Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic commerce Malaysia'

<span>Electronic commerce has been growing at a rapid rate in many countries, including developing countries. In recent years, social media and social networking sites have become popular and such popularity has led to a novel e-commerce branch known as social commerce. In Malaysia, it is observed that individuals and organizations have begun to sell and purchase using social media. But studies on s-commerce adoption in Malaysia are still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of technological, organizational, and trust factors on social commerce adoption among SMEs in Malaysia. This paper presented the factors, collected from literature, which influence the adoption of social commerce, and the results of an exploratory pilot study.</span>

Electronic commerce or e-commerce is gaining momentum in Malaysia. Consumers are finding transacting online to be a convenient method especially to buy goods and services. As online transactions involve transborder commerce, disputes are inevitable. As such the question of conflict of laws arises, one of which involves enforcement of foreign judgement. Even though there is a law regulating enforcement of foreign judgement in Malaysia, however it does not take into consideration consumer protection. Adapting doctrinal research, this article discusses issues and challenges arising in the enforcement of foreign judgement in e-commerce consumer contracts in Malaysia. Keywords: Enforcement of Foreign Judgement, Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgement Act 1958, Brussels I Regulation, E-Commerce Consumer Contract

This study empirically examines determinants of E-commerce adoption by Malaysian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Research model for this study was drawn on the literature on information and communication technology, Information system, and electronic data interchange. This study tested seven hypotheses on factors that influence e-commerce adoption with empirical data from a sample of 200 SMEs in Malaysia. The findings show that relative advantage, compatibility, organizational readiness, manager's characteristics, and security have significant impact on e-commerce adoption. The study provides a clear understanding of manager's perception about e-commerce adoption in their businesses. This study is important in a global context, as SMEs in Malaysia are going for exporting their product in the global marketplace. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas empirinis tyrimas, kuriame analizuojamas e.-komercijos principų taikymas Malaizijos smulkiojo ir vidutinio verslo įmonėse. Tyrimo modelis pristatytas šiame straipsnyje, buvo sudarytas remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize. Autoriai iškėlė 7 hipotezes, kurias vėliau bandė pagrįsti. Iškeltoms hipotezėms patvirtinti (arba paneigti) buvo atliekamas tyrimas. Tyrime dalyvavo 200 smulkiojo ir vidutinio verslo įmonių, taikančių savo veikloje e.-komercijos principus. Pristatyto tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta ir tai, kad sėkmingam e-komercijos principų taikymui didelę reikšmę turi ne tik technologiniai sprendimai, bet ir žmogiškasis veiksnys. Autoriai pažymi, kad šis tyrimas yra labai svarbus Malaizijoje įsikūrusioms smulkiojo ir vidutinio verslo įmonėms, nes jame buvo vertinamos tarptautinio verslo perspektyvos globalizacijos kontekste.

E-commerce, often known as electronic commerce, is a method of doing business that involves purchasing and selling products and services via a digital network like the internet. Since there are various types of e-commerce websites in Malaysia like Lazada, Shopee and PGMall, the consumers have difficulties choosing which e-commerce websites to access for online shopping. The organisation also finds it hard to make a judgement about which sites to use for their online transaction and human judgement for decision making is not reliable in our daily life. The Fuzzy AHP method was used in this study to select the best e-commerce websites in Malaysia. The research aim is to determine the criteria when choosing e-commerce websites, identify sub-criteria that impact e-commerce website rankings and investigate the best rank of e-commerce in Malaysia. In this study, two decision-makers examine three criteria and eight sub-criteria to determine the best e-commerce websites in Malaysia. There are three websites to choose from Shopee, Lazada, and PGMall. The criteria are system quality, information quality, and service quality. Besides, the sub-criteria are access speed, visual appearance, response time, reliable information, update information, accurate information, tracking order status, and payment alternatives. The primary data was used by distributing a set of questionnaires to the experts in the field. Shopee is the best e-commerce website in Malaysia, according to the results, with a normalised score of 0.4488. Lazada comes in second with a normalised 0.4360, and PGMall with a normalised 0.1153. As a result, Shopee outperforms the other two online transaction platforms, Lazada and PGMall.

The development of business-to-business electronic commerce marketplaces (B2B e-marketplaces) has influenced the way businesses are conducted. The emergence of many types of e-marketplaces together with the increase use of e-marketplaces allows many organizations to become e-market makers in the electronic commerce environment. Nonetheless, too many B2B e-marketplaces could become a challenge with e-marketplaces have shown numerous successes and failures since early existence. With this background, this pap er discusses the characteristics and success factors of B2B e-marketplaces offered in Malaysia. A content analysis ofe-marketplace websites using the integrated model from the Extended Model of Internet Commerce Adoption (eMICA) and the Internet-Based B2B Stages of Growth enabled an examination of type, ownership, B2B features and B2B stages of growth. A few e-marketplaces were then selected as case studies to identify the success factors based on the Framework of the Critical Success Factors Analysis fo r E-Marketplaces. Overall, Malaysia B2B public e-marketplaces have shown positive growth development stages across time with high adoption of e-commerce website features. In addition,factors of strategic, functional, technology, build liquidity, create value and others were also essential for t e success of the e-marketplaces. Indeed, good marketing strategies, multiple income streams, value added information services and government initiatives are among keys to success.

Rapid developments in information technology and telecommunications have set the pace for an electronic revolution leading to emergence of E-commerce. The advent of internet offers many business firms new opportunities and challenges. However, there are various psychological and behavioural issues such as trust, security of the internet transactions, reluctance to change, and preference for human interface which appear to impede the growth of E-commerce. This paper analyses the current situation of E- commerce in Malaysia, the merits of E-commerce, and factors affecting the adoption of E-commerce. Internet has transformed the traditional marketing model and system. Besides functioning as a communication medium, it has been used as a market space where buyers and sellers exchange information, goods, and services without the hindrance of time and geographical constraints. Marketing functions are performed under a hypermedia-computer-mediated-environment where interactivity and connectivity are replacing the traditional mode of ‘face to face’ negotiation and communication. Internet allows interactivity between buyers and sellers to create a shared real-time common marketspace. Connectivity links buyers-sellers worldwide creating a shared global marketspace. No other industry in the world history has achieved a rapid growth in as short a time as E-commerce. Though only a few years old, E-commerce has taken off at an unprecedented speed despite much skepticism and some initial hesitation. It is univer-sally accepted that the world is in the grip of an E-commerce revolution. But, the hyper growth of Internet sales is still an American phenomenon and E-commerce has not taken off in other parts of the globe although some countries like Europe, Japan, and Australia are rapidly joining the bandwagon. Although E-commerce is a relatively new method of business, it has radically altered the marketing and distribution paradigms. The scale of business generated through E- commerce is multiplying exponentially. However, Malaysian E-commerce industry has not taken off as expected. Based on primary data collected by MATRADE using a survey of 222 Malaysian manufacturers, traders, and service providers, this paper examines the perceived benefits as well as barriers to E-commerce adoption. Though the sample firms felt that E-commerce was beneficial to business in general, they were uncertain as to how it would benefit their actual business operations. The perceived benefits included: competitiveness better image efficient processes better information system. However, despite the perceived benefits, E-commerce adoption was hindered by a number of constraints. Major barriers were thought to be the problems of keeping up and understanding the technology itself lack of trained manpower uncertainties with regard to its operations and regulations high switching costs. These findings are helpful in providing the firms' perspective of E-commerce in terms of its benefits to their companies as well as barriers to its full scale adoption. Hence, any policy that aims at promoting E-commerce should take these factors into consideration. The results support the development of E-business portals to cater to their needs and rectify their problems. E-commerce portals would enable companies to share the high investment cost of constantly changing technology, reduce the manpower requirement, and keep abreast with the advances in technology.

