Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic device and system performance evaluation, testing and simulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic device and system performance evaluation, testing and simulation"
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Pallegedara, Achala, Martin Petřík, and Petr Štemberk. "Design of Portable Device for Rapid Temperature Testing of Concrete Specimens: System Circuit Design Phase." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.11.
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The project described in this paper is based on sequential development of a temperature controlled weather condition emulator for testing of concrete samples in different temperature levels at varying period of time. The device can be used to test concrete samples when engineer wants to realize the concrete behaviour under extreme conditions such as cold, very high temperature or drastic drops of temperature incurred in a short period and importantly test for concrete samples during hydration. As an initial phase of the development process, entire system architecture is sub-phased to modular form and hence formulated each module for simulation before realizing of the final fabrication of the actual system. The main objective in this phase is to design the electronic circuit to control the attached thermoelectric Peltier which is the main subject of the heat source temperature controller. Since, mathematical modelling of dynamics of the Peltier systems are not well defined and assured to be highly non-linear in behaviour, controlling of the system is driven to be selected by a fuzzy inference engine. Modelling, analysis and simulation of the system dynamics of the Peltier has already been completed in last phase. Design of electronic controller is detailed in the paper with an experimental performance evaluation plot based on extreme loading conditions of the cooling-heating device. Uncertainty incurred in temperature measurements is also provided with experimental data obtained from the proposed system circuit. Characteristics of the proposed emulator are discussed with given significant constrains. Finally, obtained experimental data from the circuit is satisfied with the expected once therefore, this phase can be concluded for developing an optimized fuzzy controller to control the device as final step of the device.
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Xu, Zhuoming, Dongwang Yang, Xiong Yuan, Siheng Hua, Han You, Yubing Xing, Kai Hu, et al. "Objective evaluation of wearable thermoelectric generator: From platform building to performance verification." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087672.
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Wearable thermoelectric generators can harvest heat from the human body to power an intelligent electronic device, which plays an important role in wearable electronics. However, due to the complexity of human skin, there is still no unified standard for performance testing of wearable thermoelectric generators under wearable conditions. Herein, a test platform suitable for a wearable thermoelectric generator was designed and built by simulating the structure of the arm. Based on the biological body temperature regulation function, water flow and water temperature substitute blood flow and blood temperature, the silicone gel with some thickness simulates the skin layer of the human arm, thus achieving the goal of adjusting the thermal resistance of human skin. Meanwhile, the weight is used as the contact pressure to further ensure the reliability and accuracy of the test data. In addition, the environment regulatory system is set up to simulate the outdoor day. Actually, the maximum deviation of the performance of the thermoelectric generator worn on the test platform and human arm is ∼5.2%, indicating the accuracy of objective evaluation.
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Natu, Rucha, Suvajyoti Guha, Seyed Ahmad Reza Dibaji, and Luke Herbertson. "Assessment of Flow through Microchannels for Inertia-Based Sorting: Steps toward Microfluidic Medical Devices." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100886.
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The development of new standardized test methods would allow for the consistent evaluation of microfluidic medical devices and enable high-quality products to reach the market faster. A comprehensive flow characterization study was conducted to identify regulatory knowledge gaps using a generic inertia-based spiral channel model for particle sorting and facilitate standards development in the microfluidics community. Testing was performed using 2–20 µm rigid particles to represent blood elements and flow rates of 200–5000 µL/min to assess the effects of flow-related factors on overall system performance. Two channel designs were studied to determine the variability associated with using the same microchannel multiple times (coefficient of variation (CV) of 27% for Design 1 and 18% for Design 2, respectively). The impact of commonly occurring failure modes on device performance was also investigated by simulating progressive and complete channel outlet blockages. The pressure increased by 10–250% of the normal channel pressure depending on the extent of the blockage. Lastly, two common data analysis approaches were compared—imaging and particle counting. Both approaches were similar in terms of their sensitivity and consistency. Continued research is needed to develop standardized test methods for microfluidic systems, which will improve medical device performance testing and drive innovation in the biomedical field.
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Bravo-Zanoguera, Miguel, Daniel Cuevas-González, Marco A. Reyna, Juan P. García-Vázquez, and Roberto L. Avitia. "Fabricating a Portable ECG Device Using AD823X Analog Front-End Microchips and Open-Source Development Validation." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 5962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205962.
