Journal articles: 'ELECTROMECHANICAL FRAMEWORK'

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Trayanova, Natalia A., Jason Constantino, and Viatcheslav Gurev. "Electromechanical models of the ventricles." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 2 (August 2011): H279—H286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00324.2011.

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Computational modeling has traditionally played an important role in dissecting the mechanisms for cardiac dysfunction. Ventricular electromechanical models, likely the most sophisticated virtual organs to date, integrate detailed information across the spatial scales of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanics and are capable of capturing the emergent behavior and the interaction between electrical activation and mechanical contraction of the heart. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the latest advancements in multiscale electromechanical modeling of the ventricles. We first detail the general framework of multiscale ventricular electromechanical modeling and describe the state of the art in computational techniques and experimental validation approaches. The powerful utility of ventricular electromechanical models in providing a better understanding of cardiac function is then demonstrated by reviewing the latest insights obtained by these models, focusing primarily on the mechanisms by which mechanoelectric coupling contributes to ventricular arrythmogenesis, the relationship between electrical activation and mechanical contraction in the normal heart, and the mechanisms of mechanical dyssynchrony and resynchronization in the failing heart. Computational modeling of cardiac electromechanics will continue to complement basic science research and clinical cardiology and holds promise to become an important clinical tool aiding the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease.

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Zeng, Qing Liang, Bin Zhang, Zhi Hai Liu, Hong Xi Kang, and Zai Chao Wu. "Coal Mine Electromechanical Equipment Online Management Platform Development Based on Web." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2818.

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In this paper, an implementation framework of electromechanical equipment online management was put forward by studying on key technology of coal mine electromechanical equipment online management based on web. Based on ASP.NET technology, C# as development language, Oracle10g database for data processing, it realized cross-regional and inter-provinces multi-sector information online management, information sharing and report form processing, improved electromechanical equipment management efficiency of mine enterprises and reduced management costs.

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Xie, Yu, Zhigang Wu, and Erzhuan Zhou. "Parallel Simulation of The Electromechanical Transient Phenomena of Power System via Modern Software Development Technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2195, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2195/1/012049.

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Abstract The simulation of power system electromechanical transient phenomena is highly dependent on the knowledge and model of special domain. For this reason, traditional parallelization of the simulation must be coupled with concrete algorithm and code. In this paper, a parallelized electromechanical transient simulation program is proposed based on the open-source simulation engine called InterPSS and general open object-oriented modelling framework. The correctness and effectiveness of this framework have been verified by a large-scale simulation case.

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Gao, Lei. "Study on the Low Carbonization of Highway Electromechanical System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.63.

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Based on the low carbonization connotation and components of highway electromechanical system, the low carbonization of highway electromechanical system is divided into five major sections: low carbonization of power supply and distribution system, low carbonization of lighting system, low carbonization of charging system, low carbonization of monitoring and communication system, low carbonization of energy use. And for each section the key management and technologies of low carbonization are summarized, thus to form the low carbonization system framework for highway electromechanical system.

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Albright, Tyler, and Jared Hobeck. "Investigating the Electromechanical Properties of Carbon Black-Based Conductive Polymer Composites via Stochastic Modeling." Nanomaterials 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2023): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13101641.

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Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have shown potential for structural health monitoring applications based on repeated findings of irreversible transducer electromechanical property change due to fatigue. In this research, a high-fidelity stochastic modeling framework is explored for predicting the electromechanical properties of spherical element-based CPC materials at bulk scales. CPC dogbone specimens are manufactured via casting and their electromechanical properties are characterized via uniaxial tensile testing. Model parameter tuning, demonstrated in previous works, is deployed for improved simulation fidelity. Modeled predictions are found in agreement with experimental results and compared to predictions from a popular analytical model in the literature.

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Amrhein, Marco, and Philip T. Krein. "3-D Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Framework for Modeling Electromechanical Devices." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 24, no. 2 (June 2009): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2009.2016134.

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Li, Zhanfeng, Chennakesava Kadapa, Mokarram Hossain, and Jiong Wang. "A numerical framework for the simulation of coupled electromechanical growth." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 414 (September 2023): 116128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116128.

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Talbot, Hugo, Stéphanie Marchesseau, Christian Duriez, Maxime Sermesant, Stéphane Cotin, and Hervé Delingette. "Towards an interactive electromechanical model of the heart." Interface Focus 3, no. 2 (April 6, 2013): 20120091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2012.0091.

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In this work, we develop an interactive framework for rehearsal of and training in cardiac catheter ablation, and for planning cardiac resynchronization therapy. To this end, an interactive and real-time electrophysiology model of the heart is developed to fit patient-specific data. The proposed interactive framework relies on two main contributions. First, an efficient implementation of cardiac electrophysiology is proposed, using the latest graphics processing unit computing techniques. Second, a mechanical simulation is then coupled to the electrophysiological signals to produce realistic motion of the heart. We demonstrate that pathological mechanical and electrophysiological behaviour can be simulated.

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Moura, Adriane G., and Alper Erturk. "Combined piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects in resonant dynamics of nanocantilevers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 20 (October 12, 2018): 3949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18803441.

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We establish and analyze an analytical framework by accounting for both the piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects in bimorph cantilevers. The focus is placed on the development of governing electroelastodynamic piezoelectric–flexoelectric equations for the problems of resonant energy harvesting, sensing, and actuation. The coupled governing equations are analyzed to obtain closed-form frequency response expressions via modal analysis. The combined piezoelectric–flexoelectric coupling coefficient expression is identified and its size dependence is explored. Specifically, a typical atomistic value of the flexoelectric constant for barium titanate is employed in the model simulations along with its piezoelectric constant from the existing literature. It is shown that the effective electromechanical coupling of a piezoelectric material, such as barium titanate, is significantly enhanced for thickness levels below 100 nm. The electromechanical coupling coefficient of a barium titanate bimorph cantilever increases from the bulk piezoelectric value of 0.065 to the combined piezoelectric–flexoelectric value exceeding 0.3 toward nanometer thickness level. Electromechanical frequency response functions for resonant power generation and dynamic actuation also capture the size-dependent enhancement of the electromechanical coupling. The analytical framework given here can be used for parameter identification and design of nanoscale cantilevers that can be used as energy harvesters, sensors, and actuators.

