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Journal articles on the topic 'Electron attachment spectroscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Moylan, Christopher R., Susan Baer Green, and John I. Brauman. "Electron attachment chemistry of SiCl4. Relevance to plasma reactions." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 96, no. 3 (April 1990): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(90)85130-t.

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2

Alizadeh, E., F. Ferreira da Silva, F. Zappa, A. Mauracher, M. Probst, S. Denifl, A. Bacher, T. D. Märk, P. Limão-Vieira, and P. Scheier. "Dissociative electron attachment to nitromethane." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 271, no. 1-3 (April 2008): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.11.004.

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3

Miller, Thomas M., Jane M. Van Doren, and A. A. Viggiano. "Electron attachment and detachment: C6F6." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 233, no. 1-3 (April 2004): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2003.11.014.

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4

Luo, T., and A. Khursheed. "Second-order aberration corrected electron energy loss spectroscopy attachment for scanning electron microscopes." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 4 (April 2006): 043103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2190208.

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5

Kopyra, Janina, Constanze König-Lehmann, Iwona Szamrej, and Eugen Illenberger. "Unusual features in electron attachment to chlorodifluoroacetic acid (CClF2COOH): Strong dissociative electron attachment near 0eV and associative attachment at 0.75eV." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 285, no. 3 (August 2009): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2009.05.006.

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6

Anstöter, Cate S., Thomas E. Gartmann, Laurence H. Stanley, Anastasia V. Bochenkova, and Jan R. R. Verlet. "Electronic structure of the para-dinitrobenzene radical anion: a combined 2D photoelectron imaging and computational study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 37 (2018): 24019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04877k.

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7

Heni, Martin, and Eugen Illenberger. "Electron attachment by saturated nitriles, acrylonitrile (C2H3CN), and benzonitrile (C6H5CN)." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 73, no. 1-2 (November 1986): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)80014-3.

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8

N. L. Asfandiarov, M. V. Muftakhov, A. M. Safronov, R.V. Galeev, and S. A. Pshenichnyuk. "Non-covalent structures of negative ions formed during the dissociative capture of electrons by molecules." Technical Physics 67, no. 11 (2022): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.11.55171.157-22.

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The method of dissociative electron attachment (DEA) spectroscopy was used to study the attachment of electrons to 1-chloronaphthalene molecules. It has been established that the dominant channel for the decay of molecular ions is the formation of Cl- ions in three resonances at 0.7, 1.5, and 3.0 eV. Ions [M-H]- and [M-Cl]- are observed at energies from 3.5 to 8.5 eV and have two to three orders of magnitude lower formation cross sections. Long-lived molecular ions were not registered. Calculations in the DFT CAM B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) approximation predict the presence of six stable anionic structures in which the chlorine anion is coordinated to the neutral residue via noncovalent H-Cl^--H bonds. The electron affinity of the most stable of these structures coincides with the experimentally measured value EA_a=0.2771±0.003 eV. These results agree with the previously obtained data on the DEA of molecules of bromine-substituted biphenyls, naphthalenes, and anthracenes and confirm the existence of anionic structures with non-covalent H-Hal-H bonds. Such non-covalent anion structures should be extremely reactive, which makes them promising for the synthesis of self-assembling hydrocarbon nanomembranes. Keywords: Attachment of electrons to molecules, electron affinity, potential surface, DFT calculations.

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9

Mauracher, A., H. Schöbel, S. Haughey, S. E. Huber, and T. A. Field. "Dissociative electron attachment to fluorinated nitrobenzenes." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 471 (January 2022): 116731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116731.

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10

Barszczewska, Wiesława, Janina Kopyra, Jolanta Wnorowska, and Iwona Szamrej. "Low energy electron attachment by bromoalkanes." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 233, no. 1-3 (April 2004): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2003.12.018.

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11

Van Doren, Jane M., Sarah A. McSweeney, Matthew D. Hargus, Donna M. Kerr, Thomas M. Miller, Susan T. Arnold, and A. A. Viggiano. "Electron attachment and detachment: cyclo-C4F4Cl2." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 228, no. 2-3 (August 2003): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(03)00161-1.

