Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic device and system performance evaluation'
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1
Shamo, Marcia Kuskin, Ravit Dror, and Asaf Degani. "Evaluation of a New Cockpit Device: The Integrated Electronic Information System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 1 (October 1998): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804200131.
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In spite of the well-recognized need for complete, accurate, and timely information in the cockpit environment, no computerized information system has been successfully introduced to the commercial flight deck. We suggest that two factors — information integration and multiple search mechanisms — may be identified as necessary characteristics for a viable electronic information system for the cockpit. The use of an information system which incorporated information integration and multiple search mechanisms was examined during an evaluation of the system at a major US airline. During the controlled experiment segment of the evaluation, subjects performed two sets of similar information retrieval and performance calculation tasks using the system and using traditional paper manuals; response accuracy and task execution time served as the dependent variables. Results showed that for both information retrieval and performance calculations, task execution with the integrated information system was significantly faster and had fewer errors than did task execution using paper manuals. Possible reasons for improved performance are discussed.
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Vistorte Salgado, Alejandro A., Fidel E. Hernández Montero, and Gianna Arencibia Castellanos. "Electronic device for gait analysis." Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, no. 38 (October 31, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36995/j.recyt.2022.38.002.
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In order to automate the determination of gait parameters, a system capable of acquiring data from inertial units, exploiting their maximum sampling frequency, was developed. The study of gait is one of the fundamental indicators for the evaluation of physical performance. It allows the estimation of the functional deterioration of the elderly in an objective way, so several tests have been designed to evaluate it. The system developed has two fundamental elements: an electronic device and a desktop application. The electronic device has the function of collecting data from the MPU-9255 sensor using an ESP32 to set the sampling rate, transmitting the data via WiFi to the computer and monitoring the system’s battery. The desktop application allows the electronic device to be configured and controlled, as well as receiving, displaying and storing the data. As a result, a prototype capable of operating at a sampling frequency of 1 kHz was built. Tests carried out on the system demonstrate its reliability and allow the limits of sampling frequency and working distance to be set.
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Kjær, Martin, Huai Wang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Adequacy Evaluation of an Islanded Microgrid." Electronics 10, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192344.
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The reliability of power converters has been extensively examined in terms of component- and converter level. However, in case of multiple generation units, the evaluation of the performance of power systems requires system-level modeling. This paper aims to merge the prior art of reliability modeling of power converters with the adequacy evaluation of power systems through an extensive design and evaluation analysis of a microgrid based case study. The methodology proposed in the paper integrates the device-level analysis into the domain of the conventional power system reliability analysis while outlining the steps needed to deal with non-exponential distributed failures of power electronic-based generation units. A replacement policy of the power electronic-based units is adopted by means of evaluating the system risk of not supplying system loads, and, finally, an approach on how to ensure a desired replacement frequency is outlined.
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Drozda, Joseph P., James Roach, Thomas Forsyth, Paul Helmering, Benjamin Dummitt, and James E. Tcheng. "Constructing the informatics and information technology foundations of a medical device evaluation system: a report from the FDA unique device identifier demonstration." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx041.
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Abstract Objective The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized the need to improve the tracking of medical device safety and performance, with implementation of Unique Device Identifiers (UDIs) in electronic health information as a key strategy. The FDA funded a demonstration by Mercy Health wherein prototype UDIs were incorporated into its electronic information systems. This report describes the demonstration’s informatics architecture. Methods Prototype UDIs for coronary stents were created and implemented across a series of information systems, resulting in UDI-associated data flow from manufacture through point of use to long-term follow-up, with barcode scanning linking clinical data with UDI-associated device attributes. A reference database containing device attributes and the UDI Research and Surveillance Database (UDIR) containing the linked clinical and device information were created, enabling longitudinal assessment of device performance. The demonstration included many stakeholders: multiple Mercy departments, manufacturers, health system partners, the FDA, professional societies, the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, and information system vendors. Results The resulting system of systems is described in detail, including entities, functions, linkage between the UDIR and proprietary systems using UDIs as the index key, data flow, roles and responsibilities of actors, and the UDIR data model. Conclusion The demonstration provided proof of concept that UDIs can be incorporated into provider and enterprise electronic information systems and used as the index key to combine device and clinical data in a database useful for device evaluation. Keys to success and challenges to achieving this goal were identified. Fundamental informatics principles were central to accomplishing the system of systems model.
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Bedicks, Gunnar, Fujio Yamada, Francisco Sukys, Cristiano Akamine, Luis Tadeu Raunheitte, and Edson L. Horta. "Handheld Digital TV Performance Evaluation Method." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/243937.
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This paper presents a simplified method for signal level clearance evaluation in each place of signal reception up to threshold for a given portable TV receiver device. It describes briefly the structure of transmission system considering the “1Seg” structure of ISDB-T. The preliminary laboratory test was made before the field tests to verify the main features of handheld receiver.
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Mescheder, Ulrich, Michael Lootze, and Khaled Aljasem. "Evaluation and Optimization of a MOEMS Active Focusing Device." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020172.
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In this paper we present a detailed evaluation of a micro-opto-electromechanical system (MOEMS) for active focusing which is realized using an electrostatically deformed thin silicon membrane. The evaluation is done using finite element methods and experimental characterization of the device behavior. The devices are realized in silicon on insulator technology. The influence of internal stress especially resulting from the high compressive buried oxide (BOX) layer is evaluated. Additionally, the effect of stress gradients in the crystalline device layer and of high reflective coatings such as aluminum is discussed. The influence of variations of some important process steps on the device performance is quantified. Finally, practical properties such as focal length control, long-term stability, hysteresis and dynamical response are presented and evaluated. The evaluation proves that the proposed membrane focusing device is suitable for high performance imaging (wavefront errors between λ/5–λ/10) with a large aperture (5 mm).
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Wang, Yancong, Jian Wang, Xuyan Bao, Bingyan Yu, and Yuming Ge. "An Advanced System-Level Testing for Roadside Multimodal Sensing and Processing in IoV." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7975523.
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Currently, there are mature test methods for specific sensing devices or processing devices in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, when a system is combined with these different types of devices and algorithms for real scenarios, the existing device-level test results cannot reflect the comprehensive functional or performance requirements of the IoV applications at the system level. Therefore, novel application-oriented system-level evaluation indexes and test methods are needed. To this end, we extract the data processing functional entities into specific and quantifiable evaluation indexes by considering the IoV application functions and performance requirements. Then, we build a roadside sensing and processing test system in a real test zone to collect and process these evaluation indexes into accurate multidimensional ground-truth. According to the actual test results of multiple manufacturers’ solutions, our proposed test method is verified to effectively evaluate the performance of the system-level solutions in real IoV application scenarios. The unprecedented evaluation indexes, system-level test method, and the actual test results in this paper can provide an advanced reference for academics and industry.
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Park, Yu Jin, Seol Young Jung, Tae Yong Son, and Soon Ju Kang. "Self-Organizing IoT Device-Based Smart Diagnosing Assistance System for Activities of Daily Living." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030785.
