de evidÃncias, tal como, os documentos das polÃticas de Governo EletrÃnico e GovernanÃa de TI, publicados no DiÃrio Oficial do Estado; QuestionÃrios para o levantamento das estratÃgias de Governo EletrÃnico e das aÃÃes de GovernanÃa de TI, e; Entrevistas em profundidade semiestruturada. Foram coletados 32 documentos de polÃticas. Contaram-se 52 ÃrgÃos, que responderam aos questionÃrios. Realizaram-se 18 entrevistas. Foi utilizado o mÃtodo de AnÃlise de ConteÃdo Qualitativa para anÃlise dos documentos de polÃtica e das entrevistas realizadas. Para tratamento dos dados dos questionÃrios, utilizou-se de tÃcnicas da EstatÃstica Descritiva. As percepÃÃes obtidas com este estudo de caso indicam que a InfluÃncia das EstratÃgias de Governo EletrÃnico em AÃÃes de GovernanÃa de TI ocorrem por meio da observÃncia aos Documentos de PolÃticas relacionados aos temas; e conforme a complexidade dos serviÃos de Tecnologia da InformaÃÃo prestados pelos ÃrgÃos.
The Electronic Government is a strategy that uses available resources of Technology Information (IT) in government, with a view to better provision of services / information to citizens, to improve their internal management and interaction with partners and suppliers. The IT Governance is primarily engaged in the alignment of its shares the strategies defined in a certain business. Considering that the Government Strategic electronic Executive of Ceara Power and IT Governance, a means whereby IT support and extend this strategy, this study aimed to analyze the influence of e-government strategies in IT Governance Shares, developed in the Government of the State of Cearà environment. To this end, the study proposes as specific objectives the analysis of e-government strategies and the analysis of Shares IT governance existing in the organs and entities comprising the Executive Power State of Ceara. This is a unique, embedded Case Study, in which units analyzes are made by the eGovernment strategies of agencies and their IT Governance actions. The case study used three types of evidence, such as the documents of eGovernment policies and IT Governance, published in the Journal Official State; Questionnaires for the survey of e-government strategies and the IT Governance actions, and; In-depth semi-structured interviews. They were collected 32 policy documents. They were counted 52 bodies that responded to questionnaires. 18 interviews were held. We used the content analysis method For qualitative analysis of policy documents and interviews. For data processing of questionnaires, we used the descriptive statistics techniques. At insights gained with this case study indicate that the influence of Strategies Electronic Government IT Governance Actions occur through the observance of Policy documents related to the issues; and according to the complexity of the service Information Technology provided by agencies.

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) têm transformado a forma como a sociedade e o governo se relacionam, proporcionando uma aproximação entre a administração pública e o cidadão por meio da prestação de serviços públicos eletrônicos, sendo essa relação mediada por TICs conhecida como governo eletrônico. A utilização do governo eletrônico propicia uma série de benefícios para a administração pública, como a eficiência pública, melhora na accountability, controle dos gastos governamentais e oferta de serviços públicos eletrônicos de qualidade que proporcionem a satisfação dos usuários. Nesse contexto, o estudo se propôs a analisar a satisfação dos gestores municipais de saúde e os contadores com o Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde (SIOPS) e propor um modelo para avaliação desse sistema de satisfação desses usuários. O SIOPS representa um instrumento de controle e acompanhamento da aplicação mínima constitucional de recursos com ações e serviços públicos de saúde. Inicialmente, analisou-se o site, redes sociais e programa do SIOPS, depois entrevistas com gestores federais e órgãos de controle, visando a elaboração de uma matriz SWOT e, por fim, avaliou-se a satisfação dos gestores municipais de saúde e contadores (alimentadores do sistema) com a utilização do sistema. Para obtenção desse objetivo, elaborou-se um modelo de análise dos serviços públicos ofertados pelo SIOPS e avaliação da satisfação de utilização do mesmo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o SIOPS executa os objetivos para o qual ele foi criado, que os gestores municipais e contadores estão satisfeitos com o sistema, sendo a eficiência, confiabilidade, liderança estratégica, inteligência competitiva e gestão da tecnologia os atributos que mais contribuíram para a satisfação dos gestores municipais e a eficiência, qualidade da informação/serviço, suporte ao usuário, confiabilidade e gestão da tecnologia no caso da satisfação dos contadores.