Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron Conducting Glasses

Academic literature on the topic 'Electron Conducting Glasses'

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Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron Conducting Glasses"

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Hibbert, D. B., T. M. Roberts, and S. H. Bhote. "A model of field induced electron emission from ionically-conducting glasses." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 18, no. 9 (September 14, 1985): 1833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/18/9/014.

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Leslie‐Pelecky, D. L., F. VanWijland, C. N. Hoff, J. A. Cowen, A. Gavrin, and C. ‐L Chien. "Comparison of the electron‐spin‐resonance linewidth in multilayered CuMn spin glasses with insulating versus conducting interlayers." Journal of Applied Physics 75, no. 10 (May 15, 1994): 6489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356973.

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Frąckiewicz, Justyna E., and Tomasz K. Pietrzak. "Highly Conducting Li(Fe1−xMnx)0.88V0.08PO4 Cathode Materials Nanocrystallized from the Glassy State (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75)." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 6434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216434.

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This study showed that thermal nanocrystallization of glassy analogs of LiFe1−xMnxPO4 (with the addition of vanadium for improvement of glass forming properties) resulted in highly conducting materials that may be used as cathodes for Li-ion batteries. The glasses and nanomaterials were studied with differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the nanocrystalline samples varied, depending on the composition. For x=0.5, it exceeded 10−3 S/cm at room temperature with an activation energy as low as 0.15 eV. The giant and irreversible increase in the conductivity was explained on the basis of Mott’s theory of electron hopping and a core-shell concept. Electrochemical performance of the active material with x=0.5 was also reported.
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Ren, Yang, Gao Yang Zhao, and Jie Shen. "Preparation of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Film by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.594.

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Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) film is one of the most promising transparent conducting materials. It can be used for Low-E glasses, thin film solar cells, displays, etc. FTO film can be fabricated by various techniques. The technique of sol-gel combined with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis gives the possibility to produce high-quality large-scale FTO films. In this paper, the FTO sol is successfully prepared using pentahydrate stannic chloride (SnCl4•5H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and methanol. Using the FTO sol, FTO films are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the FTO films coated on glass substrates. Results indicate that the as-deposited films are polycrystalline SnO2 phase with tetragonal crystal structure, and that the average grain size for the samples is 160nm. The optical and electrical properties of the FTO film are also analyzed.
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Kordas, G., R. A. Weeks, and D. L. Kinser. "Paramagnetic conduction electrons in GeSx-glasses." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 71, no. 1-3 (May 1985): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(85)90284-4.

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Amir, Ariel. "Universal frequency-dependent conduction of electron glasses." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 107, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 47011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/107/47011.

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Mandal, S., and S. Hazra. "Structural and physical properties of Fe2O3-doped lead vanadate glass." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 1 (January 2000): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0035.

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The role of Fe2O3in the structural and physical properties of ternary lead vanadium iron glass system has been studied in comparison with the binary lead vanadate glasses. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis show that homogeneous glasses of composition 10Fe2O3 · xV2O5 · (90 − x)PbO can be obtained for x = 50 to 80 mol%. Observation from the infrared spectroscopy shows that the basic building blocks of these glasses are same as those of crystalline V2O5, while differential thermal analysis and electrical conduction of these glasses suggest that there is a strong role of iron, both in the glass network and in the conduction mechanism for the glasses containing a low percentage of vanadium.
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Rossiter, PL. "Conduction Electron Scattering in Alloys." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 4 (1986): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860529.

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The aim of this review is to present a simple physical picture which shows how the electrical resistivity of a system depends upon the spatial extent and lifetime of the scattering disturbance measured in relation to the conduction electron mean free path and relaxation time. The contribution from spin fluctuations associated with isolated magnetic impurities is discussed on the basis of this model and it is shown that at temperatures below the characteristic spin fluctuation temperature the impurity acts as though it were nonmagnetic. Some results are given for both 'Kondo' (Anderson) and exchange enhanced (Wolfi) systems. Spin glasses are also discussed and the resistivity behaviour is shown to result from a competition between the RKKY interaction and spin fluctuation effects. Ordered magnetic clusters are shown to be static for periods comparable with the conduction electron relaxation time, so that there is no resistivity anomaly expected at the superparamagnetic blocking temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the resistivity then follows simply from the change in magnetic correlations within the cluster.
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Spencer, Jacob N., Andrea Folli, Hong Ren, and Damien M. Murphy. "An EPR investigation of defect structure and electron transfer mechanism in mixed-conductive LiBO2–V2O5 glasses." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 31 (2021): 16917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta02352g.

