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Journal articles on the topic 'Electron electron interactions'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Ram, Abhay K., Kyriakos Hizanidis, and Richard J. Temkin. "Current drive by high intensity, pulsed, electron cyclotron wave packets." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920301009.

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The nonlinear interaction of electrons with a high intensity, spatially localized, Gaussian, electro-magnetic wave packet, or beam, in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies is described by the relativistic Lorentz equation. There are two distinct sets of electrons that result from wave-particle interactions. One set of electrons is reﬂected by the ponderomotive force due to the spatial variation of the wave packet. The second set of electrons are energetic enough to traverse across the wave packet. Both sets of electrons can exchange energy and momentum with the wave packet. The trapping of electrons in plane waves, which are constituents of the Gaussian beam, leads to dynamics that is distinctly diﬀerent from quasilinear modeling of wave-particle interactions. This paper illustrates the changes that occur in the electron motion as a result of the nonlinear interaction. The dynamical diﬀerences between electrons interacting with a wave packet composed of ordinary electromagnetic waves and electrons interacting with a wave packet composed of extraordinary waves are exempliﬁed.

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2

Salma, Khanam, and Z. J. Ding. "Surface Boundary Effect in Electron-Solid Interactions." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1175.

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Electrons impinging or escaping from a solid surface undergo surface electronic excitations which are competitive in nature to other electron-solid interaction channels. The detailed information about electron inelastic scattering probability for surface excitations at solid surface is also important in reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. A self energy formalism based on quantum mechanical treatment of interaction of electrons with a semi-infinite medium, which uses the optical dielectric function is considered to study surface boundary effect for planar surfaces of Cu and Ni for various conditions of electron-solid interactions. The total surface excitation probability of an electron while crossing the surface boundary once is numerically computed by integrating surface term of spatial and angular dependent differential inelastic cross sections over energy loss and distance from the surface. It is found that surface effect is prominent for low energy electrons and large oblique angles with respect to surface normal and confined to the close vicinity of surface boundary.

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3

Yang, Yujia, Jan-Wilke Henke, Arslan S. Raja, F. Jasmin Kappert, Guanhao Huang, Germaine Arend, Zheru Qiu, et al. "Free-electron interaction with nonlinear optical states in microresonators." Science 383, no. 6679 (January 12, 2024): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adk2489.

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The short de Broglie wavelength and strong interaction empower free electrons to probe structures and excitations in materials and biomolecules. Recently, electron-photon interactions have enabled new optical manipulation schemes for electron beams. In this work, we demonstrate the interaction of electrons with nonlinear optical states inside a photonic chip–based microresonator. Optical parametric processes give rise to spatiotemporal pattern formation corresponding to coherent or incoherent optical frequency combs. We couple such “microcombs” to electron beams, demonstrate their fingerprints in the electron spectra, and achieve ultrafast temporal gating of the electron beam. Our work demonstrates the ability to access solitons inside an electron microscope and extends the use of microcombs to spatiotemporal control of electrons for imaging and spectroscopy.

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4

Mahan, G. D., and L. M. Woods. "Phonon-modulated electron-electron interactions." Physical Review B 60, no. 8 (August 15, 1999): 5276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.60.5276.

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5

MAHAN, G. D. "ELECTRON-ELECTRON INTERACTIONS: WARD IDENTITIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 20 (October 20, 1992): 3381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001493.

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6

Ramasesha, S. "Electron-electron interactions in polyacetylene." Journal of Chemical Sciences 96, no. 6 (April 1986): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02936302.

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7

Finkel'stein, Alexander M. "DISORDERED ELECTRON LIQUID WITH INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2010): 1855–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064642.

