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Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic circuits development'
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1
Lei, Chi Un, K. L. Man, Eng Gee Lim, Nan Zhang, and Kai Yu Wan. "Development of a Reliability Course for Emerging Circuits and Systems." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1922–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1922.
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This paper presents a curriculum design of a course about reliability of circuits and systems. Contents in the learning modules include failure mechanisms of electronics, reliability for electronic components and circuit systems and simulation for circuit reliability. Through learning modules, students can learn concepts about reliability in circuits and systems, as well as develop awareness to design a reliable circuit system.
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Pandiev, Ivailo Milanov. "Development of Two-Stage Quartz-Crystal Oscillators Using Monolithic Four-Terminal CFOAs." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193027.
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In this article, based on the well-known circuits of two-stage quartz-crystal oscillators, three electronic circuits with a small number of external components are presented. For the proposed circuit configurations, the active elements are composed of monolithic current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) with access to terminal z, between the first stage (positive second-generation current conveyor (CCII)) and the second stage (output buffer). In this way, the output signal for the developed circuits is obtained after the output buffer of the second CFOA, thereby providing a minimal effect on the resonant circuit of the oscillators. Based on a theoretical analysis of the operational principle for the proposed circuits, the linear characteristic equations and the related self-oscillation conditions are obtained. Moreover, the frequency stability coefficients are determined, which can be obtained with larger values compared to the coefficients of the known discrete transistor circuits. To verify the operability and efficiency of the proposed oscillator circuits, experimental results obtained from sample electronic circuits are presented, which confirm the analyses performed in the frequency range up to about 10 MHz.
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Kim, TaeWoong, and SoYoung Kim. "Electronic design automation requirements for R2R printing foundry." Flexible and Printed Electronics 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac4d3d.
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Abstract Roll-to-roll (R2R) printed electronic devices have been in the spotlight over the decades as a potential replacement for Si-based semiconductors, research into this technology is still being actively conducted over the world. These printed electronic devices can be used in a variety of applications, so the demand for them is expected to reach over USD 20.7 billion in 2025 given a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5%. As the new ink materials and printing technologies being researched are commercialized, foundry companies that produce printed electronics need to provide appropriate work flow that will allow engineers to design these kind of circuits using commercial electronic design automation (EDA) tools. This review paper describes the key parameters that should be found process design kit (PDK), including the contained design rules and the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis model. We cover the factors that need to be considered when a fabless company develops circuits for the R2R process, including the design methodology from the beginning of the design to the final graphic data stream (GDS) completion stage, we also discuss other essential technological hurdles that must be overcome in this process. The overall process of design and analysis for printed electronic technique is based on the silicon design flow. We describe the full custom design flow for analog integrated circuits (ICs) and explain how the automatic placement and routing based design of digital integrated circuits can be carried out. In addition, the necessity of sign-off verification using post-simulation, electromagnetic (EM) simulation and bias check simulation required for commercial product development will be explained. The development of PDKs and EDA tools for circuit design in the R2R printed electronics foundry industry will have a potentially tremendous impact on the semiconductor ecosystem by lowering the barriers to producing these devices.
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Chong, Peng Lean, Silvia Ganesan, Poh Kiat Ng, and Feng Yuan Kong. "A TRIZ-Adopted Development of a Compact Experimental Board for the Teaching and Learning of Operational Amplifier with Multiple Circuit Configurations." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114115.
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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are generally used for actualizing simple and complex electronic circuits in the subject of analogue electronics. In an effort to improve the teaching of op-amps in electronics engineering curricula, op-amp circuits in various configurations are often used for experiments in laboratory sessions so that students can acquire certain psychomotor and cognitive skills by constructing circuit connections and analyzing input–output waveforms. As a result, multiple configurations of operational amplifier circuits are often needed, requiring multiple sets of experimental boards or circuits for each experiment. This is usually not cost effective, requires more consumable electronic components, requires more maintenance and storage space in facilities, and is less user friendly for the students. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design a single, compact, and easy-to-replicate experimental board that can be converted into multiple configurations of the LM741 operational amplifier, comprising an inverting amplifier, a noninverting amplifier, a voltage follower, a summing amplifier, a differential amplifier, a differentiator, and an integrator, with minimal electronic components at a cost lower than EUR 10. The experimental board was tested with a constant input voltage of 1.0 V AC and a switching frequency of 1.0 kHz. It is capable of producing an output voltage corresponding to the individual operational amplifier configurations and can thus be used as a facilitating module for teaching and learning activities in the field of analogue electronics.
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Kostić, Miloš, Vladimir Kojić, Savo Ičagić, Peter Andersson Ersman, Mohammad Yusuf Mulla, Jan Strandberg, Lars Herlogsson, Thierry Keller, and Matija Štrbac. "Design and Development of OECT Logic Circuits for Electrical Stimulation Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083985.
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This paper presents the first successful implementation of fully printed electronics for flexible and wearable smart multi-pad stimulation electrodes intended for use in medical, sports and lifestyle applications. The smart multi-pad electrodes with the electronic circuits based on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based electronic circuits comprising the 3–8 decoder for active pad selection and high current throughput transistors for switching were produced by multi-layer screen printing. Devices with different architectures of switching transistors were tested in relevant conditions for electrical stimulation applications. An automated testbed with a configurable stimulation source and an adjustable human model equivalent circuit was developed for this purpose. Three of the proposed architectures successfully routed electrical currents of up to 15 mA at an output voltage of 30 V, while one was reliably performing even at 40 V. The presented results demonstrate feasibility of the concept in a range of conditions relevant to several applications of electrical stimulation.
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Fan, JiSheng, and Wei Yuan. "Review of parametric fault prediction methods for power electronic circuits." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2021): 042002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac340b.
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Abstract Power electronic circuits are widely used in rail transit, new energy power generation, aerospace and other fields. Therefore, stable and safe operation of power electronic circuits have a great impact on the reliability of the entire electrical system. Failures of majority of the power electronic circuits are not caused by sudden breakdown, but gradually degenerate in the process of operation until their functions are completely lost. It is necessary to carry out accurate health assessment and fault prediction for power electronic circuits. According to different research objects, fault prediction methods of power electronic circuits are divided into two categories: component-level fault prediction methods and circuit-level fault prediction methods. For each type of method, the specific principle and workflow are described in detail, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Finally, the research difficulties and the future development directions of fault prediction methods for power electronic circuits are pointed out.
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Sun, Junwei, Qinfei Yang, and Yanfeng Wang. "Memristive Circuit Design of Five-Person Voter Based on Memristor Ratioed Logic." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2895.