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A series of LiBO2–V2O5 glasses of varying contents were investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This approach provides a convenient method to rationalise the defect structure and electron transfer mechanism.
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Jun, Liu, J. Portier, B. Tanguy, J. J. Videau, M. Ait Allal, J. Morcos, and J. Salardenne. "Application of Silver Conducting Glasses to Solid State Batteries and Sensors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 14, no. 2 (1990): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/82403.

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Fast silver ion conducting glasses as electrochemical devices have been tested. A silver iodine battery using a silver ionic conducting glass (AgPO3-Ag2S-AgI) has been studied. The interaction of some gases (O2CI2, H2S) with the electrochemical chains: Pt/Sb2S3-AgI (glass)/Ag and Pt/AgCl (thin film)/Sb2S3- AgI (glass)/Ag has been investigated. Finally, the behavior of thin films of Ag2S3-Ag2S-CdS glasses as sensitive membranes for Cd detection in solution has been tested on MIS structures Au/Si/SiO2/ Membrane/Cd in solution/Reference electrode.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron Conducting Glasses"

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Boidin, Rémi. "Etude des propriétés de conduction et structurales des verres du système Hgl₂-Ag₂S-As₂S₃ : application en tant que capteur chimique." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958154.

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Les verres du système binaire Ag₂S-As₂S₃ sont connus pour être de très bons conducteurs ioniques et l'ajout de HgI₂ permet d'envisager une application des verres du pseudo-ternaire HgI₂-Ag₂S-As₂S₃ en tant que membrane ionique spécifique dédiée au dosage du mercure en solution aqueuse. Les limites de son domaine vitreux ont été vérifiées à l'aide de la diffraction des rayons X. Les évolutions des propriétés macroscopiques des verres, incluant les densités et les températures caractéristiques (Tg, Tc et Tf) ont été analysées de façon systématique. Les propriétés de conduction des verres HgI₂-Ag₂S-As₂S₃ ont été évaluées à l'aide de la spectroscopie d'impédance complexe et de la diffusion du traceur radioactif 108mAg. Un des résultats les plus marquants dans ces verres conducteurs ioniques est l'augmentation de la conductivité lorsque Ag₂S est substitué par HgI₂. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes de conduction mis en jeu, des études structurales ont été menées par spectroscopie Raman, diffusion de neutrons et diffraction des rayons X haute énergie. Pour appréhender la structure de ces verres complexes, des études préalables sur les deux systèmes pseudo-binaires Ag₂S-As₂S₃ et HgI₂-As₂S₃ ont aussi été menées. Les différentes techniques utilisées ont notamment permis de montrer que des réactions d'échanges se produisaient lors de la synthèse. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette thèse est entièrement consacrée à la caractérisation de nouveaux capteurs chimiques pour la détection des ions Hg²+ en solution. Différentes compositions sont testées afin de définir la sensibilité, la limite de détection et les coefficients de sélectivité en présence d'ions interférents.
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Ngqongwa, Lundi Vincent. "Electrochemical characterization of nanostructured SnO2 and TiO2 for potential application as dielectric materials in sulfonated-polyaniline based supercapacitors." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2575.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc
In this research project, nanostructured composites based on Tin dioxide (SnO2) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with poly-4-styrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer has been investigated based on their structural, electrical and electrochemical properties. The synthesis of conducting polymers and their metal oxide or composites have been carried out chemically or electrochemically according to methods modified from the literature. Layer-by-layer construction of nano-Metal Oxide/PSSA doped polyaniline composites were successfully constructed by electroanalytical methods on the surface of a glassy carbon working electrode (GCE).
South Africa
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Wang, Wen-Tsung, and 王文聰. "An Experimental Study on the Influence of Surface Condition of Glass on Electronic Impedance of Anisotropic Conductive Film via COG Process." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38497178980555343723.