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Schlegel, Holger, Arvid Hellmich, Kevin Hipp, Johannes Quellmalz, and Reimund Neugebauer. "Improved Controller Performance for Electromechanical Axes." Solid State Phenomena 251 (July 2016): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.251.113.

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The cascaded position control structure is state of the art in modern production machines and machine tools. Since an adequate controller performance of the electromechanical axes is still a key aspect for a resource efficient and high-quality production, this topic is addressed by the paper. An overall approach/framework to monitor and ensure an improved controller performance over time, comprising five tangible approaches is presented. All methodologies were developed in the department for control and feedback control technologies of the Technische Universitaet Chemnitz. They will be demonstrated and also be discussed based on experimental results.

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Ding, Wei Tao, Lin Xue An, Chun Ming Wang, Yu Ping Huang, Teng Long, and Meng Long Jiang. "Multidisciplinary Integrated Simulation and Design Optimization Framework for Electromechanical Servo System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.263.

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This paper presents a tailored multidisciplinary integrated simulation and design optimization framework for electromechanical servo system (MISDOF-EMSS). The work intends to develop flexible integrated simulation techniques and efficient MDO methods to design advanced electromechanical servo systems in modern industries in a more effective and efficient manner. The proposed framework was developed based on ModelCenter commercial MDO framework because of its opening architecture for process integration and algorithm extension. The hardware and software configurations of MISDOF-EMSS were introduced at first in terms of the application requirements. Parametric geometry modeling toolkit was developed based on Pro-E, which provides the unique geometry source to link various disciplinary simulations. All the disciplinary analysis models were implemented in batch mode using automation techniques, and then seamlessly integrated in MISDOF-EMSS by using ModelCenter’s Filewrapper protocol. Advanced MDO methods including optimization algorithms, surrogate modeling techniques, MDO strategies are implemented in MISDOF-EMSS using Plug-in interface, VB script and Marco in ModelCenter. Finally, an application case of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) optimization was performed to verify the practicability and applicability of the proposed MISDOF-EMSS.

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Gizzi, Alessio, Christian Cherubini, Simonetta Filippi, and Anna Pandolfi. "Theoretical and Numerical Modeling of Nonlinear Electromechanics with applications to Biological Active Media." Communications in Computational Physics 17, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.091213.260614a.

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AbstractWe present a general theoretical framework for the formulation of the nonlinear electromechanics of polymeric and biological active media. The approach developed here is based on the additive decomposition of the Helmholtz free energy in elastic and inelastic parts and on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient in passive and active parts. We describe a thermodynamically sound scenario that accounts for geometric and material nonlinearities. In view of numerical applications, we specialize the general approach to a particular material model accounting for the behavior of fiber reinforced tissues. Specifically, we use the model to solve via finite elements a uniaxial electromechanical problem dynamically activated by an electrophysiological stimulus. Implications for nonlinear solid mechanics and computational electrophysiology are finally discussed.

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Jiang, Y., J. M. Gao, G. Sun, R. X. Wang, P. F. Zhang, K. Chen, and D. Y. Ma. "Fault correlation analysis-based framework for reliability deployment of electromechanical system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 504 (April 26, 2019): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/504/1/012113.

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Jiménez-Guarneros, Magdiel, Jonas Grande-Barreto, and Jose de Jesus Rangel-Magdaleno. "Multiclass Incremental Learning for Fault Diagnosis in Induction Motors Using Fine-Tuning with a Memory of Exemplars and Nearest Centroid Classifier." Shock and Vibration 2021 (October 27, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627740.

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Early detection of fault events through electromechanical systems operation is one of the most attractive and critical data challenges in modern industry. Although these electromechanical systems tend to experiment with typical faults, a common event is that unexpected and unknown faults can be presented during operation. However, current models for automatic detection can learn new faults at the cost of forgetting concepts previously learned. This article presents a multiclass incremental learning (MCIL) framework based on 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) for fault detection in induction motors. The presented framework tackles the forgetting problem by storing a representative exemplar set from past data (known faults) in memory. Then, the 1D CNN is fine-tuned over the selected exemplar set and data from new faults. Test samples are classified using nearest centroid classifier (NCC) in the feature space from 1D CNN. The proposed framework was evaluated and validated over two public datasets for fault detection in induction motors (IMs): asynchronous motor common fault (AMCF) and Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). Experimental results reveal the proposed framework as an effective solution to incorporate and detect new induction motor faults to already known, with a high accuracy performance across different incremental phases.

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Nitti, Alessandro, Josef Kiendl, Alessio Gizzi, Alessandro Reali, and Marco D. de Tullio. "A curvilinear isogeometric framework for the electromechanical activation of thin muscular tissues." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 382 (August 2021): 113877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2021.113877.

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Baldo, Leonardo, Ivana Querques, Matteo Davide Lorenzo Dalla Vedova, and Paolo Maggiore. "A Model-Based Prognostic Framework for Electromechanical Actuators Based on Metaheuristic Algorithms." Aerospace 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2023): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030293.