This study examines the antecedents of the factors that influence customers to adopt the electronic payment system while making payments. Payment is the one of the element to complete the transaction while making payment. Due to the development of E-commerce, e-payment systems have been introducing. So, the use of electronic payment systems is being increasing day by day for people to complete their task quickly ineffective way. The result of the study shows that there is a relationship between dependent variables (effort expectancy and social influence) and independent variable (Adopton of e-payment). However, other variables (culture, perceived security and performance expectancy) were not significant with adoption of e-payment. Therefore, the study approves effort expectancy and social influence has a significant relationship with adoption of e-payment. Therefore, companies today that do business using electronic payment system as the medium to complete the transaction must focus more on this two variable to increase the number of people use this payment system. The increasing the number of people use this payment system will contribute to excellent result for e-commerce because e-payment system is one of the factor e-commerce becomes successful and it will give good impact to our nation’s economy.

The first cyberlaws1 of Malaysia were passed in 1997 and Malaysia has been hailed as one of the first ASEAN countries to have done so. Since then, there have been various amendments to current legislation to adapt to Internet situations, and new cyberlaws have been passed, such as the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (Act 658)2 and the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709). This paper will give an overview of these laws relating to the Internet.

Presently, business blogging is gaining increasing on-line popularity. Some bloggers or business owners engage in this form of business for limited periods to test the marketability of their products, while others rely on it as the primary medium for marketing their products and services. Given that commerce is being conducted via blogs, some exploit this medium for fraudulent purposes. In Malaysia, there are legal rules and regulations governing online transactions or electronic commerce. However, to date these have not been updated to include specific provisions for business blogging. The legal issues that arise are whether owners of such commercial blogs should comply with the existing legal framework governing online transactions or electronic commerce and are thus liable to consumers under consumer laws. This paper discusses the above issues by examining the application of existing laws on business blogging and the effects of non-compliance.

Background The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to global business activities. Physical face-to-face activities must be restricted due to movement control order (MCO). The clients are required to sign the documents physically in the presence of the solicitor who must subsequently attest to the signature of the clients. The issue arises whether electronic signature (e-signature) and attestation are permissible under the laws of Malaysia. The aim of this research was to study the legality of e-signature and attestation in conveyancing practice in Malaysia and subsequently to propose recommendations to overcome these issues. Methods This is qualitative study and not an empirical study. The data was collected by library-based research from various primary and secondary data sources, including case law in Malaysia, written statutes, publication of journal and article. Results The Digital Signatures Act 1997 (DSA) and the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA) have legalised e-signatures. The DSA is the law that governs the digital signatures in Malaysia. ECA has listed a few documents which are not legally accepted if signed electronically, namely Power of Attorney, the Wills and codicils, the Trusts, and negotiable instruments. However, with regards to the issue of attestation of these documents, there are no clear laws which govern the attestation. The legal issue arises when the lawyers who have attested these documents are liable to be called as witness under the Evidence Act 1950 to testify their signature if these documents are tendered as evidence in any court proceedings. Conclusion The laws in Malaysia have provided sufficient provisions for e-signatures but not the issue of attestation via online. Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for unique legal framework for attestation via online in Malaysia.

Background The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to global business activities. Physical face-to-face activities must be restricted due to movement control order (MCO). The clients are required to sign the documents physically in the presence of the solicitor who must subsequently attest to the signature of the clients. The issue arises whether electronic signature (e-signature) and attestation are permissible under the laws of Malaysia. The aim of this research was to study the legality of e-signature and attestation in conveyancing practice in Malaysia and subsequently to propose recommendations to overcome these issues. Methods This is qualitative study and not an empirical study. The data was collected by library-based research from various primary and secondary data sources, including case law in Malaysia, written statutes, publication of journal and article. Results The Digital Signatures Act 1997 (DSA) and the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA) have legalised e-signatures. The DSA is the law that governs the digital signatures in Malaysia. ECA has listed a few documents which are not legally accepted if signed electronically, namely Power of Attorney, the Wills and codicils, the Trusts, and negotiable instruments. However, with regards to the issue of attestation of these documents, there are no clear laws which govern the attestation. The legal issue arises when the lawyers who have attested these documents are liable to be called as witness under the Evidence Act 1950 to testify their signature if these documents are tendered as evidence in any court proceedings. Conclusion The laws in Malaysia have provided sufficient provisions for e-signatures but not the issue of attestation via online. Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for unique legal framework for attestation via online in Malaysia.

Background The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to global business activities. Physical face-to-face activities must be restricted due to movement control order (MCO). The clients are required to sign the documents physically in the presence of the solicitor who must subsequently attest to the signature of the clients. The issue arises whether electronic signature (e-signature) and attestation are permissible under the laws of Malaysia. The aim of this research was to study the legality of e-signature and attestation in conveyancing practice in Malaysia and subsequently to propose recommendations to overcome these issues. Methods This is qualitative study and not an empirical study. The data was collected by library-based research from various primary and secondary data sources, including case law in Malaysia, written statutes, publication of journal and article. Results The Digital Signatures Act 1997 (DSA) and the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA) have legalised e-signatures. The DSA is the law that governs the digital signatures in Malaysia. ECA has listed a few documents which are not legally accepted if signed electronically, namely Power of Attorney, the Wills and codicils, the Trusts, and negotiable instruments. However, with regards to the issue of attestation of these documents, there are no clear laws which govern the attestation. The legal issue arises when the lawyers who have attested these documents are liable to be called as witness under the Evidence Act 1950 to testify their signature if these documents are tendered as evidence in any court proceedings. Conclusion Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for unique legal framework for e-signature and attestation in Malaysia due to the lack of specific laws which govern the issues of electronic signature and attestation.