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碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
94
In this research the influence of surface condition of glass on electronic impedance of anisotropic conductive film (ACF) via chip-on-glass bonding process is investigate by experiments. Full experiments are designed and conducted at the first stage to investigate the effects of three effective factors, with three levels for each factor, selected from factor analysis. Samples from first stage are then sent to reliability tests at different environments to verify the stability of impedance. Influence of factors is evaluated by Analysis-of-Variance (ANOVA). Finally, a drag test was applied to ensure the bonding process. COG bonding is achieved via proper bonding pressure on the ACF particles between the glass substrate and the IC. Observation by microscopic showed that ACF particles are squeezed and crashed in the process. The conducting film on the outer surface is in firm contact with the glass substrate and with the chip bump to form the conducting channel. Experimental results showed that the effect of conducting area on the conducting impedance reaches 73.41%. The conducting area for the ACF used in the experiment must be higher than 2000μm2 to achieve stable conducting impedance. Reliability tests showed that the better surface cleanliness, tested by wetting tension, the more stable conducting impedance. The effect of surface cleanliness of glass substrate on the reliability test is over 46%. Results from the drag tests showed that the adherent strength of ACF conductive particle on gold bump is higher than that on glass substrate.
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Ngqongwa, Lundi Vincent. "Electrochemical characterization of nanostructured SnO2 and TiO2 forpotential application as dielectric materials in sulfonated-polyaniline based supercapacitors." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3398_1306923514.

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In this research project, nanostructured composites based on Tin dioxide (SnO2) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with poly-4-styrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer has been investigated based on their structural, electrical and electrochemical properties. The synthesis of conducting polymers and their metal oxide or composites have been carried out chemically or electrochemically according to methods modified from the literature. Layer-by-layer construction of nano-Metal Oxide/PSSA doped polyaniline composites were successfully constructed by electroanalytical methods on the surface of a glassy carbon working electrode (GCE).

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Books on the topic "Electron Conducting Glasses"

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Miguel, Ortuño, and Frydman Aviad, eds. The electron glass. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron Conducting Glasses"

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Jung, Young Joon, Young Seok Kim, Kyu Ho Lee, Tae Ho Kim, and Bong Ki Ryu. "Analysis of Electric Conductive Activation Energy from the Electric Conductivity of Silicate and Borate Glasses." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1451–53. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1451.

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Doi, Akira. "Conduction and conduction-related phenomena in ion-conducting glasses." In Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices, 1–45. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012513745-4/50042-1.

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Varshneya, Arun K., and John C. Mauro. "Electronic conduction." In Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, 443–72. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816225-5.00016-x.

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Varshneya, Arun K. "Electronic Conduction." In Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, 367–95. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-057150-8.50021-5.

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Subedi, Kashi N., Kiran Prasai, and David A. Drabold. "Modeling of Glasses: Electronic Conduction Mechanisms in GeSe3:Ag and Al2O3:Cu." In The World Scientific Reference of Amorphous Materials, 79–105. World Scientific, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811215575_0003.

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Young Koo, Hye, and Dahee Park. "Conductive Powder Synthesis Technology for Improving Electrical Conductivity by One-Pot Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Process." In New Advances in Powder Technology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108937.