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The deployment of electro-mechanical actuators plays an important role towards the adoption of the more electric aircraft (MEA) philosophy. On the other hand, a seamless substitution of EMAs, in place of more traditional hydraulic solutions, is still set back, due to the shortage of real-life and reliability data regarding their failure modes. One way to work around this problem is providing a capillary EMA prognostics and health management (PHM) system capable of recognizing failures before they actually undermine the ability of the safety-critical system to perform its functions. The aim of this work is the development of a model-based prognostic framework for PMSM-based EMAs leveraging a metaheuristic algorithm: the evolutionary (differential evolution (DE)) and swarm intelligence (particle swarm (PSO), grey wolf (GWO)) methods are considered. Several failures (dry friction, backlash, short circuit, eccentricity, and proportional gain) are simulated by a reference model, and then detected and identified by the envisioned prognostic method, which employs a low fidelity monitoring model. The paper findings are analysed, showing good results and proving that this strategy could be executed and integrated in more complex routines, supporting EMAs adoption, with positive impacts on system safety and reliability in the aerospace and industrial field.

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Yamamoto, Brennan E., and A. Zachary Trimble. "An experimentally validated analytical model for the coupled electromechanical dynamics of linear vibration energy harvesting systems." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16642304.

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Recent technological advancements in the efficiency of microprocessors, sensors, and other digital logic systems have increased research effort in vibration energy harvesting, where trace amounts of energy are scavenged from the ambient environment to provide power. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of most vibration energy harvesting systems, existing research has relied primarily on numerical and finite element methods for harvester design and validation. Although these methods are useful, a vetted analytical model provides intuitive understanding of the governing dynamics and is useful for obtaining rough calculations when designing vibration energy harvesting systems. In this article, an analytical framework for linear electromechanical transducer modeling is developed into the coupled electromechanical model; a transfer function characterizing the dynamics of second-order VEH systems, which includes inputs for mechanical and electrical domain lumped parameters as complex impedances. The coupled electromechanical model transfer function is validated against frequency sweep data from a linear vibration energy harvesting experimental setup. The experimental setup demonstrated good correlation with the coupled electromechanical model, with not more than 0.9% error in natural frequency overall, 6% error in damping ratio for purely resistive loads, and 11% for reactive loads.

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Abdelrahman, Alaa A., Mohamed S. Abdelwahed, Hani M. Ahmed, Amin Hamdi, and Mohamed A. Eltaher. "Investigation of Size-Dependent Vibration Behavior of Piezoelectric Composite Nanobeams Embedded in an Elastic Foundation Considering Flexoelectricity Effects." Mathematics 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11051180.

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This article investigates the size dependent on piezoelectrically layered perforated nanobeams embedded in an elastic foundation considering the material Poisson’s ratio and the flexoelectricity effects. The composite beam is composed of a regularly squared cut-out elastic core with two piezoelectric face sheet layers. An analytical geometrical model is adopted to obtain the equivalent geometrical variables of the perforated core. To capture the Poisson’s ratio effect, the three-dimensional continuum mechanics adopted to express the kinematics are kinetics relations in the framework of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (EBBT). The nonlocal strain gradient theory is utilized to incorporate the size-dependent electromechanical effects. The Hamilton principle is applied to derive the nonclassical electromechanical dynamic equation of motion with flexoelectricity impact. A closed form solution for resonant frequencies is obtained. Numerical results explored the impacts of geometrical and material characteristics on the nonclassical electromechanical behavior of nanobeams. Obtained results revealed the significant effects of the mechanical, electrical, and elastic foundation parameters on the dynamic behavior of piezoelectric composite nanobeams. The developed procedure and the obtained results are helpful for many industrial purposes and engineering applications, such as micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and NEMS.

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Quattrocchi, Gaetano, Pier C. Berri, Matteo D. L. Dalla Dalla Vedova, and Paolo Maggiore. "An Improved Fault Identification Method for Electromechanical Actuators." Aerospace 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9070341.

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Adoption of electromechanical actuation systems in aerospace is increasing, and so reliable diagnostic and prognostics schemes are required to ensure safe operations, especially in key, safety-critical systems such as primary flight controls. Furthermore, the use of prognostics methods can increase the system availability during the life cycle and thus reduce costs if implemented in a predictive maintenance framework. In this work, an improvement of an already presented algorithm will be introduced, whose scope is to predict the actual degradation state of a motor in an electromechanical actuator, also providing a temperature estimation. This objective is achieved by using a properly processed back-electromotive force signal and a simple feed-forward neural network. Good prediction of the motor health status is achieved with a small degree of inaccuracy.

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Ghasemi, Hamid, Harold S. Park, Naif Alajlan, and Timon Rabczuk. "A Computational Framework for Design and Optimization of Flexoelectric Materials." International Journal of Computational Methods 17, no. 01 (September 30, 2019): 1850097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500974.

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We combine isogeometric analysis (IGA), level set (LS) and pointwise density-mapping techniques for design and topology optimization of piezoelectric/flexoelectric materials. We use B-spline elements to discretize the fourth-order partial differential equations of flexoelectricity, which require at least [Formula: see text] continuous approximations. We adopt the multiphase vector LS model which easily copes with various numbers of material phases and multiple constraints. In case studies, we first confirm the accuracy of the IGA model and then provide numerical examples for both pure and composite flexoelectric structures. The results demonstrate the significant enhancement in electromechanical coupling coefficient that can be obtained using topology optimization and particularly by multi-material topology optimization for flexoelectric composites.

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Korotkov, L., Likhovaja Likhovaja, R. Levitsky, I. Zachek, and A. Vdovych. "Dielectric, Electromechanical and Elastic Properties of K (NH ) H PO Compounds." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.16.1.116-122.

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We describe the available experimental data for the dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the antiferroelectric crystals, using the proposed microscopic theory. Within the framework of the thermodynamic theory and using the obtained experimental data we calculate the dielectric, piezoelectrlic, and elastic characteristics of the compounds at > 0.32.