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Activity of daily living (ADL) is a criterion for evaluating the performance ability of daily life by recognizing various activity events occurring in real life. However, most of the data necessary for ADL evaluation are collected only through observation and questionnaire by the patient or the patient’s caregiver. Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) device studies using various environmental sensors are being used for ADL collection and analysis. In this paper, we propose an IoT Device Platform for ADL capability measurement. Wearable devices and stationary devices recognize activity events in real environments and perform user identification through various sensors. The user’s ADL data are sent to the network hub for analysis. The proposed IoT platform devices support many sensor devices such as acceleration, flame, temperature, and humidity in order to recognize various activities in real life. In addition, in this paper, using the implemented platform, ADL measurement test was performed on hospital patients. Through this test, the accuracy and reliability of the platform are analyzed.
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Jung, Dong Eun, Chanuk Lee, Kwang Ho Lee, Minjae Shin, and Sung Lok Do. "Evaluation of Building Energy Performance with Optimal Control of Movable Shading Device Integrated with PV System." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071799.
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Among the envelope components (e.g., walls, roofs, floors, and windows, etc.) affecting the cooling and heating load of buildings, windows are the most thermally vulnerable. Shading devices can minimize the thermal load on windows due to solar radiation and decrease radiation effects. However, the load changes due to convection and conduction should be considered. Therefore, when a shading device is applied to a window, control logic for thermal blocking and heat retention is necessary to prevent the load changes. In addition, by combining the opposite features of photovoltaic (PV) that require solar radiation and the shading device to block solar radiation, energy-saving and production can be achieved simultaneously. Therefore, this study minimized the thermal effects of windows using a movable shading device integrated with PV and evaluated the PV power generation. This study evaluated the effects on window heat transfer by applying artificial intelligence techniques, which have recently attracted attention, to system operation. To achieve this, artificial neural network (ANN)-based control logic was developed, and the control performance of the system was assessed using simulations. In ANN control, the window heat transfer was 86.3% lower in a cooling period and 9.7% lower in a heating period compared with that of a shading device fixed at 45°. Furthermore, the PV system produced 3.0 to 3.1% more electric power under optimal control during the cooling period.
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Bogseth, Amanda, Jian Zhou, and Ian Papautsky. "Evaluation of Performance and Tunability of a Co-Flow Inertial Microfluidic Device." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030287.
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Microfluidics has gained a lot of attention for biological sample separation and purification methods over recent years. From many active and passive microfluidic techniques, inertial microfluidics offers a simple and efficient method to demonstrate various biological applications. One prevalent limitation of this method is its lack of tunability for different applications once the microfluidic devices are fabricated. In this work, we develop and characterize a co-flow inertial microfluidic device that is tunable in multiple ways for adaptation to different application requirements. In particular, flow rate, flow rate ratio and output resistance ratio are systematically evaluated for flexibility of the cutoff size of the device and modification of the separation performance post-fabrication. Typically, a mixture of single size particles is used to determine cutoff sizes for the outlets, yet this fails to provide accurate prediction for efficiency and purity for a more complex biological sample. Thus, we use particles with continuous size distribution (2–32 μm) for separation demonstration under conditions of various flow rates, flow rate ratios and resistance ratios. We also use A549 cancer cell line with continuous size distribution (12–27 μm) as an added demonstration. Our results indicate inertial microfluidic devices possess the tunability that offers multiple ways to improve device performance for adaptation to different applications even after the devices are prototyped.
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Nepomuceno, Ana Catarina, Tiago Paixão, Nélia Alberto, Paulo Sérgio de Brito André, Paulo Antunes, and M. Fátima Domingues. "Optical Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer Based Spirometer: Design and Performance Evaluation." Photonics 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080336.
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Spirometry enables the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this paper, we present an optical fiber-based device to evaluate the pulmonary capacity of individuals through spirometry. The proposed system consists of an optical fiber containing an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) micro-cavity attached to a 3D printed structure that converts the air flow into strain variations to the optical fiber, modulating the FPI spectral response. Besides providing the value of the flow, its direction is also determined, which enables a differentiation between inhale and exhale cycles of breathing. A simulation study was conducted to predict the system behavior with the air flow. The preliminary tests, performed with the FPI-based spirometer led to average values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) parameters of 4.40 L and 6.46 L, respectively, with an FEV1/FVC index (used as an airway function index) of 68.5%. An average value of 5.35 L/s was found for the peak expiratory flow (PEF). A comparison between the spirometry tests using the presented FPI system and a commercial electronic device showed that the proposed system is suitable to act as a reliable spirometer.
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Sabrina, Fariza, Nan Li, and Shaleeza Sohail. "A Blockchain Based Secure IoT System Using Device Identity Management." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 7535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197535.
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Sharing data securely and efficiently has been identified as an issue in IoT-based smart systems such as smart cities, smart agriculture, smart health, etc. A large number of IoT devices are used in these smart systems and they produce a large amount of data. IoT devices generally have limited storage and processing capabilities, and configuring any security techniques on these devices is a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel device identity management approach for blockchain-based IoT systems that provides data security in two ways. Firstly, a lightweight time-based identification protocol that uses hub identification for validating data. Secondly, data storage is augmented with an effective blockchain application for providing easy access and immutability for data sharing among multiple parties. Our initial prototype implementation shows that: our identity management approach can be implemented in large scale settings, our system can be effectively implemented in blockchain platforms, and our performance evaluation result shows that the prototype fulfills system requirements adequately.
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Kim, Sungwook. "A New Multicasting Device-to-Device Communication Control Scheme for Virtualized Cellular Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (February 13, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3540674.
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With the explosion in the number of wireless services, the unprecedented growth of mobile date traffic has brought a heavy burden on the traditional cellular networks. To meet the explosive traffic services, the potential of network virtualization and multicasting device-to-device (MD2D) technology have been proposed as a promising solution for next-generation networks. In this paper, we propose a novel MD2D control scheme for virtualized cellular networks, which enables device clustering for local MD2D services to obtain the finest system performance. By taking into consideration dynamic situations and competitive environments, we formulate our control algorithms as a game model with imperfect system information. Inspired by the incentive mechanism and evolutionary decision process, the proposed game approach can guide selfish mobile devices toward honest behaviors, and the MD2D services are provided based on the step-by-step interactive feedback process. Through numerical evaluation and simulation analysis, we not only quantify the outcome of our proposed scheme’s system throughput, bandwidth utilization, and MD2D service efficiency, but also provide the performance comparison with existing schemes. Finally, we provide further challenges and various opportunities in the research area of MD2D-enabled cellular network operations.
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Kamuri, Mohd Firdaus, Zurina Zainal Abidin, Lee Hao Jun, Mohd Hanif Yaacob, Mohd Nizar Bin Hamidon, Nurul Amziah Md Yunus, and Suryani Kamaruddin. "Performance Evaluation of Free-Space Fibre Optic Detection in a Lab-on-Chip for Microorganism." Journal of Sensors 2019 (March 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1026905.
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This paper describes the development of a lab-on-chip (LOC) device that can perform reliable online detection in continuous-flow systems for microorganisms. The objective of this work was to examine the performance of a fibre optic detection system integrated into a LOC device. The microfluidic system was fabricated using dry film resist (DFR), integrated with multimode fibre pigtails in the LOC. Subsequently, the performance of the fibre optic detection was evaluated by its absorbance spectra, detection limit, repeatability and reproducibility, and response time. The analysis was carried out using a constant flow rate for three different types of microorganisms which are Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the detection limit of 1.0×105 cells/mL for both A. hydrophila and E. coli, while a detection limit of 1.0×106 cells/mL for S. cerevisiae cells were measured. The results also revealed that the device showed good repeatability with standard deviations less than 0.2 for A. hydrophila and E. coli, while standard deviations for S. cerevisiae were larger than 1.0. The response times for A. hydrophila, E. coli, and S. cerevisiae were 104 s, 122 s, and 78 s, respectively, although significant errors were recorded for all three species for reproducibility experiment. It was found that the device showed generally good sensitivity, with the highest sensitivity towards S. cerevisiae. These findings suggest that an integrated LOC device, with embedded multimode fibre pigtails, can be a reliable instrument for microorganism detection.
