Academic literature on the topic 'Electron phases'

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron phases"

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Fradkin, Eduardo, and Steven A. Kivelson. "Electron Nematic Phases Proliferate." Science 327, no. 5962 (January 7, 2010): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1183464.

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Lichte, Hannes. "Electron Holography: phases matter." Microscopy 62, suppl 1 (April 25, 2013): S17—S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dft009.

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Pfleiderer, Christian. "Superconducting phases off-electron compounds." Reviews of Modern Physics 81, no. 4 (November 25, 2009): 1551–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.81.1551.

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Jacak, Janusz. "Topological Classification of Correlations in 2D Electron Systems in Magnetic or Berry Fields." Materials 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071650.

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Recent topology classification of 2D electron states induced by different homotopy classes of mappings of the planar Brillouin zone into Bloch space can be supplemented by a homotopy classification of various phases of multi-electron homotopy patterns induced by Coulomb interaction between electrons. The general classification of such type is presented. It explains the topologically protected correlations responsible for integer and fractional Hall effects in 2D multi-electron systems in the presence of perpendicular quantizing magnetic field or Berry field, the latter in topological Chern insulators. The long-range quantum entanglement is essential for homotopy correlated phases in contrast to local binary entanglement for conventional phases with local order parameters. The classification of homotopy long-range correlated phases induced by the Coulomb interaction of electrons has been derived in terms of homotopy invariants and illustrated by experimental observations in GaAs 2DES, graphene monolayer, and bilayer and in Chern topological insulators. The homotopy phases are demonstrated to be topologically protected and immune to the local crystal field, local disorder, and variation of the electron interaction strength. The nonzero interaction between electrons is shown, however, to be essential for the definition of the homotopy invariants, which disappear in gaseous systems.
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Imada, Masatoshi, Youhei Yamaji, and Moyuru Kurita. "Electron Correlation Effects on Topological Phases." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 83, no. 6 (June 15, 2014): 061017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.83.061017.

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ENGLMAN, ROBERT, and ASHER YAHALOM. "PARTIAL PHASES IN A CIRCLING ELECTRON." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 29 (September 27, 2012): 1250145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212501457.

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An extended electronic cloud can acquire different Aharonov–Bohm (AB) phases in its parts when these parts experience different solenoidal fields. This is demonstrated by two models that describe an electron moving within a confining circular tube around a solenoidal vector potential and outside a magnetic field domain (just as in a usual AB set up): one in which the motion of the electron along the tube is restricted and moves adiabatically and another in which it extends freely and without restriction on its speed. When the electron cloud is split into two parts circling in opposite directions, we show that when the two parts of the electronic cloud rejoin, they do so with different phases. This set-up complements (and confirms the finding of) our previous work [Europhys. Lett.93, 20001 (2011)], in which the vector source was moving and the electron position was fixed.
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Bletskan, D. I. "Electron structure of the equilibrium and metastable phases in superionic Li2SiS3." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.01.048.

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RAJESWARA PALANICHAMY, R., M. ANANDAJOTHI, A. JAWAHAR, and K. IYAKUTTI. "INVESTIGATION OF NON-MAGNETIC AND FERROMAGNETIC PHASES OF 3D ELECTRON CRYSTAL WITH NaCl AND CsCl STRUCTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 21 (August 20, 2008): 3627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039952.

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The non-magnetic and ferromagnetic phases of 3D Wigner electron crystal are investigated using a localized representation of the electrons with NaCl and CsCl structures. The ground state energies of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic phases of Wigner electron crystal are computed in the range 10 ≤ rs ≥ 130. The role of correlation energy is suitably taken into account. The low density region favorable for the ferromagnetic phase is found to be 4.8 × 1020 electrons/cm3 and for the non-magnetic phase, it is 2.03 × 1020 electrons/cm3. It is found that the ground state energy of ferromagnetic phase is less than that of the non-magnetic phase of the Wigner electron crystal. The structure-dependent Wannier functions, which give proper localized representation for Wigner electrons, are employed in the calculation.
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Ortiz, G., M. Harris, and P. Ballone. "Zero Temperature Phases of the Electron Gas." Physical Review Letters 82, no. 26 (June 28, 1999): 5317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.82.5317.