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Cao, Yuyan, Yongxi Lyu, and Xinmin Wang. "Fault Diagnosis Reasoning Algorithm for Electromechanical Actuator Based on an Improved Hybrid TFPG Model." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122153.

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As a new generation of power-by-wire actuators, electromechanical actuators are finding increasingly more applications in the aviation field. Aiming at the application problem of the fault diagnosis of the electromechanical actuator, an improved diagnosis reasoning algorithm based on a hybrid timed failure propagation graph (TFPG) model is proposed. On the basis of this hybrid TFPG model, the activation conditions of OR and causality among nodes are given. The relationship discrepancy node is transformed into a relationship node and discrepancy node, which unifies the model storage process. The backward and forward extension operations of hypothesis generation and updating are improved. In the backward expansion operation, the specific process of backward update from non-alarm nodes is given, and the judging logic of the branch of relationship nodes is added, which guarantees the unity of the algorithm framework and the accuracy of the time update. In the forward expansion operation, the update order is adjusted to ensure the accuracy of the node update for the case of multiple parents. A hybrid TFPG model of the electromechanical actuator is established in the general modeling environment (GME), and a systematic verification scheme with two simulation types is tested with the application of the P2020 reference design board (RDB) and VxWorks 653 system. The results show that the proposed algorithm can realize the fault diagnosis of the electromechanical actuator as well as fault propagation prediction.

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Bowen, Chris R., K. V. S. Raman, and Vitaly Yu Topolov. "Piezoelectric Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite / Barium Titanate." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.1.

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This paper reports experimental and modelling results on the manufacture and properties of hydroxyapatite / BaTiO3 ceramic composites and studies their electromechanical properties with ferroelectric ceramic volume fractions, mFC ³ 0.7. In these composites the bio-active properties of hydroxyapatite are combined with the electromechanical properties of a perovskite-type ferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramic in an attempt to create a novel polarised bone-substitute material. Experimental results of the volume fraction dependences of the effective piezoelectric coefficients * 31 d (mFC), * 33 d (mFC) and dielectric permittivity e *s 33 (mFC) of stress free samples are analysed within the framework of a modified model of a porous piezo-active material that is described in terms of 1–3 (one-dimensional rods in a continuous matrix) and 2–2 connectivity (laminates). The role of several structural elements and physical factors in forming the electromechanical properties of the composites is discussed. It is shown that performance of these materials typical properties are 5 pC / N < | * 31 d |< 45 pC / N, 20 pC / N < * 33 d < 100 pC / N and 400 < e *s 33 / 0 e < 1300.

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Abdelrahman, Alaa A., Hussein A. Saleem, Gamal S. Abdelhaffez, and Mohamed A. Eltaher. "On Bending of Piezoelectrically Layered Perforated Nanobeams Embedded in an Elastic Foundation with Flexoelectricity." Mathematics 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11051162.

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Analysis of the electromechanical-size-dependent bending of piezoelectric composite structural components with flexoelectricity has been considered by many researchers because of the developments of nanotechnology and the applicability of piezoelectric composite nanobeam structures in Micro/Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS). Therefore, the work investigates the size-dependent electromechanical bending of piezoelectrically layered perforated nanobeams resting on elastic foundations including the flexoelectric effect. Within the framework of the modified nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory, both the microstructure and nonlocality effects are captured. The governing equilibrium equations including piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects are derived using Hamilton’s principle. Closed forms for the non-classical electromechanical bending profiles are derived. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is verified by comparing the obtained results with the available corresponding results in the literature within a 0.3% maximum deviation. Parametric studies are conducted to explore effects of perforation parameters, elastic foundation parameters, geometric dimensions, nonclassical parameters, flexoelectric parameters, as well as the piezoelectric parameters on the bending behavior of piezoelectrically layered perforated nanobeams. The obtained results demonstrate that incorporation of the nondimensional elastic foundation parameters, Kp = 2 and Kw = 20, results in a reduction in the relative percentage reduction in the maximum nondimensional mechanical transverse deflection due to increasing the perforation filling ratio from 0.2 to 1 from 199.86% to 91.83% for a point load and 89.39% for a uniformly distributed load. On the other hand, with Kp = 5 and Kw = 50, the relative percentage difference of the electromechanical bending deflection due to increasing the piezoelectric coefficient, e311, reaches about 8.7% for a point load and 8.5% for a uniformly distributed load at a beam aspect ratio of 50. Thus, the electromechanical as well as mechanical behaviors could be improved by controlling these parameters. The proposed methodology and the obtained results are supportive in many industrial and engineering applications, i.e., MEMS/NEMS.

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Jiang, Hongquan, Rongxi Wang, Jianmin Gao, Zhiyong Gao, and Xu Gao. "Evidence fusion-based framework for condition evaluation of complex electromechanical system in process industry." Knowledge-Based Systems 124 (May 2017): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.03.011.

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Cao, Pei, Shengli Zhang, Zequn Wang, and Kai Zhou. "Damage identification using piezoelectric electromechanical Impedance: A brief review from a numerical framework perspective." Structures 50 (April 2023): 1906–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.03.017.

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Yang, Weidong, Wenxuan Ding, Menglong Liu, Jun Yang, and Mao Li. "A theoretical model of a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured electrodes for highly sensitive electronic skin." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 9 (November 19, 2021): 094001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac34a9.