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have transformed the way society and government relate, providing an approximation between the public administration and citizens through the provision of electronic public services. This relationship mediated by ICTs is known as electronic government. The use of e-government provides a number of benefits for public administration, such as public efficiency, improved accountability, control of government spending, and the provision of good quality electronic public services that provide user satisfaction. In this context, the study to analyze the satisfaction of the municipal health managers and the accountants with the Information System on Public Budgets in Health (SIOPS) in order to propose a model for the evaluation of this system and the satisfaction of its users. The SIOPS represents an instrument for controlling and monitoring the minimum constitutional application of resources with public health actions and services. Initially, the SIOPS website, social networks and program were analyzed, then federal managers and members of control bodies were interviewed in order to elaborate a SWOT matrix and, finally, the satisfaction of municipal health managers and accountants (system feeders) with the use of the system was evaluated. To achieve this goal, a model of analysis concerning the public services offered by the SIOPS and its satisfaction assessment was elaborated. The results allowed us to conclude that SIOPS accomplishes the objectives for which it was created and that municipal managers and accountants are satisfied with the system. The attributes that contributed the most for the satisfaction of municipal managers were efficiency, reliability, strategic leadership, competitive intelligence and technology management, whereas for the accountants\' satisfaction the main aspects were efficiency, quality of information/service, user support, reliability and technology management.

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Lined in the genesis of national political organization, seeks to reduce the complexity of social and political organization prevailing system, consolidating on key historical events, responsible for building the basis of citizenship and consequent awareness of the need for interaction between rulers and ruled, thus was born the institute of ombudsman public in order to fill the gap of communication and society participation in governance state. This work, in addition to addressing the roots of generating political support base of the institute of ombudsman, brings to fore the changing needs of the institute in national and international bias, limiting the playing field, major public and private actions that corroborated and corroborate the organization and structuring of public sector ombudsmen. Concomitantly, entered to the world of e-governance in favor of a new relational format, improving the emancipatory process of transparency, participation and democratization National. We highlight special attention to the model used in the Federal Executive, the body that is driving the Ombudsman General of the Union, as the work under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply argued that motivated the main arguments (theoretical and empirical) of this research.
Referendado na gênese da organização política nacional, busca-se reduzir a complexidade social e política do sistema de organização vigente, consubstanciando-se nos principais acontecimentos históricos, responsáveis pela construção da base de cidadania e consequente conscientização da necessidade de interação entre governados e governantes. Assim, nasce o instituto das ouvidorias públicas, a fim de preencher a lacuna da comunicação e participação da sociedade na gestão pública estatal. O presente trabalho, além de abordar as raízes políticas geradoras da base de sustentação do instituto de ouvidorias, traz à baila o contexto evolutivo do instituto no viés nacional e internacional, delimitando o campo de atuação e principais ações que corroboraram e corroboram com a organização e estruturação do setor de ouvidorias públicas. De forma concomitante, adentrou-se no universo da governança eletrônica, em prol de uma nova formatação relacional, aprimorando o processo emancipatório da transparência, participação e redemocratização Nacional. É dada especial atenção ao modelo utilizado no âmbito do Executivo Federal, do órgão motriz que é a Ouvidoria-Geral da União, como os trabalhos desenvolvidos no âmbito da Ouvidoria do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, que sustentaram e motivaram os principais argumentos (teóricos e empíricos), da presente pesquisa.

O presente trabalho objetiva identificar as potencialidades e os constrangimentos existentes ao desenvolvimento da democracia digital no Brasil. Por democracia digital entende-se o emprego de ferramentas de participação eletrônica no ciclo de políticas públicas com a finalidade de promover a democratização e o controle social da gestão pública. O método empregado é o estudo de caso de três experiências de democracia digital que abrangem os níveis federal, estadual e municipal: as consultas públicas eletrônicas, o Gabinete Digital e o OP Digital, respectivamente. A análise dessas iniciativas aponta para as possibilidades de: i) adoção da e-participação em diferentes etapas do ciclo de políticas públicas, e ii) ampliação significativa do número de participantes quando comparado a experiências presenciais. Contudo, percebe-se ainda um subaproveitamento das tecnologias, bem como um padrão insuficiente de resposta da administração pública às contribuições da sociedade, encaminhadas dessas ferramentas. Além dos problemas relacionados à exclusão digital, fatores políticos, organizacionais e institucionais limitam o impacto da e-participação, dos quais se destacam o papel da burocracia e a carência de arranjos institucionais que sustentem a operação da democracia digital.