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Holder, Eric, and Samuel R. Pecota. "Maritime Head-Up Display: A Preliminary Evaluation." Journal of Navigation 64, no. 4 (September 12, 2011): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463311000191.
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A major disadvantage of nearly every marine electronic navigation device introduced to date is the necessity for the navigator to turn his or her attention away from the view outside the bridge windows, even momentarily. Indeed, the uncomfortable feeling experienced by seasoned mariners that this ‘head down’ posture creates has led many to be initially reluctant to adopt some marine electronic devices (radar, ARPA, ECDIS, to name a few) that have proven their worth over time as useful, even vital navigational aids. Unfortunately, the use of such equipment has always required the marine navigator to leave behind the real world perspective view and enter an unnatural, two-dimensional plan view of the area surrounding the vessel. Mariners have accepted this type of view by necessity rather than by choice. That may be about to change. Advances in technology and a proven track record of performance benefits from Head-Up Display (or HUD) information in the aviation field have made it possible to consider if such a device would be useful in a maritime context. Accordingly, the authors of this paper conducted a preliminary evaluation to examine empirically what the effects of providing this same type of head-up information would be on marine navigation performance. A series of tests were conducted in the California Maritime Academy's advanced simulation facilities utilizing a full-mission simulator, a laptop-based HUD prototype, a projector, and student participants from an experimental undergraduate course entitled e-Navigation. The goals were to: 1) define the operational requirements and concept of operations for a maritime HUD system; 2) identify essential information, risks, and concerns; and 3) examine performance variations by conditions (environmental, vessel, crew) and tasks. The results indicate great potential for a maritime HUD system, especially for improving situational awareness in low visibility conditions, confined waters, and for vessels where information changes rapidly (i.e., high speed vessels). The results also suggest that there are some standard information requirements across situations that could be augmented with task and vessel specific information.
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Zhu, Guangyu, Jaehyun Han, Sangjin Lee, and Yongseok Son. "An Empirical Evaluation of NVM-Aware File Systems on Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161977.
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The emergence of non-volatile memories (NVM) brings new opportunities and challenges to data management system design. As an important part of the data management systems, several new file systems are developed to take advantage of the characteristics of NVM. However, these NVM-aware file systems are usually designed and evaluated based on simulations or emulations. In order to explore the performance and characteristics of these file systems on real hardware, in this article, we provide an empirical evaluation of NVM-aware file systems on the first commercially available byte-addressable NVM (i.e., the Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Module (DCPMM)). First, to compare the performance difference between traditional file systems and NVM-aware file systems, we evaluate the performance of Ext4, XFS, F2FS, Ext4-DAX, XFS-DAX, and NOVA file systems on DCPMMs. To compare DCPMMs with other secondary storage devices, we also conduct the same evaluations on Optane SSDs and NAND-flash SSDs. Second, we observe how remote NUMA node access and device mapper striping affect the performance of DCPMMs. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the database (i.e., MySQL) on DCPMMs with Ext4 and Ext4-DAX file systems. We summarize several observations from the evaluation results and performance analysis. We anticipate that these observations will provide implications for various memory and storage systems.
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García-Fernández, Miguel Á., and David A. Sánchez-Hernández. "Beamforming Evaluation of 5G User Equipment through Novel Key Performance Indicators." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111319.
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Several standards exist for testing the radiated “over the air” (OTA) performance of 5G User Equipment (UE) devices. All these standards are limited to a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) evaluation of the 5G device. With 5G networks and devices already deployed and in operation, it becomes necessary to develop realistic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and beamforming performance metrics for 5G UEs. Since the most important feature of 5G is beamforming, this paper reviews the main challenges to realistically evaluate 5G device performance and proposes several novel key performance indicators (KPIs). The results obtained by some measurements show that it is possible to derive figures of merit that address the complexity of beamforming and MIMO-based 5G performance of devices in a much better way compared with the existing SISO KPIs, and that academia should provide advanced future research on these more realistic KPIs for the industry to face the challenges ahead with a better analysis of the problem in hand.
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Xu, Zhuoming, Dongwang Yang, Xiong Yuan, Siheng Hua, Han You, Yubing Xing, Kai Hu, et al. "Objective evaluation of wearable thermoelectric generator: From platform building to performance verification." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087672.
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Wearable thermoelectric generators can harvest heat from the human body to power an intelligent electronic device, which plays an important role in wearable electronics. However, due to the complexity of human skin, there is still no unified standard for performance testing of wearable thermoelectric generators under wearable conditions. Herein, a test platform suitable for a wearable thermoelectric generator was designed and built by simulating the structure of the arm. Based on the biological body temperature regulation function, water flow and water temperature substitute blood flow and blood temperature, the silicone gel with some thickness simulates the skin layer of the human arm, thus achieving the goal of adjusting the thermal resistance of human skin. Meanwhile, the weight is used as the contact pressure to further ensure the reliability and accuracy of the test data. In addition, the environment regulatory system is set up to simulate the outdoor day. Actually, the maximum deviation of the performance of the thermoelectric generator worn on the test platform and human arm is ∼5.2%, indicating the accuracy of objective evaluation.
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Bashir Ahmed, Sulieman Eldoud. "Performance Evaluation of Optical Fiber Current Transformer based Over-current Protection." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v8i1.8.
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Optical Fiber Current transformers (OFCTs) are achieving increased acceptance and use in high voltage system due to their superior performance characteristics. It brings new feature to modern power system protection such as high accuracy, low weight, easy installation, and no-saturation. In this paper, a new OFCT is designed and implemented a long with a digital numeric system to protect electrical-feeder from over-current due to faults. Both the optical sensing head and electronic processing block are illustrated. A detailed experimental study to confirm the performances of the device is also reported. According to the measured values of ac rms current up to 2 kA, a calibration procedure was performed. The operational characteristics of the OFCT are investigated and three different scenarios based on Prototype were carried-out to evaluate the operation of the over-current protection using OFCT. The experiential results clearly illustrate the OFCT is capable to eliminate the distortion of the electrical signals caused by conventional (CT) and hence, greatly improving the reliability of the numerical protection system.
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Mainetti, Luca, Luigi Patrono, and Roberto Vergallo. "IDA-Pay: a secure and efficient micro-payment system based on Peer-to-Peer NFC technology for Android mobile devices." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 8, no. 4 (December 21, 2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v8i4.166.
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The evolution of modern mobile devices towards novel Radio Frequency (RF) capabilities, such as Near Field Communication, leads to a potential for delivering innovative mobile services, which is still partially unexplored. Mobile proximity payment systems are going to enhance the daily shopping experience, but the access to payment security resources of a mobile device (e.g. the “Secure Element”) by third party applications is still blocked by smartphone and Operating System manufacturers. In this paper, the IDA-Pay system is presented, an innovative and secure NFC micro-payment system based on Peer-to-Peer NFC operating mode for Android mobile phones. It allows to deliver mobile-to-POS micro-payment services, bypassing the need for special hardware. A validation scenario and a system evaluation are also reported to demonstrate the system effectiveness and performance.
