Academic literature on the topic 'Electromechanical protection device'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electromechanical protection device"
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Attary, Navid, M. Symans, and S. Nagarajaiah. "Development of a rotation-based negative stiffness device for seismic protection of structures." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 5 (August 9, 2016): 853–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315585435.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers worldwide have developed various semi-active control devices for seismic protection of structures. Most of these devices are electromechanical in nature and thus require a power source for their operation. In this paper, a newly developed rotation-based mechanical adaptive passive device is presented. These unique devices are able to mechanically change stiffness, either by adding positive or negative stiffness, by using different types of rotational elements. The devices are compact due to their use of rotational elements, facilitating their implementation in structures. The conceptual development of these devices is presented herein along with analytical models and numerical simulation results that demonstrate their potential for providing seismic protection. In addition, an extension of the stiffness modulation concept is introduced wherein damping is modulated.
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Vinogradov, A. V., A. V. Vinogradova, M. O. Ward, A. N. Kharkhardin, A. I. Psaryov, and T. I. Afanasyeva. "Choice of commutation device and development of the scheme of a universal sectionalizing point with automatic load transfer function for the 0.38 kV electric network." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912402011.
Full textAbstract:
The overestimated length of rural power lines of 0.38 kV leads to the fact that it is often not possible to fulfill both the sensitivity conditions of the protective device installed at the transformer substation and protecting the line from overloads and short circuits, and the requirements of the power supply reliability of consumers. This problem can be solved by installing in-line universal sectionalizing point equipped with an automatic load transfer function. The use of these devices allows dividing a line into sections provides the necessary sensitivity of protection for each section of the line and the possibility of supplying power to undamaged areas from a backup power source. In addition, only with the use of automated switching devices installed in power lines, it is possible to create intelligent electrical networks. When developing these devices, it is necessary to take into account the electromechanical characteristics of switching devices that are planned to be used for switching lines.
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A., HADAI. "Overview of calculation verification methods of current transformers which work in relay protection circuits." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 27, no. 2 (November 28, 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2022-2-25-34.
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Systematized existing methods of calculation verification of current transformers that work in the circuits of modern relay protection devices. The requirements of the Ukrainian rules for the arrangement of electrical installations differ from the requirements of the standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission IES 61869-2. The difference concerns the absence of contact vibration and not exceeding the maximum allowable current error of 50% in the case of an internal short circuit is a separate case of the requirements for electromechanical protections and these requirements cannot be used for microprocessor protection devices. For any relay protection device, there is no concept of the permissible value of "voltages at the current inputs". The voltage at the terminals of the secondary winding and the voltage at the "input of the relay protection device" are two completely different voltages. There are no methods for calculating errors in the case of switching on protection based on the sum of the currents. Companies producing microprocessor relay protection devices specify in their instructions individual requirements for current transformers for each individual device. Compliance with these requirements guarantees the correct operation of the relay protection even for large values of the time constant of the primary network. Leading manufacturers of microprocessor relay protection devices develop and recommend software tools for checking the correct selection of current transformers. But they are not freely available. To increase the accuracy of the calculation of the limit multiplicity, it is advisable to use complex supports of the secondary winding and load of current transformers. Depending on the initial data and conditions, the permissible load resistance can be calculated using four methods. The question of whether the allowable load of a current transformer can exceed its nominal load requires further research. The scientific novelty is consists in the systematization of existing methods of calculation verification of current transformers that work in the circles of modern relay protection devices. The practical significance of the work is that checking current transformers that are connected to microprocessor relay protection devices do not need to check the maximum permissible current error of 50%; to check the correct operation of microprocessor relay protection devices, it is advisable to use the instructions for the requirements for current transformers of device manufacturers; for a more accurate calculation of the limit multiplicity, it is advisable to use complex supports of the secondary winding and load of current transformers.
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Chirca, Mihai, Marius Dranca, Claudiu Alexandru Oprea, Petre-Dorel Teodosescu, Alexandru Madalin Pacuraru, Calin Neamtu, and Stefan Breban. "Electronically Controlled Actuators for a Micro Wind Turbine Furling Mechanism." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164207.