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The metal–insulator transition (MIT) observed in a two-dimensional dilute electron liquid raises the question about the applicability of the scaling theory of disordered electrons, the approach pioneered by Phil Anderson and his collaborators,8 for the description of this transition. In this context, we review here the scaling theory of disordered electrons with electron–electron interactions. We start with the disordered Fermi liquid, and show how to adjust the microscopic Fermi-liquid theory to the presence of disorder. Then we describe the non-linear sigma model (NLSM) with interactions. This model has a direct relation with the disordered Fermi liquid, but can be more generally applicable, since it is a minimal model for disordered interacting electrons. The discussion is mostly about the general structure of the theory emphasizing the connection of the scaling parameters entering the NLSM with conservation laws. Next, we show that the MIT, as described by the NLSM with interactions, is a quantum phase transition and identify the parameters needed for the description of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the interacting liquid in the critical region of the transition. Finally, we discuss the MIT observed in Si -MOSFETs. We consider it as an example of the Anderson transition in the presence of the electron interactions. We demonstrate that the two-parameter RG equations, which treat disorder in the one-loop approximation but incorporate the full dependence on the interaction amplitudes, describe accurately the experimental data in Si -MOSFETs including the observed non-monotonic behavior of the resistance and its strong drop at low temperatures. The fact that this drop can be reproduced theoretically, together with the argument that Anderson localization should occur at strong disorder, justified the existence of the MIT within the scaling theory.

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8

Knyazev, D. A., O. E. Omelyanovskii, and V. M. Pudalov. "Electron–electron interactions in the 2D electron system." Solid State Communications 144, no. 12 (December 2007): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.059.

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9

Rösch, O., J. E. Han, O. Gunnarsson, and V. H. Crespi. "Interplay between electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions." physica status solidi (b) 242, no. 1 (January 2005): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200404954.

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10

KOO, JE HUAN, and GUANGSUP CHO. "METALLIC FERROMAGNETISM DRIVEN BY PHONON-ENHANCED SPIN FLUCTUATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 06 (March 10, 2007): 857–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920703676x.

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We investigate the metallic ferromagnetism for materials with incomplete 3d-orbitals. The ferromagnetism occurs in electrons of s-orbitals by phonon-enhanced spin flippings of d-electrons via s-d exchange interactions, which was discussed by us [Phys. Rev. B61, 4289 (2000)]. We know the electron-electron interaction, U sd , mediated by phonon-enhanced spin flippings is repulsive for metallic ferromagnetic materials but attractive for high transition temperature superconductors (HTSC). The electron-electron interaction, U sd , is an order of magnitude stronger than that by Kondo-type bare spin-flippings. We elucidate non-occurrence of ferromagnetism in Pd even though it has very strong exchange interactions. We also show that the charge sum rule is recovered in the case of inclusion of U sd . We calculate the resistivity in normal states.

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11

Campbell, Laurence, Dale L. Muccignat, and Michael J. Brunger. "Inclusion of Electron Interactions by Rate Equations in Chemical Models." Atoms 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10020062.

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The concept of treating subranges of the electron energy spectrum as species in chemical models is investigated. This is intended to facilitate simple modification of chemical models by incorporating the electron interactions as additional rate equations. It is anticipated that this embedding of fine details of the energy dependence of the electron interactions into rate equations will yield an improvement in computational efficiency compared to other methods. It will be applicable in situations where the electron density is low enough that the electron interactions with chemical species are significant compared to electron–electron interactions. A target application is the simulation of electron processes in the D-region of the Earth’s atmosphere, but it is anticipated that the method would be useful in other areas, including enhancement of Monte Carlo simulation of electron–liquid interactions and simulations of chemical reactions and radical generation induced by electrons and positrons in biomolecular systems. The aim here is to investigate the accuracy and practicality of the method. In particular, energy must be conserved, while the number of subranges should be small to reduce computation time and their distribution should be logarithmic in order to represent processes over a wide range of electron energies. The method is applied here to the interaction by inelastic and superelastic collisions of electrons with a gas of molecules with only one excited vibrational level. While this is unphysical, it allows the method to be validated by checking for accuracy, energy conservation, maintenance of equilibrium and evolution of a Maxwellian electron spectrum.