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Abstract Electronic skin (e-skin) has attracted much attention in smart wearables, prosthetics, and robotics. Capacitive-type pressure sensors are generally regarded as a good option for designing tactile sensing devices owing to their superior sensitivity in low-pressure regions, fast response time, and convenient manufacturing. Introducing microstructures on the electrode surface is an effective approach to achieve highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors. In this work, an electromechanical model is proposed to build the relationship between capacitance change and compressive force. The present model can predict the sensitivity of the capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured electrodes, where each cellular microstructure is modeled using contact mechanics theory. It is the first time in the literature that, based on the Hertz theory framework, a rigorous electromechanical theory framework is established to model a flexible capacitive pressure sensor. In addition, the model can be extended to other microstructures, such as micro-pyramid, micro-pillar, and micro-dome array. The validation indicates that the analytical results agree well with the experimental data from our previous work and other literature. Moreover, the present model can effectively capture the sensitivity of the pressure sensor in the beginning range of small pressure. Sensitivity in this range is the most significant for the e-skin due to its robust linearity for a pressure sensor. Besides, we analyzed the compressive force–displacement relationship, the compressive force–contact radius relationship, and the influences of the geometrical and material parameters on the electromechanical coupling effect. The results show that the height and the Young’s modulus of the soft dielectric layer are regarded as the dominant influencing factors in the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors.

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Dickow, A., and G. Feiertag. "A systematic MEMS sensor calibration framework." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-97-2015.

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Abstract. In this paper we present a systematic method to determine sets of close to optimal sensor calibration points for a polynomial approximation. For each set of calibration points a polynomial is used to fit the nonlinear sensor response to the calibration reference. The polynomial parameters are calculated using ordinary least square fit. To determine the quality of each calibration, reference sensor data is measured at discrete test conditions. As an error indicator for the quality of a calibration the root mean square deviation between the calibration polynomial and the reference measurement is calculated. The calibration polynomials and the error indicators are calculated for all possible calibration point sets. To find close to optimal calibration point sets, the worst 99% of the calibration options are dismissed. This results in a multi-dimensional probability distribution of the probably best calibration point sets. In an experiment, barometric MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) pressure sensors are calibrated using the proposed calibration method at several temperatures and pressures. The framework is applied to a batch of six of each of the following sensor types: Bosch BMP085, Bosch BMP180, and EPCOS T5400. Results indicate which set of calibration points should be chosen to achieve good calibration results.

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Tarn, Jiann-Quo. "Exact Solutions for Electroelastic Analysis of Generalized Plane Strain and Torsion of Piezoelectric Cylinders." Journal of Mechanics 17, no. 3 (September 2001): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100004512.

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ABSTRACTExact electroelastic analysis of hollow and solid circular cylinders subjected to a uniform temperature change and electromechanical loads that do not vary axially are presented. Generalized plane strain and torsion of a piezoelectric cylindrical body is formulated in a state space framework. Uniformly valid exact solutions are obtained for hollow and solid circular cylinders subjected to extension, torsion, pressuring, shearing, electric loadings and a uniform temperature change.

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Peng, William Z., Hyunjong Song, Dariusz Czarkowski, and Joo H. Kim. "Switched electromechanical dynamics for transient phase control of brushed DC servomotor." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 12 (December 2022): 123119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101432.

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Robotic tasks often exceed the scope of steady-state or periodic behavior, which necessitates generally-applicable models of actuators intended to generate transient or aperiodic motion. However, existing electromechanical models of servomotors typically omit consideration of the switching power converter circuits required for directional, speed, or torque control. In this study, a multi-domain framework is established for switched electromechanical dynamics in servomotor systems for their analysis and control in general aperiodic tasks including transient phases. The switched electromechanical dynamics is derived from the individual models of the internal DC motor, gear train, and H-bridge circuit. The coupled models comprehensively integrate all possible distinct switching configurations of on-state, off-state, and dead time. A combination of cycle averaging with piecewise analytical solutions of the non-smooth dynamics is introduced to handle different temporal scales from high-frequency electrical to low-frequency mechanical variables. System parameters were estimated from experimental data using a dual-servomotor test platform. The model was validated for predictive accuracy against measured data in two distinct tasks—dynamic braking of a pendulum system and sinusoidal trajectory following. The model was also used to formulate the servomotor power consumption, which was implemented for optimal control demonstration and energy analysis. In particular, the servomotor power consumption model provided true optimality (minimization) when compared with the squared rotor torque and the positive rotor mechanical power that are commonly used as proxy models. While the focus of this work is on permanent-magnet, armature-controlled brushed DC servomotors, the approach is applicable to general electromechanical systems with switching-based control.

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Barettin, D., S. Madsen, B. Lassen, and M. Willatzen. "Computational Methods for Electromechanical Fields in Self-Assembled Quantum Dots." Communications in Computational Physics 11, no. 3 (March 2012): 797–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.111110.110411a.

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AbstractA detailed comparison of continuum and valence force field strain calculations in quantum-dot structures is presented with particular emphasis to boundary conditions, their implementation in the finite-element method, and associated implications for electronic states. The first part of this work provides the equation framework for the elastic continuum model including piezoelectric effects in crystal structures as well as detailing the Keating model equations used in the atomistic valence force field calculations. Given the variety of possible structure shapes, a choice of pyramidal, spherical and cubic-dot shapes is made having in mind their pronounced shape differences and practical relevance. In this part boundary conditions are also considered; in particular the relevance of imposing different types of boundary conditions is highlighted and discussed.

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Providakis, Costas P. "Electro-Mechanical Admittance-Based Damage Detection Using Extreme Value Statistics." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.561.

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This paper presents the use of statistically rigorous algorithms combined with electromechanical (E/M) impedance approach for health monitoring of engineering structures. In particular, a statistical pattern recognition procedure is developed, based on frequency domain data of electromechanical impedance, to establish a decision boundary for damage identification. In order to diagnose damage with statistical confidence, health monitoring is cast in the context of outlier detection framework. Inappropriate modeling of tail distribution of outliers imposes potentially misleading behavior associated with damage. The present paper attempts to address the problem of establishing decision boundaries based on extreme value statistics so that the extreme values of outliers associated with tail distribution can be properly modeled. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated using finite element method (FEM) simulated data while a comparison is performed for the extreme value analysis results contrasted with the standard approach where it is assumed that the damage-sensitive features are normally distributed.