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12

Shuman, Nicholas S., Thomas M. Miller, Albert A. Viggiano, and Jürgen Troe. "Electron attachment to POCl3. II. Dependence of the attachment rate coefficients on gas and electron temperature." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 306, no. 2-3 (September 2011): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2010.09.026.

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13

Houplin, J., L. Amiaud, C. Dablemont, and A. Lafosse. "DOS and electron attachment effects in the electron-induced vibrational excitation of terphenylthiol SAMs." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 45 (2015): 30721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04067a.

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Low energy electron scattering on terphenylthiol (TPT, HS-(C₆H₄)₂-C₆H₅) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited onto gold was investigated using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) by recording specular elastic and inelastic excitation functions.

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14

Mahmoodi-Darian, Masoomeh, Linnea Lundberg, Samuel Zöttl, Paul Scheier, and Olof Echt. "Electron Attachment and Electron Ionization of Formic Acid Clusters Embedded in Helium Nanodroplets." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 30, no. 5 (February 25, 2019): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-018-02124-z.

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15

Kheir, Jeanette F., Lidia Chomicz, Janusz Rak, Kit H. Bowen, and Michael D. Sevilla. "Radicals Formed inN-Acetylproline by Electron Attachment: Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy and Computational Studies." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 115, no. 49 (December 15, 2011): 14846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp207841m.

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16

Regeta, Khrystyna, Amit Nagarkar, Andreas F. M. Kilbinger, and Michael Allan. "Transient anions of cis- and trans-cyclooctene studied by electron-impact spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 6 (2015): 4696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04083j.

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17

Kopyra, Janina, and Eugen Illenberger. "Electron attachment to molecules studied by electron beam and electron swarm experiments." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 365-366 (May 2014): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.12.007.

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18

GORDON, E. B., and O. S. RZHEVSKY. "Optical spectroscopy of negative ions based on laser assisted electron attachment." Molecular Physics 99, no. 14 (July 20, 2001): 1209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970110043388.

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19

Bulliard, C., M. Allan, and S. Grimme. "Electron energy loss and dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy of methyl vinyl ether and related compounds." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 205, no. 1-3 (February 2001): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(00)00283-9.

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20

Denifl, S., A. Mauracher, P. Sulzer, A. Bacher, T. D. Märk, and P. Scheier. "Free electron attachment to the chloromethane CHCl3." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 265, no. 2-3 (September 2007): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.01.021.

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21

Alizadeh, E., K. Graupner, A. Mauracher, S. Haughey, A. Edtbauer, M. Probst, T. D. Märk, T. A. Field, and P. Scheier. "Electron attachment to 2-nitro-m-xylene." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 289, no. 2-3 (January 2010): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2009.10.003.

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22

Hoshino, M., P. Limão-Vieira, M. Probst, Y. Nunes, and H. Tanaka. "Dissociative electron attachment to carbonyl fluoride, F2CO." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 303, no. 2-3 (June 2011): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2011.01.013.

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23

Langer, Judith, Stefan Matejcik, and Eugen Illenberger. "Electron attachment to C2F5I molecules and clusters." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 220, no. 2 (October 2002): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(02)00668-1.

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24

Szamrej, I. "Electron attachment processes in halomethanes." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 232, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02383713.

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25

Kaczmarzyk, Tomasz, Iwona Rutkowska, and Kazimierz Dziliński. "Mössbauer spectroscopy of reduced forms of a Fe-tetraphenylporphyrine complex." Nukleonika 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0014.