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This paper presents two electromechanical systems used for the overspeed protection of small wind turbines. The actuators have the purpose of rotating the back rudder (tail vane) of the wind turbine when the blades are overspeeding. The rudder rotation angle is 90 degrees in order to completely turn the wind turbine blades away from the wind flow direction. The first device is a new limited-angle torque electromechanical actuator consisting of a device with a simplified structure composed of four permanent magnets (two on each side) glued on a rotor mounted between two stator poles built from ordinary rectangular construction pipes and an electronic control unit. The second device is based on a regular stepper motor actuator with a reduction gear and an appropriate control scheme to maximize the energy harvested at high, over-nominal wind speeds. A generic comparison is provided for the proposed solutions.
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Anderson, David A., Andrew D. Brown, Nathaniel Greene, Theodore F. Argo, and Bruno Mary. "Development of an in-ear microphone for individualized measurement of hearing protection device output." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010644.
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Hearing protection devices (HPDs) are designed to reduce the amplitude of sound reaching the ear, but can also distort the acoustical cues necessary for sound localization. In order to quantify the acoustic impact of an HPD on the signal reaching the tympanic membrane, the signals deep in the ear canal with and without the HPD must be compared. While some commercial microphone solutions for measuring in-ear pressures with HPDs exist, they are device-specific and/or may not provide reliable isolation of the microphone transducer from the (potentially high-intensity) ambient sound field. Here, we describe a new assembly using a small MEMS microphone attached to the end of a thin flexible circuit, which can be inserted either alongside or through virtually any HPD. Following a description of the electromechanical design of the assembly, we present measurements of insertion loss for HPDs with and without the microphone using an acoustic test fixture. These measurements demonstrate that the presence of the microphone does not significantly disrupt the sound attenuation characteristics of a range of HPDs. Preliminary measurements of insertion loss and head-related transfer functions in human subjects are also presented.
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Seetharaman, Krishnan, Bart van Velzen, Johannes van Wingerden, Hans van Zadelhoff, Cadmus Yuan, Frank Rietveld, Coen Tak, Joost van Beek, Peter H. C. Magnée, and Herman C. W. Beijerinck. "A Robust Thin-Film Wafer-Level Packaging Approach for MEMS Devices." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.270.
Full textAbstract:
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are extremely sensitive to their environment, especially at the wafer level, until they are packaged in final form. The harsh back-end (BE) operations that the MEMS devices have to endure include dicing, pick-and-place, wire bonding, and molding. During these processing steps, the MEMS device is exposed to particles and contaminants. Therefore, protection at an early stage is a fundamental requirement. We describe a silicon nitride thin-film capping, which is processed using a sacrificial layer technique only with front-end technology. This approach is suitable for mass production of MEMS devices, owing to the fact that it is more cost-effective when compared to other approaches such as wafer-to-wafer bonding and die-to-wafer bonding. A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator that finds application in the radio frequency (RF) front end, for example, in cell phones, is taken as a MEMS vehicle for our work. It is an example of an extremely sensitive MEMS device, because the resonance frequency shifts significantly when additional mass is accidentally deposited on its surface. The thickness of the silicon nitride capping that is required to withstand all the BE steps, in particular transfer molding, is estimated using simple analytical calculations and finite element model (FEM) simulations. The pressure acting on the thin film capping and the thermal load during molding are included in the FEM model. Using this, the minimum thickness required for the capping is determined. We prove that a BAW resonator capped with silicon nitride at the wafer level can be wafer-thinned, diced, wire bonded, and molded without major degradation in performance.
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Seetharaman, Krishnan, Bart van Velzen, Hans van Zadelhoff, Cadmus Yuan, Frank Rietveld, Coen Tak, Joost van Beek, et al. "A Robust Wafer-Level Capping Approach for MEMS Devices." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 000891–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-tp21.