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Singh, B. M., J. Rokne, and R. S. Dhaliwal. "Closed-form solution for piezoelectric layer with two collinear cracks parallel to the boundaries." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2006 (2006): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mpe/2006/91846.

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We consider the problem of determining the stress distribution in an infinitely long piezoelectric layer of finite width, with two collinear cracks of equal length and parallel to the layer boundaries. Within the framework of reigning piezoelectric theory under mode III, the cracked piezoelectric layer subjected to combined electromechanical loading is analyzed. The faces of the layers are subjected to electromechanical loading. The collinear cracks are located at the middle plane of the layer parallel to its face. By the use of Fourier transforms we reduce the problem to solving a set of triple integral equations with cosine kernel and a weight function. The triple integral equations are solved exactly. Closed form analytical expressions for stress intensity factors, electric displacement intensity factors, and shape of crack and energy release rate are derived. As the limiting case, the solution of the problem with one crack in the layer is derived. Some numerical results for the physical quantities are obtained and displayed graphically.

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Cole, D. G., W. R. Saunders, and H. H. Robertshaw. "Modal Parameter Estimation for Piezostructures." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2874475.

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This paper is motivated by the need for consistency between piezostructure measurements and existing modal analysis approaches. Fundamental relationships are developed which reveal that the existing framework of traditional modal analysis approaches can be used to estimate modal parameters which describe the piezostructure dynamics. The modal analysis technique is a frequency domain method where the relationship between pole-residue models for conventional structures and piezostructures is developed. Since typical arrangements of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for modal testing lead to ambiguous mode shape estimates, the use of sensoriactuator transducers provides critical drive-point response information. Also, the existence of a transformation between the structure’s modal matrix and the piezostructure’s electromechanical coupling matrix is shown. It is shown that combining the results of a traditional modal test and a piezostructure modal test enables a modal filtering operation which produces experimental measurements of the electromechanical coupling matrix. This method of modal analysis of a piezostructure is demonstrated numerically for a cantilevered beam.

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Amendola, G., I. Dimino, M. Magnifico, and R. Pecora. "Distributed actuation concepts for a morphing aileron device." Aeronautical Journal 120, no. 1231 (June 7, 2016): 1365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2016.64.

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ABSTRACTThe actuation mechanism is a crucial aspect in the design of morphing structures due to the very stringent requirements involving actuation torque, consumed power, and allowable size and weight.In the framework of the CRIAQ MD0-505 project, novel design strategies are investigated to enable morphing of aeronautical structures. This paper deals with the design of a morphing aileron with the main focus on the actuation technology. The morphing aileron consists of segmented 'finger-like' ribs capable of changing the aerofoil camber in order to match target aerodynamic shapes. In this work, lightweight and compact actuation kinematics driven by electromechanical actuators are investigated to actuate the morphing device. An unshafted distributed servo-electromechanical actuation arrangement is employed to realise the transition from the baseline configuration to a set of target aerodynamic shapes by also withstanding the aerodynamics loads. Numerical investigations are detailed to identify the optimal actuation architecture matching as well as the system integratability and structural compactness.

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Booker, Julian D., Richard Lock, Sam Williamson, and Jon Freire Gómez. "Effective practices for the concept design of electromechanical systems." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2014-0017.

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Purpose Concept design practices in engineering are not common across industry or academia. There are a number of well-known tools and methods acknowledged as useful in facilitating concept designing, that is, to assist idea generation, aid evaluation and final selection of one winning concept from many. Combinations of these popular concept design tools and methods provide various systematic methodologies by which practitioners propose to conduct or teach concept designing. In this paper, effective practices and trends are observed through the application of a specific concept design methodology over a range of different projects in electromechanical systems design. Design/methodology/approach The concept design methodology utilised in this study has been developed through the adoption of various tools and methods shown to be beneficial to concept designing, supported by previous positive experiences and successful utilisation associated with electromechanical systems research projects in academia. Each stage of the methodology is discussed and six case studies are presented, which are used to explore effective practices for concept designing. Findings Analysis of the case study data reveals the most popular criteria for the selection of concepts in electromechanical systems design, the number of selection criteria and number of initial concepts ideally required to converge on a final winning concept more efficiently, that is without the need for a more detailed second stage of selection using performance metrics. Originality/value Rarely are detailed studies undertaken in concept design, first, to address the justification for the concept design methodology adopted and, second, to show how effective practices emerge through the analysis of non-subjective data over a number of concept design projects. Although the paper uses only six case studies in electromechanical systems design, it is hoped that the approach presented promotes the possible future development of a framework for verification of concept design methodologies across different products, sectors and user groups.

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Arellano-Espitia, Francisco, Miguel Delgado-Prieto, Victor Martinez-Viol, Juan Jose Saucedo-Dorantes, and Roque Alfredo Osornio-Rios. "Deep-Learning-Based Methodology for Fault Diagnosis in Electromechanical Systems." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143949.

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Fault diagnosis in manufacturing systems represents one of the most critical challenges dealing with condition-based monitoring in the recent era of smart manufacturing. In the current Industry 4.0 framework, maintenance strategies based on traditional data-driven fault diagnosis schemes require enhanced capabilities to be applied over modern production systems. In fact, the integration of multiple mechanical components, the consideration of multiple operating conditions, and the appearance of combined fault patterns due to eventual multi-fault scenarios lead to complex electromechanical systems requiring advanced monitoring strategies. In this regard, data fusion schemes supported with advanced deep learning technology represent a promising approach towards a big data paradigm using cloud-based software services. However, the deep learning models’ structure and hyper-parameters selection represent the main limitation when applied. Thus, in this paper, a novel deep-learning-based methodology for fault diagnosis in electromechanical systems is presented. The main benefits of the proposed methodology are the easiness of application and high adaptability to available data. The methodology is supported by an unsupervised stacked auto-encoders and a supervised discriminant analysis.