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Huang, Q., and J. Jiang. "Radiation-Tolerance Assessment of a Redundant Wireless Device." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817003004.
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This paper presents a method to evaluate radiation-tolerance without physical tests for a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)-based monitoring device for high level radiation fields, such as those found in post-accident conditions in a nuclear power plant (NPP). This paper specifically describes the analysis of radiation environment in a severe accident, radiation damages in electronics, and the redundant solution used to prolong the life of the system, as well as the evaluation method for radiation protection and the analysis method of system reliability. As a case study, a wireless monitoring device with redundant and diversified channels is evaluated by using the developed method. The study results and system assessment data show that, under the given radiation condition, performance of the redundant device is more reliable and more robust than those non-redundant devices. The developed redundant wireless monitoring device is therefore able to apply in those conditions (up to 10 M Rad (Si)) during a severe accident in a NPP.
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Hassan, Syed Rizwan, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Seada Hussen, and Habib Hamam. "Design of Resource-Aware Load Allocation for Heterogeneous Fog Computing Environments." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (June 7, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3543640.
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The architecture employed by most of the researchers for the deployment of latency-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) applications is fog computing. Fog computing architecture offers less delay as compared to the cloud computing paradigm by providing resource constraint fog devices close to the edge of the network. Fog nodes process the incoming data by utilizing available resources which reduces the volume of data to be sent to the cloud server. Fog devices having dissimilar processing capabilities are present in a system. The connection of suitable sensor nodes to the parent fog node plays an essential role in achieving the optimum performance of the system. In this paper, we have designed an algorithm that dynamically assigns appropriate sensor devices to fog nodes to achieve a reduction in network utilization and latency. The proposed algorithm estimates the volume of information detected by an edge device from the rate of sensing frequency of the sensor attached to the edge device. The proposed policy while connecting the network nodes takes into account the heterogeneity and processing capability of the devices. Several evaluations are performed on multiple scales for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. The outcomes of the evaluations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in achieving a reduction in network consumption and end-to-end delay.
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Lee, Jae Keun, Seung Ju Han, Kangil Kim, Yoon Hyuk Kim, and Sangmin Lee. "Wireless Epidermal Six-Axis Inertial Measurement Units for Real-Time Joint Angle Estimation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072240.
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Technological advances in wireless communications, miniaturized sensors, and low-power electronics have made it possible to implement integrated wireless body area networks (WBANs). These developments enable the applications of wireless wearable systems for diagnosis, health monitoring, rehabilitation, and dependency care. Across the current range of commercial wearable devices, the products are not firmly fixed to the human body. To minimize data error caused by movement of the human body and to achieve accurate measurements, it is essential to bring the wearable device close to the skin. This paper presents the implementation of a patch-type, six-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) with wireless communication technology. The device comprises hard-electronic components on a stretchable elastic substrate for application in epidermal electronics, to collect precise data from the human body. Instead of the commonly used cleanroom processes of implementing devices on a stretchable substrate, a simple and inexpensive “cut-solder-paste” method is adopted to fabricate complex, convoluted interconnections. Thus, the signal distortions in the proposed device can be minimized during various physical activities and skin deformations when used in gait analysis. The inertial sensor data measured from the motion of the body can be sent in real-time via Bluetooth to any processing unit enabled with such a widespread standard wireless interface. For performance evaluation, the implemented device is mounted on a rotation plate in order to compare performance with the conventional product. In addition, an experiment on joint angle estimation is performed by attaching the device to an actual human body. The preliminary results of the device indicate the potential to monitor people in remote settings for applications in mobile health, human-computer interfaces (HCIs), and wearable robots.
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Hübner, Patrick, Kate Clintworth, Qingyi Liu, Martin Weinmann, and Sven Wursthorn. "Evaluation of HoloLens Tracking and Depth Sensing for Indoor Mapping Applications." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041021.
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The Microsoft HoloLens is a head-worn mobile augmented reality device that is capable of mapping its direct environment in real-time as triangle meshes and localize itself within these three-dimensional meshes simultaneously. The device is equipped with a variety of sensors including four tracking cameras and a time-of-flight (ToF) range camera. Sensor images and their poses estimated by the built-in tracking system can be accessed by the user. This makes the HoloLens potentially interesting as an indoor mapping device. In this paper, we introduce the different sensors of the device and evaluate the complete system in respect of the task of mapping indoor environments. The overall quality of such a system depends mainly on the quality of the depth sensor together with its associated pose derived from the tracking system. For this purpose, we first evaluate the performance of the HoloLens depth sensor and its tracking system separately. Finally, we evaluate the overall system regarding its capability for mapping multi-room environments.
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Bucolo, Maide, Arturo Buscarino, Luigi Fortuna, Carlo Famoso, Mattia Frasca, Antonino Cucuccio, Gaetano Rasconà, and Giovanni Vinci. "A Comparative Analysis of Computer-Aided Design Tools for Complex Power Electronics Systems." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 7729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227729.
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Companies working on semiconductors must currently assure the customers of not only the performance of the semiconductor device per se, but also its performance when it is implemented in a real board, therefore including the role of parasitic effects. It is therefore very important to evaluate, especially during the design phase, not only the single device, but the complete board and their mutual interactions. This consideration opens a new area of investigation in the field of electronic systems engineering. In the current literature, the problem of a software evaluation of parasitic dynamics and electromagnetic effects on printed boards is addressed from the point of view of researchers. Moreover, it is fundamental to have a complete view of the various tools that could be usefully adopted from the perspective of manufacturers. This is the main motivation of this technical note, which performs a comparative analysis of the most prominent software tools for printed circuit boards’ (PCBs) simulation. The main features, the key aspects, and the limitations of the software packages are analyzed in terms of the industrial design of power electronics devices, in order to ensure efficiency and fastness in the semiconductor market.
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Kim, Jaehoon. "A Study on the Improvement of the Durability of an Energy Harvesting Device with a Mechanical Stopper and a Performance Evaluation for Its Application in Trains." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090785.
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Durability is one of the critical issues concerning energy harvesting devices. Even with the energy harvesting device’s excellent performance design, the moving components, such as the spring, get damaged during operation. In this study, an energy harvesting device was designed for durability improvement. The mechanical stopper of the energy harvesting device was selected as a new design component to prevent spring damage. An experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out on the amount of energy harvesting power possible using a mechanical stopper to improve the durability of the energy harvesting device. A performance evaluation of the energy harvesting device using the mechanical stopper was conducted under laboratory and driving conditions of a high-speed train traveling at 300 km/h. The measurement of the generated power gives the target value for the minimum performance of the newly designed energy harvesting device used as the power source of the wireless sensor node for high-speed trains.
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Ogino, Mikito, and Yasue Mitsukura. "Portable Drowsiness Detection through Use of a Prefrontal Single-Channel Electroencephalogram." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 4477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124477.