With a major proportion of research on Electronic Commerce (EC) undertaken on large corporations, and focused primarily on developed countries, little is known about the determinants of EC in Small and Mediumsized Enterprises (SMEs) of developing nations. This chapter explores the extent of EC use by SMEs, and provides some empirical evidence of how internal factors of firm and owner are influencing EC adoption among smaller businesses in Malaysia. The methodology and results of this study may be applicable to other developing countries. Findings confirm the low level of participation in EC by SMEs. The age of enterprise, as well as the owner’s gender and education were found to be significant in determining the level of EC adoption. Though some of the results contradict those of previous studies, they may have a greater implication for government authorities in drawing up guidelines, approaches, and formulating more effective frameworks to promote EC use among SMEs in developing countries.

It is widely known that online shopping has several advantages including time and energy-saving as well as its diversity in making choices. In spite of that, online purchasing activities are prone to a certain number of misuses, particularly to the exposure of fraud and deception by online merchants. Therefore, this article intended to address the necessity for a specific and clear definition of deceit in the context of online purchases. The need for up-to-date legal provisions is crucial to ensure consumers’ protection from any acts of deception by irresponsible merchants, taking into account the act of misleading consumers through unclear definitions and elements of deceit within online purchases in accordance with existing laws. Using content analysis methodology, the existing legal provisions on fraud have been reviewed by focusing on Section 17 of the Contracts Act 1950 in Malaysia alongside regulations on e-commerce fraud practices implemented in the United States, European Union, and Australia. Furthermore, a review of literature from past scholars is included to evaluate their point of view towards e-commerce deception. This article finds that there is a need to provide a distinct and precise definition of deceit and fraud against online purchases through existing legal provisions. It is suggested that Section 17 of the Contracts Act 1950 should include terms that denote its application in the electronic context apart from improving and clarifying the definition and elements of existing provisions to ensure the protection of consumers from the acts of deceit in online purchases.

It is evident that there has been a rapid growth of electronic commerce and online shopping. Hence, this study examined the effect of selected antecedents and risk factors on online purchase behaviour in Malaysia under the premise of an adapted stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model. This study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 330 selected respondents from Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed that the age of consumers, as well as perceived after-sales risk, financial risk, psychological risk, and social risk, had a significant effect on the online purchase behaviour in Malaysia. Apart from enriching the existing body of knowledge, this study offers several significant practical implications. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government and online businesses should focus on Generation Y, who are known to be more tech-savvy, through policies and programmes in order to reduce the various types of perceived risks associated with online transactions. It is believed that this effort could enhance online consumerism among the residents of Malaysia.

Purpose– The main purpose of this paper is to study the benefits that an Asian company can achieve by using e-commerce. Another objective is to identify and rank the barriers influencing the application of e-commerce by innovative small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India, Malaysia, and IranDesign/methodology/approach– The survey design uses a sample of 601 SMEs from three countries. In this study, data were collected by sending out questionnaires electronically and by mail. The Friedman test is used to analyse questionnaire data in conjunction with SPSS 16 software.Findings– The results indicate that an “enhanced company brand and corporate image” is the most important e-commerce advantage from the perspective of East Asian SMEs, whereas “doubts about the security and privacy” is the most important barrier.Research limitations/implications– Differences between the three countries in terms of electronic structure and infrastructure are the most important limitations for the study.Practical implications– As the company brand and the image of the company are very important in this region, companies should strategically invest into these areas. Nowadays, in times of social media, this is not as cost intensive as it was ten years before. So particularly, SMEs have a good chance to succeed in this area.Originality/value– This paper offers researchers a broader and more comprehensive view of the benefits of and barriers to electronic commerce application by SMEs. Researchers, educators, and practitioners will benefit from this paper. The analyses are more complex and varied than the methodologies used in most of the limited previous research.

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has become a rapidly growing phenomenon to date. A peep into the exponential growth of the main players in this industry reveals a large reservoir of market potential for ecommerce. Nevertheless, the prevalence of e-commerce adoption has attracted attention from the government, retailers, and academicians to place specific focus on this area. As such, this study determined the correlation between Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO’s) technology knowledge, relative advantages, and competitive pressure through the lens of Tornatzky and Fleischer’s (1990) Organisational, Technological, and Environmental (OTE) model in order to probe into the adoption of e-commerce. CEOs and managers of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) established in the Northern states of Malaysia were selected as the subject of analysis. A total of 283 out of 364 questionnaires distributed were valid for analysing and testing the hypotheses. Next, the gathered data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 and Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS) version 16.0. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to assess model fit and to test hypotheses. As a conclusion, CEO’s technology knowledge and relative advantage displayed significantly positive influence upon adoption of ecommerce, whereas competitive pressure exhibited insignificant impact upon adoption of e-commerce. In precise, the insignificant influence of competitive pressure on e-commerce implementation appeared to be driven by other unseen variables worthy to be discovered. For future research, a comparison study can be conducted by selecting samples both from employers and employees, as well as other multiple variables associated with e-commerce adoption, so as to keep sampling bias at a minimum level.

Nowadays, transactions on e-commerce platforms (e-payment) utilizing a credit card are popular. Using credit cards for electronic purchases over the Internet is much different from offline purchases in traditional stores; only online transactions do not include either physical credit card or a signature. The e-payment has become a common mode of payment for online transactions made. It is an electronic billing system that gives clients the ability to make payments using the Internet. The objective of this paper was to analyze the associations among continuance intention e-payment, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, social influence, and actual usage of e-payment. The data was tested empirically on data collected from 667 Generation Z e-payment users in Malaysia. The results found that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and social influence impacted the actual usage of e-payment. Surprisingly, effort expectancy was not significantly associated with the actual e-payment usage. The findings of this study have several implications for managers and point the way towards future research. No prior empirical study has investigated the role of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model on e-payment usage among Generation Z in Malaysia to the best of the authors’ knowledge. These results provide valuable contributions that can help decision-makers formulate or adjust their strategies associated with e-payments.

Parties conducting electronic businesses usually do not meet face-to-face, nor do they exchange currency or hard copies of documents hand-to-hand. When companies enter electronic commerce transactions, choosing an electronic payment (or E-Wallet) system that will work well is a major issue. In the present study, initially, after examining different E-Wallet systems in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, assessment criteria were identified based on previous research and experts interviews. The assessment criteria were used for questionnaire development to rank factors for selection of the best E-Wallet in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The survey result was analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a mathematical model, and synthesized using Superdecisions® software. Then, applying the AHP, the five top E-Wallets used in the Klang Valley were ranked. Results show that Samsung Pay is the most preferred E-Wallet system, followed by Lazada Wallet and Boost. The findings of this research are intended to be useful for both academic researchers and companies planning to adopt or improve their electronic payment systems. The hierarchical model developed in this study is expected to provide valuable guidance to E-Wallet service providers, banking industry practitioners, financial institutions, and similar companies in optimizing their resources. E-Wallet service providers can use the results to increase the adoption of their E-Wallet transactions.

