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Journal articles on the topic 'Electron-positron annihilation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Belyanin, A. A., V. V. Kocharovskii, and Vl V. Kocharovskii. "Collective Electron-Positron Annihilation." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 128 (1992): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600154903.

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AbstractThe phenomenon of collective spontaneous annihilation of a magnetized electron-positron plasma is predicted. Like the superradiance in systems with discrete energy spectra, collective annihilation leads to the generation of powerful coherent radiation with the rate of this process considerably exceeding the spontaneous annihilation and collisional relaxation rates.

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2

Belyanin, A. "Collective electron-positron annihilation." Physics Letters A 149, no. 5-6 (October 1, 1990): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90425-n.

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3

AMRANE, N. "POSITRON ANNIHILATION IN SiC." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 07 (September 2002): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102003711.

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Valence electron and positron charge densities in SiC are obtained from wave functions derived in a model pseudopotential bandstructure calculation. It is observed that the positron density is maximum in the open interstices and is excluded not only from the ion cores but also, to a considerable degree, from the valence bonds. Electron–positron momentum densities are calculated for the (001–110) plane. The results are used to analyze the positron effect in large gap semiconductors.

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4

Gajos, Aleksander. "Sensitivity of Discrete Symmetry Tests in the Positronium System with the J-PET Detector." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081268.

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Study of certain angular correlations in the three-photon annihilations of the triplet state of positronium, the electron–positron bound state, may be used as a probe of potential CP and CPT-violating effects in the leptonic sector. We present the perspectives of CP and CPT tests using this process recorded with a novel detection system for photons in the positron annihilation energy range, the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography (J-PET). We demonstrate the capability of this system to register three-photon annihilations with an unprecedented range of kinematical configurations and to measure the CPT-odd correlation between positronium spin and annihilation plane orientation with a precision improved by at least an order of magnitude with respect to present results. We also discuss the means to control and reduce detector asymmetries in order to allow J-PET to set the first measurement of the correlation between positronium spin and momentum of the most energetic annihilation photon which has never been studied to date.

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5

Winterberg, F. "Relativistic Electron-Positron Gamma Ray Laser." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-0804.

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The prerequisite for an efficient electron-positron gamma ray laser, which is the rapid formation o f a dense electron-positron plasma in a time shorter than the time for pair annihilation, is ideally fulfilled in a relativistic electron-positron superpinch. Because the cross section for annihilation decreases quadratically with the center o f mass energy, the time requirements otherwise imposed, are greatly relaxed. A relativistic electron-positron pinch can collapse under a complete population inversion into a very dense state possessing the form o f a long filament, just as it is required for a gamma ray laser. The gamma ray energies are the total center of mass energies, which can be much larger than the electron-positron rest mass energies.

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6

Weiss, Alex H. "Positron Annihilation Induced Auger Electron Spectroscopy." Solid State Phenomena 28-29 (January 1992): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.28-29.317.

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7

Weiß, A. "Positron Annihilation Induced Auger Electron Spectroscopy." Materials Science Forum 105-110 (January 1992): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.105-110.511.

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8

Mascher, Peter, S. Dannefaer, and D. Kerr. "Positron Annihilation in Electron Irradiated Silicon." Materials Science Forum 38-41 (January 1991): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.38-41.1157.

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9

Donnachie, A. "Electron-positron annihilation below 2 GeV." Nuclear Physics A 623, no. 1-2 (September 1997): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(97)00431-4.

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10

Hyer, Thomas. "Semiexclusive production in electron-positron annihilation." Physical Review D 50, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 4382–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.50.4382.

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11

Marshall, R. "Electron-positron annihilation at high energies." Reports on Progress in Physics 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1329–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/52/11/001.

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12

Nishenko, M. M., E. A. Tsapko, Yu V. Lisunova, G. P. Prikhod’ko, and N. I. Danilenko. "Electron-positron annihilation in carbon nanotubes." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075113311020158.

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13

Kileng, Bjarte, and Per Osland. "Gluino production in electron-positron annihilation." Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 66, no. 3 (September 1995): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01556378.

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14

Gabellini, Yves, Thierry Grandou, and Didier Poizat. "Electron-positron annihilation in thermal QCD." Annals of Physics 202, no. 2 (September 1990): 436–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(90)90231-c.

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15

Guo, Wei Feng, Xiang Lei Chen, Huai Jiang Du, Hui Min Weng, and Bang Jiao Ye. "Positron Annihilation in Carbon Nanotubes." Materials Science Forum 607 (November 2008): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.607.198.