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Burkus, Ervin, Ákos Odry, Jan Awrejcewicz, István Kecskés, and Péter Odry. "Mechanical Design and a Novel Structural Optimization Approach for Hexapod Walking Robots." Machines 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10060466.

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This paper presents a novel model-based structural optimization approach for the efficient electromechanical development of hexapod robots. First, a hexapod-design-related analysis of both optimization objectives and relevant parameters is conducted based on the derived dynamical model of the robot. A multi-objective optimization goal is proposed, which minimizes energy consumption, unwanted body motion and differences between joint torques. Then, an optimization framework is established, which utilizes a sophisticated strategy to handle the optimization problems characterized by a large set of parameters. As a result, a satisfactory result is efficiently obtained with fewer iterations. The research determines the optimal parameter set for hexapod robots, contributing to significant increases in a robot’s walking range, suppressed robot body vibrations, and both balanced and appropriate motor loads. The modular design of the proposed simulation model also offers flexibility, allowing for the optimization of other electromechanical properties of hexapod robots. The presented research focuses on the mechatronic design of the Szabad(ka)-III hexapod robot and is based on the previously validated Szabad(ka)-II hexapod robot model.

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Sena, José A. S., Maria C. P. Fonseca, Italo F. Di Paolo, Walter Barra, José A. L. Barreiros, Carlos T. Costa, and Fabrício G. Nogueira. "An object-oriented framework applied to the study of electromechanical oscillations at Tucuruí hydroelectric power plant." Electric Power Systems Research 81, no. 12 (December 2011): 2081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2011.08.002.

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Liu, Chunxiao, Tao Jiang, Huiying Zhao, Xue Li, and Peng Li. "Holistic data-driven framework for estimating electromechanical dynamic patterns from synchrophasor measurements in bulk power grids." IET Energy Systems Integration 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-esi.2020.0029.

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Likhovaya, D. V., T. N. Korotkova, and L. N. Korotkov. "Dielectric, elastic and electromechanical nonlinearity of relaxor and "nearly" relaxor KDP-ADP mixed crystals." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, no. 03 (July 2013): 1350019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x13500197.

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Temperature dependences of linear and nonlinear dielectric, elastic and electromechanical responses in K 1-x( NH 4)x H 2 PO 4 (x ≈ 0.19 and 0.24) single crystals have been studied within temperature range 10–300 K. It was found near linear relations between dielectric permittivity (ε33), elastic compliance (S6) and piezoelectric constant (d36). Different behavior of elastic and dielectric nonlinear responses was revealed in the crystals undergoing ferroelectric phase transitions and transition to relaxor state. Obtained temperature dependences of nonlinear permittivity and elastic compliance are discussed in the framework of Random Field model.

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Wang, Gongrun, Yongxing Wang, Lifan Zhang, Shutian Xue, Enyuan Dong, and Jiyan Zou. "A Novel Model of Electromechanical Contactors for Predicting Dynamic Characteristics." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 7466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227466.

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To ensure the reliability of power supply, a dual power supply structure appears in the power distribution system. Power supply switching is a complex physical process. This paper presents a novel model of electromechanical contactors. This model can simulate the multi-physics process of power switching. This article completes the simulation framework for power switching through contactors for the first time. Among them, the structural topology for contactors is also proposed. On the basis of the novel structure topology, an equivalent magnetic circuit model is established to calculate the relationship between driving force, flux linkage, current, and displacement. Then, a co-simulation model is established between the above equations and Adams to obtain the speed characteristics and flight time of the contactor. Subsequently, through the use of Fluent and its secondary development, a magnetohydrodynamic model is established, and the above-mentioned velocity characteristics are imported into it to analyze the arcing characteristics of the contacts under the conditions of the transverse magnetic field and the insulating grid. The effectiveness of power switching is judged by comparing the flight time of the electromechanical model and the arcing time of the magnetohydrodynamic model. The prototype is manufactured and tested on the basis of simulation. Through experimental waveforms and high-speed photography, the accuracy of the simulation model and the practicability of the contactor are verified.

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Arellano-Espitia, Francisco, Miguel Delgado-Prieto, Artvin-Darien Gonzalez-Abreu, Juan Jose Saucedo-Dorantes, and Roque Alfredo Osornio-Rios. "Deep-Compact-Clustering Based Anomaly Detection Applied to Electromechanical Industrial Systems." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175830.

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The rapid growth in the industrial sector has required the development of more productive and reliable machinery, and therefore, leads to complex systems. In this regard, the automatic detection of unknown events in machinery represents a greater challenge, since uncharacterized catastrophic faults can occur. However, the existing methods for anomaly detection present limitations when dealing with highly complex industrial systems. For that purpose, a novel fault diagnosis methodology is developed to face the anomaly detection. An unsupervised anomaly detection framework named deep-autoencoder-compact-clustering one-class support-vector machine (DAECC-OC-SVM) is presented, which aims to incorporate the advantages of automatically learnt representation by deep neural network to improved anomaly detection performance. The method combines the training of a deep-autoencoder with clustering compact model and a one-class support-vector-machine function-based outlier detection method. The addressed methodology is applied on a public rolling bearing faults experimental test bench and on multi-fault experimental test bench. The results show that the proposed methodology it is able to accurately to detect unknown defects, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods.

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Vargas-Hernandez, Noe, and Jami J. Shah. "2nd-CAD: A Tool for Conceptual Systems Design in Electromechanical Domain." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1683856.