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In this chapter, we will study the spray pyrolysis process, which is a bottom-up process, and examine the composite electrode powder synthesis process and properties of the core-shell structure. Generally, it is difficult to produce fine particles from metal powders using the top-down method. Thus, the liquid phase method, which is a bottom-up process, is mainly used. However, the liquid phase method has a problem in that impurities exist in the particles. In addition, it is difficult to control the precipitation when synthesizing powder using a solution containing several types of metal salts. The spray pyrolysis process introduced here made it possible to produce composite particles in a one-pot manner without any additional processes for synthesizing the core-shell structure. In the case of core-shell structure of Ag-glass composite powder, the specific resistance of the composite electrode was significantly lowered, compared to the electrode formed by mixing glass frits individually, which improved the dispersibility of the glass. In the case of Cu composite particles with a coating layer, both Ag and glass coating layers formed a passivation layer to improve atmospheric stability, and the introduction of a coating material also improved electrical properties.
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LI, Guangming, and Fuxi GAN. "NEW FAST Cu+ ION-CONDUCTING GLASSES IN THE CuI-Cu2O-WO3 SYSTEM —– PREPARATION, STRUCTURE, AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES." In Frontiers of Materials Research: Electronic and Optical Materials, 493–98. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88825-9.50080-6.

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Pradhan, Mohan Kumar. "Tribological Behavior, Machinability, and Optimization of EDM of AA-2014 Hybrid Composite Reinforced With SiC and Glass Particulates." In Handbook of Research on Developments and Trends in Industrial and Materials Engineering, 228–69. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1831-1.ch011.

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In the present work, the mechanical, tribological behavior of the machinability using electro discharge machining on a hybrid reinforced with different compositions of SiC and glass particulates are fabricated through a stir casting route. The effect of composition with machine parameters on the responses was observed. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used for conducting the experiments, and the optimal EDM machining condition was obtained by performing MULTI-MOORA method integrated with PCA method. However, the effect of load, speed, and composition was investigated for tribological properties. It has been observed that SiC and glass particulates, significantly affect the compressive strength and hardness. However, the impact energy reduces an increase in the brittle nature of the composite. The glass particles do not contribute to the tensile strength but significantly improve the tribological property. The composition and pulse current found to be the most influencing parameters, the composition (Al- 2014+2wt% glass+3 wt% SiC) has led to the best combination for machinability.
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Manna, Alakesh. "Taguchi, Fuzzy Logic and Grey Relational Analysis Based Optimization of ECSM Process during Micro Machining of E-Glass-Fibre-Epoxy Composite." In Computational Methods for Optimizing Manufacturing Technology, 242–61. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0128-4.ch010.

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In this chapter, the use of Taguchi method, Fuzzy logic, and Grey relational analysis based on an L16 (45) orthogonal array for optimizing the multi response process characteristics during electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) of electrically non-conductive e-glass-fibre-epoxy composite (e-glass-FEC) is reported. An electrochemical spark machining setup has been designed and fabricated for micro machining of e-glass-FEC and experimental results are utilized for optimizing the process parameter (DC supply voltage, Electrolyte concentration, and Gap between tool and auxiliary electrode) with considerations of the multiple responses such as material removal rate and over cut on hole radius effectively. From the analysis, it is found that at higher setting value of DC supply voltage (e.g. 70 volts) and at moderate setting value of electrolytic concentration (e.g. 80 g/l) and 180 mm gap between tool and auxiliary electrode the material removal rate (MRR) is maximum. Utilizing the test results, mathematical models for MRR and overcut on hole radius are developed to predict the setting value of ECSM parameters in advance.
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Kojima, Seiji. "Terahertz Spectroscopy in Advanced Materials Science." In Trends in Terahertz Technology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110850.

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Materials science is the interdisciplinary field to study material properties and their functionality on the basis of physics, chemistry, metallurgy, and mineralogy. Vibrational spectroscopy such as infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate characteristic atomic vibrations. Especially, in the terahertz frequency range, vibrational modes are related to collective atomic vibrations reflecting interatomic/molecular interactions, characteristic units, and medium range order. Recent progress of terahertz vibrational spectroscopy using terahertz-time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry, and far-infrared spectroscopy is reviewed in advanced materials science on glassy and crystalline pharmaceuticals, ferroelectrics, and polar metallic materials. Using the terahertz spectra, phonons, polaritons, and conduction electrons of these materials are discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electron Conducting Glasses"

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Yang, Lijun, and Wallace Woon-Fong Leung. "Improvement of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells With Nanofiber-Based Anode." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64710.