This paper intends to identify the potentialities and the constraints of the development of digital democracy in Brazil. Digital democracy consists of enacting electronic participation tools throughout the public policy cycle, aiming at enhancing social control and democratization of public management. This research employs the case study method for analyzing three digital democracy experiences in Brazil at the federal, state, and local levels: respectively, public e-consultations; Digital Cabinet; and Digital Participatory Budgeting. These initiatives indicate that it is possible to apply e-Participation tools for i) the democratization of each stage of the public policy cycle and ii) increasing the number of participants in comparison to in-person experiences. Nonetheless, one can observe the underutilization of the ICT‘s potential and an unsatisfactory pattern of feedback from the public management about the inputs of society delivered by these tools. Besides the problems related to digital divide, some political, organizational, and institutional issues limit the impact and the adoption of e-participation, out of which is worth underscoring the role of civil servants‘ bureaucracy and the lack of institutional arrangements to sustain the digital democracy operation.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las potencialidades y los factores limitadores existentes en el desarrollo de la democracia digital en Brasil. La democracia digital consiste en el empleo de herramientas de participación electrónica en el ciclo de políticas públicas con la finalidad de promover la democratización y el control social de la gestión pública. El método empleado fue el estudio de caso de tres experiencias de democracia digital que abarcan los niveles federal, regional y municipal: las consultas públicas electrónicas, el Gabinete Digital y el Presupuesto Participativo Digital, respectivamente. El análisis de las iniciativas apunta a la posibilidad de: i) adopción de la e-participación en diferentes etapas del ciclo de políticas públicas, y ii) la significativa ampliación del número de participantes en comparación con las experiencias presenciales. Sin embargo, todavía se percibe un escaso aprovechamiento de las tecnologías y un patrón insuficiente de respuesta de la administración pública a las contribuciones de la sociedad encaminadas a través de esas herramientas. Además de los problemas relacionados con la exclusión digital, factores políticos, organizativos e institucionales limitan el impacto de la e-participación, de los cuales se destacan el papel de la burocracia y la carencia de arreglos institucionales que sustenten la operación de la democracia digital.

Advances in information technology (IT) and the global shift from governance to e-governance in the public sector have motivated Uganda to put in place a robust information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to enhance citizen access to e-information and information flow for e-governance in its local governments. However, this has not been realized due to a lack of functional information systems. This study investigated critical issues in information access and flow in Isingiro district and Mbarara municipality – two of Uganda’s upper local governments – with the aim of modeling an information system to support e-governance in these governments. Rooted in a pragmatist epistemology with an orientation towards mixed methods research (MMR), the study adopted a methodological triangulation technique. A convergent design was adopted that involved the concurrent collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. A random sampling scheme was used to select 360 participants from 8 study sites for a questionnaire survey, while a purposive sampling scheme was used to select 64 people to participate in 8 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 25 in key informant interviews. The findings of the study indicate that citizen access to e-governance information in the local governments is low. Information flow to the citizens is constrained by lack of affordable media outlets, so the local governments are forced to keep frequency of government to citizen (G2C) communication to a bare minimum. Worse still, government communication lacks formal programming: neither is it based on an information needs assessment of the citizens nor does it have a feedback mechanism. There are also myriad factors breeding inequality and social disadvantage within the communities that constrain citizen access to ICT tools and e-skills. The findings show also that the current e-governance models are ICT-intensive and highly reliant on the Internet, so they require higher e-skills levels and higher diffusion of ICT tools than those currently available in developing countries. The models are also largely civil society oriented. However, a SWOT analysis shows that the local governments have the capacity to implement a home-grown, hybrid e-governance system of information access and flow. The study recommends inter alia that the local governments establish their own broadcasting services, base their public communications on citizen e-information needs, and design multi-media communication strategies combining traditional and convergent media. More importantly, the study recommends the implementation of an interactive, hybrid and multimedia e-governance information system, whose model it articulates.