Marketing and electronic commerce literature abound in criteria that contribute to the success of an online marketing website. Collectively the factors that contribute to the success of a website are known as the usability factors of websites. This chapter discusses seven of these usability factors that affect the Overall Web Usability (OWU), mainly examining the online industry in Malaysia. The extent of online security technology used, users' perception of online safety and security is also discussed. The chapter presents a comparative review of usability evaluations of websites from industries promoting and selling products online, versus websites of industries those promoting and selling services online. It presents a critical review of product-based websites usability versus service-based websites usability.

In the 1960s, the emergence of technology introduced by humans spurred the establishment of the Internet that can engage all people globally. Since 1994, the Internet has contributed tremendously towards the evolution of online shopping through the development Electronic Commerce (EC). There are many online shopping websites that have been established by various companies as other alternatives for consumers to purchase their goods or services rather than shopping at the stores. In Malaysia, the reputation and brand image of ZALORA has become the centre and the focus of society. It automatically raises a question among the marketers regarding the motives of the consumers in choosing ZALORA rather than other online shopping websites. This is due to the attractiveness of ZALORA that has led the consumers’ intention in purchasing or ordering the goods or services online. Therefore, it is vital to investigate and identify the factors that influence the consumers' purchasing behaviour as well as their intentions in shopping online at ZALORA. In order to fill the gap of this study, the data of 377 respondents were collected and analysed by using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) software version no.25. The findings show that the website designs of ZALORA have been portrayed as the main factor that has contributed to the purchasing behaviour of consumers for online shopping at ZALORA in comparison to other factors which were convenience, time saving and security.

Online video streaming is one of the channels of the current economic development of e-commerce. In this technology era, our lifestyle is gradually moving towards electronic development and the public use of e-commerce applications for their businesses. Online video streaming strategies, therefore, benefit marketers, and this is mainly due to their cost-effective properties. The main objective of this research is to investigate the influences of online video streaming on customers’ online purchase intention. Three independent variables include perceived credibility, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are used to study the influence of online video streaming on the consumers’ online purchase intention. A set of self-administered questionnaires was distributed to 215 respondents from three states in Malaysia which are Johor, Melaka and Selangor, who had the experience of online purchases that were affected by online video streaming. The collected data are then analysed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results of the analysis indicated that all three independent variables have a significant impact on consumers' online purchase intentions through online video streaming. In conclusion, this research is important to e-marketers in order to allow them to gain a better understanding of the online purchasing behaviour of their customers

Electronic (mobile) payment systems are an important aspect of e-commerce. However, few reviews highlight the most significant findings and challenges. In this article, we have prepared a bibliometric analysis to provide a statistical overview of previously published research papers on electronic (mobile) payment systems and user preferences, with a particular emphasis on their diverse techniques and analyses, as well as comprehensive and reliable directions to reveal evolutionary nuances and highlighting emerging areas in this specific research. This study reviewed 177 scientific papers published between 2001 and November 2021 in the Web of Science (WoS) database on the subjects of electronic payment systems (EPS) and mobile payment systems (MPS), payment interface (PI), technology acceptance model (TAM), payment frameworks (PF), and user preferences (UP). The amount of studies using the abovementioned topics (EPS, MPS, TAM, PF, and UP) increases annually. Spain, China, and Malaysia are the three main countries that actively participate, and their international academic partnership is relatively close. We have compiled a list of the most relevant publications, prolific authors, institutions, and leading research topics. The articles were used to evaluate bibliometric indicators, analyze research activity, investigate the subject’s evolution, and identify the most interconnected themes. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of existing thematic studies, with a notable rising trend showing the potential for future research in the field. The study provides a guideline for further research.

E-shopping is a form of electronic commerce used for business (B2B) and business (B2C) transactions. In Malaysia, it can be considered as infant and far from reaching its full potential. Millennials are the largest e-commerce buyers, with the age group consuming 54 percent of their goods online. Full time students recorded the highest smartphone users with 95.5%. Data collection was done by distributing self-designed questionnaires to 216 respondents. 95% of the questions are coming from the previous researchers done the similar topic and the raw data are being analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription. The findings revealed that the perceived benefit is the most significant factors that influence the students toward online shopping. In details, there is relationship between perceived benefit, ambassador, price offered and ease of use with the online purchasing behavior except for trust on the seller. In conclusion, e-commerce or e-shopping has become convenience and reliable option for the students to get particular needs. 90% of the respondents had experienced online shopping beforehand. The benefit from online shopping is it enable everyone to conduct the transaction with the access of the internet and mobile phone. It is recommended for future researcher to conduct physical distribution of questionnaire directly to the potential students to get more convincing audience and population. Last but not least, as a result, vendors have found a new approach to create value for customers and build relationships with them towards marketing mix strategy and obtain more customer with the advance strategy and approach.

This paper discusses the adoption factors of electronic wallet, more specifically Sarawak Pay in Kuching, Sarawak. The Sarawak Government has a very aggressive mandate in terms of digital transformation to boost the e-commerce industry in Sarawak. Propel with the effort of federal and state governments in encouraging a cashless and digital society, Kuching will foresee a rapid rise in the adoption of Sarawak Pay. This paper adopts and expands the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in addressing the adoption factors of Sarawak Pay. With a population of three quarter a million, it is vital to understand whether perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and reward play any significant roles in the adoption of Sarawak Pay. Data were collected from 204 respondents and the results were examined using partial least squares-structured equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk have significant impacts on Sarawak Pay adoption. As a result of the study, the understanding of existing theoretical literature on e-wallets in Malaysia will be enhanced.

Customer satisfaction is important in online shopping as online shopping has become a trend nowadays. Therefore, customer satisfaction is important so that we can improve customer satisfaction towards online shopping thus increase the growth of E- commerce in Malaysia. This study aims to examine the factors (Website Design, Delivery Service and Security) that affect customer satisfaction and their relationship between factors (Website Design, Delivery Service and Security) with customer satisfaction in online shopping in Kuching, Sarawak. Website Design, Delivery Service and Security are the three independent variables while customer satisfaction is the dependent variables in this study. A total of 300 electronic questionnaires through google from been collected and analysed by using the Descriptive Analysis and Inferential Analysis where Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regressions Analysis being employed to test the three-hypothesis developed in this study. In this study, all the three independent variables which included Website Design, Delivery Service and Security are significant and positive related to the customer satisfaction in online shopping in Kuching, Sarawak. Besides, among the three independent variables, Website Design is the most influential factors that affect customer satisfaction in online shopping in Kuching, Sarawak.