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Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has great advantages over conventional silicon-based photovoltaics as it is inexpensive, flexible, and transparent. Sun energy is used to excite the electron of the organic (ruthenium-polypyridine) dye from which the electron from the dye is injected into the anode made of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The excited electron enters the conduction band of the TiO2 and gets transmitted across the TiO2 nanoparticles (anode) to the FTO (Fluorine-doped tin-oxide) glass/electrode, which in turn go to the external circuit powering the electrical load. The electron returns to the device via the counter electrode coated with a platinum catalyst to the electrolyte, typically iodide/tri-iodide, wherein the iodide ions carry the electron back to regenerate the dye attached to the TiO2 nanofibers. Improvement can be made by using 60–120 nm diameter TiO2 nanofibers produced in our lab, for which electrons can be directly transferred to the FTO reducing the recombination rate. Also, the large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanofibers allows numerous sites for attachment of the organic dye molecules, thereby increasing the capture of sunlight. In order to achieve high conversion efficiency, several critical parameters need to be optimized with the nanofiber-based DSSC. In this study, we investigate the thickness of the anode (TiO2 nanofiber) on the conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC in our laboratory can reach more than 7%. Other improvements are believed to further boost this efficiency.
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Yazdi, Shahrzad H., Scott M. Davison, and Kendra V. Sharp. "Experimental Demonstration of Localized Flow Control in a Microchannel Using Induced-Charge Electroosmosis." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11480.

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In this paper we investigate the use of induced charged electroosmosis (ICEO) as a means of providing localized flow control within bulk pressure-driven flow. Conductive posts are positioned in a microchannel in such a way that an AC electric field can be applied across them. This AC field induces an electric double layer (EDL), leading to ICEO flow around the conductive object. A pressure gradient is applied across the length of the channel to drive a background flow past the ICEO region. The combination of AC and pressure-driven flow fields is expected to create recirculation regions around the posts which could be useful for trapping particles or focusing the flow, e.g. for lab-on-a-chip applications. Numerical models of ICEO flow were developed and used to provide guidance for the design of microfluidic devices. These numerical models were also used to explore the number, position and shape of the conducting posts to create useful flow patterns. However, this paper focuses on the fabrication of and experiments within a prototypical microdevice. The device was fabricated from silicon dioxide and conducting gold pillars positioned in the glass channel. Experimental results obtained from this device have demonstrated localized ICEO-based flow control. Specifically, wake regions devoid of particles are created behind the posts.
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Cornelius, L. K., P. A. Tick, and N. F. Borelli. "Photochromic/photoconductive effects in cadmium-alumino fluorosilicates." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.24.

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A novel interaction was observed in cadmium-alumino fluorosilicate glasses when exposed to near UV radiation. Glasses high in cadmium were observed to be photochromic. Accompanying the darkening process was a change of up to five orders of magnitude in the DC conductivity. The process involved the formation of the cadmous ion (Cd+1) as an electron trap. A thin, transparent conductive skin could also be formed by appropriate heat treatments.
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Gonella, F., E. Borsella, G. Mattei, P. Mazzoldi, G. Battaglin, R. Polloni, R. F. Haglund, D. H. Osborne, and F. Garrido. "Nonlinear Silver Quantum-Dot Composites for All-Optical Switching." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1997.pthc4.