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Positron annihilation lifetime spectra have been measured in carbon nanotubes being pressed as a function of pressure up to 1536MPa. In addition, positron lifetime experiments for carbon nanotubes in vacuum, nitrogen and air have been performed respectively. Lifetimes have been obtained using LIFETIME program. The results display a single-component positron annihilation lifetime. Positron lifetime for carbon nanotubes decreases as the pressure increases, but lifetime is basically consistent after the pressure of 960MPa. Positron annihilation lifetime for carbon nanotubes in air is the shortest whereas the lifetime in vacuum the longest. We conclude that a positron annihilates with an electron on the external surface of carbon nanotubes.

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16

Lynn, K. G., Bent Nielsen, and D. O. Welch. "Hydrogen interaction with oxidized Si(111) probed with positrons." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 818–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-141.

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A variable-energy positron beam was utilized to study the interface action of hydrogen with Si(111) covered by an ultrahigh-vacuum thermally grown oxide of 2–3 nm thickness. It was observed that positrons implanted at shallow depth (<100 nm) after diffusion are trapped either at the interface between the oxide and the Si or in the oxide. The positron-annihilation characteristics of these trapped positrons are found to be very sensitive to hydrogen exposure. The momentum distribution of the annihilating positron–electron pair, as observed in the Doppler broadening of the annihilation line, broadens considerably after exposure to hydrogen. The effect recovers after annealing at [Formula: see text], suggesting a hydrogen binding at the interface of ~3 ± 0.3 eV.

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17

Lingenfelter, Richard E., and Reuven Ramaty. "Annihilation Radiation and Gamma-Ray Continuum from the Galactic Center Region." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 136 (1989): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900187091.

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Observations of the time-dependent, electron-positron annihilation line radiation and gamma-ray continuum emission from the region of the Galactic Center show that there are two components to the annihilation line emission: a variable, compact source at or near the Galactic Center, and a steady, diffuse interstellar distribution. We suggest that the annihilating positrons in the compact source, observed from 1977 through 1979, result from photon-photon pair production, most likely around an accreting black hole, and that the annihilating, interstellar positrons result from the decay of radionuclei produced by thermonuclear burning in supernovae.

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18

Hirade, Tetsuya, Toshitaka Oka, Norio Morishita, Akira Idesaki, and Akihiko Shimada. "Positron Annihilation Lifetime of Irradiated Polyimide." Materials Science Forum 733 (November 2012): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.733.151.

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Ortho-positronium pick off annihilation lifetime gives the information of the microscopic free volume of polymers. Polyimide polymers such as Kapton are applied in many fields, but it was impossible to apply the positron lifetime method for free volume investigation because of no positronium formation. Here, we apply the idea of the free positron annihilation probability that is sum of the probability of annihilation by the positron and electrons on the molecular chain where the positron localized and that for the annihilation with the electrons on the neighboring molecular chains. The second term is probably affected by the free volume change. We have successfully shown the temperature dependence and the electron beam irradiation effect on the free volume change by observing the free positron annihilation lifetime for Kapton.

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19

Oakley, William S. "Resolving the electron-positron mass annihilation mystery." International Journal of Scientific Reports 1, no. 6 (October 22, 2015): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20150954.

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<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Mutual annihilation of low energy electrons and positrons results in two photons of equal energy. The annihilation is consistent with charge conservation but both particles have positive mass, so how do two positive masses annihilate? The issue is resolved by considering particles electromagnetic (EM) energy localized by curvature of the space-time metric. The curvature extends into the surrounding metric forming the particle’s gravitational field, usually attributed as due to mass by the observer, but only the curved space-time metric exists. In principle both positive and negative metric curvatures could exist and display positive and negative masses respectively, but both would possess positive energy. For the electron EM energy circulates in the observer domain and outside but close to an event horizon (EH), the positive metric curvature results in the impression of positive mass. Symmetry suggests positron energy circulates inside an EH and should have negative curvature. It is posited metric field curvature reverses on passage through an event horizon, thus the positron positive mass apparent to the observer arises from negative metric curvature inside the particle EH. The opposite metric curvatures of the electron and positron cancel on annihilation, eliminating their gravitational effects and thereby their apparent masses.</span></p>

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20

Hyodo, Toshio. "The Science Enjoyed by Professor Alec T. Stewart." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.3.