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Drowsiness detection has been studied in the context of evaluating products, assessing driver alertness, and managing office environments. Drowsiness level can be readily detected through measurement of human brain activity. The electroencephalogram (EEG), a device whose application relies on adhering electrodes to the scalp, is the primary method used to monitor brain activity. The many electrodes and wires required to perform an EEG place considerable constraints on the movement of users, and the cost of the device limits its availability. For these reasons, conventional EEG devices are not used in practical studies and businesses. Many potential practical applications could benefit from the development of a wire-free, low-priced device; however, it remains to be elucidated whether portable EEG devices can be used to estimate human drowsiness levels and applied within practical research settings and businesses. In this study, we outline the development of a drowsiness detection system that makes use of a low-priced, prefrontal single-channel EEG device and evaluate its performance in an offline analysis and a practical experiment. Firstly, for the development of the system, we compared three feature extraction methods: power spectral density (PSD), autoregressive (AR) modeling, and multiscale entropy (MSE) for detecting characteristics of an EEG. In order to efficiently select a meaningful PSD, we utilized step-wise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA). Time-averaging and robust-scaling were used to fit the data for pattern recognition. Pattern recognition was performed by a support vector machine (SVM) with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The optimal hyperparameters for the SVM were selected by the grind search method so as to increase drowsiness detection accuracy. To evaluate the performance of the detections, we calculated classification accuracy using the SVM through 10-fold cross-validation. Our model achieved a classification accuracy of 72.7% using the PSD with SWLDA and the SVM. Secondly, we conducted a practical study using the system and evaluated its performance in a practical situation. There was a significant difference (* p < 0.05) between the drowsiness-evoked task and concentration-needed task. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of our low-priced portable drowsiness detection system in quantifying drowsy states. We anticipate that our system will be useful to practical studies with aims as diverse as measurement of classroom mental engagement, evaluation of movies, and office environment evaluation.
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Chikaraishi, Ryo, and Mingcong Deng. "Operator-Based Nonlinear Control of Calorimetric System Actuated by Peltier Device." Machines 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9080174.
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Recently, the development of SiC and GaN high-performance semiconductor devices has led to higher efficiency in power conversion equipment. In order to perform thermal design of power conversion equipment and evaluation of the equipment, it is necessary to measure the power loss of the equipment with high accuracy. In a previous study, a system to measure the power loss from the amount of heat emitted from power conversion devices using a Peltier device was proposed. In this study, aiming to improve the measurement accuracy, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of a Peltier device, which was treated as a constant value in the previous study, was considered. The control system considering the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity was designed based on operator theory, which is a nonlinear control theory. The simulation and experimental results show that the measurement accuracy was improved when the power loss was 10 W and 15 W compared to the case without considering the temperature dependence. In addition, the measurement time was reduced by about 100 s by considering the temperature dependence. The effectiveness of the proposed system was shown when the power loss was 10 W and 15 W.
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Mairittha, Nattaya, Tittaya Mairittha, and Sozo Inoue. "On-Device Deep Learning Inference for Efficient Activity Data Collection." Sensors 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153434.
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Labeling activity data is a central part of the design and evaluation of human activity recognition systems. The performance of the systems greatly depends on the quantity and “quality” of annotations; therefore, it is inevitable to rely on users and to keep them motivated to provide activity labels. While mobile and embedded devices are increasingly using deep learning models to infer user context, we propose to exploit on-device deep learning inference using a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based method to alleviate the labeling effort and ground truth data collection in activity recognition systems using smartphone sensors. The novel idea behind this is that estimated activities are used as feedback for motivating users to collect accurate activity labels. To enable us to perform evaluations, we conduct the experiments with two conditional methods. We compare the proposed method showing estimated activities using on-device deep learning inference with the traditional method showing sentences without estimated activities through smartphone notifications. By evaluating with the dataset gathered, the results show our proposed method has improvements in both data quality (i.e., the performance of a classification model) and data quantity (i.e., the number of data collected) that reflect our method could improve activity data collection, which can enhance human activity recognition systems. We discuss the results, limitations, challenges, and implications for on-device deep learning inference that support activity data collection. Also, we publish the preliminary dataset collected to the research community for activity recognition.
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Utami, Pipit, Abdul Aziz Sidiq Tri Putra, Djoko Santoso, Nuryake Fajaryati, Bonita Destiana, and Mohd Erfy Ismail. "VIDEO MOVING SURVEILLANCE YANG TERINTEGRASI YOUTUBE MENGGUNAKAN RASPBERRY PI 3." Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 3, no. 1 (August 14, 2018): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v3i1.20797.
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Static CCTV facilities in class need to be optimized in classroom learning, especially in recording learning activities as implementation of learning in the 21st century and strategic steps to face the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Educators need to play a role in utilizing CCTV in learning. This article presents the development of YouTube Integrated Video Moving Surveillance devices using Raspberry Pi 3. The development stages consist of analysis, design, development and evaluation. The analysis shows that: (1) the limitations of CCTV motion are followed up with the addition of motorcycles; (2) limited access to video recording data is followed up by sending in real time using YouTube; and (3) controlling the system performance of the device using Raspberry Pi 3 model B. The evaluation results show that all electronic measurement parameters are in accordance with the success target and the functional test shows that the device can function to record classroom learning activities that can be monitored in real time via YouTube with good quality (average delay is 22,89s). The results of the development of this device are expected to be an alternative use of technology in learning, especially in the supervision and assessment of student learning activities.
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Silva, Francisco S. S., Andson M. Balieiro, Francisco F. de Mendoça, Kelvin L. Dias, and Paulo Guarda. "A Conformance Testing Methodology and System for Cognitive Radios." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869104.
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The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks has started its operation in some countries and is aimed at meeting demands beyond the current system capabilities such as the huge amount of connected devices from IoT applications (e.g., smart cities), explosive growth of high-speed mobile data traffic (e.g., ultrahigh definition video streaming), and ultrareliable and low latency communication (e.g., autonomous vehicle). To attend to these needs, the electromagnetic spectrum must be made available, but the static spectrum allocation policy has caused a spectrum shortage and impaired the employment/expansion of the wireless systems. To overcome this issue, the dynamic spectrum access (DSA) has been promoted in 5G/6G networks, which is enabled by the cognitive radio (CR) technology. Although diverse mechanisms have been developed to tackle the challenges that emerge in different CR layers/functionalities, a standardized testing methodology and system for CR is still immature. Existing standards or methodologies and systems for CR only focus on the definition of network technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.22 and IEEE 802.11af), performance evaluation of CR algorithms/mechanisms, or definition of the device cognition level via performance results or psychometric approaches, not covering systems/methodologies to verify if the device meets the CR capabilities and regulatory policies, neglecting the conformance testing. In this respect, this paper proposes a flexible methodology and system for CR conformance testing under two perspectives, functionalities and limits. We instantiate it by using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) software-defined radio platform and present a proof-of-concept with a conformance metric. The results show the feasibility of our proposal.
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Chen, Zehua, Ulrich Gengenbach, Xinnan Liu, Alexander Scholz, Lukas Zimmermann, Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann, and Liane Koker. "An Automated Room Temperature Flip-Chip Mounting Process for Hybrid Printed Electronics." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040583.