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Gorecka, Ewa, Nataša Vaupotič, and Damian Pociecha. "Electron Density Modulations in Columnar Banana Phases." Chemistry of Materials 19, no. 12 (June 2007): 3027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0625575.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron phases"

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Ghaemi, Mohammadi Pouyan. "Phases and phase transitions of strongly correlated electron systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45456.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-174).
Different experiments on strongly correlated materials have shown phenomena which are not consistent with our conventional understandings. We still do not have a general framework to explain these properties. Developing such a general framework is much beyond the scope of this thesis, but here we try to address some of challenges in simpler models that are more tractable. In correlated metals it appears as strong correlations have different effect on different parts of fermi surface. Perhaps most striking example of this is normal state of optimally doped cuprates; the quasiparticle peaks on the nominal fermi surface do not appear uniformly. We try to track such phenomena in heavy fermion systems, which are correlated fermi liquids. In these systems, a lattice of localized electrons in f or d orbitals is coupled to the conduction electrons through an antiferromagnetic coupling. Singlets are formed between localized and conduction electrons. This singlet naturally have non-zero internal angular momentum. This nontrivial structure leads to anisotropic effect of strong correlations. Internal structure of Kondo singlet can also lead to quantum Hall effect in Kondo insulator, and formation of isolated points on the fermi surface with fractionalized quasiparticles. In the second part we study a phase transition in Heisenberg model between two insulating phases, Neel ordered and certain spin liquid state, popular in theories of the cuprates. The existence of such a transition has a number of interesting implications for spin liquid based approaches to the underdoped cuprates and clarifies existing ideas for incorporating antiferromagnetic long range order into such a spin liquid based approach. This transition might also be enlightening, despite fundamental differences, for the heavy fermion critical points where a second order transition between the heavy fermion phase and a metallic phase with magnetic antiferromagnetic order is observed.
by Pouyan Ghaemi Mohammadi.
Ph.D.
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Boullay, P. "Caractérisations structurales, phases modulées et transitions de phases: le cas des phases d'Aurivillius." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522718.

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Bien que mon activité de recherche a été principalement axée sur la caractérisation structurale des phases d'Aurivillius en relation avec leurs propriétés ferroélectriques, je me suis aussi intéréssé à divers aspects liés à la synthèse de ces phases que ce soit sous forme de monocristaux, de poudres ou encore de films (voie chimique). Une première section consacrée à la synthèse ouvrira donc cette deuxième partie. Dès mon arrivée au SPCTS, une part importante de mon activité a été consacrée à l'étude des intercroissances à longues périodes qui ont pu être observées dans divers systèmes mais dont les caractéristiques structurales restaient inconnues. Sur la base de nos observations expérimentales, un modèle cristallographique généralisé utilisant le formalisme des groupes de super-espace a été développé pour les stuctures de type Aurivillius. Ce travail est issu d'une collaboration étroite avec l'équipe du Prof. J.M. Perez-Mato de l'Université de Bilbao. Cette nouvelle approche cristallographique et son utilisation constitueront la deuxième section. L'étude des relations structure/propriétés dans ces composés a constitué une autre part importante de mes recherches au SPCTS avec, notamment, le co-encadrement de la thèse de Jenny Tellier. Les divers aspects de la transition ferroélectrique-paraélectrique (FE-PE) rencontrés dans les composés de type Aurivillius ont été abordés que ce soit dans le cas des termes simples, des composés d'intercroissances que dans le cas, moins classique, des composés présentant un comportement ressemblant à celui de "relaxeurs" tel que Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. Ce travail visant à décrire les mécanismes structuraux associés à la transition FE-PE fera l'objet de la troisième et dernière section.
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Sahebsara, Peyman. "Competing phases in strongly correlated electron systems with frustration." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5104.