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Conventional CMOS-based logic circuits are approaching their limits when it comes to speed and energy consumption, so the development of new electronic components becomes critical. Memristor is a nano-structured special electronic device with the advantages of simple structure, low power consumption and easy integration. This invention supplys a new method for developing complex logic circuits. This article mainly presents the design of a five-person voter circuit. The OR/AND logic can be accomplished by varying the polarity of two parallel memristors. On the basis of the two logic circuits, adder and comparator are constructed. Further, based on the adder and comparator, a five-person voter is implemented. The correctness and rationality of the five-person voter based on MRL are confirmed via logistical analysis and simulation. Compared with the traditional logic circuits, the logic circuit designed in this paper has advantages in area cost. The realization of the five-person voter circuit further proves that the logic circuit based on memristor can be cascaded. The research results are expected to build more complex circuits, which may provide a reference for the design of other practical circuits.
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Yagodkin, A., V. Zolnikov, Tatyana Skvortsova, A. Achkasov, Sergey Kuznecov, and F. Makarenko. "Development of algorithms and programs for the analysis of electrical characteristics BIS." Modeling of systems and processes 15, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-136-148.
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Modern mathematical models for automatic analysis of electrical characteristics of integrated circuits are considered. The requirements for the analysis programs are formulated. A comparative analysis of machine methods for calculating integrated circuits is carried out in terms of their accuracy, RAM volumes and calculation time. The features of the development of modern automation tools for designing integrated circuits are considered. One of the main tasks of designing an integrated circuit is a schematic analysis, which must be carried out both at the preliminary stage and after the development of the integrated circuit topology. However, it is possible to identify the main re-quirements that a modern analysis program must meet: reliability - stable calculation of a wide class of electronic circuits, obtaining solutions even for poorly conditioned tasks; high performance - this requirement is especially important when calculating BIS, in tasks of multivariate analysis, such as statistical analysis, and optimization; low costs of machine memory and expansion of the maximum permissible complexity of the analyzed circuits; flexibility, the possibility of making changes to the program, in particular, the replacement of mathematical models of circuit components, the introduction of new models, the improvement of the computational algorithm, the inclusion of the pro-gram in more complex programs, etc.; the availability of convenient input and output of initial information.
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Sekitani, Tsuyoshi. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Ultra-Thin Organic Integrated Circuits Enabling Bio-Signal Monitoring." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 10 (July 7, 2022): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0110799mtgabs.
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Digital technology has permeated our society, and a wide variety of electronic devices are now in use. In particular, the development of electronic devices for biometric measurements, such as wearable electronics, has been remarkable, and coupled with research and development of high-speed communication and artificial intelligence (AI), many social implementations are being presented. Our group has been conducting research and development on flexible and stretchable electronic systems, which are flexible, soft like rubber, and lightweight, by integrating functional organic nano-materials. In this research activity, our flexible and stretchable electronics have obtained certification for medical devices and are promoting the development of new electronics for use in medical institutions. In this presentation, I would like to introduce our recent activities on the flexible and stretchable electronics utilizing the nanoscience and technology, and developed low-noise and ultra-flexible systems for measuring biological action potentials (electroencephalogram; EEG and electrocardiogram ; ECG).
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Hanini, Wasma, Sami Mahfoudhi, and Moez Ayadi. "Development of Electrothermal Models for Electrical Traction." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13020039.
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In this paper, improved electrothermal models of the power diode and IGBT have been developed. The main local physical effects have been considered. The proposed models are able to deal with electrical and thermal effects. The models were confirmed by comparison with other models having similar characteristics for different circuits and different temperatures. The developed models are implemented in a traction unit to study the electrothermal performance in an electric vehicle system. The models were implemented in the Pspice circuit simulation platform using standard Pspice components and analog behavior modeling (ABM) blocks. The switching performance of the diode and the IGBT have been studied under the influence of different circuit elements in order to study and estimate the on-state and switching losses pre-required for the design of various topologies of converters and inverters. The comparison shows that these models are simple, configurable with the electrical circuit simulator software. They are better able to predict the main circuit parameters needed for power electronics design. Transient thermal responses have been demonstrated for single pulse and repetition modes. The obtained results show that our model is suitable for a fully electrothermal use of power electronic circuit simulations.
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Muchlas, Muchlas, and Pramudita Budiastuti. "Development of Learning Devices of Basic Electronic Virtual Laboratory Based on PSPICE Software." Journal of Vocational Education Studies 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/joves.v3i1.2085.
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The availability of modules to support basic electronic practices based on virtual laboratories has not yet met the needs. The purpose of this development research is to produce basic electronic practice learning devices based on the PSPICE application program. The development procedure uses ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). ADDIE is used to direct the design process as specified. Product performance was tested using ongoing formative evaluation. The product feasibility test uses a comparative analysis of the results of the PSPICE experiment against the theory. The results show that all modules developed can display the same characteristics as their theoretical character. The results show that the modules have very good performance. Modules are suitable for use as a medium for basic electronic practice using PSPICE-based virtual laboratories. The products are in the form of electronic circuits with 31 schematic PSPICE formats. Product results to support basic electronic practices covering topics: capacitor filling and discharging, RC circuits, diode characteristics, wave forming circuits, rectifier circuits, voltage clamp, voltage circuits, transistor characteristics, and amplifier transistor.
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Huang, Chun, Xinya Zhang, Panlong Li, Junwei Sun, Xuncai Zhang, and Yanfeng Wang. "Design of Sixteen-Input Priority Encoder with DNA Nano Switches." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3281.
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With the application of DNA computing in more and more fields, the tasks are becoming more and more complex, and the scale of DNA circuits is gradually increasing. However, the current investigation of largescale circuits of DNA molecules is still a challenge. So it is crucial to optimize the performance of large-scale DNA circuits. In this paper, a large-scale digital logic circuit 16-Input-5-Output Priority Encoder is realized by using the DNA nano switches for the first time. The simulation of the 16-Input-5-Output Priority Encoder circuit shows that this method solves the problems of NOT gate instability and optimizes the DNA circuit in terms of reaction time, circuit complexity, and experimental difficulty. This paper proves the feasibility and superiority of using DNA nano switches to realize large-scale circuits, provides a new idea for realizing large-scale DNA circuits, and brings new development for the application of DNA circuits in biosensor, DNA complex computing and other fields.
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Mizutani, Takao, Kenjiro Kimura, Yutaro Nishimura, Hideaki Okada, Takamasa Sato, Seiju Matsuda, Akari Inagaki, Shogo Suzuki, Yuki Mima, and Noriaki Kimura. "Development of Subsurface Magnetic Field Imaging System for Visualizing Electric Current Distribution inside Electronic Components and Storage Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012243mtgabs.