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Abstract Molecular and electronic structure changes during successive reduction of a Fe-tetraphenylporphyrin chloride [Fe(III)(TPP):Cl] complex are reported on the basis of Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations. It is established that the attachment of additional electrons to a neutral Fe(III)(TPP):Cl molecule leads to significant shortening of Fe-N distances at the first stage of the reduction Fe(III)(TPP):Cl → Fe(II)(TPP) and lengthening of these bonds at the second stage Fe(II)(TPP) → Fe(I)(TPP). Changes of other bond lengths of the porphyrin ring also appear but in less degree. Interaction of Fe(II) and Fe(I)(TPP) with tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent is considered. Electron configuration of Fe(II)(TPP) corresponds to intermediate-spin (S = 1) state and in the case of Fe(I)(TPP) low-spin state (S = ½) is observed. Electron density distribution in Fe(II)- and Fe(I)(TPP) complexes, in association with Mössbauer data, is analyzed. Good correlation between experimental and theoretical results was obtained.

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26

Song, Liguo, Amber D. Wellman, Huifang Yao, and John E. Bartmess. "Negative ion-atmospheric pressure photoionization: Electron capture, dissociative electron capture, proton transfer, and anion attachment." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 18, no. 10 (October 2007): 1789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.015.

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27

Kunin, Alice, and Daniel M. Neumark. "Time-resolved radiation chemistry: femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of electron attachment and photodissociation dynamics in iodide–nucleobase clusters." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 14 (2019): 7239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07831a.

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28

Feng, Hongtao, Wenqi Niu, Haiyan Han, Chaoqun Huang, Hongmei Wang, Jan Matuska, Martin Sabo, Stefan Matejcik, Haihe Jiang, and Yannan Chu. "Rate constants of electron attachment to chlorobenzenes measured by atmospheric pressure nitrogen corona discharge electron attachment ion mobility spectrometry." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 305, no. 1 (August 2011): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2011.05.002.

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29

Martin, I., L. Amiaud, R. Azria, and A. Lafosse. "Low-energy electron driven processes in ices: Synthesis reactions and surface functionalization." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 6, no. 1 (2008): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct0801089m.

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Low-energy electrons, and subexcitation energy electrons in particular, have the ability to induce efficiently chemical modifications within condensed molecular films and at substrate surfaces. By taking advantage of the Dissociative Electron Attachment (DEA) process, which leads to selective bond cleavages, the induced reactivity can be controlled solely by the electron energy. Two illustrative examples of induced reactivity and substrate functionalization achieved by low-energy electron processing of condensed molecules studied by means of High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) are reviewed, and special interest is given to the possibility of proposing overall reaction mechanisms. The resonant decarboxylation reaction in condensed films of trifluoroacetic acid CF3COOH induced by electrons at ~1 eV involves the formation of the transient species [CF3COOH]#- and the further formation of CO2 by a concerted mechanism. Diamond substrate functionalization by CH2CN organic groups through Cdiam-C and Cdiam-N bonds is performed by 2 eV electron irradiation of condensed acetonitrile CH3CN and involves reactants formed by DEA, that are neutral radicals H? and molecular anions [H2CCN]-.

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30

Yang, Kai-Hung, Alexander K. Nguyen, Peter L. Goering, Anirudha V. Sumant, and Roger J. Narayan. "Ultrananocrystalline diamond-coated nanoporous membranes support SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cell attachment." Interface Focus 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 20170063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0063.

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Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been demonstrated to have attractive features for biomedical applications and can be combined with nanoporous membranes for applications in drug delivery systems, biosensing, immunoisolation and single molecule analysis. In this study, free-standing nanoporous UNCD membranes with pore sizes of 100 or 400 nm were fabricated by directly depositing ultrathin UNCD films on nanoporous silicon nitride membranes and then etching away silicon nitride using reactive ion etching. Successful deposition of UNCD on the substrate with a novel process was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Both sample types exhibited uniform geometry and maintained a clear hexagonal pore arrangement. Cellular attachment of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cells was examined using confocal microscopy and SEM. Attachment of SK-N-SH cells onto UNCD membranes on both porous regions and solid surfaces was shown, indicating the potential use of UNCD membranes in biomedical applications such as biosensors and tissue engineering scaffolds.

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31

Dawley, M. Michele, and Sylwia Ptasińska. "Dissociative electron attachment to gas-phase N-methylformamide." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 365-366 (May 2014): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.12.005.