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In this thesis we use the Variational Cluster Approximation (VCA) in the investigation of broken symmetry states of strongly correlated systems with frustration. Layered organic compounds, in which dimers of organic molecules form an anisotropic triangular lattice, are among materials that show this frustration. We discuss the two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model used for studying these compounds. Then we introduce VCA, which allows to study ordered phases by a variational principle based on the electron self-energy. We explain the computational methods that we used in conjunction with VCA. A comparison of the normal state and Néel antiferromagnetic ordered phase energies enables us to conclude that this order is dominant at large values of U, below some critical value of frustration (t'/t ). By observing the saturation of the order parameter, we argue that U [greater or approximately equal to] 8 is already in the strong coupling limit. d -wave superconductivity is discussed in relation with cluster and lattice point group symmetries. The two different pairings, d[subscript x[superscript 2]]-[subscript y[superscript 2]] and d[subscript xy] , are studied separately. A comparison of the energies of the antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases shows that while d -wave superconductivity dominates the antiferromagnetic phase, the d[subscript x[superscript 2]]-[subscript y[superscript 2]] order exists at intermediate U and d[subscript xy] is dominant at low values of U. We found no evidence of homogeneous coexistence of antiferromagnetic and d -wave superconducting phases. In addition, we investigate a spiral magnetic order on the isotropic triangular lattice, where no Néel antiferromagnetic order is found. By looking at the density of states, we see that the system is metallic at weak coupling. For U [greater or approximately equal to] 6 until a value in the range [8,12), we find an insulating phase, without long-range order, which we conjecture to be a spin liquid phase. This spiral order is found at stronger coupling.
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Liu, Zhongsheng. "Magnetic MAX phases: Itinerant electron magnetism of pure and Mn-doped Cr-based MAX phases." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199312.

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Mross, David Fabian. "Exotic phases and quantum criticality in gapless correlated electron systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84394.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 213-219).
In this thesis, I theoretically studied exotic phases of matter than arise due to strong interactions between electrons in three different scenarios. Firstly, at a stripe melting phase transition, which may be relevant for the high temperature superconductors, where we propose a specific type of transition which produces critical exponents agreeing with neutron scattering experiments on LSCO. Secondly, for a Pomeranchuk transition where an electronic nematic order parameter develops we present a controlled expansion within which the physics of such a transition, and of the related problem of fermions coupled to a gauge field, can be addressed. Thirdly, in a quantum spin liquid phase that is likely to be realized in certain organic Mott insulators. Here we show how such a phase can be accessed from a low energy description of a metal, without resorting to slave-particle constructions. Methodologically, the work in this thesis relies on field theoretical methods such as the renormalization group, the large-N and related expansions, dualities, bosonization and slave-particle constructions.
by David Fabian Mross.
Ph.D.
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Manini, Nicola. "Electron-Vibron Coupling in Charged Fullerene, Berry Phases and Superconductivity." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3874.

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Andrusenko, Iryna [Verfasser]. "Structural characterization of intermediate and metastable phases by electron microscopy / Iryna Andrusenko." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068120258/34.

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Teo, Chi-yan Jeffrey. "Geometric phase and spin transport in quantum systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38226571.

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Teo, Chi-yan Jeffrey, and 張智仁. "Geometric phase and spin transport in quantum systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38226571.

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Johnson, Lars. "Nanoindentation in situ a Transmission Electron Microscope." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8333.

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The technique of Nanoindentation in situ Transmission Electron Microscope has been implemented on a Philips CM20. Indentations have been performed on Si and Sapphire (α-Al2O3) cut from wafers; Cr/Sc multilayers and Ti3SiC2 thin films. Different sample geometries and preparation methods have been evaluated. Both conventional ion and Focused Ion Beam milling were used, with different ways of protecting the sample during milling. Observations were made of bending and fracture of samples, dislocation nucleation and dislocation movement. Basal slip was observed upon unloading in Sapphire. Dislocation movement constricted along the basal planes were observed in Ti3SiC2. Post indentation electron microscopy revealed kink formation in Ti3SiC2 and layer rotation and slip across layers in Cr/Sc multilayer stacks. Limitations of the technique are presented and discussed.

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Books on the topic "Electron phases"

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March, Norman H. Electron correlation in molecules and condensed phases. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

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March, N. H. Electron Correlation in Molecules and Condensed Phases. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1370-8.

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Buksnaitis, Jonas Juozas. Six-Phase Electric Machines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75829-9.

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István, Hargittai, and Hargittai Magdolna, eds. Stereochemical applications of gas-phase electron diffraction. New York, N.Y: VCH, 1988.