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Recently, miniaturization and three-dimensional integration for improving the performance of electric devices have been accelerated, and smaller storage batteries with higher energy density and shrinked electric components have been more required. Therefore, failure analysis technologies targeted for these cutting-edged devices should be developed for increasing production yields and reducing product accidents. In mass production processes, pre-shipment inspections are performed on the core parts of electronic devices. In the case of electronic parts, energization check is adopted, and in the case of storage batteries, voltage drop, that is called to be an aging test, is checked. However, many cases have been reported in which products, that have passed the inspection, cause accidents. One of the typical causes of failures related about electronic components is internal electric-short caused by foreign matters mixed into the insulation or whiskers accidentally generated from the electrodes and wiring. Similarly, storage batteries also accidentally have internal short circuits due to foreign matter contaminations and dendrite formation at the electrodes. The internal short-circuited points of electronic components and storage batteries are identified by X-ray imaging method. However, it is difficult to acquire the contrast due to the lack of the dynamic range required for visualization of short-circuited parts because the wirings and insulation areas between electrodes have been significantly miniaturized. In addition, short circuits between wirings on the surface of electronic circuit boards have been visualized by thermography, although it is difficult to apply electronic components with multi-layered electrodes. Then we have focused on the relationship between the electric current distribution inside the devices and the magnetic field generated from it and spread toward outside, we have succeeded in deriving the analysis solution of the inverse problem for the first time. Combining this novel theory and a highly-sensitive magnetic field detection based on quantum effect, we have developed a subsurface electric current imaging system capable of detecting electric short-circuited points in the deep region. In this study, we discuss about the details of the theory about the analytical solution of the inverse problem and the visualization system, and show some results of failure analysis for actual electronic components and storage batteries. [1] Yuki Mima, Noriaki Oyabu, Takeshi Inao, Noriaki Kimura, Kenjiro Kimura, “Failure analysis of electric circuit board by high resolution magnetic field microscopy” Proceedings of IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan, pp.257-260, 2013. [2] Kenjiro Kimura, Yuki Mima, Noriaki Kimura, “Local electric current reconstruction theory for nondestructive inspection inside battery cell using magnetic field measurement”, Subsurface Imaging Science & Technology, 1, 1, pp.1-16, 2017. [3] Shogo Suzuki, Hideaki Okada, Kai Yabumoto, Seiju Matsuda, Yuki Mima, Noriaki Kimura, and Kenjiro Kimura, “Non-destructive visualization of short circuits in lithium-ion batteries by a magnetic field imaging system”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 60, No 5, pp.056502-1-4, 2021.
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Merken, Patrick, Tim Souverijns, Jan Putzeys, Ybe Creten, and Chris Van Hoof. "Flight Qualification and Circuit Development of Sensor Front-End Electronics for PACS/Hershel at Liquid Helium Temperature." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-4.4.130.
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In the framework of the development of the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory (HSO), IMEC designed the cold-readout electronics (CRE) for the PACS instrument. Key specifications for this circuit were high linearity, low power consumption, high uniformity, and very low noise at an operating temperature of 4.2K (liquid helium temperature, LHT). To ensure high production yields and uniformity, relatively easy availability of the technology, and portability of the design, the circuit was implemented in a standard CMOS technology. The circuits are functional at room temperature, which allows screening prior to integration and qualification and has an important impact on the production yield and time. The circuit was mounted on an Al2O3 substrate for optimum electrical performance. On the same substrate, bias signal generation, short-circuit protection circuitry, and decoupling capacitors for the power lines were integrated. This led to a relatively complex substrate containing over 30 passives and one die, integrated by means of conducting and nonconducting glue and nearly 80 wire bonds. Because the detector arrays will be cooled down to 4.2K prior to launch, reliability and launch-survivability of the mounted substrate at this temperature and in this harsh environment had to be demonstrated. For this purpose, the quality and associated reliability of every assembly step is verified during substrate mounting. This included verification of the compatibility of the bond material, optimization of the bond yield, and temperature cycling (between room temperature and LHT) of the devices. Other tests on qualification models would focus on circuit functionality under proton and gamma irradiation, cryogenic vibration tests to demonstrate launch survivability, and exhaustive temperature cycling to qualify the assembly procedure. We present in this paper the complete integration and qualification of the developed circuits, including assembly and verification during production of the flight models and qualification of the assembly method on the qualification models.
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Wolfe, Matthew, Bryan McCauley, and Joyati Debnath. "An algorithmic development to minimize crossings in electronic circuits." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 11, s1 (August 2, 2011): S149—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-2011-0385.
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WANG, SHIU-PING, SENG-KIN LAO, HSIEN-KENG CHEN, JUHN-HORNG CHEN, and SHIH-YAO CHEN. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRACTIONAL-ORDER CHEN–LEE SYSTEM BY ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 23, no. 02 (February 2013): 1350030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127413500302.
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In recent years, there has been expanding research on the applications of fractional calculus to the areas of signal processing, modeling and controls. Analog circuit implementation of chaotic systems is used in studying nonlinear dynamical phenomena, which is also applied in realizing the controller development. In this paper, chain fractance and tree fractance circuits are constructed to realize the fractional-order Chen–Lee system. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from numerical simulation. This study shows that not only is this system related to gyro motion but can also be applied to electronic circuits for secure communication.
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Gridin, V. N., V. I. Anisimov, and S. A. Vasilev. "Methods for Calculating Transients in Large Electronic Circuits Based on Diacoptics." Informacionnye Tehnologii 27, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/it.27.575-581.
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The article deals with the method of constructing mathematical and software for modeling transients in large electronic circuits based on the decomposition of the original circuit into a number of subcircuits, followed by the calculation of the circuit in parts by diacoptics methods. The practical implementation of the proposed method allows you to significantly increase the performance of the software, reduce the cost of the required RAM and increase the speed of solving the problem of calculating transients, which is especially important in the development of distributed automation systems for circuit design due to the reduced time of dialog interaction between the system and the Internet.
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Toni, Toni, Muh Wildan, Sabdo Purnomo, Eriyandi Eriyandi, and Ika Endrawijaya. "Workshop Perakitan Audio Amplifier Guna Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bidang Elektronika Werga Desa Serdang Kulon, Kec. Panongan, Kab. Tangerang." Pengmasku 3, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54957/pengmasku.v3i1.327.