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Nonlinear optical materials are essential components of functional photonic devices for optical communications, in particular, all-optical switching devices. Nonlinear switching devices can be based on optical waveguide structures which provide strong beam confinement in prescribed patterns. In these devices, the intensity of an optical signal is used as the parameter that causes switching between two output channels, thus performing logic operations. In the last few years, composite glasses formed by embedding semiconductor or metal nanoclusters in glass have attracted much attention as promising materials in this research area [1]. In particular, metal nanocluster-doped glasses, i. e., glasses which contain crystallites of metals, show an enhanced third-order susceptibility [2], whose real part is related to the intensity-dependent refractive index. The technological interest is strengthened by the general interest in strongly quantum-confined electronic systems which exhibit several effects deriving from the increased electronic density of states near the conduction-band edges. This suggested the introduction for metal nanoclusters-doped composites of the term metal quantum-dot composites (MQDC), in analogy to multiple-quantum-well devices [3]. Nonlinear optical materials based on glasses are intrinsically attractive for photonic-device applications owing to their high transparency, ease of fabrication, durability and thermomechanical stability. Moreover, it should be mentioned the compatibility of materials and fabrication processes with silicon-based electronic materials.
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Sood, Bhanu, and Michael Pecht. "Conductive Filament Formation in Printed Circuit Boards – Effects of Reflow Conditions and Flame Retardants." In ISTFA 2009. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2009p0301.

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Abstract Failures in printed circuit boards account for a significant percentage of field returns in electronic products and systems. Conductive filament formation is an electrochemical process that requires the transport of a metal through or across a nonmetallic medium under the influence of an applied electric field. With the advent of lead-free initiatives, boards are being exposed to higher temperatures during lead-free solder processing. This can weaken the glass-fiber bonding, thus enhancing conductive filament formation. The effect of the inclusion of halogen-free flame retardants on conductive filament formation in printed circuit boards is also not completely understood. Previous studies, along with analysis and examinations conducted on printed circuit boards with failure sites that were due to conductive filament formation, have shown that the conductive path is typically formed along the delaminated fiber glass and epoxy resin interfaces. This paper is a result of a year-long study on the effects of reflow temperatures, halogen-free flame retardants, glass reinforcement weave style, and conductor spacing on times to failure due to conductive filament formation.
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Fireteanu, Virgiliu, and Alexandru-Ionel Constantin. "Innovative system for electric conduction heating and electromagnetic stirring of molten glasses." In 2016 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasi.2016.7539915.

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Shieh, Jay, Szu-Wei Chen, and Chia-Yu Fang. "Photocurrent Response of Composite Perovskite Oxide Thin Films With Specific Semiconducting and Ferroelectric Properties." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3058.

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The goal of this study is to investigate photocatalytic semiconductor systems which are layered thin film composites built from perovskite oxide materials with characteristics such as small and large band gaps and/or ferroelectricity. In order to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis, semiconductor heterojunctions within the developed composites have been designed to possess electronic band offsets favoring the separation of photo-induced electron and hole (e−/h+) pairs. Furthermore, the remanent polarization of the ferroelectric component within the composites has been utilized to induce favorable band bending at the material interface, lowering the potential barrier for electron transfer. The band offsets and ferroelectric polarization could be considered as built-in electric fields; how they interact with photo-induced e−/h+ would greatly affect the photocatalytic properties of the composites. In this study, various perovskite oxide thin film materials — large band gap strontium titanate (SrTiO3), small band gap silver niobate (AgNbO3) and ferroelectric lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) — were combined to form layered thin film composites. The composites were then adopted as photoanodes in a photoelectrochemical cell and detailed characterization of their photocurrent response was carried out under different light irradiation and ferroelectric polarization conditions. Electronic band offsets at the material interface (i.e., heterojunction) were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Electric field poling of the ferroelectric component was achieved by non-contact corona charging. Our results have shown that the band offsets at the SrTiO3-AgNbO3 heterojunction were about 1.0 eV in conduction band edge and 0.4 eV in valence band edge, promoting the rapid separation of photo-induced charge carriers; i.e., the flow of e− from SrTiO3 to AgNbO3 and the flow of h+ from AgNbO3 to SrTiO3. It was found that ferroelectric PLT could be used as a seeding layer for the low-temperature (500 °C) growth of SrTiO3/AgNbO3 thin film composites on ITO/glass substrates, forming a layered structure of SrTiO3/AgNbO3/PLT/ITO. In addition, the photocurrent density of the composites could be increased by depositing gold nanoparticles at the PLT-ITO interface. When the polarization of the PLT layer was poled toward the AgNbO3 layer, the potential barrier associated with the flow of e− to the ITO electrode was reduced by favorable band bending created at the AgNbO3-PLT interface. This resulted in a significant increase in photocurrent density.
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Ahmad, Mohammad, Zuhair Khan, Mian Muneeb Ur Rehman, Asghar Ali, and Shaheer Aslam. "A Study of Aluminum Doped ZnO Thin Films Developed via a Hybrid Method Involving Sputter Deposition and Wet Chemical Synthesis." In International Symposium on Advanced Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-s02qs7.