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Wah, Kee Leng. 94 GHz electro-optic phase modulation. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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G, Christophorou L., Illenberger E, Schmidt Werner F, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter: the Behavior of Slow Electrons (1993 : Patrai, Greece), eds. Linking the gaseous and condensed phases of matter: The behavior of slow electrons. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.

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Isaacs, Eric Brice. Electronic structure and phase stability of strongly correlated electron materials. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2016.

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Buksnaitis, Jonas Juozas. Sinusoidal Three-Phase Windings of Electric Machines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42931-1.

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Denno, R. C. S. The interaction of phases in the electric melting of glass. Manchester: UMIST, 1992.

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Moncrief, William A. Single-phase to three-phase electric power converters: A concise application quide. Arlington, Va: The Association, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron phases"

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Stern, Ady. "Geometric Phases in Mesoscopic Systems — From the Aharonov-Bohm Effect to Berry Phases." In Mesoscopic Electron Transport, 45–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8839-3_2.

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Hovmöller, Sven. "Obtaining Phases from Electron Microscopy for Solving Protein Structures." In Electron Crystallography, 151–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8971-0_11.

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Smith, David, and Patrik Spanel. "Falp Studies of Electron-Ion Recombination and Electron Attachment." In Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter, 487–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2540-0_31.

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Schiller, Robert, R. A. Holroyd, and Masaru Nishikawa. "Thermodynamics of Electron Injection." In Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter, 347–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2540-0_22.

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Illenberger, Eugen. "Electron Attachment to Molecules." In Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter, 355–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2540-0_23.

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Mo, Z. M., X. L. Ma, H. X. Sui, and K. H. Kuo. "Structural Models of τ 2-Inflated Monoclinic and Orthorhombic Al-Co Phases." In Electron Crystallography, 401–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8971-0_41.

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March, N. H. "Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Electron Assemblies." In Electron Correlation in Molecules and Condensed Phases, 19–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1370-8_3.

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Christophorou, Loucas G., Lal A. Pinnaduwage, and Panos G. Datskos. "Electron Attachment to Excited Molecules." In Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter, 415–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2540-0_26.

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Henchman, Michael. "Thermodynamic Properties of the Electron." In Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter, 455–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2540-0_28.

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Mosyak, Alexander, and Abraham Nitzan. "Electron Solvation: Quantum and Classical Aspects." In Reaction Dynamics in Clusters and Condensed Phases, 557–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0786-0_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electron phases"

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Takamatsu, Shuhei, and Youichi Yanase. "Multiple Superconducting Phases in Sr2RuO4." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2013). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.3.015032.

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Kim, J. K., E. Dodd, and D. Umstadter. "All-Optical Femtosecond Electron Acceleration." In Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hfsw.1997.the27.

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The recent development of compact high-peak-power lasers has spurred renewed interest in electron acceleration by the use of the ultrahigh-electric-field gradients of laser-driven plasma waves [1]. In fact, the field gradient of a plasma wave has recently been demonstrated to exceed that of an RF linac by four orders-of-magnitude (E ≥ 200 GV/m) and has been used to accelerate electrons with over 1-nC of charge per bunch in a low-emittance beam (1 mm-mrad) [2]. However, the energy spread of such beams is 100%, due to the method of injection, which is self-trapping of background electrons with random phases with respect to the accelerating buckets. In order to reduce this energy spread, it is generally thought that the required pre-acceleration can only be accomplished with a conventional RF linac. The difficulty is that the wakefield accelerating buckets are 30 fs in duration and the injection bunch must be a small fraction of that. The shortest pulses from laser-triggered photocathode RF guns are much longer, currently 0.5 ps in duration, and have jitters of more than a picosecond. Besides, RF linacs are large and expensive.
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Na, Meng Xing, Fabio Boschini, Arthur K. Mills, Matteo Michiardi, Ryan P. Day, Berend Zwartsenberg, Giorgio Levy, et al. "Mapping non-thermal regimes in pump-probe electron relaxation dynamics." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2022.tu2a.5.