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Changes and developments in the times of society are required to be able to keep abreast of technological advances. The development in the field of electronics technology certainly requires human resources who have competence in accordance with the needs of society and industry., the results of observations carried out on the Serdang Kulon village, there are still many community members who do not understand the field of electronics so it is very necessary to carry out community service activities the community in that location. In this community service activity, several things were carried out which were expected to be a solution to problems in the village of Serdang Kulon, namely the Audio Amplifier Assembly Workshop to Improve the Electronics Skills of the Residents of Serdang Kulon Village, Panongan District, Tangerang Regency. With activity material: basic electronics theory (basic electronic components, basic electrical science, electronic circuits) , soldering practice, assembling series and parallel LED circuits, assembling LED blinking circuits, assembling automatic light sensor circuits and assembling audio amplifiers. The implementation of PKM activities involves Lecturers and Cadets and stakeholders as a form of Higher Education Dharma. In addition, this activity is also a field experience and direct learning media for students/cadets.
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Zhang, Wei. "Quantitative Analysis for Near-Field Characteristics of Converter Circuits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.858.
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With the electric power industrial development, electric power device was abroad using as the core of switch converter. For a clear near-field characterization quantitative electromagnetic interference of converter circuits, this paper applied finite element method to analyze a Boost circuit. Transform topology structure of circuit and build corresponding entity finite element modeling. Quantitative analysis for different topology structure electromagnetic distributing and near-field characteristics, and it become clear that the distribution and the role of electromagnetic field of the circuit through the results. The objective of the analysis is to provide the principle and put a new way for the Layout and component design of the power electronic circuits, at the same time above research works make a foundation for further studying EMI problem of the power electronic devices and are of academically and application worthiness.
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Zamtinah, I. Mustaqim, and HS Pramono. "Utilization of Electronic Waste for Energy-saving Lamp Circuits." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2111, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2111/1/012021.
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Abstract Indonesia is one of the largest electronic consumer countries in the world. The negative impact unless the increase in the use of electrical energy, there is also an increase in electronic waste or e-waste. If electronic waste (e-waste) is not managed properly, it will cause its own problems, especially environmental health problems. One alternative to overcome these problems is the use of e-waste as a raw material for a series of Waste-Based Energy Saving Lamps, abbreviated as SLHE BBL. This study aims to develop SLHE BBL prototypes base on electric and electronics waste, and test the performance of SLHE BBL prototypes. The SLHE BBL method developed by research and development adapted from Borg & Gall with the following stages: First, needs analysis and product planning; Second: Initial product development, validation and initial product revision. Third: Product development, testing, product revision. Fourth: Finalization dan Dissemination. The research instrument consisted of an observation sheet, luxmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter, watt meter. The collected data was then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results of the research are as follows: 1) waste that can be recycled into raw materials for SLHE BBL include: resistors, capacitors, LED lights on computer mice or electronic component indicators, used goods casings, adapters, diodes, cables, TV’s control remote; 2) Electrical and mechanical design of SLHE BBL can be assembled into prototype of SLHE BBL; 3) The performance of the SLHE BBL prototype is that the lamp can be adjusted in colour and light intensity; the measured electrical parameters are within the range in accordance with the provisions of electrical standards such as Perasyaratan Umum Instalasi Lstrik (PUIL), International Electrical Commisionin (IEC), or National Electrical Code (NEC)
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Chen, William, Ka Wai Eric Cheng, and Jianwei Shao. "Circuit Topology Analysis for LED Lighting and its Formulation Development." Energies 12, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 4203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214203.
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Light emitted diode (LED) is becoming more popular in the illumination field, and the design of LED lighting is generally made to provide illumination at lower power usage, helping save energy. A power electronic converter is needed to provide the power conversion for these LEDs to meet high efficiency, reduce components, and have low voltage ripple magnitude. The power supply for LED is revisited in this paper. The LEDs connected in series with diode, transistor, or inductor paths are examined. The formulation for each of the cases is described, including the classical converters of buck, boost, buck–boost, and Ćuk. The circuit reductions of the classic circuit, circuit without the capacitor, and without a freewheeling diode are studied. Using LED to replace freewheeling diodes is proposed for circuit component reduction. General equations for different connection paths have been developed. The efficiency and output ripple amplitude of the proposed power converters are investigated. Analytical study shows that the efficiency of proposed circuits can be high and voltage ripple magnitude of proposed circuits can be low. The results show that the proposed circuit topologies can be easily adapted to design LED lighting, which can meet the criteria of high efficiency, minimum components, and low-voltage ripple magnitude at the same time.
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Dieste-Velasco, M. Isabel. "Application of a Pattern-Recognition Neural Network for Detecting Analog Electronic Circuit Faults." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243247.
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In this study, machine learning techniques based on the development of a pattern–recognition neural network were used for fault diagnosis in an analog electronic circuit to detect the individual hard faults (open circuits and short circuits) that may arise in a circuit. The ability to determine faults in the circuit was analyzed through the availability of a small number of measurements in the circuit, as test points are generally not accessible for verifying the behavior of all the components of an electronic circuit. It was shown that, despite the existence of a small number of measurements in the circuit that characterize the existing faults, the network based on pattern-recognition functioned adequately for the detection and classification of the hard faults. In addition, once the neural network has been trained, it can be used to analyze the behavior of the circuit versus variations in its components, with a wider range than that used to develop the neural network, in order to analyze the ability of the ANN to predict situations different from those used to train the ANN and to extract valuable information that may explain the behavior of the circuit.
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Zhu, Yourun, Senlin Ren, and Xiaolong Li. "Novel High-Efficiency Nanocomposite Gate Design of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Based on Deep Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9596165.
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With the development of science and technology, the feature size of CMOS devices will always shrink to the limit. Therefore, some new nanodevices will eventually become substitutes for microelectronic devices. A new electronic revolution will break out. Nanoscience and technology is the high-tech frontier technology of the century and one of the main contents of scientific development in the new era. Its development will have a profound impact on other disciplines, industries, and society. Nanoelectronics is an important part of the discipline of nanoscience and technology, which represents the development trend of microelectronics and will become the foundation of the next generation of electronic science and technology. With the development of ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, the feature size of electronic devices is getting smaller and smaller and has entered the nanoscale from the microscale. When the size of the system is small enough to be compared with the wavelength of electrons, the quantum effect becomes the dominant current-carrying main factor in child behavior. While these new phenomena and new effects bring challenges to the original semiconductor devices, they also provide opportunities for the development of new devices. Evolutionary circuit design is based on cellular neural network and quantum-dot cells, designs combinational logic circuits through the evolutionary algorithm, uses the logic gate based on cellular neural network design as the population gene of evolutionary circuit design, enriches the diversity of the population, and improves the evolutionary algorithm at the same time, the success rate of the improved genetic algorithm for evolutionary circuits has been greatly improved, and the failure rate has been reduced from 14% to 2%, obtaining a faster evolution speed and improving the performance of the evolution circuit.