Innovation and technology have subsequently transformed banking industry’s way of delivering products and services to their customer. Mobile banking is an effective way of performing transaction as it can be performed anywhere and anytime. The evolution of banking experience is important to fulfil customers’ need and demand especially in highly competitive banking industry. Through mobile banking application, customer can express their satisfaction and dissatisfaction directly on the application store platform. The fulfilment of customer’s satisfaction is important to avoid customer attrition. This research focused on customer feedbacks towards six mobile banking application in Malaysia which is Maybank, Commerce International Merchant Bankers (CIMB), Public Bank, Hong Leong Bank, Rashid Hussein Bank (RHB) and AmBank. This research aims to identify keywords related to customer feedback towards mobile banking, classify the sentiment and evaluate the accuracy performance by using supervised machine learning algorithm of support vector machine (SVM) and naïve Bayes (NB). The result shows that linear SVM is the best model with the highest value in all accuracy, precision, recall, including F1-score with value 97.17%, 97.21%, 97.17% and 97.18% respectively. With this high accuracy value, this model would have better performance in analyzing the classification of customer feedback in mobile banking application.

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 3 &nbsp; Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, Iran Anca Gabriela Turtureanu, &ldquo;DANUBIUS&rdquo; University Galati, Romania Andrea Carosi, University of Sassari, Italy Anna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Ant&ocirc;nio Andr&eacute; Cunha Callado, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernmabuco, Brazil Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA Bruno Marsigalia, University of Casino and Southern Lazio, Italy Chokri Kooli, International Center for Basic Research applied, Paris, Canada Christopher Alozie, Tansian University, Nigeria Cristian Marian Barbu, &ldquo;ARTIFEX&rdquo; University, Romania Duminda Kuruppuarachchi, University of Otago, New Zealand Essia Ries Ahmed, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Federica Caboni, University of Cagliari, Italy Federica De Santis, University of Pisa, Italy Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania Foued Hamouda, Ecole Sup&eacute;rieure de Commerce, Tunisia Francesco Ciampi, Florence University, Italy Francesco Scalera, University of Bari &quot;Aldo Moro&quot;, Italy Gianluca Ginesti, University of Naples &ldquo;FEDERICO II&rdquo;, Italy Hillary Odor, University of Benin, Nigeria Ivana Tomic, IT Company CloudTech, Republic of Serbia Joanna Katarzyna Blach, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Joseph Lok-Man Lee, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Khaled Mokni, Northern Border University, Tunisia L. Leo Franklin, Bharathidasn University, India Ladislav Mura, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia Leow Hon Wei, SEGi University, Malaysia Manuel A. R. da Fonseca, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil Marcelino Jos&eacute; Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Maria do C&eacute;u Gaspar Alves, University of Beira Interior, Portugal Maria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome &ldquo;LA SAPIENZA&rdquo;, Italy Miriam Jankalov&aacute;, University of Zilina, Slovakia Mongi Arfaoui, University of Monastir, Tunisia Muath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USA Ozgur Demirtas, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey Pascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UK Prosper Senyo Koto, Dalhousie University, Canada Rafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, Australia Razana Juhaida Johari, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Riccardo Cimini, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Roberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, University Center Iesb, Brazil Sang- Bing Tsai, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China Sara Saggese, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Shun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Slavoljub M. Vujović, Economic Institute, Belgrade, Serbia Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq Valerija Botric, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Croatia Velia Gabriella Cenciarelli, University of Pisa, Italy Yan Lu, University of Central Florida, USA Yasmin Tahira, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, UAE

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 12Abedalqader Rababah, Arab Open University, OmanAhmad Mahmoud Ahmad Zamil, King Saud University RCC, JordanAlireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, IranAnca Gabriela Turtureanu, “DANUBIUS” University Galati, RomaniaAnna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, ItalyAntonella Petrillo, University of Napoli “Parthenope”, ItalyAshford C Chea, Benedict College, USAAtallah Ahmad Alhosban, Aqaba University of Technology, JordanBenjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, NigeriaCheng Jing, eBay, Inc. / University of Rochester, USAChuan Huat Ong, KDU Penang University College, MalaysiaCristian Marian Barbu, “ARTIFEX” University, RomaniaFederica De Santis, University of Pisa, ItalyFoued Hamouda, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, TunisiaFrancesco Ciampi, Florence University, ItalyFrancesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", ItalyGrzegorz Zasuwa, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, PolandGuillaume Marceau, University of Aix-Marseille, FranceHanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandHerald Monis, Milagres College, IndiaHongliang Qiu, Tourism College of Zhejiang, ChinaHung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaJanusz Wielki, University of Business in Wroclaw, PolandKherchi Ishak, University of Hassiba Ben Bouali De Chlef, AlgeriaLadislav Mura, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, SlovakiaMahdi Shadkam, University Technology Malaysia, MalaysiaManuela Rozalia Gabor, “Petru Maior” University of Tîrgu Mureş, RomaniaMaria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome “LA SAPIENZA”, ItalyMaria-Madela Abrudan, University of ORADEA, RomaniaMiriam Jankalová, University of Zilina, SlovakiaMiroslav Iordanov Mateev, American University, Dubai, UAEMithat Turhan, Mersin University, TurkeyModar Abdullatif, Middle East University, JordanMohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaMohamed Rochdi Keffala, University of Kairouan, TunisiaMongi Arfaoui, University of Monastir, TunisiaMuath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USAOnur Köprülü, Mersin University, TurkeyÖzcan IŞIK, Cumhuriyet University, TurkeyPascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UKRadoslav Jankal, University of Zilina, SlovakiaSang-Bing Tsai, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ChinaShun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongValeria Stefanelli, Università del Salento, Italy