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12

Green, Malcolm L. H., and Gerard Parkin. "The classification and representation of main group element compounds that feature three-center four-electron interactions." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 47 (2016): 18784–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03570a.

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Compounds that feature 3-center 4-electron interactions may be classified in terms of the number of electrons that each atom contributes to the interaction: Class I are those in which two atoms provide one electron each and the third atom provides a pair of electrons, while Class II are those in which two atoms each provide a pair of electrons.

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13

CHEN, HUI, and SCOTT C. WILKS. "Evidence of enhanced effective hot electron temperatures in ultraintense laser-solid interactions due to reflexing." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 4 (October 2005): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050585.

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It is shown that the effective hot electron temperature, Thot, associated with the energetic electrons produced during the interaction of an ultra-intense laser with thin solid targets is dependent on the thickness of the target. We report the first direct experimental observations of electron energy spectra obtained from laser-solid interactions that indicates the reflexing of electrons in thin targets results in higher electron temperatures than those obtained in thick target interactions. This can occur for targets whose thickness, xt, is less than about half the range of an electron at the energy associated with the initial effective electron temperature, provided the laser pulse length is at least cτp > 2xt. A simple theoretical model that demonstrates the physical mechanism behind this enhanced heating is presented and the results of computer simulations are used to verify the model.

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14

Sahu, Sivabrata, and G. C. Rout. "Theoretical study of modified electron band dispersion and density of states due to high frequency phonons in graphene-on-substrates." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 07, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684118500240.

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We propose here a theoretical model for the study of band gap opening in graphene-on- polarizable substrate taking the effect of electron–electron and electron–phonon (EP) interactions at high frequency phonon vibrations. The Hamiltonian consists of hopping of electrons upto third nearest- neighbors and the effect substrate, where A sublattice site is raised by energy [Formula: see text] and B sublattice site is suppressed by energy [Formula: see text], hence producing a band gap energy of [Formula: see text]. Further, we have considered Hubbard type electron–electron repulsive interactions at A and B sublattices, which are considered within Hartree–Fock meanfield approximation. The electrons in the graphene plane interact with the phonon’s present in the polarized substrate in the presence of phonon vibrational energy within harmonic approximation. The temperature-dependent electron occupancies are computed numerically and self-consistently for both spins at both the sublattice sites. By using these electron occupancies, we have calculated the electron band dispersion and density of states (DOS), which are studied for the effects of EP interaction, high phonon frequency, Coulomb energy and substrate induced gap.

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15

Neilson, D., and J. S. Thakur. "Continuous Localisation - Delocalisation Transition at Intermediate Electron Densities." Australian Journal of Physics 52, no. 5 (1999): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph99060.

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We find in 2D electron layers in quantum transistors that the interplay between the electron correlations and their interactions with defects in the semiconductor substrate generates a continuous localisation–delocalisation transition for intermediate electron densities (5 ≲ rs ≲ 9). We distinguish this transition from the discontinuous metal–insulator transition which is observed at lower electron densities (rs ≳ 10). The approach we use is based on the behaviour of electrons at low densities. We take into account the interactions between electrons and also their interactions with disorder. We determine a zero temperature phase diagram of localised and delocalised states as a function of electron and impurity densities. The phase boundary of the continuous transition is determined by the localisation length of the electrons.

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16

MAHAN, G. D. "FRACTAL VERTEX FOR ELECTRON–ELECTRON INTERACTIONS." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 01 (January 10, 1993): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993000035.

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The vertex function is derived for electron–electron interactions which includes all ladder diagrams on all vertices. The equation has a fractal character because the end of each ladder has a vertex which is dressed by more ladders. Numerical solutions are presented show the vertex function gives excellent Hubbard corrections to the dielectric function.