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Printing technology and mounting technology enable the novel field of hybrid printed electronics. To establish a hybrid printed system, one challenge is that the applied mounting process meets the requirements of functional inks and substrates. One of the most common requirements is low process temperature. Many functional inks and substrates cannot withstand the high temperatures required by traditional mounting processes. In this work, a standardized interconnection and an automated bump-less flip-chip mounting process using a room temperature curing conductive adhesive are realised. With the proposed process, the conductive adhesive selected for the standardized interconnection can be dispensed uniformly, despite its increase of viscosity already during pot time. Electrical and mechanical performance of the interconnection are characterized by four terminal resistance measurement and shear test. The herein proposed automated process allows for fabrication of hybrid printed devices in larger batch sizes than manual assembly processes used beforehand and thus, more comprehensive evaluation of device parameters. This is successfully demonstrated in a first application, a novel hybrid printed security device. The room temperature mounting process eliminates any potentially damaging thermal influence on the performance of the printed circuits that might result from other assembly techniques like soldering.
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Lee, Je-Hyeon, Dong-Gyu Kim, Seok-Kwon Jeong, and Young-hak Song. "Analysis of Heat Source System Degradation Due to Aging and Evaluation of Its Effect on Energy Consumption." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 9217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239217.
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The performance of air conditioning systems deteriorate due to the natural aging and wear caused by operating the devices. This is termed “aging degradation,” and it results from a lack of appropriate maintenance which accelerates the degree of performance degradation. The performance degradation of an air conditioning system can cause problems such as increased energy consumption, deteriorated indoor heating environment, and shortened lifespan of air conditioning equipment. To prevent such problems, it is important to establish a long-term maintenance plan to recover degraded performance, such as predicting an appropriate maintenance time by identifying the real-time performance degradation rate based on a system’s operation data. In this study, the performance degradation rate, according to the operating time, was estimated using long-term operation data for devices constituting a heat source system, and the effect of performance degradation of the heat source system’s operation and energy consumption was reviewed using a simulation. The performance degradation rate of the target device was estimated by analyzing the variation trend of the calibration coefficient, which was calculated when the initial performance prediction model was calibrated through operating data. Using this approach, it was confirmed that the annual performance degradation rate was 1.0–1.4% for the heat source equipment, 0.4–1.2% for the cooling towers, and 0.8–1.3% for the pumps. In addition, a heat source system energy simulation calculated the 15-year performance degradation of the heat source equipment to be 34–52% and 7–19% for both the cooling towers and pumps. Due to the equipment performance deterioration, the number of operating heat source equipment and cooling tower fans, and the pump flow rate gradually increased every year, thus accelerating the performance deterioration even further. As a result, energy consumption in the 15th year increased by approximately 41% compared with the initial energy consumption.
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Amira, Abbes, Mazen A. R. Saghir, Naeem Ramzan, Christos Grecos, and Florian Scherb. "A Reconfigurable Wireless Environment for ECG Monitoring and Encryption." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2013070104.
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Connected health is the convergence of medical devices, security devices, and communication technologies. It enables patients to be monitored and treated remotely from their home or primary care facility rather than attend outpatient clinics or be admitted to hospital. Patients’ data and medical records within a connected health system should be securely transmitted and saved for further analysis and diagnosis. This paper presents a reconfigurable wireless system for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring which can be deployed in a connected health environment. Efficient field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation for the ECG encryption block has been carried out on the RC10 prototyping board using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. Results presented have shown that the proposed AES implementation outperforms the existing FPGA-based systems in different key performance metrics and that ECG signals acquired using the VitalSens device can be encrypted/decrypted in real-time. A software based evaluation approach has been also performed to validate the proposed hardware implementation. The proposed solution can be deployed for electronic archiving of health records information systems and health monitoring technologies in personalized medicine.
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Catelani, Marcantonio, Lorenzo Ciani, Giorgio Graditi, and Giovanna Adinolfi. "Measurement and Comparison of Reliability Performance of Photovoltaic Power Optimizers for Energy Production." Metrology and Measurement Systems 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2015-0012.
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Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) power optimizers are introduced in PV systems to improve their energetic productivity in presence of mismatching phenomena and not uniform operating conditions. Commercially available converters are characterized by different DC-DC topologies. A promising one is the boost topology with its different versions. It is characterized by its circuital simplicity, few devices and high efficiency values - necessary features for a Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) converter. PV power optimizer designs represent a challenging task since they operate in continuously changing operating conditions which strongly influence electronic component properties and thus the performance of complete converters. An aspect to carefully analyze in such applications is the thermal factor. In this paper, a necessity to have a suitable temperature monitoring system to avoid dangerous conditions is underlined In addition, another important requirement for a PV power optimizer is its reliability, since it can suggest a useful information on its diagnostic aspects, maintenance and investments. In fact, a reliable device requires less maintenance services, also improving the economic aspect. The evaluation of the electronic system reliability can be carried out using different reliability prediction models. In this paper, reliability indices, such as the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) or the Failure Rate of a Diode Rectification (DR) boost, are calculated using the evaluation of the Military Handbook 217F and Siemens SN29500 prediction models. With the reliability prediction results it has been possible to identify the most critical components of a DMPPT converter and a measurement setup has been developed in order to monitor the component stress level on the temperature, power, voltage, current, and energy in the DMPPT design phase avoiding the occurrence of a failure that might decrease the service life of the equipment.
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Camarchia, Vittorio, Rocco Giofrè, Iacopo Magrini, Luca Piazzon, Alessandro Cidronali, Paolo Colantonio, Simona Donati Guerrieri, et al. "Concurrent dual-band SiGe HBT power amplifier for Wireless applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 2 (March 10, 2009): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078709000087.
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This paper presents an investigation of a concurrent low-cost dual-band power amplifier (PA) fabricated in SiGe technology, able to simultaneously operate at two frequencies of 2.45 and 3.5-GHz, including an evaluation of its system level performance potentiality. Taking into account the technology novelty and the lack of device characterization and modeling, a hybrid (MIC) approach has been adopted both for a fast prototyping of the PA and for the evaluation of the device potentiality based on an extensive linear and nonlinear characterization. The comparison of PA performance in single-band or concurrent mode operation will be presented. In particular, the measured PA prototype shows an output power of 17.2 and 17-dBm at a 1-dB compression point, at 2.45 and 3.5-GHz, respectively, for CW single-mode operation, with a power added efficiency around 20%. System-level analysis predicts that, when the PA is operated under the 20-MHz Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) concurrent signals, the maximum output power levels to maintain the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) within 5% are 11 and 3.5-dBm at 2.45 and 3.5-GHz, respectively. Moreover, new concepts and possible new system architectures for the development of the next generation of the multi-band transceiver front-end will be provided with an extensive system-level evaluation of the amplifier.
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Mao, Jian Zhou, Yan Hui Wang, Nan Si, and Hui Cheng Xia. "Research on EMC Evaluation of Shipborne Electronic Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1998–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1998.
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The paper addresses the central issues of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) evaluation of shipborne electronic equipment. The mutual disturbance between equipments would show important influence on the capability of the devices, slight interferer may degrade the performance, severe interferer would make the equipment out of work even cause false action of weapon system, therefore, how to quantitatively describe the EMC state of equipment and harmonize the EMC assessments correctly is the key consideration of the warship’s commander and the combat system designer. Take the advantage of norm theory this paper proposed a method to evaluate the EMC state of the shipborne electronic equipment quantitatively, which would meet the requirements both warship’s EMC design and commander’s campaign operation.