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Relevant to mobile health, the design of a portable electrocardiograph (ECG) device using AD823X microchips as the analog front-end is presented. Starting with the evaluation board of the chip, open-source hardware and software components were integrated into a breadboard prototype. This required modifying the microchip with the breadboard-friendly Arduino Nano board in addition to a data logger and a Bluetooth breakout board. The digitized ECG signal can be transmitted by serial cable, via Bluetooth to a PC, or to an Android smartphone system for visualization. The data logging shield provides gigabytes of storage, as the signal is recorded to a microSD card adapter. A menu incorporates the device’s several operating modes. Simulation and testing assessed the system stability and performance parameters in terms of not losing any sample data throughout the length of the recording and finding the maximum sampling frequency; and validation determined and resolved problems that arose in open-source development. Ultimately, a custom printed circuit board was produced requiring advanced manufacturing options of 2.5 mils trace widths for the small package components. The fabricated device did not degrade the AD823X noise performance, and an ECG waveform with negligible distortion was obtained. The maximum number of samples/second was 2380 Hz in serial cable transmission, whereas in microSD recording mode, a continuous ECG signal for up to 36 h at 500 Hz was verified. A low-cost, high-quality portable ECG for long-term monitoring prototype that reasonably complies with electrical safety regulations and medical equipment design was realized.
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Chen, Jian. "Realization of a Noncontact IC Chip with Embedded Ferroelectric Memory in an Auxiliary Timing Device for Sports Games." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9933084.
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The research direction of the new generation of embedded memory can be summarized into two types of embedded nonvolatile memory and embedded volatile memory; the research on online testing of embedded memory started in the past ten years, and there are few research results. This article analyzes the feasibility of the noncontact IC chip in the embedded ferroelectric memory of the sports game auxiliary timing device and is aimed at obtaining an optimized embedded ferroelectric memory by analyzing the relevant data to achieve the update and update of the sports game timing device system. Early sports event timing methods generally use manual timing (stopwatch) or camera shooting timing; this method is inefficient, poor real-time, huge workload, and prone to errors. This research mainly focuses on the analysis and discussion of the material structure and performance of the embedded ferroelectric memory and the process of noncontact IC chip. This article uses custom welding circuit technology to prepare the best ferroelectric filter in the test part and verifies the influence of temperature on the material; in order to understand the properties of ferroelectric materials at the electronic and atomic level, a first-order statistical method is obtained. The numerical calculation results of the experiment verify that the evaluation value of the serial port synchronization module as a whole exceeds the pulse synchronization; the network synchronization as a whole exceeds the code synchronization, and the result of the network time service module is the opposite, but as a whole, each module of the noncontact IC chip has strong performance adaptability; in the application of auxiliary timing, the maintainability of noncontact IC chip is quite outstanding, and the maximum value is 7.97; a large number of complex simulation system tasks can be completed by simple and direct tasks.
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Madejski, Paweł, Piotr Michalak, Michał Karch, Tomasz Kuś, and Krzysztof Banasiak. "Monitoring of Thermal and Flow Processes in the Two-Phase Spray-Ejector Condenser for Thermal Power Plant Applications." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 7151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197151.
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The paper deals with the problem of accurate measuring techniques and experimental research methods for performance evaluation of direct contact jet-type flow condensers. The nominal conditions and range of temperature, pressure and flow rate in all characteristic points of novel test rig installation were calculated using the developed model. Next, the devices for measurement of temperature, pressure and flow rate in a novel test rig designed for testing the two-phase flow spray ejector condensers system (SEC) were studied. The SEC can find application in gas power cycles as the device dedicated to condensing steam in exhaust gases without decreasing or even increasing exhaust gas pressure. The paper presents the design assumptions of the test rig, its layout and results of simulations of characteristic points using developed test rig models. Based on the initial thermal and flow conditions, the main assumptions for thermal and flow process monitoring were formulated. Then, the discussion on commercially available measurement solutions was presented. The basic technical parameters of available sensors and devices were given, discussed with details.