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17

Viola Kusminskiy, S., D. K. Campbell, and A. H. Castro Neto. "Electron-electron interactions in graphene bilayers." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 85, no. 5 (March 2009): 58005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/85/58005.

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18

W.S.B. "Electron-electron interactions in disordered systems." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 79, no. 1 (August 1988): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(88)90344-7.

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19

Martín Pendás, A., E. Francisco, and M. A. Blanco. "Electron–electron interactions between ELF basins." Chemical Physics Letters 454, no. 4-6 (March 2008): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.029.

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20

Haddon, Robert C., Arthur P. Ramirez, and Sivert H. Glarum. "Electron-Electron Interactions in Organic Superconductors." Advanced Materials 6, no. 4 (April 1994): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940060415.

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21

Dubois, A. B., S. I. Kucheryavyy, and A. S. Safoshkin. "Intersubband electron-electron interactions in two-dimensional electron gas." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/4/163.

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22

SICA, G., M. POLINI, and M. P. TOSI. "ELECTRON–ELECTRON INTERACTIONS IN THE 2D FERROMAGNETIC ELECTRON FLUID." Modern Physics Letters B 15, no. 24 (October 20, 2001): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984901002907.

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Motivated by current interest in spin-polarized states of the electron fluid at strong coupling, we evaluate the effective screened potential V↑↑(r) between two electrons in the 2D ferromagnetic jellium model. Exchange and correlation are treated in local approximation, following the approach given by C. A. Kukkonen and A. W. Overhauser (Phys. Rev.B20, 550 (1979)) for the paramagnetic fluid in 3D. The main features of V↑↑(r) in the fluid near freezing are discussed with reference to Wigner crystallization and to paired interstitial defects in the 2D Wigner crystal.

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23

Fujita, M., M. Igami, K. Wakabayashi, and K. Nakada. "Electron-Phonon and Electron-Electron Interactions in Nanographite Ribbons." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 310, no. 1 (February 1998): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259808045332.

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24

Brill, B., and M. Heiblum. "Electron heating in GaAs due to electron-electron interactions." Physical Review B 49, no. 20 (May 15, 1994): 14762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.14762.

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25

Hu, G. Y., and R. F. O’Connell. "Electron-electron interactions in quasi-one-dimensional electron systems." Physical Review B 42, no. 2 (July 15, 1990): 1290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.1290.

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26

Han, Karen F., Alexander J. Gubbens, Abraham J. Koster, Michael B. Braunfeld, John W. Sedat, and David A. Agard. "Analysis of electron-specimen interactions of thick biological specimens in Transmission Electron Microscopy at 200 KEV." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146862.

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The primary project of our laboratory is the investigation of chromatin structure by three dimensional electron microscope tomography. The goal is to understand how 30nm fibers fold into higher order chromatin structures. Three dimensional tomography involves the reconstruction of an object by combining multiple projection views of the object at different tilt angles. Due to the electronspecimen interaction and the characteristics of lens aberration in the electron microscope, however, the image is not always an accurate representation of the projected object mass density. In this abstract, we analyze the various types of electron-specimen interaction for thick biological specimens up to 0.7 microns thickness.Electron-specimen interactions include single elastic and inelastic, and multiple elastic and inelastic scattering. Of the imaging electrons, the single elastic and the plasmon electrons give rise to image intensities that can be linearly related to the projected object mass density. Multiply scattered elastic electrons contribute to an increase in background intensity. In addition, due to the chromatic aberration of the TEM’s objective lens, multiply scattered inelastic electrons cause a blurring of the image because of an effective broadening of the focus spread.

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27

Tang, Bofeng, Laxman Adhikari, Gary P. Zank, and Haihong Che. "Suprathermal Electron Transport in the Solar Wind: Effects of Coulomb Collisions and Whistler Turbulence." Astrophysical Journal 964, no. 2 (March 29, 2024): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad28c3.