This article discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on income and employment in the agricultural and food supply industries. Based on the background of the inaugural research method, this paper lays the research lens on a selection of contemporary issues including (i) the country’s dependence on imported rice supply, (ii) the impact of Covid-19 on the Malaysian palm oil and rubber sector, (iii) private involvement in improving the economy of the agricultural sector, (iv) the rise of agricultural e-commerce and the food industry, and (v) the industrial revolution of the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). Reflections on the discussion focused on the impact of the Movement Control Order implementation on the agricultural community consisting of smallholders and rural communities who generate income by selling agricultural produce were unable to market their agricultural produce as well as facing the risk of job loss. However, Covid-19 also has a positive impact, namely the increase in online agricultural trade (E-commerce) under the control of the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 and the Consumer Protection Act 1999. The direction of research and development in the agricultural sector with the collaboration of the private sector is very important as a factor in developing the country’s agricultural industry where the reduction of dependence on labour and instead increase the use of technology-intensive systems and environmentally friendly innovation.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang audit syariah dan perannya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan syariah di lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS). Penelitian ini juga menguraikan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh LKS dan solusi dalam mengimplementasikan audit syariah. Sebanyak 308 publikasi diperoleh dari database Google scholar, Emerald Insight, Research Gate, Crossref, Microsoft Academic and Pubmed yang diakses dengan perangkat lunak Publish or Perish (PoP) dalam kurun waktu 2008-2021. Studi ini menerapkan analisis bibliometrik menggunakan VOSviewer, yang mengubah metadata publikasi menjadi visualisasi sesuai dengan co-occurrence. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa audit syariah telah diterapkan di beberapa negara yang didominasi oleh Malaysia. Sebagian besar praktik audit syariah merupakan bagian dari fungsi audit internal. Audit syariah diidentifikasi sebagai mekanisme untuk memastikan kepatuhan syariah. Tantangan utama dalam pelaksanaan audit syariah antara lain: kurangnya kerangka dan standar audit syariah yang menyebabkan perselisihan di antara praktisi LKS, kurangnya auditor syariah yang berkualitas yang memiliki pengetahuan syariah yang memadai dan terlatih dengan baik, audit syariah dianggap menciptakan masalah inefisiensi. Peran komite tata kelola syariah dan dewan pengawas syariah direkomendasikan agar lebih optimal untuk memastikan efektivitas audit syariah. Penelitian ini memberikan pembahasan komprehensif tentang audit syariah, perannya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan syariah, tantangan dan solusi yang ditawarkan belajar dari berbagai negara. Kata Kunci: Audit syariah, kepatuhan syariah, lembaga keuangan syariah, bibliometrik. ABSTRACT This study aimed to map out previous studies on sharia auditing and its role in improving sharia compliance in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). It also outlined the challenges faced by IFIs and solutions in implementing shariah audit. A total of 308 publications were obtained from the Google scholar database, Emerald Insight, Research Gate, Crossref, Microsoft Academic and Pubmed which were accessed using the Publish or Perish (PoP) software in the 2008-2021 period. This study finds that sharia audits have been implemented in several countries, dominated by Malaysia. Most shariah audit practices are part from internal audit function of IFIs. Sharia audit is identified as a mechanism to assure shariah compliance. The main challenges in implementing sharia audit include: a lack of framework and standard of shariah audit that led to dispute among IFIs practitioners, a lack of qualified shariah auditors who have an adequate shariah knowledge and well trained , shariah audit identifed creating an efficiency issue. The role of the shariah governance committee and the shariah supervisory board may be optimized to ensure the effectiveness of shariah audit. 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ABSTRAK Strategi penghimpunan zakat infaq dan sedekah masa kini harus selaras dengan perkembangan teknologi dan perilaku masyarakat 5.0 (society 5.0), dimana Society 5.0 menciptakan masyarakat yang berbasis teknologi sehingga pembayaran zakat, infaq, dan sedekah non tunai harus memanfaatkan teknologi finansial seperti, mobile banking, ATM, QRIS, dompet digital maupun e-commerce. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu guna mengetahui besarnya penerimaan dan penggunaan layanan teknologi finansial dalam membayar Zakat, Infaq, dan Sedekah (ZIS) menggunakan ekstensi Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) dengan motivasi spiritual. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan sebanyak 129 responden yang berasal dari Kota Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, dan Pangandaran. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa muzakki dalam menerima dan menggunakan layanan teknologi keuangan untuk membayar ZIS secara non tunai dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kemudahan, persepsi kegunaan, sikap, dan intensi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar lembaga zakat dapat mengetahui penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi muzakki dalam menunaikan zakat non tunai sehingga dapat berinovasi dalam menyediakan layanan bagi muzakki maupun masyarakat yang akan membayar zakat non tunai. Kata Kunci: Zakat Non Tunai, Kesejahteraan Umum, Perilaku Mikroekonomi, Ekonomi Keuangan. ABSTRACT The strategy of collecting zakat infaq and alms today must be in line with technological developments and community behavior 5.0 (society 5.0), where Society 5.0 creates a technology-based society. ATM, QRIS, digital wallet, and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of acceptance and use of financial technology services in paying Zakat, Infaq, and Alms (ZIS) using the Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) extension with spiritual motivation. The research method used is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with 129 respondents taken from Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, and Pangandaran. This study found that muzakki in accepting and using financial technology services to pay ZIS non-cash were influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and intentions. However, the perceived usefulness does not affect the attitude of muzakki in paying non-cash ZIS, and indirectly the perceived usefulness does not affect the actual use of muzakki to pay ZIS. 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ABSTRAKTujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh kepercayaan dan citra website yang diintegrasikan dengan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan dan persepsi kebermanfaatan pada niatan seorang mahasiswa dalam membayar wakaf secara online, yang menjadikan penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya adalah penggunaan citra website sebagai determinan niatan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan layanan wakaf online ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode SEM-PLS serta melibatkan responden sebesar 100 responden dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling dengan kriteria seorang muslim usia 18-35 dan seorang mahasiswa. Software analisis untuk mengolah data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Smartpls 3.3, untuk data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner online menggunakan skala likert 1 sampai 5, dengan keterangan sangat setuju hingga tidak setuju. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan, citra website, kebermanfaatan aplikasi, dan kemudahan penggunaan berhubungan signifikan terhadap niat penggunaan wakaf online. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan tambahan pengetahuan terutama dalam ilmu pemasaran Islam terkait penggunaan behavioral intention dalam penggunaan layanan wakaf online, serta diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan masukan bagi manajemen lembaga donasi terutama nazir untuk lebih memperhatikan kemudahan penggunaan konsumen, manfaat yang dirasakan, kepercayaan lembaga, citra perusahaan serta niat dalam menggunakan layanan wakaf secara online.Kata kunci: Wakaf online, technology acceptance model, trust, image. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of trust and website image, which is integrated with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, on a student's intention to pay waqf online. What makes this research different from previous research is using website images to determine student intention in using this online waqf service. This study uses a quantitative approach with the SEM-PLS method and involves 100 respondents using purposive sampling with the criteria of a Muslim aged 18-35 and a student. The analysis software to process data in this study used Smartpls 3.3 for data obtained using an online questionnaire using a Likert scale of 1 to 5, with statements strongly agreeing to disagree. This study indicates that trust, website image, application usefulness, and ease of use are significantly related to the intention to use online waqf. The implications of the results of this study are expected to provide additional knowledge, especially in Islamic marketing related to the use of behavioral intention in the use of online waqf services. It is hoped that this research can provide input for the management of donation institutions, especially Nazir, to pay more attention to consumers' ease of use, perceived benefits, and institutional trust., corporate image and intention to use online waqf services.Keywords: online waqf, technology acceptance model, trust, image. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAbdul Shukor, S., Johari, F., Abd Wahab, K., Kefeli Zulkefli, Z., Ahmad, N., Haji Alias, M., Abdul Rahman, A., Mohd Orip, N. M., Ibrahim, P., & Abu-Hussin, M. F. (2019). Trust on awqaf institutions: evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(2), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2017-0054Ahn, J. chang, Sura, S., & An, J. C. (2018). Intention to donate via social network sites (SNSs): A comparison study between Malaysian and South Korean users. Information Technology and People, 31(4), 910–926. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-12-2015-0307Aldeen, K. N., Ratih, I. S., & Herianingrum, S. (2020). Contemporary issues on cash waqf: A thematic literature review. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 3(3), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.3236Alrubaiee, L. S., Aladwan, S., Abu Joma, M. H., Idris, W. M., & Khater, S. (2017). Relationship between corporate social responsibility and marketing performance: The mediating effect of customer value and corporate image. International Business Research, 10(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n2p104Bailey, A. A., Pentina, I., Mishra, A. S., & Ben Mimoun, M. S. (2017). Mobile payments adoption by US consumers: An extended TAM. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 45(6), 626–640. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2016-0144Berakon, I., Aji, H. M., & Hafizi, M. R. (2021). Impact of digital sharia banking systems on cash-waqf among Indonesian Muslim youth. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2020-0337Blagoeva, K. T., & Mijoska, M. (2017). 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ABSTRAK Sektor kosmetik halal saat ini dianggap sebagai sektor dengan potensi tertinggi secara global. Berkembangnya tren penggunaan kosmetik halal dipengaruhi oleh tren hijrah dan gaya hidup umat Muslim yang sadar dengan urgensi penggunaan produk halal. Ketersediaan produk kosmetik halal yang beragam di pasaran mendorong konsumen lebih diskriminatif dalam pemilihan merek kosmetiknya. Perusahaan perlu merumuskan strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar produknya dapat bertahan dan bersaing dengan kompetitor, salah satunya melalui rekomendasi atas suatu produk tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi konsumen untuk merekomendasikan produk kosmetik halal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan alat analisis SmartPLS 3. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dengan 180 sampel masyarakat di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa customer satisfaction, product quality, dan customer experience berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap intention to recommend produk kosmetik halal, sedangkan trust tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap intention to recommend produk kosmetik halal. Kata kunci: Kosmetik halal, customer satisfaction, trust, product quality, customer experience, intention to recommend. ABSTRACT The halal cosmetics sector is currently considered the sector with the highest potential in the world. The growing trend of using halal cosmetics is influenced by the migration trend and lifestyle of Muslims who are aware of the importance of using halal products. The presence of various halal cosmetic products on the market encourages consumers to be more selective in their choice of cosmetic brands. Companies need to formulate the right marketing strategy in order for their products to survive and compete with competitors, one of which is product-specific recommendations. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence consumers' intentions to recommend halal beauty products. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS 3 analysis tool. Primary data was obtained from a survey of 180 samples of people in the city of South Tangerang. The results of the study show that customer satisfaction, product quality, and customer experience have a positive and significant impact on the intention to recommend halal beauty products, while trust does not have a significant effect on the intention to recommend halal beauty products. Keywords: Halal cosmetics, customer satisfaction, trust, product quality, customer experience, intention to recommend. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abu Bakar, E., Rosslee, N. N., Mastura, A., Ariff, M., Othman, M., & Hashim, P. (2017). Consumers’ trust and values towards halal cosmetics and personal care products. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics. Adriyati, R., & Indriani, F. (2017). Pengaruh electronic word of mouth terhadap citra merek dan minat beli pada produk kosmetik wardah. Diponegoro Journal of Management, 6(4), 1–14. Ahmadi, A. (2019). Thai Airways: Key influencing factors on customers’ word of mouth. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 36(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-02-2018-0024 Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality and behavior. Open University Press. Al-Ansi, A., Olya, H. G. T., & Han, H. (2019). Effect of general risk on trust, satisfaction, and recommendation intention for halal food. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.017 Ali, F., Kim, W. G., Li, J., & Jeon, H. M. (2018). Make it delightful: Customers’ experience, satisfaction and loyalty in Malaysian theme parks. 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Introduction: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling (Nishijima Y et al 2006). Leptin, a polypeptide hormone has been classified as a cytokine (Zhang et al 1994). Earlier findings concluded that leptin at high local concentrations protects the host from inflammation and infection as well as maintaining bone levels. It has been also suggested that leptin plays a significant role in bone formation by its direct effect on osteoblasts (Alparslan et al 2010). This pilot study aimed to study leptin in saliva and its association with tooth movement during initial orthodontic alignment. Objectives: To determine if there are any differences in saliva leptin level before and after orthodontic alignment. Material and methods: Ten orthodontic patients (7 girls and 3 boys; mean age, 16.76 ± 1.1 years) with crowding (up to 5mm) that required orthodontic fixed appliances, on a non-extraction basis as part of the treatment plan, were recruited in this longitudinal study. Orthodontic study models were constructed at baseline and at 6- weeks after orthodontic treatment commenced. Full fixed orthodontic appliances with initial 0.014” Nickel Titanium archwire placed. The amount of crowding was measured, before and after initial alignment with an electronic digital caliper (Max-Cal, Japan Micrometer Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with an accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Unstimulated morning saliva sample were collected at all visits, after at least an 8-hour period of fasting and no-toothbrushing. After centrifugation (4000x g;10min), the samples were stored at -25C and tested using Leptin Abnova LEP Human ELISA kit (KA3080) which was subsequently analyzed. Subjects’ periodontal health status was also monitored throughout the study. Ethical approval (ID IREC 262) was received on 7th April 2014 from International Islamic University Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (IREC). Results: Leptin concentration in saliva was significantly decreased in a time-dependant manner (t(9)=8.60, p<0.001), from before orthodontic treatment (7016.45± 425.15 pg/mL) and 6 weeks after bond-up (4901.92± 238.64 pg/mL). Conclusion: Leptin concentration in saliva is decreased during orthodontic tooth movement in initial alignment stage.