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Ay, Haluk, Anthony Luscher, and Carolyn Sommerich. "A dynamic simulator for the ergonomics evaluation of powered torque tools for human assembly." Assembly Automation 37, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-12-2015-126.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to design and develop a testing device to simulate interaction between human hand–arm dynamics, right-angle (RA) computer-controlled power torque tools and joint-tightening task-related variables. Design/methodology/approach The testing rig can simulate a variety of tools, tasks and operator conditions. The device includes custom data-acquisition electronics and graphical user interface-based software. The simulation of the human hand–arm dynamics is based on the rig’s four-bar mechanism-based design and mechanical components that provide adjustable stiffness (via pneumatic cylinder) and mass (via plates) and non-adjustable damping. The stiffness and mass values used are based on an experimentally validated hand–arm model that includes a database of model parameters. This database is with respect to gender and working posture, corresponding to experienced tool operators from a prior study. Findings The rig measures tool handle force and displacement responses simultaneously. Peak force and displacement coefficients of determination (R2) between rig estimations and human testing measurements were 0.98 and 0.85, respectively, for the same set of tools, tasks and operator conditions. The rig also provides predicted tool operator acceptability ratings, using a data set from a prior study of discomfort in experienced operators during torque tool use. Research limitations/implications Deviations from linearity may influence handle force and displacement measurements. Stiction (Coulomb friction) in the overall rig, as well as in the air cylinder piston, is neglected. The rig’s mechanical damping is not adjustable, despite the fact that human hand–arm damping varies with respect to gender and working posture. Deviations from these assumptions may affect the correlation of the handle force and displacement measurements with those of human testing for the same tool, task and operator conditions. Practical implications This test rig will allow the rapid assessment of the ergonomic performance of DC torque tools, saving considerable time in lineside applications and reducing the risk of worker injury. DC torque tools are an extremely effective way of increasing production rate and improving torque accuracy. Being a complex dynamic system, however, the performance of DC torque tools varies in each application. Changes in worker mass, damping and stiffness, as well as joint stiffness and tool program, make each application unique. This test rig models all of these factors and allows quick assessment. Social implications The use of this tool test rig will help to identify and understand risk factors that contribute to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) associated with the use of torque tools. Tool operators are subjected to large impulsive handle reaction forces, as joint torque builds up while tightening a fastener. Repeated exposure to such forces is associated with muscle soreness, fatigue and physical stress which are also risk factors for upper extremity injuries (MSDs; e.g. tendinosis, myofascial pain). Eccentric exercise exertions are known to cause damage to muscle tissue in untrained individuals and affect subsequent performance. Originality/value The rig provides a novel means for quantitative, repeatable dynamic evaluation of RA powered torque tools and objective selection of tightening programs. Compared to current static tool assessment methods, dynamic testing provides a more realistic tool assessment relative to the tool operator’s experience. This may lead to improvements in tool or controller design and reduction in associated musculoskeletal discomfort in operators.
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Zhang, Wenli, Fengchang Yang, Rui Qiao, and Dushan Boroyevich. "Integrated Microchannel Cooling for Power Electronic Modules." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, CICMT (May 1, 2016): 000122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016cicmt-wa25.
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Abstract The power electronic module plays a key role in the power system by providing the needed physical support, electrical contact and insulation, and thermal pathway for power devices. Using wide bandgap power semiconductors in the power modules enables high-frequency and low-loss switching at relatively high temperatures for efficient power conversion. These advantages could lead to an increase in power-density for the power module as well as a reduction of cost, weight, and volume at the system level. However, the highly integrated power module requires advanced thermal management solutions for effective heat removal from the active chips to achieve high reliability. The evaluation of thermal performance for the power module is critical for its packaging design, because most of the heat generated by the semiconductors is dissipated through the module package. It is even more critical for the gallium nitride (GaN)-based power modules due to the lower thermal conductivity of the GaN material compared with that of silicon and silicon carbide. This paper provides a brief introduction of power modules in conventional packaging design and a review of several new packaging structures with advanced thermal management solutions. The direct-bonded-copper (DBC) substrate with integrated microchannel cooling designed for a new packaging structure is proposed for highly integrated power modules. In this design, the cooling microchannels are embedded inside the aluminum nitride (AlN) layer of the DBC substrate. In finite element analysis (FEA) simulation model of the new package, six high-voltage GaN transistors are arranged on the top surface of the DBC substrate to realize a three-phase inverter circuit. Three straight embedded microchannels with a cross-sectional area of 0.3 mm × 5 mm are located underneath the GaN devices. The average maximum temperature of the GaN devices in the new package is around 72 °C (50 W power loss applied on each die), which is about 16 °C lower than that in the traditional power module package. A thermal transfer coefficient of 2000 W/m2 K, which is equivalent to the liquid cooling condition, is applied on the bottom surface of the baseplate in the traditional package. Enhanced heat dissipation capability is demonstrated using this integrated microchannel cooling method. Further study will focus on the fabrication of a prototype and experimental testing.