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Abstract The nature and radial evolution of solar wind electrons in the suprathermal energy range are studied. A wave–particle interaction tensor and a Fokker–Planck Coulomb collision operator are introduced into the kinetic transport equation describing electron collisions and resonant interactions with whistler waves. The diffusion tensor includes diagonal and off-diagonal terms, and the Coulomb collision operator applies to arbitrary electron velocities describing collisions with both background protons and electrons. The background proton and electron densities and temperatures are based on previous turbulence models that mediate the supersonic solar wind. The electron velocity distribution functions and electron heat flux are calculated. Comparison and analysis of the numerical results with analytical solutions and observations in the near-Sun region are made. The numerical results reproduce well the creation of the sunward electron deficit observed in the near-Sun region. The deficit of the electron velocity distribution function below the core Maxwellian fit at low velocities results from Coulomb collisions, and the excess part above the core Maxwellian fit at high velocities is determined by strong wave–particle interactions.

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28

Fuerst, E. Patrick, and Michael A. Norman. "Interactions of Herbicides with Photosynthetic Electron Transport." Weed Science 39, no. 3 (September 1991): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500073227.

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The two primary sites of herbicide action in photosynthetic electron transport are the inhibition of photosystem II (PS II) electron transport and diversion of electron flow through photosystem I (PS I). PS II electron transport inhibitors bind to the D1 protein of the PS II reaction center, thus blocking electron transfer to plastoquinone. Inhibition of PS II electron transport prevents the conversion of absorbed light energy into electrochemical energy and results in the production of triplet chlorophyll and singlet oxygen which induce the peroxidation of membrane lipids. PS I electron acceptors probably accept electrons from the iron-sulfur protein, Fa/Fb. The free radical form of the herbicide leads to the production of hydroxyl radicals which cause the peroxidation of lipids. Herbicide-induced lipid peroxidation destroys membrane integrity, leading to cellular disorganization and phototoxicity.

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29

Gee, Norman, and Gordon R. Freeman. "Electron transport in dense gases: limitations on the Ioffe-Regel and Mott criteria." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-297.

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In the gas phase, the Ioffe–Regel criterion that electron transport becomes modified when the mean free path equals the electron wavelength (L = λ) applies clearly only to helium and hydrogen, which have a net repulsive interaction with electrons. The Mott criterion, that when L = λ/2π the electron is in a localized state, also applies to these two gases. The two criteria are less effective for molecules that have net attractive interactions with the electrons, because the interactions are not simply additive. They are not useful for xenon gas. The criteria are also assessed for: (a) several highly polarizable, spherical and nonspherical molecules; (b) polar molecules; (c) nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which form transient anions.

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30

Campbell, Laurence, and Michael J. Brunger. "Modelling of Energy-Dependent Electron Interactions in the Earth’s Mesosphere." Atmosphere 14, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040611.

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Electrons are produced in the Earth’s quiet nighttime mesosphere by ionization by cosmic rays and ionization of NO by Lyman-α radiation. They are removed by attachment or recombination processes that are usually assumed in modelling to occur at the ambient temperature. However, the electrons have initial energies that are much higher than at thermal equilibrium, and so must have a range of energies as they progress towards equilibrium via interactions with atoms and molecules. As attachment and recombination rates are dependent on the electron energy, it is possible that modelling that considers the actual energy of the electrons will give different results to those based on assuming that the electrons are at the ambient temperature. In this work, starting with electrons at a higher initial energy, the detailed electron interactions (including elastic scattering and vibrational excitation of molecules) are tracked in a time-step simulation. This simulation is implemented by treating electrons in subranges of the electron energy spectrum as chemical species. This allows an investigation of two phenomena in the nighttime mesosphere: the origin of the D-region ledge and the production of radiative emissions from vibrationally excited molecules. It is found that there is negligible difference in the electron densities calculated using the ambient temperature or detailed interaction models, so this study does not provide an explanation for the D-region ledge. However, in the latter model, emissions at various wavelengths are predicted due to reactions involving vibrationally excited molecules. It is also found, using the time-step calculation, that it would take several hours for the predicted electron density to approach equilibrium.