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32

Szymańska, Ewelina, Nigel J. Mason, E. Krishnakumar, Carolina Matias, Andreas Mauracher, Paul Scheier, and Stephan Denifl. "Dissociative electron attachment and dipolar dissociation in ethylene." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 365-366 (May 2014): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2014.01.006.

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33

Tuinman, A. A., A. S. Lahamer, and R. N. Comptonac. "Studies of low-energy electron attachment at surfaces." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 205, no. 1-3 (February 2001): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(00)00276-1.

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34

Mohd Nizar, S. N. A., M. M. Rosli, S. A. Mohamad Samsuri, I. Abdul Razak, and S. Arshad. "Studies in the influence of D–π–A pyrenyl chalcone containing methoxy substitution as dye-sensitizer in DSSC." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1281, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1281/1/012028.

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Abstract A pyrene based chalcone (PyMe) has been prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The proposed structure was proceeded for characterization analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) studies. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) performed has determined the appropriated position of HOMO and LUMO energy level for electron injection and dye regeneration in DSSC. The Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) study has confirmed the existence of PyMe based on the distribution and composition of the elements on the TiO2 layer, respectively. The Donor–π–Acceptor (D–π–A) structural chromophores with methoxy (-OCH3) attachment in PyMe has also contribute to the power conversion efficiency of DSSC.

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35

Saqib, Muhammad, Eugene Arthur-Baidoo, Milan Ončák, and Stephan Denifl. "Electron Attachment Studies with the Potential Radiosensitizer 2-Nitrofuran." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 8906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238906.

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Nitrofurans belong to the class of drugs typically used as antibiotics or antimicrobials. The defining structural component is a furan ring with a nitro group attached. In the present investigation, electron attachment to 2-nitrofuran (C4H3NO3), which is considered as a potential radiosensitizer candidate for application in radiotherapy, has been studied in a crossed electron–molecular beams experiment. The present results indicate that low-energy electrons with kinetic energies of about 0–12 eV effectively decompose the molecule. In total, twelve fragment anions were detected within the detection limit of the apparatus, as well as the parent anion of 2-nitrofuran. One major resonance region of ≈0–5 eV is observed in which the most abundant anions NO2−, C4H3O−, and C4H3NO3− are detected. The experimental results are supported by ab initio calculations of electronic states in the resulting anion, thermochemical thresholds, connectivity between electronic states of the anion, and reactivity analysis in the hot ground state.

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36

Tung, Do Hoang, Tran Thi Thuong, Nguyen Thanh Liem, Pham Van Duong, Nghiem Thi Ha Lien, Pham Hong Minh, Andrey Alekseevich Ionin, et al. "Electrochemical Fabrication of Hybrid Plasmonic-dielectric Nanomaterial Based on Gold-diamond Clusters." Communications in Physics 27, no. 1 (February 22, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/27/1/8886.

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Hybrid plasmonic-dielectric material were fabricated by micro-discharge through water sols of sub-micrometer-sized diamonds mixed with HAuCl4 acid. Primary characterization of their deposits on a silicon wafer surface by means of electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy indicate close proximity of gold nanoparticles and diamond particles, which is supported by photoluminescence studies demonstrating strong – almost two-fold – damping of diamond luminescence owing to the attachment of gold nanoparticles. UV-near IR spectroscopy of their sols consistently exhibits small red spectral shifts for the fabricated nanomaterial, comparing to bare gold nanoparticles. Keywords: micro-diamonds, gold nanoparticles, hybrid plasmonic-dielectric material, electrochemical fabrication, electron microscopy and optical characterization.

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37

Ončák, Milan, Rebecca Meißner, Eugene Arthur-Baidoo, Stephan Denifl, Thomas F. M. Luxford, Andriy Pysanenko, Michal Fárník, Jiří Pinkas, and Jaroslav Kočišek. "Ring Formation and Hydration Effects in Electron Attachment to Misonidazole." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 4383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184383.