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Hernandez-Ossa, Kevin A., Eduardo H. Montenegro-Couto, Berthil Longo, Alexandre Bissoli, Mariana M. Sime, Hilton M. Lessa, Ivan R. Enriquez, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, and Teodiano Bastos-Filho. "Simulation System of Electric-Powered Wheelchairs for Training Purposes." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123565.
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For some people with severe physical disabilities, the main assistive device to improve their independence and to enhance overall well-being is an electric-powered wheelchair (EPW). However, there is a necessity to offer users EPW training. In this work, the Simcadrom is introduced, which is a virtual reality simulator for EPW driving learning purposes, testing of driving skills and performance, and testing of input interfaces. This simulator uses a joystick as the main input interface, and a virtual reality head-mounted display. However, it can also be used with an eye-tracker device as an alternative input interface and a projector to display the virtual environment (VE). Sense of presence, and user experience questionnaires were implemented to evaluate this version of the Simcadrom in addition to some statistical tests for performance parameters like: total elapsed time, path following error, and total number of commands. A test protocol was proposed and, considering the overall results, the system proved to simulate, very realistically, the usability, kinematics, and dynamics of a real EPW in a VE. Most subjects were able to improve their EPW driving performance in the training session. Furthermore, all skills learned are feasible to be transferred to a real EPW.
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Mushatet, Adil Fadhil, Ahmed Ismael Khaleel, and Shelan Khasro Tawfeeq. "Design and implementation of silicon single-photon avalanche photodiode modeling tool for QKD systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3870-3881.
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Single-photon detection concept is the most crucial factor that determines the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In this paper, a simulator with time domain visualizers and configurable parameters using continuous time simulation approach is presented for modeling and investigating the performance of single-photon detectors operating in Gieger mode at the wavelength of 830 nm. The widely used C30921S silicon avalanche photodiode was modeled in terms of avalanche pulse, the effect of experiment conditions such as excess voltage, temperature and average photon number on the photon detection efficiency, dark count rate and afterpulse probability. This work shows a general repeatable modeling process for significant performance evaluation. The most remarkable result emerged from the simulated data generated and detected by commercial devices is that the modeling process provides guidance for single-photon detectors design and characterization. The validation and testing results of the single-photon avalanche detectors (SPAD) simulator showed acceptable results with the theoretical and experimental results reported in related references and the device's data sheets.
Conference papers on the topic "Electronic device and system performance evaluation, testing and simulation"
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Mi, Jia, Qiaofeng Li, Mingyi Liu, Xiaofan Li, and Lei Zuo. "Performance Evaluation of Suspended Energy Harvesting Backpack Using Half-Wave Mechanical Rectification." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3194.
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Abstract Human beings are becoming more and more dependent on electronic devices, such as smart phones, smart watches, GPS, etc. This paper presents the design, modeling and testing of a novel suspended energy harvesting backpack using half-wave mechanical rectification. The proposed half-wave rectification mechanism can convert bidirectional linear vibration into unidirectional rotation with nonlinear inertia. Compared with full-wave mechanical rectification, the proposed half-wave rectification is designed only to convert the motion in one of the vibration directions while remaining idle in the other direction. Numerical simulation shows the proposed half-wave rectification based suspended energy harvesting backpack can obtain about two times of the average output power as the previous full-wave rectification design while also maintaining larger output power in the wideband frequency range. Bench test results indicate that the proposed half-wave rectification-based energy harvesting backpack can harvest 6.7 W (peak)/2.1 W (average) under 2 Hz and 6 mm excitation with a 31.8 kg payload, which is a significant improvement compared with 1.9 W(peak)/0.9 W (average) for the counterpart of full-wave rectification system. In addition, bench test results also validate the energy harvesting in wideband frequency range. Treadmill tests demonstrate an average power range of 1.2–11.0 W under walking speeds of 3.2–6.4 km/h with a 13.6 kg payload.