Information Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

The business environment is impacted by technology both negatively and positively. To this extent, therefore, it is only prudent that the business environment adopts technological platforms, such as e-commerce, but there is a need to ascertain the risks involved, in order to optimize the benefits. This study set out to determine the impact of e-commerce on corporate governance in the retail sector in Zimbabwe. The corporates under investigation were Total Zimbabwe, Complete Solutions Architects, Venturecom and Kenac. The study included gathering the views of suppliers, customers, employees, government, and trade as well as investors. It employed a quantitative research design which involved the ultimate determination of the regression equation and a qualitative design which used interviews from stakeholder respondents. Some of the notable results from the questionnaire indicated poor customer relationship management on e-commerce platforms, a more stringent control than regulatory requirements and inadequate monitoring of the behaviour and activity of clients on e-commerce platforms. The investors also felt that the impact of electronic commerce impact on shareholder activity was not satisfactory especially with regards to meetings, but they indicated satisfaction with the enhancement of resources with regards to the generation of organizational profits. The regression equation finally revealed that for overall satisfaction, as a proxy for good corporate governance, as the dependent factor the statistically independent factors were investors and government as a trade, which could imply that these are the definitive stakeholders. From the interviews, there was indication some of the salient issues about e-commerce that were indicated included the untrustworthiness of intermediaries, the difficulty in describing physical goods and the difficulty of eliminating unethical practices on electronic commerce platforms. Inter-organizational compliance between the organizations and their stakeholders was also revealed as being a major factor that was needed in order to reduce the contagion effect. This action was followed by the view that the boards’ responsibilities and roles of the corporate boards needed had to change to manage risk on e-commerce platforms. The study concluded by suggesting a longitudinal study of the same topic incorporating more stakeholders and including more hypotheses to test all the possible and proposed relationships. More time is also recommended to cater for the fast development of ecommerce and IT in general
M. Sc. (Computing Science (Information Systems))
School of Computing

É evidente a crescente importância da governança eletrônica (GE) na Administração Pública Federal, na prestação de serviços públicos e no estímulo à participação cidadã nas iniciativas governamentais. Contudo, entender de que forma os modelos de GE afetam os resultados das organizações públicas carece de trabalho empírico. Procurou-se contribuir para o avanço do entendimento do fenómeno da GE nas universidades federais brasileiras, a partir das novas diretrizes de governança digital do Governo Federal. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica abordando os últimos 10 anos de investigação de GE no Brasil, seguida de um questionário aplicado às 63 universidades brasileiras. Entre as hipóteses formuladas, foi possível confirmar as H1 (As práticas de GE realizadas pelas universidades possuem uma baixa adesão aos princípios estabelecidos no Decreto Nº 8.638/2016), H2 (As práticas de GE realizadas pelas universidades possuem uma baixa adesão às iniciativas estratégicas previstas na Estratégia de Governança Digital da Administração Pública Federal) e H4 (Houve um aumento de implantação de práticas de GE nas universidades a partir da promulgação do novo marco legal), e rejeitar a H3 (A formulação, a execução e o controlo das práticas de GE estão concentrados nas áreas de Tecnologia da Informação e Conhecimento das universidades). Evidenciou-se que as universidades apresentam mais características de e-governo do que de governança eletrônica e que há uma concentração de práticas voltadas à prestação de serviços e ao acesso à informação. Falta, portanto, um maior incentivo à participação da sociedade nos processos de tomada de decisão e controlo das universidades brasileiras.