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FRITZ, KARL E., BARBARA A. RANDALL, GREGG J. FOKKEN, MICHAEL J. DEGERSTROM, MICHAEL J. LORSUNG, JASON F. PRAIRIE, ERIC L. H. AMUNDSEN, et al. "HIGH-SPEED, LOW-POWER DIGITAL AND ANALOG CIRCUITS IMPLEMENTED IN IBM SiGe BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 13, no. 01 (March 2003): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156403001582.
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Under the auspices of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's Microsystems Technology Office (DARPA/MTO) Low Power Electronics Program, the Mayo Foundation Special Purpose Processor Development Group is exploring ways to reduce circuit power consumption, while maintaining or increasing functionality, for existing military systems. Applications presently being studied include all-digital radar receivers, electronic warfare receivers, and other types of digital signal processors. One of the integrated circuit technologies currently under investigation to support such military systems is the IBM Corporation silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process. In this paper, design methodology, simulations and test results from demonstration circuits developed for these applications and implemented in the IBM SiGe BiCMOS 5HP (50 GHz fT HBTs with 0.5 μm CMOS) and 7HP (120 GHz fT HBTs with 0.18 μm CMOS) technologies will be presented.
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MUJAL, JORDI, ELOI RAMON, and JORDI CARRABINA. "METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS FOR INKJET PROCESS ABSTRACTION FOR THE DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE AND ORGANIC ELECTRONICS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 04 (December 2011): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411007082.
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Inkjet printing is a promising and challenging technique that could potentially revolutionize large area and organic electronics fabrication. Inkjet systems are designed to construct devices and circuits drop by drop, which would lead to a new paradigm in electronics fabrication. However, inkjet technology for Printed Electronics is still under development and several challenges remain. While there is significant progress being made in the development of electronic devices, such as transistors or sensors, there is a lack of work on circuit and system level design. Designing devices and circuits implies a wide knowledge of process aspects, requiring a complex interaction among concepts, tools and processes coming from different science and engineering disciplines. An explicit methodology is needed to separate design from fabrication in a similar way as in silicon design, to design devices and systems without a deep knowledge of process and materials; thus making it possible to open up inkjet technology to a larger community and undergo more rapid design implementations. In this paper we present the main aspects of such a methodology and we discuss the key topics on inkjet technology that allow us to propose these new specific steps.
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Kim, Sungmin. "Development of a computer-aided design software for smart garments." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a computer-aided design software for smart garments. Design/methodology/approach A circuit design software with graphical user interface and an automatic Arduino code generator has been developed. Findings Complex circuit design for smart garment can be performed using an intuitive graphical user interface. Sophisticated C codes for activating the smart garment can be generated without in-depth knowledge of C language and electronic devices. Research limitations/implications Circuit wiring is performed manually. Further work will be focused on the generation of an algorithm that can find the overlap-free design of complex circuit. Practical implications Smart garments with complex functions are expected to be designed more easily without in-depth knowledge of electronic circuits and computer programming. Social implications Researchers of smart garment will be able to concentrate on the actual function of smart garments rather than coding the complex C programs. Originality/value This is the first computer-aided smart garment design software that can not only design the circuit but also generate the computer codes.
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Clark, T. D. "Macroscopic quantum circuits and the development of new electronic technologies." Physica B: Condensed Matter 169, no. 1-4 (February 1991): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(91)90257-f.
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Li, Ji-Xiang, Yan-Feng Wang, and Jun-Wei Sun. "Odd Judgment Circuit of Four Inputs Based on DNA Strand Displacement." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2718.
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In the development of electronic technology integrated circuits, researchers focus on new calculation methods and new calculation models. The alternative technology of DNA strands is the rapid development of existed biotechnological methods for calculating new types of faster growth. In addition, a new idea for the odd judgment logic circuit based on DNA strand displacement reaction technology is proposed to solve practical problems in mathematics, and which is widely used for those various logic circuits and computing systems to acquire important roles in biological computers. The operational design of the decision circuit is also essential for the logical computing of biological computers. The odd-numbered decision circuit represents the input and output signals during the design process, and that is designed to have the number of single-chain structures of four input signals and one output signal. Finally, the molecular logic circuit is formed by using a primary seesaw circuit. From the simulation results about the dual-rail logic circuit design and the present invention, the idea of using an alternative technology is derived, and the logic circuit deserves a very reliable design. It is a good technical support and a good theoretical basis provided for the future development of biological computers through the odd judgment logic circuit.
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ALLES, M. L., L. W. MASSENGILL, R. D. SCHRIMPF, R. A. WELLER, and K. F. GALLOWAY. "SINGLE EVENT EFFECTS IN THE NANO ERA." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 04 (December 2008): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005795.
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Scaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies to the sub-100 nm dimension regime increase the sensitivity to pervasive terrestrial radiation. Diminishing levels of charge associated with information in electronic circuits, interactions of multiple transistors due to tight packing densities, and high circuit clock speeds make single event effects (SEE) a reliability consideration for advanced electronics. The trend to adapt and apply commercial IC processes for space and defense applications has provided a catalyst to the development of infrastructure for analysis and mitigation that can be leveraged for advanced commercial electronic devices. In particular, modeling and simulation, leveraging the dramatic reduction in computing cost and increase in computing power, can be used to analyze the response of electronics to radiation, to develop and evaluate mitigation approaches, and to calculate the frequency of problematic events for target applications and environments.
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Clemens, W., W. Fix, J. Ficker, A. Knobloch, and A. Ullmann. "From polymer transistors toward printed electronics." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 7 (July 2004): 1963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0263.
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Printed organic circuits have the potential to revolutionize the spread of electronic applications. This will be enabled by inexpensive and fast fabrication with printing techniques using soluble organic materials. Two main challenges have to be mastered on the way towards printed electronics. First, the development of stable transistors and an adapted chip design for organic materials, and second, the development of a reliable fabrication process. We present our results on high performance polymer transistors, mainly based on poly-3alkylthiophene (P3AT) as semiconducting material. Fast circuits up to 200 kHz and stable circuits with operation lifetimes of more than 1000 h under ambient conditions without any encapsulation are shown. We also report on a fully printed, all organic ring oscillator.
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Sanger, Ruddy, Viverdy Memah, Moudy Kambey, and Djamii Olii. "Development of Solar Energy Lamp Using Arduino Uno." JURNAL EDUNITRO Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro 2, no. 2 (September 12, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/edunitro.v2i2.4360.