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La Mura, Monica, Patrizia Lamberti, and Vincenzo Tucci. "Numerical Evaluation of the Effect of Geometric Tolerances on the High-Frequency Performance of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113121.
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The interest in graphene-based electronics is due to graphene’s great carrier mobility, atomic thickness, resistance to radiation, and tolerance to extreme temperatures. These characteristics enable the development of extremely miniaturized high-performing electronic devices for next-generation radiofrequency (RF) communication systems. The main building block of graphene-based electronics is the graphene-field effect transistor (GFET). An important issue hindering the diffusion of GFET-based circuits on a commercial level is the repeatability of the fabrication process, which affects the uncertainty of both the device geometry and the graphene quality. Concerning the GFET geometrical parameters, it is well known that the channel length is the main factor that determines the high-frequency limitations of a field-effect transistor, and is therefore the parameter that should be better controlled during the fabrication. Nevertheless, other parameters are affected by a fabrication-related tolerance; to understand to which extent an increase of the accuracy of the GFET layout patterning process steps can improve the performance uniformity, their impact on the GFET performance variability should be considered and compared to that of the channel length. In this work, we assess the impact of the fabrication-related tolerances of GFET-base amplifier geometrical parameters on the RF performance, in terms of the amplifier transit frequency and maximum oscillation frequency, by using a design-of-experiments approach.
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Miyoshi, Takumi, Yusuke Shimomura, and Olivier Fourmaux. "A P2P-based Communication Framework for Geo-Location Oriented Networks." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.131119.
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This paper proposes a novel peer-to-peer communication framework to implement geographical location oriented networks, called G-LocON. Location-based services have been gaining in popularity, as proven by ridesharing and mobile games. Although these services have to construct geolocation oriented networks based on their users’ geographical locations, they completely rely on client/server models to communicate with neighboring terminals. G-LocON provides geolocation oriented device-to-device communication only with the current wireless technologies, such as LTE and Wi-Fi, cooperating with the global positioning system and peer-to-peer overlay networking. G-LocON will serve as a type of a mobile ad-hoc network in which devices located within the focusing area are capable of communicating directly. We developed a primitive Android application to implement the GLocON framework. Evaluation of the solution’s performance has verified the usefulness of the proposed system that offers an admissive transmission delay. Moreover, to confirm the application-related potential of the G-LocON framework, we also show a practical map software in which all neighboring mobile devices present in the focusing area are displayed.
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Rodriguez, Jose A., Tsz Tsoi, David Graves, and Stephen B. Bayne. "Evaluation of GaN HEMTs in H3TRB Reliability Testing." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101532.
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Gallium Nitride (GaN) power devices can offer better switching performance and higher efficiency than Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Silicon (Si) devices in power electronics applications. GaN has extensively been incorporated in electric vehicle charging stations and power supplies, subjected to harsh environmental conditions. Many reliability studies evaluate GaN power devices through thermal stresses during current conduction or pulsing, with a few focusing on high blocking voltage and high humidity. This paper compares GaN-on-Si High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (HEMT) device characteristics under a High Humidity, High Temperature, Reverse Bias (H3TRB) Test. Twenty-one devices from three manufacturers were subjected to 85 °C and 85% relative humidity while blocking 80% of their voltage rating. Devices from two manufacturers utilize a cascade configuration with a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), while the devices from the third manufacturer are lateral p-GaN HEMTs. Through characterization, three sample devices have exhibited degraded blocking voltage capability. The results of the H3TRB test and potential causes of the failure mode are discussed.
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Han, Xiaoyan, Donghui Luo, Xin Zhang, Yongxing Cao, Yu Zhang, and Gege Ban. "Study on Evaluation Method of Impulse Dispersion Performance of Grounding Device Using X-ray Imagining System." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 5124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165124.
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When the lightning current enters the ground through the grounding system, the impulse dispersion performance can be observed by the phenomenon of soil spark discharge, which is fundamentally determined by the nearby soil. At present, engineers use an empirical formula to convert the soil spark discharge to the impulse coefficient of impulse grounding resistance. Therefore, there is no available quantitative analysis method to evaluate soil impulse dispersion performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an evaluation method for the impulse discharge efficiency of soil by using X-ray images, define VI as the parameter, which is the ratio of the volume of the discharge area to the peak current. Then, the rationality and validity of the method are verified. Finally, the variation rules of impulse discharge efficiency are analyzed in different soils. Results show that the VI can reflect the change rules of impulse dispersion performance more clearly under different soil conditions, and this parameter provides a new idea for enhancing the impulse dispersion performance of soil near the grounding electrode.
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Yanagisawa, Arata, and Genya Ishigami. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Planar Travel Distance Sensors for Mobile Robots in Sandy Terrain." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0887.
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A planar travel distance sensor (two-dimensional sensor) was developed for a mobile robot in sandy terrain. The sensor system uses an optical flow device integrated into a small module with a simple configuration. The system achieves a high sampling rate on the order of milliseconds as well as precise measurement on a sub-millimeter order. Its performance was evaluated experimentally for measurement accuracy and repeatability, velocity response, robustness at varied heights with respect to terrain, and terrain surface characteristics. The experimental results confirm that the two-dimensional sensor system is accurate, having an error of distance traveled of less than a few percent, and that it possesses a wide dynamic range for the robot’s traveling velocity. This paper also discusses the applicability of the two-dimensional sensor for practical scenarios on the basis of the experimental findings.
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Sarvar, Farhad, David C. Whalley, and Ming K. Low. "IGBT Package Design for High Power Aircraft Electronic Systems." Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, no. 4 (September 3, 2001): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1390341.
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This paper will discuss the design of semiconductor packages having integrated air cooled heatsinks for use in high power electronic systems. It will demonstrate how simple models of the heat transfer from the heatsink fins, which are based on empirical correlations, may be utilized in combination with either simple analytical models or two-dimensional finite difference (FD) models of the heat conduction from the semiconductor die through the multilayer package structure to the base of the fins. These models allow the rapid evaluation of performance under both steady-state and transient overload conditions, and can be used to rapidly explore a wide range of design options before selecting candidate layouts for more detailed evaluation using 3D analysis tools. Wind tunnel experiments, which will also be reported, have been carried out to verify the modeling results for different semiconductor device layouts. These trials demonstrate excellent agreement between the models and experimental results.
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Wadhwa, Anmol, Sushama Talegaonkar, and Harvinder Popli. "A Regulatory Overview of Hip And Knee Joint Replacement Devices." Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 212–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213476x06666190823142403.
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Objective: Medical device acceptance of patients has grown considerably in recent years. This has question the effectiveness of the current regulatory frameworks to ensure the performance, safety, and quality of new devices. This article focuses on the methodical overview on hip and knee joint replacement medical devices evaluating the procedure and proper analysis of medical device regulation in three jurisdictions i.e. the United States of America (USA), EUROPE and INDIA, exploring reforms been laid to stabilize and meet the requirements of existing systems, and further analyse the additional actions which should be employed to fully meet this ultimate goal. Method: We analysed the hip and knee joint replacement medical device regulation system through a secondary research in United States, Europe and India in compliance with the updated national regulatory authority’s legislative documents and requirements. Result: These three regulatory systems vary in their working, organization, acceptance for their specific pre- and post-market evidence requirements, and transparency of process. The most challenging factor remains the same for the countries which are to make sure safety and effectiveness of devices, proper monitoring of its use and important compliance information readiness employing quality management system towards new findings and acceptance for the users. A case study of Johnson & Johnson ASR Implant was also studied, highlighting the major reforms required and the reforms introduced in the United States, Europe and India. Thus, quality and safety reforms are made to strengthen the premarket compliance requirements, enhancing the need of post-market regulation through proper traceability and monitoring of devices by employing the functioning medical device registry. Conclusion: Recent reforms address the major challenges in device regulation, highlighting the need to create connecting points between the device identifier system and existing data collection tools, such as electronic health records, and maintaining effective and up to date use of registries to ensure post-market use of new and existing devices.