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Late Professor Stewart initiated and shaped the International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA) series. As a first-generation experimental positron-annihilation scientist, he made full use of the angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) method. He applied this method to study Fermi surfaces of metals, positron wave-functions in crystals, positron-electron and -phonon many-body interactions, and the vacancy formation energy in solids. He also studied with this method positronium in liquids and solids (T. Hyodo, J. Phys. Conf. Series, 618 (2015) 012002). All these studies enjoyed by Professor Stewart will long be remembered by the positron study community.

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21

Weiss, Alex H. "Positron Annihilation Induced Auger Electron Spectroscopy (PAES)." Materials Science Forum 363-365 (April 2001): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.363-365.537.

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22

Varzar, S. M., M. V. Zheltonozhskaya, V. A. Zheltonozhsky, E. N. Lykova, L. V. Sadovnikov, and A. P. Chernyaev. "Positron–K-Electron Annihilation in 180mTa Atoms." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 82, no. 6 (June 2018): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873818060333.

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23

Lunetta, Miguel. "Inertia's Role in Electron-Positron Pair Annihilation." Physics Essays 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3025763.

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24

Arbuzov, Andrej, Serge Bondarenko, and Lidia Kalinovskaya. "Asymmetries in Processes of Electron–Positron Annihilation." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071132.

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Processes of electron–positron annihilation into a pair of fermions were considered. Forward–backward and left–right asymmetries were studied, taking into account polarization of initial and final particles. Complete 1-loop electroweak radiative corrections were included. A wide energy range including the Z boson peak and higher energies relevant for future e + e − colliders was covered. Sensitivity of observable asymmetries to the electroweak mixing angle and fermion weak coupling was discussed.

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25

Bander, Myron, and H. R. Rubinstein. "Electron-positron annihilation in strong magnetic fields." Astroparticle Physics 1, no. 3 (July 1993): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-6505(93)90013-4.

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26

Chetyrkin, K. G., J. H. Kühn, and T. Teubner. "Extractingαsfrom electron-positron annihilation around 10 GeV." Physical Review D 56, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 3011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.56.3011.

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27

Uedono, A., Y. Ujihira, A. Ikari, H. Haga, and O. Yoda. "Positron annihilation in electron irradiated Cz-Si." Hyperfine Interactions 79, no. 1-4 (1993): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00567584.

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28

Kaliman, Z., K. Pisk, and B. A. Logan. "Nuclear excitation in positron-K-electron annihilation." Physical Review C 35, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.35.1661.

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29

Wagner, A., W. Anwand, M. Butterling, T. E. Cowan, F. Fiedler, F. Fritz, M. Kempe, and R. Krause-Rehberg. "Positron-Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy using Electron Bremsstrahlung." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 618 (June 15, 2015): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/618/1/012042.

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30

Wang, Guang-hou, De-xun Shen, Yong-yi Lu, Min-kung Teng, and Chuan-Yuan Yi. "Positron annihilation lifetimes in electron-irradiated polypropylene." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 14, no. 4-6 (April 1986): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(86)90153-9.

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31

Samsonenko, N. V., and Katchat Chkhotu Lal. "Neutrino annihilation of an electron-positron pair." Soviet Physics Journal 29, no. 7 (July 1986): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00895504.

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32

Panther, Fiona H., Roland M. Crocker, Ivo R. Seitenzahl, and Ashley J. Ruiter. "SN1991bg-like supernovae are a compelling source of most Galactic antimatter." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S322 (July 2016): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316011911.

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AbstractThe Milky Way Galaxy glows with the soft gamma ray emission resulting from the annihilation of ~5 × 1043 electron-positron pairs every second. The origin of this vast quantity of antimatter and the peculiar morphology of the 511keV gamma ray line resulting from this annihilation have been the subject of debate for almost half a century. Most obvious positron sources are associated with star forming regions and cannot explain the rate of positron annihilation in the Galactic bulge, which last saw star formation some 10 Gyr ago, or else violate stringent constraints on the positron injection energy. Radioactive decay of elements formed in core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) could supply positrons matching the injection energy constraints but the distribution of such potential sources does not replicate the required morphology. We show that a single class of peculiar thermonuclear supernova - SN1991bg-like supernovae (SNe 91bg) - can supply the number and distribution of positrons we see annihilating in the Galaxy through the decay of 44Ti synthesised in these events. Such 44Ti production simultaneously addresses the observed abundance of 44Ca, the 44Ti decay product, in solar system material.

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33

Doroshenko, D. V., V. V. Dubov, and S. P. Roshchupkin. "Resonant annihilation and production of high-energy electron-positron pairs in an external electromagnetic field." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 03 (January 16, 2020): 2040023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320400234.