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31

Guerrero, A. H. "Influence of electron-electron interactions on the transfer of single electrons between quantum dots." Semiconductor Science and Technology 7, no. 3B (March 1, 1992): B292—B294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/7/3b/072.

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32

Mitin, V. V., N. A. Bannov, R. Mickevicius, and G. Paulavicius. "Numerical Simulation of Heat Removal from Low Dimensional Nanostructures." VLSI Design 6, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1998): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/37053.

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The acoustic phonon radiation patterns and acoustic phonon spectra due to electron acoustic phonon interaction in double barrier quantum well have been investigated by solving both the kinetic equations for electrons and phonons. The acoustic phonon radiation patterns have strongly pronounced maximum in the directions close to the perpendicular to the quantum well direction. The radiation pattern anisotropy is explained in terms of possible electron transitions, nonequilibrium electron distribution function, and the Hamiltonian of electron-phonon interactions.

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Otero-Leal, M., I. Pardiñas, F. Rivadulla, M. A. López-Quintela, and J. Rivas. "Interación electrón-fonón en manganitas: efecto en el transporte eléctrico y en la magnetización." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 45, no. 3 (June 30, 2006): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2006.v45.i3.300.

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34

Rudd, M. E., Y. K. Kim, T. Märk, J. Schou, N. Stolterfoht, and L. H. Toburen. "3. Electron Interactions." Journal of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements os28, no. 2 (April 20, 1996): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/os28.2.16.

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Rudd, M. E., Y. K. Kim, T. Märk, J. Schou, N. Stolterfoht, and L. H. Toburen. "3. Electron Interactions." Reports of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements os-28, no. 2 (April 1996): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_os28.2.16.

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36

Saif, H. N. "Graviton-electron interactions." Physical Review D 44, no. 4 (August 15, 1991): 1140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.44.1140.

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37

Scheidemann, Adi A., Vitaly V. Kresin, and Walter D. Knight. "Electron-cluster interactions." Hyperfine Interactions 89, no. 1 (December 1994): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02064510.

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38

Ekahana, Sandy Adhitia, Y. Soh, Anna Tamai, Daniel Gosálbez-Martínez, Mengyu Yao, Andrew Hunter, Wenhui Fan, et al. "Anomalous electrons in a metallic kagome ferromagnet." Nature 627, no. 8002 (March 6, 2024): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07085-w.

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AbstractOrdinary metals contain electron liquids within well-defined ‘Fermi’ surfaces at which the electrons behave as if they were non-interacting. In the absence of transitions to entirely new phases such as insulators or superconductors, interactions between electrons induce scattering that is quadratic in the deviation of the binding energy from the Fermi level. A long-standing puzzle is that certain materials do not fit this ‘Fermi liquid’ description. A common feature is strong interactions between electrons relative to their kinetic energies. One route to this regime is special lattices to reduce the electron kinetic energies. Twisted bilayer graphene1–4 is an example, and trihexagonal tiling lattices (triangular ‘kagome’), with all corner sites removed on a 2 × 2 superlattice, can also host narrow electron bands5 for which interaction effects would be enhanced. Here we describe spectroscopy revealing non-Fermi-liquid behaviour for the ferromagnetic kagome metal Fe3Sn2 (ref. 6). We discover three C3-symmetric electron pockets at the Brillouin zone centre, two of which are expected from density functional theory. The third and most sharply defined band emerges at low temperatures and binding energies by means of fractionalization of one of the other two, most likely on the account of enhanced electron–electron interactions owing to a flat band predicted to lie just above the Fermi level. Our discovery opens the topic of how such many-body physics involving flat bands7,8 could differ depending on whether they arise from lattice geometry or from strongly localized atomic orbitals9,10.