It is evident the increasing importance of e-governance (EG) in the Federal Public Administration, in the provision of public services and in stimulating the participation of society in government initiatives. However, understanding how EG models affect the results of public organizations lacks empirical answers. It was sought to contribute to the advancement of the understanding of the phenomenon of electronic governance in Brazilian federal universities, based on the new digital governance guidelines of the Federal Government. For this, a bibliographical research is carried out addressing the last 10 years of research in Brazil, followed by a survey applied to the 63 Brazilian universities. It was possible to confirm the H1 (The EG practices carried out by the universities have a low adherence to the principles established in Decree Nº 8.638/2016), H2 (The EG practices carried out by the universities have a low adherence to the strategic initiatives foreseen in the Digital Governance Strategy of the Federal Public Administration) and H4 (There was an increase in the implantation of EG practices in universities from the promulgation of the new legal framework), and to reject H3 (The formulation, execution and control of EG practices are concentrated in the areas of Information Technology and Knowledge of universities). It was evidenced that federal universities present more characteristics of e-government than e-governance and that there is a concentration of practices focused on the provision of services and access to information. Thus, there is a lack of incentive to the participation of society in the decision-making and control processes of Brazilian universities.

This research report aims to provide a picture of Sweden's current attitude and approach to future digitization of the election system and how this change process can take place. It also aims to provide answers to our formulated research questions:   What is people's attitude to the current election system and future digitization of the election system?   How could the current Swedish electoral system be changed with the help of digitalisation and what could these changes look like?   Furthermore, it describes the methods and tools used for the collection of information and thus provides an accurate basis of the current situation through a summary of previous research on the subject through a literature study. Furthermore, the method chapter describes in detail the collection of information that was done through a quantitative and a qualitative study. First, an investigation is done on the current situation at the Swedish electoral authority. This investigation then forms the basis of the online survey that collected information from private individuals to give an understanding of their view and attitude on an electronic voting system. The results of this information collection are compiled and then presented in our results. This result is then discussed in our method chapter where we ourselves reflect on the information and responses we collected. In our discussion we also give examples of whether and how the introduction of a digital election system can and should take place. We do this by identifying different levels of digitization based on the results and presenting them together with a number of identified criteria. Finally, this research report can serve as a basis for answering the question of and in what way Sweden should introduce a digital election system.

O Presente trabalho de dissertação contextualiza a evolução e as reformas da administração pública, passando pelos novos conceitos e modelos, como a New Public Management (Nova Gestão Pública), baseada nas orientações gestionárias das organizações privadas e o New Public Service (Nova Administração Pública), orientada nas transformações da gestão profissional e da organização institucional do modelo de administração Weberiano dos Estados democráticos europeus. Também são abordados os conceitos de Governança e Accountability, que reforçam as formas democráticas de relacionamento, entre o Estado e a sociedade, principalmente em países recém saídos de longos períodos de ditaduras, como o Brasil. Em seguida, contextualiza-se o Governo Eletrônico, passando pelas iniciativas que contribuíram para a origem da Sociedade da Informação; com destaque para as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação – TICs, nos avanços do governo e comércio eletrônicos. O foco do trabalho está na análise da legislação brasileira de compras públicas, no tocante a regulamentação do pregão eletrônico, cuja implantação permitiu, ao Governo Federal, criar um sistema de Comércio Eletrônico visando à realização de compras públicas. Por fim, os estudos são sumarizados com uma análise comparativa dos dois maiores portais de compras públicas: o “Comprasnet” do Governo Federal e o “Licitações-e” do Banco do Brasil, onde estão elencados os históricos, quantidades de usuários, volumes negociados, modelos de receitas e custos, certificações e reconhecimentos recebidos e, em última análise, a existência ou não de maior transparência e redução de custos para a administração pública na utilização de um portal integrado de compras públicas.
The Present dissertation contextualizes the evolution and reform of public administration, through the new concepts and models such as the New Publical Management, based on the main guide of private organizations and New Public Servic, focused on changes in professional management and institutional organization of the Weberian model os European States’ administration and democracy. There is also a following description about concepts in government and accountability to strengthen the democratic forms of relationship between state and society, especially in countries which are increasing after a long period of dictatorships, such as Brazil. Moreover, “e-government” is then contextualized through the initiatives that contributed to the origin of the information society with emphasis on Information and Communication Technologies – ICTs - in advancing electronic government and electronic trading. The focus of the work is an analysis in Brazilian laws for public bids, concerning the electronic tradings’ regulations, which allowed the Federal Government to implement a system of electronic commerce, in order to conduct bids. Tom summarize, there will be a comparative analysis of the two major publical “e-commerces”, such as: “Comprasnet”, from the Federal Government Bids, and the “licitaçoes-e” from Banco do Brasil. Both of them bring the main methods of bidding, the amount of users, the trading volumes, and the revenue models. They also aim to analysis about the existence or not of greater transparency and lower costs for public administration in the use of an integrated portal for publical electronic trading.