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This study aims to design an electronic system from solar energy lamps using Arduino Uno and then implement it into a prototype circuit. This solar energy lighting system supports the green energy ecosystem in the implementation of solar cells in the design of cost-effective electronic systems. This automatic solar energy lamp system consists of solar panels and batteries as inputs, LDR and voltage sensors as references and sensors, Arduino Uno and relays as controllers, and LCD and LED lights as output circuits. The implementation results show that solar energy lamps using Arduino Uno can function properly. The solar energy stored in the battery can be used automatically as lighting at night without using electricity from PLN. It can automate the light in the room, eliminating the need to turn them off and on manually.
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Szczupak, Paweł, and Tomasz Kossowski. "Response of Drone Electronic Systems to a Standardized Lightning Pulse." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206547.
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This paper presents the results of experimental tests of the impulse response of selected, essential components of a drone. A standardized lightning pulse that is often used during immunity tests of electronic devices in the aviation industry was applied. A single-stroke voltage impulse generator, MIG0618SS, was capable of producing the desired pulses. The input voltage was injected into selected electronic circuits of the drone system and pulses were observed in different parts of the machine. This allowed us to build a model based on the transmittance of the circuits most exposed to lightning overvoltages. The conducted tests were supported by impedance measurements carried out with an LCR-8110G meter. The obtained results made possible the development of a preliminary drone simulation model, allowing us to determine the size of the disturbances arising in individual circuits during nearby lightning. A discussion of the influence of close lightning discharges on expected induced overvoltages in a drone electronics system is also conducted in the paper.
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Kanivets, Oleksandr V., Irina M. Kanivets, and Tetyana M. Gorda. "Development of an augmented reality mobile physics application to study electric circuits." Educational Technology Quarterly 2022, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/etq.429.
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The use of virtual teaching aids with AR technology in various areas of education, including physics, has been studied. The similarity between physical and electrical models has been established, and the development of a mobile app for studying simple electric circuits has been validated. The feasibility of developing the technique of augmented reality mobile apps has been established. The following milestones have been identified in the development of the augmented reality app: production of electronic models, installation of the game engine Unity3D, development of all program scenes, operation testing, and demonstration. The application of scenarios for electronic models rotation and movement has received special attention. In-house created augmented reality mobile app for mobile devices "Augmented reality program for studying the simplest electric circuit" has been offered. The developed mobile app reads, recognizes, and displays the product electronic model on the screen. It has been demonstrated that the augmented reality application produced by the author team as mobile teaching software can be used to complete assignments for students' individual work as well as classroom studies at colleges.
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Mesquita, Amir Zacarias, Daniel Artur Pinheiro Palma, and Alexandre Melo de Oliveira. "Development of an Electronic Instrument for Eddy Current Testing." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Research 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53375/ijecer.2022.209.
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This article presents the development of a portable electronic variable frequency instrument for eddy current testing. Variations in the conductivity, permeability, or physical characteristics of non-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials cause the impedance of the probe (or coil) connected to a Wheatstone bridge circuit to change. Impedance change causes bridge unbalance, which is indicated by analog and digital indicators on the front panel. The main applications of the equipment are: detection of cracks and surface faults in conductive materials, evaluation of the depths of detected discontinuities, classification of these materials through the variation of conductivity, and evaluation of the thickness of non-conductive layers on a conductive basis. Eddy current testing instruments are superior to equipment that does not use electromagnetic principles for the applications described above. The reason is due to the accuracy and ease of carrying out the inspection. The device developed in this work also has the advantage of the circuits simplicity, the low cost of the electronic components, and the ease of finding them in the market for eventual maintenance. Some test results performed are presented. The instrument performed well for the intended applications.
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Elgabra, Hazem, Amna Siddiqui, and Shakti Singh. "Design and Simulation of Bipolar 4H-SiC Memory Architecture for High Temperature Applications." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.953.
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The increasing demand for electronics in harsh environment applications has inspired investigation of silicon carbide (SiC)-based devices and circuits, due to its superior electrical properties. Several researchers have demonstrated the viability of 4H-SiC control circuitry by developing small scale logic circuits entirely in 4H-SiC. However, development and design of memory elements, which is a critical component in any electronic system, is still not fully explored. To bridge this gap, this paper presents, a complete bipolar, static random access memory (SRAM) column that includes the memory cell and the peripheral circuitry, designed to exploit the unique properties of SiC. Simulation results for the proposed memory show stable operation across a wide range of temperatures (27 °C – 500 °C) with good noise margins and access speeds while running at a supply voltage as low as 5 V. This work validates the potential of developing memory architectures in 4H-SiC, paving the way for realizing small-sized digital systems for harsh environments.
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Takakura, Kenichiro. "Development of electronic circuits that can operate in high radiation environments such as nuclear power plants." Impact 2020, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.4.52.
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Robots can play a vital role in disaster rescue, relief and recovery. These versatile machines can perform tasks humans cannot and can enter into dangerous environments otherwise inaccessible to human workers. However, they are not invincible and there are still some situations where robots and the electronic components they're made of fail. By studying the limits of electronics in these extreme scenarios though, better components can be developed and deployed on robots; keeping these invaluable workers online in the most dangerous and urgent of situations. The ongoing decommissioning work at the devastated Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is an example of this. The earthquake that destroyed the plant happened nearly 11 years ago, yet the clean-up at Fukushima is still ongoing. Long term efforts are needed in order to resolve the issues such as decontamination of the scattered radioactive materials, contaminated water, and decommissioning of the nuclear reactor itself. Associate Professor Kenichiro Takakura, from the Electronics Materials and Devices Research Group at the National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kumamoto College, is carrying out research to develop electronic equipment that can be used in a nuclear reactor to assist with the early completion of decommissioning.
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Sindler, Yuri, and Simon Lineykin. "Static, Dynamic, and Signal-to-Noise Analysis of a Solid-State Magnetoelectric (Me) Sensor with a Spice-Based Circuit Simulator." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155514.
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Modeling the non-electrical processes by equivalent electrical circuits is a widely known and successfully used technique in research and development. Although finite element methods software development has supplanted electrical analogy techniques due to greater accuracy and intuitiveness in recent decades, the modeling of physical processes based on analogies has several advantages in some cases. Representation of physical processes in the form of lumped circuits and graphs allows researchers to estimate the system with an alternative view, use standardized methods for solving electrical circuits for non-electrical systems, and, most importantly, allows us to use electrical circuit simulators with their unique capabilities. Of particular interest for using the analogy technique are systems that include electronic components along with components belonging to other physical domains, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and others. A solid-state magnetoelectric (ME) sensor equipped with a charge amplifier is proposed in this study as an example of analysis using the equivalent electrical circuit and simulating these circuits using SPICE-based circuit simulators. Sensor analysis is conducted with an emphasis on noise budgeting and optimizing the sensor’s signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. In addition, the steady state, the phasor, and transient types of analyses were employed to study the static and dynamic behavior of the system. Validation of the model using analytical calculations and comparison with experimental data demonstrated superior results.