Full textAbstract:
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are extremely sensitive to their environment, especially at wafer-level, until they are packaged in final form. The harsh back-end (BE) operations that the MEMS devices have to endure include dicing, pick-and-place, wire bonding and molding. During these processing steps, the MEMS device is exposed to particles and contaminants. Therefore, protection at an early stage is a fundamental requirement. In this work, we describe a silicon nitride thin-film capping, which is processed using a sacrificial layer technique only with front-end technology. This approach is suitable for mass production of MEMS devices, owing to the fact that, it is more cost-effective when compared to other approaches such as wafer-to-wafer bonding and die-to-wafer bonding. A Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonator, that finds application in the Radio Frequency (RF) front end, e.g., in cell phones, is taken as a MEMS vehicle for our work. It is an example of an extremely sensitive MEMS device, because the resonance frequency shifts significantly when additional mass is accidentally deposited on its surface. The thickness of the silicon nitride capping that is required to withstand all the BE steps, in particular transfer molding, is estimated using simple analytical calculations and finite element model (FEM) simulations. The pressure acting on the thin film capping and the thermal load during molding are included in the FEM model. Using this, the minimum thickness required for the capping is determined. We prove that, a BAW resonator capped with silicon nitride at wafer-level can be wafer-thinned, diced, wire bonded and molded without major degradation in its performance.
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Nie, Xiao Yu, Zhi Xiang Li, Lei Bai, and Geng Weng. "Research and Realization for the System of Coal Mine Ventilation System." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4603.
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Coal mining is an integrated trade which involves the geology, well ventilated, transportation, electricity and environmental protection and so on. The mining industry has labor intensity, bad work condition, many harm factors. Each kind of virulent noxious gas, coal dust, fire, electromechanical device are all immediate danger to operate personnel's safety and healthy. Well-balanced and suitable ventilation is the postulate to keep the health of underground worker and the safety of the production. We take air quantity of laneway as the research emphasis, considering the release of state regulations on coal min. We figure out the optimum area of air quantity via building the optimization programming model, and realize an actual case study to interpret the process of the probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) with statistic theory. We take the theory to the actual production. We establish a MIS base on the theory. In the process of establishing the system, we use the object-oriented analysis method and the B/S structure, take JAVA as the development kit, and realize the risk analysis system. Then the risk manager can take the corresponding monitoring measure.
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Contell Asins, Conchin, Volker Landersheim, Dominik Laveuve, Seiji Adachi, Michael May, Jens-David Wacker, and Julia Decker. "Analysis and Design of a Leading Edge with Morphing Capabilities for the Wing of a Regional Aircraft—Gapless Chord- and Camber-Increase for High-Lift Performance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062752.
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In order to contribute to achieving noise and emission reduction goals, Fraunhofer and Airbus deal with the development of a morphing leading edge (MLE) as a high lift device for aircraft. Within the European research program “Clean Sky 2”, a morphing leading edge with gapless chord- and camber-increase for high-lift performance was developed. The MLE is able to morph into two different aerofoils—one for cruise and one for take-off/landing, the latter increasing lift and stall angle over the former. The shape flexibility is realised by a carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) skin optimised for bending and a sliding contact at the bottom. The material is selected in terms of type, thickness, and lay-up including ply-wise fibre orientation based on numerical simulation and material tests. The MLE is driven by an internal electromechanical actuation system. Load introduction into the skin is realised by span-wise stringers, which require specific stiffness and thermal expansion properties for this task. To avoid the penetration of a bird into the front spar of the wing in case of bird strike, a bird strike protection structure is proposed and analysed. In this paper, the designed MLE including aerodynamic properties, composite skin structure, actuation system, and bird strike behaviour is described and analysed.
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Flaxer, Eli. "Principles, design and implementation of a direct AC-to-AC power converter—Regulated electronic transformer." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 114710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122782.
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In the last three decades, the energy conversion market has been dominated by switching power converters due to reduction of size and cost of electronic components. This market includes four types of conversion: DC–DC, DC–AC, AC–DC, and AC–AC. While the first three types are applied directly in a single conversion, the AC–AC converter is comprised of two serial converters leading to an AC–DC–AC conversion. This article introduces, for the first time, a real direct single-stage AC–AC conversion electronic transformer. The single stage AC–AC converter is fabricated using a unique high efficiency topology, combined with the advantages of dual-stage power-quality protection. This single-stage AC–AC regulated electronic transformer is stabilized, controlled, protected, and can lock onto any line voltage (110 or 220 V) with a frequency of 45–65 Hz. Stabilization is achieved by fast pulse-width modulation technology, applied by two-way fast solid-state switches. The transformer is controlled by a 150 MHz digital signal processor and is fully protected against overcurrent and output short circuits. Our first stage transformer is a single-phase device with 5 kW power with an efficiency of better than 97% with one-tenth of the weight and volume of present conventional electromechanical transformers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electromechanical protection device"
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Liu, Yang. "Generic substation event monitoring based on IEC 61850 and IEEE 1588 standards." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/97878.