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We study the reactivity of misonidazole with low-energy electrons in a water environment combining experiment and theoretical modelling. The environment is modelled by sequential hydration of misonidazole clusters in vacuum. The well-defined experimental conditions enable computational modeling of the observed reactions. While the NO 2 − dissociative electron attachment channel is suppressed, as also observed previously for other molecules, the OH − channel remains open. Such behavior is enabled by the high hydration energy of OH − and ring formation in the neutral radical co-fragment. These observations help to understand the mechanism of bio-reductive drug action. Electron-induced formation of covalent bonds is then important not only for biological processes but may find applications also in technology.

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38

Long, David P., and Alessandro Troisi. "Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy of Alkane Monolayers with Dissimilar Attachment Chemistry to Gold." Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 49 (December 2007): 15303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja074970z.

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39

Meißner, Rebecca, Linda Feketeová, Eugen Illenberger, and Stephan Denifl. "Reactions in the Radiosensitizer Misonidazole Induced by Low-Energy (0–10 eV) Electrons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 3496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143496.

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Misonidazole (MISO) was considered as radiosensitizer for the treatment of hypoxic tumors. A prerequisite for entering a hypoxic cell is reduction of the drug, which may occur in the early physical-chemical stage of radiation damage. Here we study electron attachment to MISO and find that it very effectively captures low energy electrons to form the non-decomposed molecular anion. This associative attachment (AA) process is exclusively operative within a very narrow resonance right at threshold (zero electron energy). In addition, a variety of negatively charged fragments are observed in the electron energy range 0–10 eV arising from dissociative electron attachment (DEA) processes. The observed DEA reactions include single bond cleavages (formation of NO2−), multiple bond cleavages (excision of CN−) as well as complex reactions associated with rearrangement in the transitory anion and formation of new molecules (loss of a neutral H2O unit). While any of these AA and DEA processes represent a reduction of the MISO molecule, the radicals formed in the course of the DEA reactions may play an important role in the action of MISO as radiosensitizer inside the hypoxic cell. The present results may thus reveal details of the molecular description of the action of MISO in hypoxic cells.

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40

Schafer, Olivier, Michael Allan, Guenter Szeimies, and Maximilian Sanktjohanser. "Low-energy electron impact spectroscopy of [1.1.1.]propellane: electron attachment energies and singlet and triplet excited states." Journal of the American Chemical Society 114, no. 21 (October 1992): 8180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00047a030.

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41

Postler, Johannes, Marcelo M. Goulart, Carolina Matias, Andreas Mauracher, Filipe Ferreira da Silva, Paul Scheier, Paulo Limão-Vieira, and Stephan Denifl. "Dissociative Electron Attachment to the Nitroamine HMX (Octahydro-1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine)." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 24, no. 5 (March 13, 2013): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-013-0588-y.

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42

Асфандиаров, Н. Л., М. В. Муфтахов, А. М. Сафронов, Р. В. Галеев, and С. А. Пшеничнюк. "Нековалентные структуры отрицательных ионов, образующиеся при диссоциативном захвате электронов молекулами." Журнал технической физики 92, no. 11 (2022): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.11.53437.157-22.

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The method of dissociative electron attachment (DEA) spectroscopy was used to study the attachment of electrons to 1-chloronaphthalene molecules. It has been established that the dominant channel for the decay of molecular ions is the formation of Clˉ ions in three resonances at 0.7, 1.5, and 3.0 eV. Ions [M-H]ˉ and [M-Cl]ˉ are observed at energies from 3.5 to 8.5 eV and have two to three orders of magnitude lower formation cross sections. Long-lived molecular ions were not registered. Calculations in the DFT CAM B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) approximation predict the presence of six stable anionic structures in which the chlorine anion is coordinated to the neutral residue via noncovalent H–Clˉ–H bonds. The electron affinity of the most stable of these structures coincides with the experimentally measured value EAa=0.2771±0.003 eV. These results agree with the previously obtained data on the DEA of molecules of bromine-substituted biphenyls, naphthalenes, and anthracenes and confirm the existence of anionic structures with non-covalent H–Hal–H bonds. Such non-covalent anion structures should be extremely reactive, which makes them promising for the synthesis of self-assembling hydrocarbon nanomembranes.