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A resonant process of annihilation and production of high-energy electron-positron pairs in an external electromagnetic field is studied theoretically. This process is the annihilation channel of an electron-positron scattering. It is shown that the resonance in an external electromagnetic field is possible only when the certain combination of electron and positron initial energies is more than threshold energy. Also, the angle between initial electron and initial positron momenta directions must be small and satisfy the resonant conditions. This angle is determined by the high-energy of the initial pair and the threshold energy. An emerging electron-positron pair also flies out in a narrow cone along the direction of the initial pair and must be ultrarelativistic. For each fixed angle, energies of the final electron and positron can take from one to two values. It is shown that the resonant differential cross section can significantly exceed the corresponding Bhabha cross section without an external field.

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34

He, Yuanjin, Huang Min, Weizhong Yu, jiajiong Xiong, and Liying Cai. "PHASE TRANSITION IN BA-Y-CU-O COMPOUND AS PROBED BY POSITRON ANNIHILATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 01, no. 02 (June 1987): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979287000700.

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For the first time positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to probe the phase transition in Ba-Y-Cu-O system between temperature 80–440K. It was found that beside the superconducting transition at 90K, another phase transition at 225K could be determined. Positron annihilation characteristics were found being affected by electron bounding or correlation. Phase transition at 225K was also indicated by TEM electron diffraction.

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35

Tachibana, Takayuki, Luca Chiari, Masaru Nagira, Takato Hirayama, and Yasuyuki Nagashima. "Ion Desorption from TiO₂(110) by Low Energy Positron Impact." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.324.

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We have observed positron-stimulated ion desorption from a TiO2(110) surface. H+ and O+ ions were desorbed at incident positron energies above the desorption thresholds for electron impact. However, only O+ ions were detected at energies below those thresholds. These results suggest that by surface ionization positron annihilation as well as by positron impact leads to the O+ ion desorption. By contrast, it is likely that the H+ ions are not desorbed by positron annihilation, but rather by impact ionization.

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36

Wagner, Andreas, Wolfgang Anwand, Maik Butterling, Thomas E. Cowan, Fine Fiedler, Mathias Kempe, and Reinhard Krause-Rehberg. "Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy Using Positrons from Bremsstrahlung Production." Defect and Diffusion Forum 331 (September 2012): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.331.41.

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A new type of a positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) system has been set up at the superconducting electron accelerator ELBE [ at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. In contrast to existing source-based PALS systems, the approach described here makes use of an intense photon beam from electron bremsstrahlung which converts through pair production into positrons inside the sample under study. The article focusses on the production of intense bremsstrahlung using a superconducting electron linear accelerator, the production of positrons inside the sample under study, the efficient detector setup which allows for annihilation lifetime and Doppler-broadening spectroscopy simultaneously. Selected examples of positron annihilation spectroscopy are presented.

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37

Kim, Hwa-Min, and Young-Dae Jung. "Pair Annihilation Effects on Lower Hybrid Oscillation in Semi-Bounded Magnetized Dusty Pair Plasmas." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2006-1208.

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The electron-positron pair annihilation effects on the electrostatic hybrid resonance oscillation are investigated in semi-bounded magnetized dusty pair plasmas. The surface wave dispersion relation is obtained by the plasma dielectric function with the specular reflection condition. The result shows the existence lower hybrid resonance oscillation modes in semi-bounded dusty pair plasmas. It is found that the electron-positron annihilation events enhance the lower hybrid resonance oscillation frequency. It is also found that the lower hybrid resonance frequency decreases with increasing the ratio of the positron density to the electron density. In addition, the lower hybrid resonance frequency decreases with increasing the strength of the magnetic field

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38

Yang, Weihua, and Fei Huang. "Vector meson production in electron positron annihilation process." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 17 (June 2, 2021): 2150120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21501207.

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When tunneling events induced by nontrivial configurations of the quantum chromodynamics gauge fields are taken into consideration, parity violating quantities emerge. Based on this consideration, parity-odd fragmentation functions can be introduced in the high energy reactions. In this paper, we calculate the differential cross-section in terms of both the parity-even and parity-odd fragmentation functions in semi-inclusive electron positron annihilation process. Semi-inclusive implies that not only a vector meson in one jet but also the back-to-back jet is measured in this reaction. According to the differential cross-section, we further calculate the azimuthal asymmetries and hadron polarizations in terms of fragmentation functions. A method of measuring the parity violating effects in the semi-inclusive annihilation process is suggested.