A emergência de uma nova Sociedade da Informação na segunda metade do século XX veio introduzir mudanças estruturais profundas no tecido da sociedade contemporânea. Sob o efeito das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, elemento acelerador em constante evolução, sobrevieram transformações na estrutura produtiva, na organização do Estado, na educação e em atividades lúdicas. A difusão da Internet na década de 1990 permitiu a disponibilização do conhecimento e de informações e serviços úteis, contando-se entre eles os serviços públicos digitais. Entretanto, formuladores de políticas públicas, investigadores, organizações internacionais e grupos de intervenção social têm vindo a preocupar-se com a difusão desigual da informação e dos serviços propagados através da Internet, devido à existência de um "fosso digital" subjacente à forma como a população se posiciona perante a utilização das tecnologias de informação. Desta forma, a prestação de serviços públicos através de plataformas tecnológicas, como o "eGovernment", poderá apresentar-se como fator gerador de desigualdades sociais, promovendo o desenvolvimento de fenómenos marcantes de dualização da população. Este estudo tem por objetivo debater o papel desempenhado pela literacia digital da população na difusão de políticas públicas de "eGovernment" em Portugal. Dados empíricos, referentes às últimas três décadas, evidenciarão o reduzido papel que a literacia digital da população representou no desenho das políticas públicas de "eGovernment" em Portugal, fator que, no entanto, não constituiu um impedimento ao sucesso da sua difusão. A comprovada dualização na utilização dos serviços públicos digitais é demonstrativa da relevância do tema.
The coming of a novel Information Society in the second half of the twentieth century brought deepening structural changes to the fabrics of the modern society. Under the influence of information and communication technologies as an element of continuous evolution, arrived multiple transformations to the organization of production, to the organization of the State, to education and entertainment activities. The spread of the Internet in the nineties made available knowledge, information and useful services, including digital public services. However, a great deal of concern has been expressed by public policies designers, researchers, international organizations and social organization groups due to a digital divide underlying population stand towards information technologies. Due to the digital divide, public services rendering through technological measures, such as eGovernment, might present themselves as social inequalities generating factors, promoting the development among population of striking dualization phenomena. This investigation has the purpose of debating the role of the population digital literacy in the spreading of eGovernment public policies in Portugal. Empirical data concerning the last three decades will produce evidence of the small role represented by population digital literacy in eGovernment public policies design in Portugal. However, this has not represented an obstacle to the success of its spreading. The proven dualization in the use of digital public services demonstrates the relevance of the subject.

Tese de Doutoramento em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação
A computação em nuvem (CN) é um serviço no qual os consumidores têm à sua disposição recursos computacionais através da Internet, pagando apenas pelo que consomem. Além da racionalização dos custos nos investimentos em tecnologia da informação (TI), a CN pode vir a trazer outros benefícios como a promoção da inovação, aumento da eficiência das organizações e a melhoria dos processos de negócio. Entretanto, diversos estudos identificam uma série de desafios a serem observados na adoção desta tecnologia. A implantação desta solução envolve um processo de tomada de decisão, onde as vantagens e os riscos devem ser ponderados para que se possam alcançar os benefícios e as melhorias almejados. As organizações públicas governamentais estão sujeitas a uma série de restrições como a adequação a legislação local, proteção da confidencialidade dos dados dos cidadãos e adequação às características locais que transcendem as questões estritamente técnicas da tecnologia. Neste caso, os desafios tornamse mais complexos, pois além dos desafios inerentes à solução tecnológica, deve-se buscar uma compatibilização com as especificidades da área. Esta investigação está focada no desenvolvimento de um instrumento que permita auxiliar as organizações de administração pública municipal no processo de tomada de decisão da implantação da computação em nuvem. O instrumento proposto objetiva proporcionar a ampliação do leque de alternativas na implantação da computação em nuvem no ambiente de organizações de governo, preparando um cenário favorável para a implantação desta tecnologia a partir de um processo de análise que privilegia as considerações dos gestores envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisão. As proposições deste modelo foram desenvolvidas em uma investigação científica realizada na Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador, Estado da Bahia, Brasil, de onde foram obtidas as experiências que contribuiram para o aprimoramento deste instrumento. Nesta investigação, foi empregada uma abordagem qualitativa, de natureza construtivista social interpretativa desenvolvida a partir do método de pesquisa “Pesquisa Desenho Ação” (ADR - Action Design Research) ao promover a geração de conhecimento através da construção e avaliação dos artefatos de TI em um ambiente organizacional. A abordagem teórica “Pensamento Centrado nos Valores” (VFT - Value Focused Thinking ) foi empregada para obter uma descrição e interpretação do problema e a reflexão do investigador ao incluir a opinião dos participantes.