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43

Shrestha, Sabita, and Chong Yun Park. "Deposition of Titania Nanoparticles on the Surface of Acid Treated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 117 (June 2010): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.117.27.

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Titanium dioxide (Titania, TiO2) nanoparticles have been deposited on the surface of acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by simple chemical route. The resultant TiO2/MWCNTs composites were characterized by different techniques. The oxidation of MWCNTs and presence of titania nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TEM image shows the size of titania nanoparticles are around 5 nm. Raman spectroscopy showed the oxidation and functionalization of nanotubes. The TGA curve showed decrease in thermal decomposition temperature of MWCNTs after oxidation and attachment with titania nanoparticles.

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44

Tanzer, K., A. Pelc, S. E. Huber, M. A. Śmiałek, P. Scheier, M. Probst, and S. Denifl. "Low energy electron attachment to platinum(II) bromide (PtBr2)." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 365-366 (May 2014): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.11.016.

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45

Li, Meng-Yang, Xiao-Fei Gao, Xu-Dong Wang, Hao Li, and Shan Xi Tian. "S−velocity images of dissociative electron attachment to OCS." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 404 (June 2016): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2016.03.010.

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46

Nandi, D., S. A. Rangwala, S. V. K. Kumar, and E. Krishnakumar. "Absolute cross sections for dissociative electron attachment to NF3." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 205, no. 1-3 (February 2001): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(00)00270-0.

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Rucki, A., and C. Lee. "A Copper Leadframe Oxidation Investigation by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037995.

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Copper alloys are widely used as a leadframe (chip carrier) material in plastic packaged semiconductor devices. The oxidation of Cu leadframes during the assembly process can result in poor adhesion between the moulding compound and the die-pad. This often leads to interfacial delamination and contributes to popcorn cracking during the component-board attachment process. The main cause of poor adhesion has been attributed to the weak Cu oxide(s) layer on the leadframe surface. Studies have shown that the moulding compound/leadframe adhesion decreases with increasing oxide thickness.The aim of this investigation is to give a detailed analysis of the phase formation of a CuNiSi alloy during oxidation and to identify the locus of failure for the interfacial delamination. The Cu leadframes were oxidized in an air oven at 240° C for up to 200 min exposures before encapsulation. A scanning acoustic microscope was used to locate delamination regions along the moulding compound/leadframe interface.

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Modelli, Alberto, and Hans-Dieter Martin. "Electron attachment to gas-phase cubane (C8H8)." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 134, no. 2-3 (February 2004): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2003.11.003.

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Mukherjee, Ahana, Munesh Kumari, and Ranjita Ghosh Moulick. "Post-synthesis treatment of graphene oxide/silica particles nanocomposite with piranha acid for functionalization." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ac4168.

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Abstract The discovery of 2D materials has led researchers to a broad material platform. Their excellent physical, chemical and electrical properties along with the layered structure have found applications in various fields. However, these materials also have limitations and functionalisation is one of the mechanisms that improves their properties. In our previous work, we observed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) after covalent attachment of protein to the graphene nanocomposite where piranha acid was used to generate the functional groups. The current work describes the synthesis and characterisation of a graphene oxide-silica particle nanocomposite after piranha acid treatment at different time intervals. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were performed to indicate structural changes which facilitated the protein attachment. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the sample which was piranha acid activated for 3 min displayed better arrangement of silica particles on the graphene sheets with exposition of the highest net surface area in the graphene sheet, compared to the other samples and determined to be the best functionalised nanocomposite for further applications. Morphological instability of the graphene sheets and clustering of silica particles were observed in the samples treated for more than 3 min. Interestingly, the same degree of graphitisation was observed in all the samples when I D /I G ratios {(≤0.99) ≠ 0} were determined by Raman spectroscopy.

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Khatymov, Roustem V., Mars V. Muftakhov, and Victor A. Mazunov. "Phenol, chlorobenzene and chlorophenol isomers: resonant states and dissociative electron attachment." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 17, no. 20 (2003): 2327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1197.

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