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Electricity has become not only an essential element to people’s everyday life but also the most important power source to most industries and businesses. The continuously increasing demand of electricity consumption has resulted in a consistent expansion of power grid as it was seen in the past few decades. This in turn has dramatically increased the cost of electricity during the same period in Australia. In contrast, the recently recorded low economic activities and significant growth of rooftop photovoltaic has led to a reduction in the forecasted electricity demand in Australia. This has resulted a reduced number of network augmentation projects for most electric utilities across the country. Instead, the substation refurbishment work has become the focus for most electric utilities in the foreseeable future. Such sharp turning point of trend has placed an enormous challenge in front of electric utilities on how to make the power system operation more cost effective and preserve a high level of reliability and security. In response to the challenge, the integration of advanced technologies with the existing power system has been recognised as a viable solution. The international standard IEC 61850 for substation communication system has gained momentum globally to be implemented in power utility automation systems. The flexibility and vendor independent feature of the standard inspired a range of innovative approaches for power grid projects including substation refurbishment work.
This research aims to develop and verify a vendor independent device, which is named as substation event monitor, with the capability of interfacing the legacy and existing substation automation system equipment to the modern intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) over Ethernet network in a non-intrusive and cost effective manner. The substation event monitor is also equipped with the ability of providing synchronised time information at the accuracy level of ±1 microsecond over the same communication infrastructure via IEEE 1588 standard, also called the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The created device is suitable for substation refurbishment work and has the potential in many other utility applications, such as network state estimation and substation commissioning. This thesis takes a bottom-up approach to the form of information on the construction and verification of substation event monitor. It begins with the provision of the critical review on the detailed knowledge of both international standards of IEC 61850 and IEEE 1588. This work was needed because there is lack of concise, publicly available and informative material on these complex standards for power utility engineers. The thesis is then expanded with the in-depth design information on the developed prototype of substation event monitor. Finally, the verification results of the prototype device were produced at both component level and system level in this thesis. The provision of the comprehensive knowledge of the prototype device will deliver confidence to utility engineers in considering the adoption of substation event monitor as a low cost, non-intrusive, IEC 61850 compatible and synchronised IED that meets the needs of substation refurbishment work and other potential power utility applications.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2015
Books on the topic "Electromechanical protection device"
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Electronics technology handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Electromechanical protection device"
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Moreno-Rabel, M. Dolores, and J. Álvaro Fernández-Muñoz. "Vision-Based Protective Devices." In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 187–214. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1025-3.ch009.
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Machine Safety is a growing technical discipline with a strong basis in the development of electrical and electronic devices, commonly known as Safety Protective Devices (SPDs). SPDs are designed to avoid or at least mitigate those risks associated with a particular human-machinery interaction. Ranging from conceptually simple electromechanical Emergency Stop Devices (ESDs) to the more complex Active Optoelectronic Protective Devices (AOPDs), a place for Real-Time Digital Video Processing has recently been open for research in Machine Safety. This chapter is intended to explore the standardized features of the so-called Vision-Based Protective Devices (VBPDs), their current technical development and principal applications in Machine Safety, with a stress on prominent vision-related implementation issues.
Conference papers on the topic "Electromechanical protection device"
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Wilcox, Bryan, and Harry Dankowicz. "Design of Limit-Switch Sensors Based on Discontinuity-Induced Nonlinearities." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86560.