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Chen, Sen, and Jing Liu. "Liquid metal printed electronics towards ubiquitous electrical engineering." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SE (April 5, 2022): SE0801. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac5761.
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Abstract Conventional electronic manufacturers are generally not easily accessible due to complicated procedures, time, material and energy consuming, and may generate potential pollution to the environment. From an alternative, liquid metal printed electronics to quickly fabricate electronic circuits and functional devices were proposed a decade before. To promote the further development and application of liquid metal printed electronics, this review aims to summarize and analyze the progress of liquid metal printed electronics from three aspects, namely electronic inks, printing technology and applications. Then, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities for further development of liquid metal printed electronics from several aspects including material modification, technological innovation, equipment upgrading and potential applications. It is expected that liquid metal printed electronics allow one to make electronics at anytime, anywhere at low cost which indicates the coming of a new era of ubiquitous electrical engineering.
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Li, Shuo, Nan Pan, Sen Gao, and Lei Li. "Three State Output Module and Digital Switch Circuit Based on Threshold Memristor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2395, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2395/1/012021.
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Abstract A memristor is a new electronic device with small volumes and small fluctuations. As a two-terminal device, it is mainly characterized by non-volatility and nanoscale characteristic size. Memristors can also calculate and store at the same time, which has a broad application prospect in logic circuits. Traditional integrated circuit technology has been very mature. And CMOS technology has almost reached the limit of physical size. Compared with traditional circuit components, memristor devices are compatible with CMOS circuits with their fast computing speed, low power consumption, and small layout area. A three-state output module based on a threshold memristor is proposed. The structure includes an inverter, a PMOS tube, two NMOS tubes, and two threshold memristors. Compared with the traditional three-state gate which only uses CMOS technology, the circuit area required by the module is smaller and the overall power consumption is lower, which caters to the development trend of portable and low-power electronic devices. Then the digital switch circuit using this module is introduced, which provides a new idea for the data transmission circuit. The circuit and module are simulated and verified by LTspice software.
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Pandey and Vora. "Open Electronics for Medical Devices: State-of-Art and Unique Advantages." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111256.
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A wide range of medical devices have significant electronic components. Compared to open-source medical software, open (and open-source) electronic hardware has been less published in peer-reviewed literature. In this review, we explore the developments, significance, and advantages of using open platform electronic hardware for medical devices. Open hardware electronics platforms offer not just shorter development times, reduced costs, and customization; they also offer a key potential advantage which current commercial medical devices lack—seamless data sharing for machine learning and artificial intelligence. We explore how various electronic platforms such as microcontrollers, single board computers, field programmable gate arrays, development boards, and integrated circuits have been used by researchers to design medical devices. Researchers interested in designing low cost, customizable, and innovative medical devices can find references to various easily available electronic components as well as design methodologies to integrate those components for a successful design.
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Singh, N. S. S., N. H. Hamid, and V. S. Asirvadam. "Reliability Programmed Tool and its Application for Fault Tolerance Computation." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.397.
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With the continuous scaling of CMOS technology, reliability of nanobased electronic circuits is endlessly becoming a major concern. Due to this phenomenon, several computational approaches have been developed for the reliability assessment of modern logic integrated circuits. However, these analytical methodologies have a computational complexity that increases exponentially with the circuit dimension, making the whole reliability assessment process of large circuits becoming very time consuming and intractable. Therefore, to speed up the reliability assessment of large circuits, this paper firstly looks into the development of a programmed reliability tool. The Matlab-based tool is developed based on the generalization of Probabilistic Transfer Matrix (PTM) model as one of the existing reliability assessment approaches. Users have to provide description of the desired circuit in the form of Netlist that becomes the input to the programmed tool. For illustration purpose, in this paper, C17 has been used as the benchmark test circuit for its reliability computation. Secondly, reliability of a desired circuit does not only depend on its faulty gates, but it also depends on the maximum error threshold of these faulty gates above which no reliable computation is possible. For this purpose, the developed tool is employed again to find the exact error thresholds for faulty gates.
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Yin, Fan, Yuan Jiang LI, Jie Zhong, Han Yu, Jing Shao, Yang Yu, and Yang Qing. "THE RESEARCH OF HIGH-FREQUENCY POWER SUPPLY CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON MSP430." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 3, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v3i2.54.
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The development of power electronic devices is relatively slow. As a result, the development of the high-frequency inverteris extremely limited. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the IGBT and MSP430 and then designs a high-frequencyinverter control circuit based on MSP430. The PWM control wave is outputted in software by MSP430, and the PWMwave is amplified by the driver circuit for driving the half-bridge inverter main circuit made up of two IGBT components.Controllability includes adjustable frequency, variable duty cycle and dead time variable and several other aspects ofPWM waves. This design realizes reducing losses and improving the efficiency of the overall circuit purposes. Meanwhile,the other circuit configuration such as driver and protection circuits in the entire system are also made somecorresponding design description. Finally, the design of the control system is made further verification by IAR softwaredownload debugging. The final results prove that PWM control circuit based on drive and protection circuits can workand the frequency, duty cycle, dead time of the PWM can be adjusted. A brief analysis about the advantages anddisadvantages of the entire circuit is reported and some improved methods are also presented at the end of this paper.
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Ferreira, André, João Torres, Maria Martins, and Antonio Baptista. "Tactical Communications between Military Vehicles." European Journal of Applied Physics 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.1.42.
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The increasing evolution and development of telecommunications as well as the need for wider bandwidths to comply with the users’ needs, has led to the development of the so-called free space optical communications. The advantages of optical communications in comparison to radio frequency communications draw interest for certain military applications.
This paper describes the simulation, development and implementation of an optical communication system which integrates the various functional blocks of the optical emitter and the optical receiver and presents some theoretical considerations about the specific characteristics of the propagation of the optical signals in free space. The implementation of this system in military vehicles to allow wider bandwidth in military communications, as well as to function as an alternative system to the used systems, is one of the objectives of this dissertation.
For this purpose, two circuits (emitter and receiver) were projected and designed including the design of printed circuit boards (PCB) and performed some simulations of the optical part of the complete system and the electronic simulation of some parts of the electronic circuits.
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Nawrocki, Waldemar, and Yury M. Shukrinov. "Some quantum limits for scaling of electronic devices – estimations and measurements." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-012-0041-8.