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Garey, Wesley D., Yishen Sun, and Richard A. Rouil. "Performance Evaluation of Proximity Services and Wi-Fi for Public Safety Mission Critical Voice Application." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (May 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8198767.
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Proximity Services (ProSe) and Wi-Fi are two promising technologies that may provide support for Mission Critical Voice (MCV) applications in remote and rural areas by enabling Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. In this paper, several performance metrics of ProSe and Wi-Fi are evaluated and compared side-by-side under various configurations. The ns-3 simulation results show that ProSe outperforms Wi-Fi in terms of coverage range and access time with a medium traffic load, while Wi-Fi has a shorter access time under a light traffic load. In addition, with various user densities, ProSe offers better coverage range and access time a majority of the time. The evaluation in this paper provides insights to first responders on what to expect with either technology and how to improve the performance by adjusting different system parameters.
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Guo, Jue, and Chong Zhang. "Utilization of Window System as Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Device and Its Energy Performance Evaluation: A Comparative Study." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093116.
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The exhaust air glass unit (EAGU) can be treated as an integration of multilayer glazing unit and heat recovery device to utilize the exhaust air from conditioned space with a fresh air ventilation system to improve the thermal performance of window system. However, compared with the conventionally used mechanical ventilation with a heat recovery (MVHR) system, whether the use of EAGU is energy-efficient or not has not been estimated. In this paper, a numerical model, validated by experimental measurement, was used to calculate the hourly cooling and heating loads and annual energy demand of EAGU. This study compared the annual energy performance of EAGU and MVHR under various conditions, and further discusses the applicability of EAGU for different climates. The results indicate that the energy saving potential of EAGU ranges from 26.8% to 38.2% for different climate conditions. In the cooling season, the energy saving potential of EAGU performed much better than that of the commonly used MVHR. However, the EAGU was inferior to the MVHR in the heating season. Moreover, the EAGU is more suitable for application in warm climates, rather than cold climates. This study can provide some application guidelines about the selection of exhaust air heat recovery devices for maximizing the energy saving potential.
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Szolga, Lorant Andras, Denisa Alice Bozga, and Camelia Florea. "End-User Skin Analysis (Moles) through Image Acquisition and Processing System." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031123.
Full textAbstract:
Skin moles and lesions can be the first signs of severe skin diseases such as cancer. This paper presents the development of an end-user device capable of capturing images, segmentation and diagnosis of moles by using the ABCD rule, which stands for analyzing moles’ parameters as: asymmetry, border, color, and diameter. These are the main mole characteristics that doctors look at, each of them having a different factor of importance, and depending on these an accurate diagnosis can be given. For the hardware, we developed a small and compact device that can be manipulated easily by anyone without knowledge of medicine, in which we considered a custom-designed 3D enclosure with two white LEDs to control the light. The device has the role of facilitating analysis of the suspicious moles regularly at home, even if only from an indicative and not from a medical point of view. The developed PC software permits the storage of the images in a local database for easy tracking and analysis in time. The image processing developed for the ABCD rule is incorporated into the PC software and tested extensively on the international PH2 database with skin melanoma images to validate our segmentation and criteria evaluation. Using the developed device, we captured mole images for patients, who also took a medical examination by a specialist using the standard dermatoscope. Therefore, we obtained our own database containing 26 images for which we have also the specialists’ diagnosis. The performance evaluation measures obtained using our device are—Accuracy: 0.92, Precision: 1.0, Recall: 0.92, F1-score: 0.96.
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Mingotti, Alessandro, Federica Costa, Lorenzo Peretto, and Roberto Tinarelli. "Characterization Procedure for Stand-Alone Merging Units Based on Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2021): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071993.
Full textAbstract:
The digitalization of a medium voltage network requires huge efforts from distributed system operators and electric utilities. The main reason is attributed to the costs associated with the replacement or introduction of new intelligent electronic devices capable of collecting and digitalizing current and voltage measurements. To this purpose, this paper introduces a new idea of a stand-alone merging unit (SAMU), which features real-time and hardware-in-the-loop technology, completed with accurate voltage and current sensors. Furthermore, the characterization procedure that allows an evaluation of the metrological performance of a complex device, such as a SAMU, is fully described. From the results, it is highlighted that (i) the developed SAMU is capable of performing highly accurate voltage, current, and power measurements; (ii) the characterization procedure is simple and exploitable for all kinds of SAMUs and other synchronized measurement devices.
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Hartomo, Kristoko Dwi, April Firman Daru, and Hindriyanto Dwi Purnomo. "A new approach of scalable traffic capture model with Pi cluster." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp2186-2196.
Full textAbstract:
<span lang="EN-US">The development of the internet of things (IoT), which functions as servers, device monitors, and controllers of several peripherals inside the smart home, eased workload in many sectors. Most devices are accessible through the internet because they communicate with wired or wireless interfaces. However, this feature makes them prone to the risk of being exposed to the public. The exposed devices are an easy target for the third party to launch a flooding attack through the network. This attack overloads the system due to the low processing capability, thereby interrupting any running process and harming the device. Therefore, this study proposed a scalable network capturing model that utilized multiple Raspberry Pi boards in parallel to monitor the network traffics simultaneously. An isolated experiment was used for evaluation by running simultaneous flooding attacks on each device. The result showed that the model consumed 30.44% more memory with 14.66% lower central processing unit (CPU) usage and 3.63% faster execution time. This means that this model is better in terms of performance and effectiveness than the single capture model.</span>
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Natu, Rucha, Suvajyoti Guha, Seyed Ahmad Reza Dibaji, and Luke Herbertson. "Assessment of Flow through Microchannels for Inertia-Based Sorting: Steps toward Microfluidic Medical Devices." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100886.
Full textAbstract:
The development of new standardized test methods would allow for the consistent evaluation of microfluidic medical devices and enable high-quality products to reach the market faster. A comprehensive flow characterization study was conducted to identify regulatory knowledge gaps using a generic inertia-based spiral channel model for particle sorting and facilitate standards development in the microfluidics community. Testing was performed using 2–20 µm rigid particles to represent blood elements and flow rates of 200–5000 µL/min to assess the effects of flow-related factors on overall system performance. Two channel designs were studied to determine the variability associated with using the same microchannel multiple times (coefficient of variation (CV) of 27% for Design 1 and 18% for Design 2, respectively). The impact of commonly occurring failure modes on device performance was also investigated by simulating progressive and complete channel outlet blockages. The pressure increased by 10–250% of the normal channel pressure depending on the extent of the blockage. Lastly, two common data analysis approaches were compared—imaging and particle counting. Both approaches were similar in terms of their sensitivity and consistency. Continued research is needed to develop standardized test methods for microfluidic systems, which will improve medical device performance testing and drive innovation in the biomedical field.