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Limit-switch sensors are input-output devices that switch operating state in reaction to the crossing of a threshold value of their input. These are used to monitor and control critical values of temperature, voltage, pressure, etc. in both consumer and industrial settings. This paper argues for exploiting nonsmooth fold bifurcations in the design of ultrafast and robust, resettable, electromechanical limit switches. Specifically, the discussion emphasizes the dramatic changes in system response associated with the onset of near-grazing, low-velocity contact in vibro-impacting systems. These include rapid transient dynamics away from a pre-grazing, periodic, steady-state trajectory following the onset of impacts and post-grazing steady-state trajectories with distinctly different amplitude and frequency content. The results reported here include an experimental and computational verification of the ultrafast transient growth rates that show a significant potential for dramatic improvement in sensor performance. Moreover, two novel candidate sensor designs are discussed that rely on the post-grazing response characteristics for device function. In the first instance, transduction of a change in the response periodicity following grazing in a mechanical device is detected in a coupled electromagnetic circuit. In the second instance, a snap-through post-grazing response forms the operating principle of a capacitively-driven circuit protection device.
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Homentcovschi, Dorel, Weili Cui, and Ronald N. Miles. "Modelling of Viscous Squeeze-Film Damping and the Edge Correction for Perforated Microstructures Having a Special Pattern of Holes." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35712.
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This paper contains an analysis of the squeeze-film damping in micro-electromechanical devices having a planar microstructure containing a repetitive pattern of oval holes. The planar microstructures containing oval holes assure a better protection against dust particles and water drops than the microstructures having circular holes. Consequently, they should be preferred in designing protective surfaces for microphones working in natural environment. Analytical formulas are provided for designing a planar microstructure with a periodic system of staggered holes to create a structure having minimum squeeze-film damping with an assigned open area. For the planar microstructures containing aligned oval holes an edge correction is given which accounts for the finite size of real structures.
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Meis, Catherine, Reza Montazami, and Nastaran Hashemi. "Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators for On-Chip Sample Processing Integrated With Microflow Cytometer." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14441.
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As interest in and potential uses for microfluidic and optofluidic analytical techniques grows, the need for on-chip, automated sample processing becomes increasingly important because this aspect is critical to allowing the devices to be commercially feasible and practical. One such design that implements on-chip processing is using ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators to perform mixing of particles in the microchannel and using a single magnet positioned beneath the channel to trap the magnetic beads. IEAP actuators consist of a central ionic membrane with conductive network composite (CNC) layers on either side. Gold electrodes placed on the outside of CNC layers are connected to a metal anode and cathode. When subjected to an electric field, the ions in the actuator move, electromechanically causing the entire length of the actuator to flex [1]. Although most actuators to date have been developed for use in air rather than in solutions, we have adapted previously developed actuators by optimizing their electromechanical functions to suit our needs and coating them in a protective film. The actuators are embedded in a microchannel in different configurations, which are then tested to determine which configuration most effectively trapped, mixed, and released the magnetic beads. The most effective configuration will subsequently be used to perform automated sample processing for an assay.
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Mare, Jean-Charles, and Silvio Akitani. "Foundation for Virtual Prototyping of Mechanical Power Management Functions in Actuators." In BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2018-8895.
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Beside the main functions related to the control and transformation of power, safety-critical electromechanical actuators require many additional functions for power routing, protection and limitation. In practice, these functions are implemented mechanically because their realization at motor drive level is not acceptable for performance and reliability reasons. Contact forces play a major role in these mechanical devices (e.g. endstop, lock, brake, torque limiter, etc.), being either functional to serve the need, or parasitic due to their alteration of performance. The virtual prototyping of such mechanical power management functions therefore requires normal and tangent forces to be modelled with the right level of realism and reduced complexity. This communication provides some proposals to be used as foundation for the system-level modelling and simulation of these types of mechanical power elements that can be found in electromechanical actuators. Special focus is given to the model architecting, decomposition and block-diagram implementation, using the example of normal contact forces. The illustrative example concerns an integrated landing gear extension/retraction electromechanical actuator which embeds free-fall and autolock features. It shows how a well implemented single model (e.g. generic normal contact force model) combined with a right model decomposition can meet various modelling needs (e.g. droppable end-stop, lock and shearable axial stop). The proposed models are made compatible for integration in a 2x1D mechanical model architecture (axial and rotational motion) developed by the authors in previous reported work.