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39

NI, WEI-TOU, SHEAU-SHI PAN, T. C. P. CHUI, and BO-YUAN CHENG. "SEARCH FOR ANOMALOUS SPIN-SPIN INTERACTIONS USING A PARAMAGNETIC SALT WITH A DC SQUID." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 29 (November 20, 1993): 5153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9300206x.

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We use a paramagnetic salt TbF3 with a DC SQUID to search for a possible anomalous spin-spin interaction of two rotating HoFe3 polarized bodies with the TbF3 paramagnetic salt. We set limits on the electron-electron spin interaction and the electron-nucleus spin interaction. In terms of a standard dipole-dipole form, the limits are (−2.1 ±3.5)×10−14 for the anomalous spin-spin interaction of electrons in terms of the interaction strength between the magnetic moments of the electrons, and (−2.1±3.6)×10−8 for the anomalous spin-spin interaction between the electron and the Ho-nucleus in terms of the interaction strength between the magnetic moments of the electron and the Ho-nucleus.

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40

Ren, S. X., E. A. Kenik, K. B. Alexander, and A. Goyal. "Exploring Spatial Resolution in Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction Experiments via Monte Carlo Simulation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, no. 1 (February 1998): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927698980011.

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A Monte Carlo model was used to simulate specimen-electron beam interactions relevant to electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). Electron trajectories were calculated for a variety of likely experimental conditions to examine the interaction volume of the incident electrons as well as that of the subset of incident electrons that emerge from the specimen, i.e., back-scattered electrons (BSEs). The spatial resolution of EBSD was investigated as functions of both materials properties, such as atomic number, atomic weight, and density, and experimental parameters, such as specimen thickness, tilt, and incident beam accelerating voltage. These simulations reveal that the achievable spatial resolution in EBSD is determined by these intrinsic and extrinsic parameters.

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Dubois, A. B., S. I. Kucheryavyy, and A. S. Safoshkin. "Inter-Subband Electron-Electron Interactions in Two-Dimensional Electron Gas." Russian Physics Journal 64, no. 4 (August 2021): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-021-02366-7.

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42

Doğan, F., and F. Marsiglio. "Electron-Phonon vs. Electron-Impurity Interactions with Small Electron Bandwidths." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 20, no. 3 (February 7, 2007): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-006-0146-y.

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Suzuki, Shugo, and Kenji Nakao. "Electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in alkali-metal-dopedC60." Physical Review B 52, no. 19 (November 15, 1995): 14206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.52.14206.

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Girlando, Alberto, and Anna Painelli. "Electron-Phonon Vs. Electron-Electron Interactions in Low Dimensional Solids." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 234, no. 1 (October 1993): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259308042909.

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Lin, Ming-Fa. "Electron-Electron Interactions in a Thin Toroid." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 68, no. 1 (January 15, 1999): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.68.140.

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Zheng, Lian, and H. A. Fertig. "Electron-electron interactions and the Hall insulator." Physical Review B 50, no. 7 (August 15, 1994): 4984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.4984.

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Bukhenskyy, K. V., A. B. Dubois, T. V. Gordova, S. I. Kucheryavyy, S. N. Mashnina, and A. S. Safoshkin. "Electron-electron Interactions in Highly Doped Heterojunction." Physics Procedia 71 (2015): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.08.352.

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Mankos, M., and D. Adler. "Electron–electron interactions in cathode objective lenses." Ultramicroscopy 93, no. 3-4 (December 2002): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3991(02)00290-5.

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Mankos, M., A. Sagle, S. T. Coyle, and A. Fernandez. "Electron–electron interactions in multibeam lithography columns." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 19, no. 6 (2001): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1420200.

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Xie, Shi-jie, Liang-mo Mei, and Xin Sun. "Electron-electron interactions and solitons in polyacetylene." Physical Review B 46, no. 10 (September 1, 1992): 6169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.6169.

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