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39

Loeb, A., and S. Eliezer. "A gamma ray laser based on induced annihilation of electron-positron pairs." Laser and Particle Beams 4, no. 3-4 (August 1986): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002263.

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In this paper we propose the coherent amplification of gamma radiation of a system of parapositronium atoms. The nonlinear optics of positronium media is suggested. The induced annihilation transitions for the electron-positron plasma are compared with those of the positronium medium. It is suggested in this paper that the Bose–Einstein condensation could play a crucial role in the estimation of the induced annihilation of electron-positron pairs for dense (n ≳ 1016cm−3) and cold (T ≲ 104 °K) positronium systems. The calculated effects of the induced positron-electron decays might be observed in astrophysical objects such as pulsars, white dwarf stars etc. Furthermore, these transitions might play an important role in Klein–Alfven cosmology. Finally, with the further advancement of the positron technology, a gamma ray laser may be constructed.

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40

Barbiellini, B., M. J. Puska, A. Harju, and R. M. Nieminen. "Positron annihilation and positron-electron correlation effects in high-Tc oxides." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 56, no. 12 (December 1995): 1693–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(95)00091-7.

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41

Doroshenko, Dmitriy V., Sergei P. Roshchupkin, and Victor V. Dubov. "The Resonant Effect of an Annihilation Channel in the Interaction of the Ultrarelativistic Electron and Positron in the Field of an X-ray Pulsar." Universe 6, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6090137.

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We investigated the effects that occur during the circulation of ultrarelativistic electrons and positrons in the field of an X-ray pulsar. A resonant process in annihilation and the subsequent production of the electron–positron pairs were studied theoretically. Under the resonance, the second-order process in an original fine-structure constant process effectively decays to two first order processes of the fine-structure constant: single-photon annihilation of the electron–positron pair stimulated by the external field, and the Breit–Wheeler process (single-photon birth of the electron–positron pair) stimulated by the external field. We show that resonance has a threshold energy for a certain combinational energy of the initial electron and positron. Furthermore, there is a definite small angle between initial ultrarelativistic particles’ momenta, in which resonance takes place. Initial and final electron–positron pairs fly in a narrow cone. We noticed that electron (positron) emission angle defines the energy of the final pair. We show that the resonant cross-section in the field of the X-ray pulsar may significantly exceed the corresponding cross-section without the field (Bhabha cross-section).

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42

Kalashnikov, N. P., E. A. Mazur, and A. S. Olczak. "Annihilation of relativistic positrons in single crystal with production of one photon." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 22 (August 5, 2015): 1550137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501377.

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The energy and momentum conservation laws prohibit positron–electron single-photon annihilation in vacuum. It is shown that the situation is different in a single crystal with one of the leptons (e.g. positron) moving in the channeling (or in the quasi-channeling) mode. The transverse motion of an oriented or channeled particle may sharply increase the probability of the single-photon annihilation process.

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43

de Diego, N., C. Hidalgo, and P. Moser. "A Positron Annihilation Study of Electron Irradiated Antimony." Materials Science Forum 15-18 (January 1987): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.15-18.193.

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44

Carneiro, C. E. I., J. Frenkel, and J. C. Taylor. "Electron-positron annihilation and non-abelian eikonal exponentiation." Nuclear Physics B 269, no. 1 (May 1986): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90373-1.

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45

Frolov, Alexei M., and Farrukh A. Chishtie. "Annihilation of the electron–positron pairs in polyelectrons." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 40, no. 39 (September 11, 2007): 11923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/40/39/014.

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46

Ellis, John, and Marek Karliner. "On electron-positron annihilation into nucleon-antinucleon pairs." New Journal of Physics 4 (March 25, 2002): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/4/1/318.

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47

Dobrinić, J., A. Ljubičić, and D. A. Bradley. "Nuclear excitation in by positron–electron annihilation process." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 69, no. 3 (February 2004): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00467-5.

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Lei, Chun, David Mehl, A. R. Koymen, Fred Gotwald, M. Jibaly, and Alex Weiss. "Apparatus for positron annihilation‐induced Auger electron spectroscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 12 (December 1989): 3656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140471.

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Bernreuther, W., and O. Nachtmann. "CP-violating correlations in electron-positron annihilation intoτleptons." Physical Review Letters 63, no. 26 (December 25, 1989): 2787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.63.2787.

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Bernreuther, W., and O. Nachtmann. "CP-Violating Correlations in Electron-Positron Annihilation intoτLeptons." Physical Review Letters 64, no. 9 (February 26, 1990): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.64.1072.2.

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