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Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are semiconducting materials that are electrically conductive as well as optically transparent thus making them suitable for application in photovoltaics, transparent heat transfer windows, electrochromic windows, flexible display, and transparent electronics. One of the methods to enhance the conductivity of metal oxides is doping, however, it can adversely affect the optical transparency of metal oxide. Aluminum (Al) doped zinc (Zn) oxide (AZO) is an important TCO material whose optoelectronic properties heavily rely on the Al doping level. There are various methods to develop AZO thin films. However, since Al and Zn are high vapor pressure materials, and their precise content control isn’t that easy, that’s why we dedicated this study to devise a facile method of Al doping into the ZnO structure. We report a twostep synthesis route to develop AZO thin films over glass substrates. Sub stoichiometric zinc oxide (ZnOx) thin films were sputter deposited over glass employing RF magnetron sputtering at 70W and 9 x 10-3 Torr Ar pressure. To mitigate Zn losses during annealing at 450 °C, the films were first oxidized up to 200 °C in air so as to convert ZnOx into stoichiometric ZnO. To incorporate Al into the ZnO structure, Al was spin coated on top of ZnO from its stabilized sol of 0.07 molar aluminum nitrate nonahydrate in ethanol. The samples were subsequently annealed at 450 °C for 2h in air with a controlled heating ramp of 3 °C/min. The film morphology, microstructure, electronic, and optical characteristics were explored employing scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry, respectively. We found that both the Al and oxygen (O) content affect the optoelectronic behavior of AZO. Even without Al doping, O deficient samples were found to be sufficiently conductive, however, the ZnOx is less transparent relative to O rich stoichiometric ZnO. Furthermore, if ZnOx is annealed at higher temperatures, it causes Zn losses, since Zn is a relatively high vapor pressure material. It degrades the film morphology as well. Once we have ZnO we can confidently treat it at 450 °C to allow Al diffusion into the interiors of the ZnO film. We found that AZO produced via this method is sufficiently conductive as well as transparent.
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Paul, Lijo, and Arun B. Kumar. "Improvement in Micro Feature Generation in ECDM Process With Powder Mixed Electrolyte." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6348.

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Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), also known as spark assisted chemical engraving (SACE), is an effective micro-machining process for machining of electrically nonconducting materials. It involves melting and etching process under the high electrical discharge on the electrode tip during electrolysis that enables the ECDM process to machine very hard and non-conducting materials such as borosilicate glass, quartz, ceramics etc. efficiently and economically. In the current study micro holes are machined on borosilicate glass with an electrolyte mixed with graphite powder. The conductive graphite powder in electrolyte has shown improvement in machining with more quantity of spark during machining. The main parameters taken in the study are voltage, tool rotation and duty factor along with concentration of powder in electrolyte. The main output responses taken in the study are Material Removal Rate (MRR) and lower Radial Overcut (ROC) along the machined holes. A multi-objective optimization is carried out for higher MRR and lower ROC with Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) in order to obtain the best parameters combination. From the experimental study the optimum values of parameters for MRR and ROC are found to be, voltage of 40 V, Graphite powder concentration 1.25% by weight, duty factor 70% and tool rotation of 500 rpm. From the microscopic images of the machined surface, presence graphite powder in electrolyte has improved the machined features due to its conductive nature.
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Qiaoying Jia, Wenxiu Que, and Jin Zhang. "Controlled synthesis of one-dimensional titania nanostructure films on transparent conductive glasses from a heterogeneous solvothermal method." In 8th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference and Nanocarbon (2010 IVESC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivesc.2010.5644283.

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