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Shrestha, Pradhumna Lal, Michael Hempel, Sushanta Rakshit, Hamid Sharif, John Punwani, and Monique Stewart. "Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Technology Networking for Real-Time Monitoring in Freight Railroad Operations." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2467.
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Traditional Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) solutions have been deemed insufficient to address the requirements of freight railroad companies to implement real-time monitoring and control of their trains, tracks and wayside equipment. With only ZigBee-based elements, the transmission capabilities of WSN devices are limited in terms of coverage range and throughput. This leads to severe delay and congestion in the network, particularly in railroad scenarios that usually require the nodes to be arranged in linear chain-like topology. In such a multi-hop topology to communicate from one end of a train to the locomotive — and due to ZigBee’s limited communication range — data needs to be transmitted using a very high number of hops and thus generates long delays and congestion problems. To overcome this drawback, we have proposed a heterogeneous multi-hop networking approach called “Hybrid Technology Networking” (HTN). In HTN we combined Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies like WiFi, which provide improved communication range and higher data rates, with low-power communication technologies like ZigBee. This significantly reduces the number of hops required to deliver data across the network and hence solves the issues of delay and congestion, while also achieving superior enery efficiency and network lifetime. The sensor nodes are logically divided into clusters and each cluster has a WiFi “gateway”. All intra-cluster communication is achieved via IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocols, while all inter-cluster communication utilizes WiFi protocol standards. To implement our proposed technology in railroad networks, we are designing hardware prototypes and simulation models to evaluate the functionality and performance of our HTN solution, which is designed around a dual network stack design governed by the HTN protocol. This ensures full compliance with IEEE and industry communication protocols for interoperability. Since no simulation tools that seamlessly combine both WSN and WLAN technologies in a single module exist, we wrote our own simulation environment using OPNET. In this paper, we have provided information of implementing the HTN protocol in OPNET and the simulation results for different scenarios relevant to railroad operations. These results will demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed system as well as provide the baseline data for testing the hardware devices in live networks. Under simulated traffic and channel conditions and device configurations, we observed a decrease of 77.27% in end-to-end delay and an increase of 69.70% in received data volume when using HTN compared to ZigBee-only multi-hop networks, simulated over 14 railcars in railroad-relevant scenarios.
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Johnson, Austin, Saravanan Sundaramoorthy, Kareem Ameen, Jess Nichols, Alex MacGregor, and Justin Fraczek. "Lessons Learned Using a Next Generation Active Sealing Device for Deepwater MPD Operations." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204110-ms.
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Abstract This paper shares results from the first year of deepwater operations using an active sealing device purpose built for deepwater Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). The active sealing device is a clean-sheet design approach. The first use of the system was performed in a narrow margin deepwater well in the Black Sea with subsequent wells in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper shares lessons learned from first year of operations. This paper discusses field operations, lessons learned, and post run evaluation of system performance. An overview of the design introduces system elements and briefly discusses system testing measures taken prior to field deployment. An overview of operations from the first year is provided, highlighting lessons learned, action items taken, and solutions implemented between wells. Analysis of the link between the testing and field results demonstrates the novel approach to testing and validity of assumptions made during the testing phase. Furthermore, methods of evaluating seal performance are discussed. The paper shares conclusions from the first year of active sealing device deployment. A non-rotating seal sleeve element design eliminates multiple high-wear rotating control device (RCD) components such as bearings and rotary seal as well as their associated failure modes.Redundant, active seal elements ensure wellbore seal quality throughout the seal assembly life.Active seal condition monitoring alerts the rig crew prior to failure to replace the seal assembly.Multi-modal seal control provides crew methods to reach total depth in contingency mode.Full-scale simulated drilling testing included the use of client equipment prior to first use.Testing procedures were designed to simulate drilling to mirror system use in a live well.First MPD well completed in 2019 in the Black Sea with subsequent wells in the Gulf of Mexico.Lessons learned from operations to applied in continuous improvement program.Novel approaches to assessing performance have been developed in order to provide consistent metrics.Learnings have been applied in subsequent wells to improve technology transfer to drilling contractors. The paper discusses other aspects of the program such as drilling contractor ownership vs. use of third (3rd) party systems, integration of the MPD equipment into the rig, and network architecture. Further, an algorithm has been developed to analyze system performance from electronic drilling recorder data to better characterize the effect of usage patterns of seal wear. These data demonstrate the validity of assumptions made during the development of the test procedures.