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Relaxation of photoexcited carriers in graphite is studied by TR-ARPES. Boltzmann rate-equations are used to model the observed non-thermal electron distributions, and several non-thermal phases in the fluence-delay phase space are identified with broad implications.
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Nail, Carl. "Detection and Measurement of Intermetallic Thin Films Using EDX Line Scanning." In ISTFA 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0114.

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Abstract Elementally characterizing intermetallic compounds (IMCs) to identify phases has routinely required relatively expensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. A study was done characterizing IMCs using less expensive energydispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy tools to investigate it as a practical alternative to TEM. The study found that EDX line scanning can differentiate phases by tracking changes in count rate as the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) passes from one phase to another.
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Kuga, Kentaro, Shintaro Suzuki, and Satoru Nakatsuji. "Two Magnetic Phases in α-YbAl1−xFexB4." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2013). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.3.012013.

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Lee, Sing H. "Diffractive optics fabricated by direct write with electron beam on analog resists." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.wcc.1.

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To achieve high diffraction efficiencies, it is necessary for diffractive optics to have multi-level phases. With conventional methods of diffractive optics fabrication, n photolithographic masks and etching steps are required to produce 2n phase levels.
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Lin, Yen-Kai, Ming-Yen Kao, Harshit Agarwal, Yu-Hung Liao, Pragya Kushwaha, Korok Chatterjee, Juan Pablo Duarte, Huan-Lin Chang, Sayeef Salahuddin, and Chenming Hu. "Effect of Polycrystallinity and Presence of Dielectric Phases on NC-FinFET Variability." In 2018 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2018.8614704.

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Myalska, H., R. Swadźba, R. Rozmus, G. Moskal, and J. Wiedermann. "Characterization of WC-Co Coating Modified by Nano-Sized TiC Addition Using Electron Microscopy Methods." In ITSC 2016, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2016p0675.

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Abstract In this study, WC-Co coatings with nano-sized TiC additions were deposited on steel substrates by high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying and their microstructure and phase composition was analyzed using different electron microscopy techniques. Tungsten-reinforced cobalt phases detected in the vicinity of WC grains were identified as Co0.9W0.1 by selected area diffraction. No titanium phases other than TiC were found, which suggests that nano-TiC may increase the stability of metallic matrix microstructure in WC-based coatings.
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Ollier, N., G. Panczer, B. Champagnon, and P. Jollivet. "Micro-Structural Studies of Leached SON-68-Type Glasses." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1287.

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Abstract Two types of borosilicate leached SON68-type glasses were studied, one doped with uranium and the other with rare-earth element (Nd, Eu). Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of U doped samples have been correlated to microscopic features of the corroded glass. Nuclear analysis, Electronic Microprobe and Scanning Electron Microscope investigations revealed the heterogeneous composition of the gels with differentiated phases. Enriched U phases (crystallised or not) and phosphorus precipitated phases in rare earth gel have been detected.
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Ismagilov, Flyur, Viacheslav Vavilov, Alexey Zherebtsov, Ildus Sayakhov, Eugene Zharkov, and Guzel Zinnatullina. "Modified Method for Controlling the Switching of the Starter-Generator Phases." In 2021 International Seminar on Electron Devices Design and Production (SED). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sed51197.2021.9444537.

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Reports on the topic "Electron phases"

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Douglas J. Scalapino and Robert L. Sugar. Competing Phases and Basic Mechanisms in Strongly-interacting Electron Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862360.

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Janney, D. E. Characterization of host phases for actinides in simulated metallic waste forms by transmission electron microscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881580.

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3

Isaacs, Eric B. Electronic structure and phase stability of strongly correlated electron materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477791.

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4

Wang, Chunsheng, and Yujie Zhu. Novel Electro-Analytical Tools for Phase-Transformation Electrode Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517245.

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5

Ju, Ha Kyun, Tae Rim Kim, Kyubyung Kang, Dan Daehyun Koo, Konstantina Gkritza, and Samuel Labi. A Strategic Assessment of Needs and Opportunities for the Wider Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317590.