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Abstract In this paper we discuss some physical limits for scaling of transistors and conducting paths inside of semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs). Since 40 years only a semiconductor technology, mostly the CMOS and the TTL technologies, are used for fabrication of integrated circuits on an industrial scale. Miniaturization of electronic devices in integrated circuits has technological limits and physical limits as well. In 2010 best parameters of commercial ICs shown the Intel Core i5-670 processor manufactured in the technology of 32 nm. Its clock frequency in turbo mode is 3.73 GHz. A forecast of the development of the semiconductor industry (ITRS 2011) predicts that sizes of electronic devices in ICs circuits will be smaller than 10 nm in the next 10 years. At least 5 physical effects should be taken into account if we discuss limits of scaling of integrated circuits.
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Mroczkowski, Paweł, and Mirosław Neska. "Analysis Method for Finding the Sources of Failures in Circuits with a Frequency Converter." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.124.
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The dynamic development of devices that use electrical and electronic components makes it necessary to eliminate sources of interference occurring in circuits with systems of this type. These disturbances adversely affect the correct functioning other systems that work together as a network, as well as equipment located in neighbouring systems. The article presents a method of the analysis of the sources of faults occurring in electrical circuits, using a frequency converter. The discussed principle of the operation of the frequency converter and the impact of disturbances generated by these installations are presented in this article. The evaluation methodology of the installation is presented using the requirements of the Harmonized Standards and the authors’ own solutions. The verification of the method was conducted by applying it to a real electrical circuit. The potential sources of electrical faults were identified that were caused by the frequency converters and its circuit. The developed and presented analysis method of the faults sources can be used for evaluating other circuits of this type in which one of subsystems is a frequency converter circuit.
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Ono, Ronald H. "Thin Film Processing of Complex Multilayer Structures of High-Temperature Superconductors." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 8 (August 1992): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940004183x.
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The realization of a revolutionary generation of electronics based on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) crucially depends on the ability to make high-quality thin film microstructures. These will incorporate materials such as YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO), TlBaCaCuO, or BiSrCaCuO in a fashion similar to the circuits and devices made of their low Tc counterparts Nb or NbN. Without exception, the most valuable structures will be composed of multiple layers of superconducting films and dielectrics, in some cases combined with normal metals, low-temperature superconductors, or a variety of semiconductors. Generically, these can be combined in two ways: in a hybrid design where specialized packages and bonding are used to attach dissimilar materials, or in a monolithic thin film structure such as the one seen in Figure 1.The division between hybrid and monolithic multilayers results from the historical development of electronic circuits. Hybrid designs typically require linewidths and alignment accuracy somewhat less demanding than those used in fully integrated circuits. The advantage of hybrid construction is the separation of incompatible processing steps onto different substrates or die. The monolithic integrated circuit, whether microelectronic, millimeter wave, or radio frequency, can be made in large batches with concomitant economy of scale and can be fabricated with fewer parasitic constraints. Superconducting integrated circuits have followed the semiconductor pattern of being developed in a hybrid fashion, then transferred to a fully integrated process.
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Tykhovod, Sergii, and Ihor Orlovskyi. "Development and Research of Method in the Calculation of Transients in Electrical Circuits Based on Polynomials." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228550.
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Long electromagnetic transients occur in electrical systems because of switching and impulse actions As a result, the simulation time of such processes can be long, which is undesirable. Simulation time is significantly increased if the circuit in the study is complex, and also if this circuit is described by a rigid system of state equations. Modern requests of design engineers require an increase in the speed of calculations for realizing a real-time simulation. This work is devoted to the development of a unified spectral method for calculating electromagnetic transients in electrical circuits based on the representation of solution functions by series in algebraic and orthogonal polynomials. The purpose of the work is to offer electrical engineers a method that can significantly reduce the time for modeling transients in electrical circuits. Research methods. Approximation of functions by orthogonal polynomials, numerical methods for integrating differential equations, matrix methods, programming and theory of electrical circuits. Obtained results. Methods for calculating transients in electrical circuits based on the approximation of solution functions by series in algebraic polynomials as well as in the Chebyshev, Hermite and Legendre polynomials, have been developed and investigated. The proposed method made it possible to convert integro-differential equations of state into linear algebraic equations for images of time-dependent functions. The developed circuit model simplifies the calculation method. The images of true current functions are interpreted as direct currents in the proposed equivalent circuit. A computer program for simulating the transient process in an electrical circuit was developed on the basis of the described methods. The performed comparison of methods made it possible to choose the best method and a way to use it. The advantages of the presented method over other known methods are to reduce the simulation time of electromagnetic transients (for the considered examples by more than 6 times) while ensuring the required accuracy. The calculation of the process in the circuit over a long time interval showed a decrease and stabilization of errors, which indicates the prospects for using research methods for calculating complex electrical circuits.
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Jansson, E., A. Korhonen, M. Hietala, and T. Kololuoma. "Development of a full roll-to-roll manufacturing process of through-substrate vias with stretchable substrates enabling double-sided wearable electronics." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 11-12 (November 6, 2020): 3017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06324-4.
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AbstractIn the recent years, there has been a growing interest towards printed stretchable electronics used in diagnostics, health-monitoring, and wearable applications. Double-sided electronic circuits with through-substrate vias offer a solution where the amount of printed circuitry and assembled SMDs (surface-mount devices) in direct contact with the human skin can be minimized. This improves not only the wearability and cost-effectiveness of the printed electronic devices but also the product safety and comfort to wear. Another factor decreasing the unit costs in printed electronics is the use of high volume, high speed, and continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing processes. In this current paper, a full R2R process for the manufacturing of through-substrate vias on stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate was developed and verified. The through-substrate via-holes were manufactured in R2R using either laser-cutting or die-cutting. Rotary screen printing was used to print conductive tracks onto both sides of the stretchable substrate and to fill the via-holes. Eventually, conductive and stretchable through-substrate vias with low sheet resistance and low resistance deviation were reliably achieved with the developed process.
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Kim, Sung-Yeon, Jeong-Su Park, and Wang-Sang Lee. "Development and Verification of Indirect Lightning-Induced Transient Protection Circuit for Avionics System." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360608.
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In this paper, an indirect lightning-induced transient protection circuit for avionics system is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified. The proposed circuit consists of a metal oxide varistor (MOV), a transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode, and a resistor. Compared with the conventional circuits (MOV or TVS diode), the improved noise suppression of the proposed circuit against indirect lightning strikes are experimentally verified in accordance with radio technical commission for aeronautics (RTCA) DO-160G Sec. 22. The highest attenuation levels of indirect lightning strike WF5A reference voltage and current signals are approximately 91.0% and approximately 98.4% for the input lightning signals, respectively.
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HASHIMOTO, Y. "Development of Passive Interconnection Technology for SFQ Circuits." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E88-C, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e88-c.2.198.
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