Cloud Computing (CC) is a service in which consumers have access to computing resources over the Internet in a pay-as-you-go model. In addition to analyzing costs in Information Technology (IT) investments, CC can offer other benefits such as promoting innovation, increased efficiency in organizations, and improved business processes. However, several studies identify a number of challenges to be observed in adopting this technology. The implementation of this solution involves a decision-making process where the advantages and risks must be weighed so that the desired benefits and improvements can be achieved. Public government organizations are subject to a series of restrictions such as the adequacy of local legislation, protection of the confidentiality of citizens' data and the adaptation of local characteristics that transcend the strictly technical issues of the technology itself. In this case, the challenges become more complex, because in addition to the challenges inherent to the technological solution, one must seek compatibility with the specificities of the area. This investigation focuses on developing a means that allows public organizations to help in the decisionmaking process of implementing cloud computing. The proposed tool provides the expansion of the range of alternatives in the deployment of cloud computing in the environment of municipal government organizations, preparing a favorable scenario for the implementation of this technology based on an analytical process that favors the considerations of the managers involved in the decision-making process. The theoretical proposals of this model were developed in a scientific research in the municipal government of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, where the results were obtained that contributed to the improvement of this tool. In this research, a qualitative, constructivist, interpretive social approach was developed based on the research method "Action Design Research" (ADR) in promoting the generation of knowledge through the construction and evaluation of IT artifacts in one organizational environment. The theoretical approach "Value-Focused Thinking" (VFT) was used to obtain a description and interpretation of the problem and the reflection of the researcher by including the opinion of the participants.

A presente dissertação procura identificar os debates, as propostas e as medidas que tratam da contratação pública por via eletrónica no âmbito da modernização administrativa e dos modelos de gestão pública, também presente nas metas formuladas no Memorando de Entendimento, traduzidas na afirmação da melhoria das práticas de contratação, de forma a privilegiar um ambiente mais transparente e competitivo e melhorar a eficiência da despesa pública. A reflexão é realizada no âmbito dos movimentos de reforma do Estado e da modernização da Administração Pública nas dimensões política, jurídica, informacional e de gestão. A necessidade das reformas na Administração Pública e da assimilação das respetivas características e estratégias de implementação é refletida na organização administrativa. Essas dimensões são tratadas nas inter-relações das esferas constitutivas da sociedade e explora-se a questão de saber se a contratação pública por via eletrónica obteve os impactos esperados, designadamente em termos da transparência, do e-Government e da accountability para melhorar a relação entre o Estado e a Sociedade.
This work seeks to identify debates, proposals and measures that deal with electronic public procurement in the context of administrative modernization and public management models, theme also present in the Memorandum of Understanding goals, translated on the affirmation of improved procurement practices, to ensure a more transparent and competitive business environment and improve the efficiency of public spending. Reflection is carried out under the modernization movement of the State and Public Administration alongside of changes in public administration in political, legal, informational and management dimensions. The need of reforms in public administration and the assimilation of the respective characteristics and implementation strategies is reflected in the administrative organization. Those dimensions are addressed as interrelationships of the constituent spheres of society and explores the question of whether the electronic public procurement obtained the expected impacts, particularly in terms of transparency, e-Government and accountability to improve the relationship between State and Society.