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INDOT plans to invest nearly $100 million to build a statewide electric vehicle (EV) charging network as part of the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program. SPR-4509 Phase-I identified energy EV charging deserts in Indiana for long-distance trips. SPR-4509 Phase-II further examines the charging stations' impact on EV long-distance trips in Indiana. Using an agent-based simulation model, the number of charges, vehicle miles traveled, energy used during the trip, and energy used during charging were estimated for nine different cases. High EV daily charging demand areas in Indiana were shown in ArcGIS based on multiple scenarios of different charging station construction phases and EV market penetration rates. The study findings can inform the state’s EV charging plan development.
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Macdonald. L51750 New Technique to Assess Level of Cathodic Protection in Underground Pipe Systems (Phases I and II). Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010611.

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This report introduces the Variable Frequency Impedance Tomography (VFIT) method for assessing the effectiveness of non-interruptible power supplies (sacrificial anodes) for protecting coated buried pipe. This method imposes a low-amplitude alternating voltage between the pipe and a reference electrode placed on the surface. A potentiostat/galvanostat controls the electric potential by modulating the current between the pipe and a surface counter electrode. The principle interpretive tool used in this study was an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that had been \trained\" on simulated pipe with a defective coating and on field data from a test pipe.
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7

Iriso U. and S. Peggs. Electron Cloud Phase Transitions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061739.

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8

Kirchhoff, Helmut, and Ziv Reich. Protection of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation in resurrection plants. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699861.bard.

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In this project, we studied the photosynthetic apparatus during dehydration and rehydration of the homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant Craterostigmapumilum (retains most of the photosynthetic components during desiccation). Resurrection plants have the remarkable capability to withstand desiccation, being able to revive after prolonged severe water deficit in a few days upon rehydration. Homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants are very efficient in protecting the photosynthetic machinery against damage by reactive oxygen production under drought. The main purpose of this BARD project was to unravel these largely unknown protection strategies for C. pumilum. In detail, the specific objectives were: (1) To determine the distribution and local organization of photosynthetic protein complexes and formation of inverted hexagonal phases within the thylakoid membranes at different dehydration/rehydration states. (2) To determine the 3D structure and characterize the geometry, topology, and mechanics of the thylakoid network at the different states. (3) Generation of molecular models for thylakoids at the different states and study the implications for diffusion within the thylakoid lumen. (4) Characterization of inter-system electron transport, quantum efficiencies, photosystem antenna sizes and distribution, NPQ, and photoinhibition at different hydration states. (5) Measuring the partition of photosynthetic reducing equivalents between the Calvin cycle, photorespiration, and the water-water cycle. At the beginning of the project, we decided to use C. pumilum instead of C. wilmsii because the former species was available from our collaborator Dr. Farrant. In addition to the original two dehydration states (40 relative water content=RWC and 5% RWC), we characterized a third state (15-20%) because some interesting changes occurs at this RWC. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect D1 protein levels by Western blot analysis because antibodies against other higher plants failed to detect D1 in C. pumilum. We developed growth conditions that allow reproducible generation of different dehydration and rehydration states for C. pumilum. Furthermore, advanced spectroscopy and microscopy for C. pumilum were established to obtain a detailed picture of structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in different hydrated states. Main findings of our study are: 1. Anthocyan accumulation during desiccation alleviates the light pressure within the leaves (Fig. 1). 2. During desiccation, stomatal closure leads to drastic reductions in CO2 fixation and photorespiration. We could not identify alternative electron sinks as a solution to reduce ROS production. 3. On the supramolecular level, semicrystalline protein arrays were identified in thylakoid membranes in the desiccated state (see Fig. 3). On the electron transport level, a specific series of shut downs occur (summarized in Fig. 2). The main events include: Early shutdown of the ATPase activity, cessation of electron transport between cyt. bf complex and PSI (can reduce ROS formation at PSI); at higher dehydration levels uncoupling of LHCII from PSII and cessation of electron flow from PSII accompanied by crystal formation. The later could severe as a swift PSII reservoir during rehydration. The specific order of events in the course of dehydration and rehydration discovered in this project is indicative for regulated structural transitions specifically realized in resurrection plants. This detailed knowledge can serve as an interesting starting point for rationale genetic engineering of drought-tolerant crops.
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Lai, C., and T. Tajima. Electron-neutrino phase separation instability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10174420.

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Bozek, J. D., and A. S. Schlachter. Electron spectrometer for gas-phase spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/603596.

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