Abstract This article examines the effectiveness of the Consumer Protection Act 1999 in ensuring that Malaysian consumers can make informed decisions and that their interests are adequately protected in modern electronic commerce (e-commerce) transactions. It first identifies the key elements required of a modern consumer protection framework and subsequently uses this model as a yardstick to assess the legal frameworks in two jurisdictions. The first jurisdiction is Malaysia, a common law country that, although considered a potentially important regional player in the development of e-commerce, has a relatively underdeveloped consumer protection framework. The second jurisdiction is England and Wales, which is likewise a common law jurisdiction but one whose consumer protection framework has been influenced by European Union consumer protection policy and legislation that has further provided the impetus for significant legal reform in both offline and online environments. This article examines the extent to which the laws in both jurisdictions provide appropriate protection, considering countervailing issues (eg, protection of commercial innovation and competition) and identifying potential gaps in provision (eg, inadequate regulation of new platforms or business methods). Based on these analyses, the article proposes an ‘evergreen’ consumer protection framework to improve the legal landscape of e-commerce in Malaysia.

This study examines the major barriers that prevent manufacturing companies in Malaysia from adopting e-commerce. The major barriers of e-commerce expansion were security of payment and uncertain nature of legal and regulatory frameworks. Also the empirical findings reveal that doing business over Internet involves high start-up cost. In fact it is costly to set-up business electronically, because so many technological appliances are involved. Computers are quite expensive to buy limited maintenance facility issue to take advantage of EC. This issue is really affecting small businesses. Therefore, in order to attract and motivate the adoption of EC, the government has to support this sector fully by providing bank loans or subsidiaries.

This paper aims to examine the future of marketing as it relates to one of the four categories of generalizations identified by Sheth and Sisodia (1999) in their paper, “Revisiting marketing’s lawlike generalizations.” The category to be discussed in depth will be location-centric concepts. As examples of application, case studies from a developing country, Malaysia will be featured and analysed. The paper is organised in the following structure. Firstly, the essay will provide a background of the development of location-centric marketing concepts, particularly in the area of marketing or distribution channels. Secondly, the essay will provide a background of the major force affecting location-centric marketing concepts, namely the Internet, particularly in the context of electronic commerce. Thirdly, the essay will examine the impact of the Internet on existing location-centric marketing concepts. In this section, the impact of electronic commerce on marketing or distribution channels will be the primary area to be discussed. Fourthly, the essay will present a couple of case studies of such an impact in a developing country, Malaysia. Finally, the essay will conclude with the lessons that can be learnt from the case studies. The conclusion will explore if new constructs with regards to marketing or distribution channels are created or old ones are altered due to the impact of electronic commerce.

The execution of businesses today has been significantly transformed by the Internet technology. Furthermore, in representing the electronic concepts and applications, a lot of terms have been introduced in signifying the revolution of processes and transactions associated with business. E-Business and e-Commerce are among these fairly new coined terms. In the context of Malaysia, the adoption of e-Business can be seen among diverse bodies including large organizations, and small, medium and micro enterprises. For a company, the implementation of e-Business would considerably alter its structure, culture, strategy, procedures and accountabilities as well, which can pose a significant challenge. Still, people remain keen in venturing into this novel concept of business. Accordingly, a mixed-method study was carried out to examine the e-Business prospect of home-based Malaysian micro sized businesses. Business and Homeworker business issues are reviewed, while preliminary study findings are reported in this study.

The current research gap on e-commerce is still relatively incomplete, with predictors in the research model still relatively weak in influence. The purpose of this research is to empirically test the role of the 'satisfaction' variable, whether it is able to fully mediate the relationship between predictors and e-commerce success variables. This research chose the location in the province of West Kalimantan, on the grounds that this province is one of three provinces in Indonesia which has a direct land border with a neighboring country (Malaysia). This research uses the WarpPLS 7.0 analysis tool, arguing that this research is more focused on exploring the 'satisfaction' variable which functions as a mediating variable to 'try' to cover the gaps of previous research. The results of this study found that the satisfaction variable has a significant influence in mediating the relationship between Website service quality, Customer Support System, Electronic Word of mouth and Personalization on E-Commerce success in MSMEs in West Kalimantan province. Consumer satisfaction in being an important factor for business managers, consumers who have high satisfaction will have a positive impact on MSMEs, so that the potential to increase sales turnover becomes bigger and better.

This study discusses about digital era marked by the advancement of knowledge and innovation in the field of Technology, Information and Communication (ICT) which has provided major changes to all aspects of life, especially in economy. ASEAN as a regional cooperation in the Southeast Asia region, currently as an emerging market in e-commerce competition, especially for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam (ASEAN-6). Based on this phenomenon, my research question is, how are ASEAN-6's efforts in facing of e-commerce liberalization in the digital era in line with the ASEAN framework (AEC Blueprint 2015 & 2025, ASEAN ICT Masterplan and ASEAN Digital Integration). This research use the theory of trade liberalization, the concept of economic integration and the concept of digital economics to be able to examine the phenomenon of e-commerce liberalization in ASEAN-6. The various literature reviewed by the author shows that the growth of e-commerce is influenced by four factors, namely: 1) internet infrastructure; 2) electronic payment system; 3) shipping services that has a wide coverage; 4) government policy framework in each ASEAN-6 country. In addition, there are several obstacles found including: 1) the geographical location of each ASEAN-6 country that affects the process of developing the internet infrastructure; 2) issues of personal data protection and cyber security related to electronic payment systems; 3) effectiveness and efficiency of the existence of shipping services, especially shipping between countries; and 4) policy discrepancies between countries. This study concludes that as a regional organization in Southeast Asia, ASEAN continues to strive to harmonize regulations among member countries, form a framework of cooperation and other agendas to be able to harmonize the development of ICT, especially the growth of e-commerce. The fundamental difference from this study with previous studies is that there have been no studies that examine e-commerce liberalization in the ASEAN region, so the author tries to collaborate on several facts related to the growth of e-commerce liberalization in ASEAN-6 Keywords: ASEAN, e-commerce, digital economy, economic integration

The research explores permission-based electronic mail (e-mail) factors. Permission-based e-mail refers to recipients who had previously agreed to receive advertisements or messages sent via an e-mail from a company. These factors are conceptualized as recipients’ intention to open, read, click and forward e-mails. The research uses the survey research approach. The target sample was 160 post-graduate students of a business school at a leading institution of higher learning in Malaysia. Data analysis for the research was performed using SPSS Version 21. The usable number of responses was, however, 145. The results shed light into permission-based e-mail factors from a recipient’s perspective. A recipient who intends to open an e-mail has the intention to read it, click a link on it and forward it. Notably, this is driven by a specific combination of factors in an e-mail that is important from a recipient’s perspective. Implications for theory and practice are discussed herein. Keywords: Permission-based e-mail, internet marketing, electronic commerce, permission marketing.