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Cappelli, Mauro, Stefano Di Gennaro, and Fabrizio Memmi. "Design of Control Systems for Nuclear Plant Processes: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Approach." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31044.
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Nuclear domain can be considered as a challenging field of application for control systems and the related electronic technology. A prototypal version for controllers is often mandatory for a preventive test and performance evaluation. Control engineers often develop very accurate model of a specific process with very sophisticated control laws using a simulation environment. Even if simulations are fundamental for studying the process and selecting the best control technique, this theoretical effort can be a critical issue for the subsequent hardware implementation of the controller on real electronic devices, leading to a difficult conversion from software to hardware. In this context, the so called Hardware-In-the-Loop HIL simulations is a valid help, allowing a plant process to be simulated in a real time environment and the control unit to be realized on a real component and included in the whole simulation. In this work, HIL simulations are presented and compared to fully software simulations in case of the prototype realization of a pressure controller for a Pressurized Water Reactor PWR. Digital hardware technology is here introduced from the scratch into the project, and the physical implementation of the control unit is taken into account from the beginning, with a significant improvement of the accuracy of the controller in the real process. The control unit is based on a Field-Progammable-Gate-Array (FPGA), a widespread device for real-time control. FPGAs let designers to program a wide number of digital gates in their functionalities with a intrinsic determinism. In addition, processes can be managed in a real parallelism and without the resource sharing as in a CPU operating system. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of such an approach.
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Benjamin, Michael A., Andrew M. Odar, Erlendur Steinthorsson, and Charles B. Cotten. "Indirect Spray Evaporative Thermal Management for Semiconductor Burn-In." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73189.
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Semiconductor burn-in testing is one of several quality assurance tests conducted during High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) of semiconductor logic devices. The goal of burn-in is to induce “infant mortality” component failures. To accelerate infant mortality defects, semiconductor devices are subjected to stressing techniques that induce heat levels, typically, 100%–300% greater than end use environment heat loads. For this work, an indirect spray cooling method was developed and experimentally evaluated. In the indirect method, sprays are sealed within a spraycap (evaporator) that is thermally connected with the heated surface by way of a thermal interface material. The test fluid is the perfluorocarbon HFE-7000 that has a boiling point of 34°C at 1 atm. pressure. Experiments were run at a spraycap nominal pressure of 1 atm. with about 16°C of liquid subcooling at the inlet. Tests were performed on a lidded Thermal Test Vehicle (TTV) device (1.2 cm2 die size) to measure the thermal solution maximum power, dynamic control, repeatability, and the effect of applied force. Time varying test patterns (thermal loads) are simulated by changing TTV power in 20 W steps up to 200 W. The pertinent output measurements for performance evaluation are TTV power and junction temperatures (Tj), thermocouple measurements in the heat path, coolant flow rate, and applied force to the TTV. From these measurements, resultant parameters of thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficients are calculated. Maximum TTV power maintaining Tj at or below 105°C was shown to approach 240 W. Thermal controllability of the system was demonstrated for a Tj of 105 °C over the TTV power range of 30 W to 200 W. Performance was extremely stable and very repeatable even when the spraycap exit quality was 100%. The thermal solution demonstrated good repeatability during a limited cycle test. Contact force of approximately 10 lbf (45 N) was found to minimize the thermal resistance of the solution, and no significant improvement is realized beyond that force level.
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Miki, Takahiro, Koji Ishikawa, Hiroki Mamiya, and Qiang Yu. "Early-Stage Analysis for MEMS Structural Optimization I: Concept." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73050.
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We report on the development of a new micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) optimal design method called MEMS Early-Stage Analysis (MESA), which supports the total system evaluation of MEMS devices before the design stage. Recently total system simulation and design using Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) analyses have become important in MEMS device development due to their fabrication and design complexity. Although a lot of CAE methods that can be applied to MEMS have been demonstrated, time-consuming trial-and-error processes are inevitable at the design stage in order to obtain an optimal structure. In our design method, we can clarify and simplify the relation between design parameters and the system characteristics using a MESA weighted orthogonal array. In the MESA array, the sensitivity of each design factor for the system performance shows numerically how the design parameter influences the system characteristics. The existent trade-offs between design parameters can be minimized by both modifying the design concept and adjusting the sensitivities. Therefore MEMS designers are able to optimize the total system based on the information from the MESA array. Moreover, particular system characteristics can be enhanced in order to meet the system requirement through the adjustment of weight values for the sensitivities. The MESA makes the evaluation of system validity possible at the concept design stage. To conduct the informative optimal design method at the beginning of development leads the reduction of the total MEMS design time and cost.
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Ling, Bradley A., Terry Lettenmaier, Matthew Fowler, Matthew Cameron, and Anthony M. Viselli. "Design and Construction of a 1/15th Scale Wave Tank Model of the Azura Commercial Wave Energy Converter." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95538.
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Abstract The design of a 1/15th geometrically scaled wave tank model of the Azura™ commercial-scale wave energy device is presented. The objectives of the wave tank tests, conducted at the University of Maine Harlod Alfond Wind/Wave Ocean Engineering Lab (W2), included verification of the Azura’s energy capture in irregular waves, evaluation of performance in survival wave conditions, and testing of two advanced control algorithms. Due to the difficulty in properly Froude Scaling a hydraulic system, the model used a direct-drive rotary motor/generator power takeoff (PTO), with the dynamics of the hydraulic PTO included via a hardware-in-the-loop simulation. This PTO implementation led to additional design requirements being imposed on the model drivetrain. In addition to the model PTO design, the instrumentation design, structural design, and test plans are presented. The resulting model and PTO achieved a high level of controllability, and accurately emulated the dynamics of the hydraulic PTO of the full-scale Azura prototype.
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Turso, James, Abe Boughner, and Gianfranco Buonamici. "Propulsion Simulator/Stimulator Development for US Navy’s Newest Gas Turbine-Powered Ship: LHD 8 USS Makin Island." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22305.
Full textAbstract:
The LHD 8 amphibious assault ship utilizes a hybrid propulsion plant, where the ship has the capability to be propelled by electric propulsion motors or gas turbine engines, all of which is controlled and monitored by a state-of-the-art Machinery Control System (MCS). Unlike the previous ships of the class which were steam powered, the hybrid drive is designed to allow economical low speed fuel efficiency on electric motors as well as a traditional gas turbine power plant for all other mission areas. This is expected to yield significant fuel savings over the life of the ship. The integrated machinery control system is likewise expected to reduce life cycle costs through reduced manning. The build specification for this ship class required that all MCS signals including the gas turbine alarms and shutdown functions be fully tested prior to initial light-off. Many of these functions are not activated, and therefore cannot be tested, until the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) senses that the gas turbine is running. Historically, previous ship classes used a manually-operated set of potentiometers to provide signals to a gas turbine ECU to simulate external inputs to allow testing of shutdown and alarm functions. For this newest class of engine however, the ECU is significantly more complex and requires the ECU to successfully progress through the start sequence, including sensed variables changing at expected rates, in order to activate the alarm and shutdown logic. In order to test this functionality, an engine simulator, physically interfaced to the ECU aboard the ship, was necessary. No system of this type is available or had ever been developed. Neither the engine or ECU manufacturer had a device for this purpose. The paper will discuss the development and implementation of a gas turbine simulator that incorporates an engine mathematical model fully compatible with the ECU controller, simulation hardware capable of supporting real-time system performance, signal conditioning necessary to provide/accept raw signals to/from the ECU, as well as a host laptop with software necessary to control simulator/stimulator and perform test functions. The paper will discuss the system requirements development, component selection, software and hardware development, and system integration and testing. Also discussed will be the results of bench testing as well as the final shipboard test results. Examples in the form of diagrams, photos, charts and schematics will be used. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the benefits of a dynamic gas turbine simulator and potential future applications.