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This paper presents a framework and information model for the development of SECOND-CAD (Systems Engineering CONceptual Design-CAD), or 2nd-CAD, a Computer Aided Conceptual Design (CACD) tool for Electromechanical Systems. The conceptual design tasks supported include functional design, behavior modeling, and component selection from standard industrial supply catalogs for mechanical, fluid, and electric engineering domains. 2nd-CAD is composed of three entity catalogs the designer uses to create three interconnected structures for function, behavior, and component. The logical model behind 2nd-CAD is one of the major contributions of this research. It allows the user to define entities based on popular taxonomies; this eases data exchange with other tools. When constructing structures, only technically feasible relationships are permitted and if an element in a structure is modified, the change is propagated throughout the structure. It reuses the entities’ information content to create new structures and since the three structures are interconnected, changes can be traced for design validation. 2nd-CAD’s functional requirements, logical design, and physical implementation are discussed in this paper.

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Brighenti, Roberto, Andreas Menzel, and Franck J. Vernerey. "A physics-based micromechanical model for electroactive viscoelastic polymers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 14 (July 5, 2018): 2902–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781036.

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Electroactive polymers with time-dependent behavior are considered in the present paper by way of a new physics-based micromechanical model; such viscoelastic response is described by the internal evolution of the polymer network, providing a new viewpoint on the stress relaxation occurring in elastomers. The main peculiarity of such internally rearranging materials is their capacity to locally reset their reference stress-free state, leading to a mechanical behavior that relaxes out (eases off) an induced stress state and that can thus be assimilated to a sort of internal self-healing process. Such high deformability and recoverability displayed by dynamically cross-linked polymers can be conveniently exploited when they are coupled in electromechanical problems; the deformation induced by an electric field can be easily tuned by the intensity of the electric field itself and the obtained shape can be maintained without any electric influence once the material microstructure has rearranged after a sufficient curing time. In the present paper, both features of the polymeric material, that is, internal remodeling and electromechanical coupled response, are considered and a theoretical framework is established to simulate representative boundary value problems.

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Zha, Xuan F. "A Generic P/T Net Model and Framework for Concurrent Integrated Design and Planning of Electromechanical Assemblies." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 39, no. 3 (May 2009): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2009.2014551.

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Wang, RongXi, Xu Gao, JianMin Gao, ZhiYong Gao, Kun Chen, and CaiYuan Peng. "An artificial immune and incremental learning inspired novel framework for performance pattern identification of complex electromechanical systems." Science China Technological Sciences 63, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-9532-5.

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Fu, Jingcheng, Albert S. J. van Heerden, David Judt, and Craig Lawson. "A Generic Mission-Level Flight Control Surface EMA Power Consumption Simulation Tool." Aerospace 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9060290.

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The use of electromechanical actuators (EMAs) for aeronautical applications promises substantial benefits regarding efficiency and operability. To advance the design of power electronics and secondary power supply, there is a need for the ability to swiftly study the effects of aircraft mission and operational aspects on the actuator energy consumption. Pursuant to this, the aim of the work presented in this paper is twofold: (i) to build a generic mission-level flight control surface EMA power consumption simulation framework and (ii) to apply this framework to a case study involving a small all-electric aircraft, in which selected factors that impact energy consumption are investigated. The core of the framework comprises physics-based EMA power estimators, linked with a six-degree-of-freedom flight dynamics and control simulation module. The case study results show that the actuator power consumption correlates positively with the proportional gains in the flight control system but is inversely proportional to the trajectory radius and linearly dependent on turbulence intensity. The developed framework could aid in the selection of the actuator, as well as in the optimisation of airborne electronics and secondary power supply.

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Hsu, Ting-Chia, Hal Abelson, Natalie Lao, and Shih-Chu Chen. "Is It Possible for Young Students to Learn the AI-STEAM Application with Experiential Learning?" Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 11114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911114.

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This study attempted to evaluate the learning effectiveness of using the MIT App Inventor platform and its Personal Image Classifier (PIC) tool in the interdisciplinary application. The instructional design was focused on applying PIC in the integration of STEAM (i.e., Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) interdisciplinary learning, so as to provide sustainable and suitable teaching content based on the experiential learning theory for 7th grader students. Accordingly, the sustainable AI-STEAM course with the experiential learning framework has been implemented and verified, so as to confirm that the AI-STEAM course is not too difficult for young students. Many basic concepts involved in the AI-STEAM course, regarding programming logic, electromechanical concepts, interface design, and the application of image recognition, were measured in this study. The results showed that the students not only made significant progress in learning effectiveness, but also in particular made significant improvements in two parts: electromechanical concepts and image recognition knowledge. In the end, this study further provides some advice on the sustainable AI-STEAM course based on the survey of some important factors including active learning, and self-efficacy after confirming that it is not a barrier for the young students to learn the sustainable AI-STEAM course developed in this study.

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Liu, Canchang, Lijun Li, and Yirui Zhang. "Internal Resonance of the Coupling Electromechanical Systems Based on Josephson Junction Effects." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111958.

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The internal resonances of the coupling vibration among electro-dynamic modes of an NEMS are studied for the coupling resonators connected on a Josephson junction. The methodology adopted involves coupling a resonator connected on a Josephson junction. The mathematical model of the coupled system is then obtained by considering the regulatory nonlinear effect of the phase difference of that Josephson junction. The resulting dynamic differential equation is deduced by considering the nonlinear terms of the Josephson junction and the nanobeam. The multi-scale method is then used to obtain the 1:1:1 resonant amplitude–frequency response equation of the coupled electromechanical system. The influence of the phase difference of the Josephson junction, magnetic field, external excitation and other factors are analyzed based on the internal resonant amplitude of the coupled system. The simulation results illustrate that the changes in the values of the magnetic field, excitation amplitude and divided resistances can lead to a remarkable change in the values of the nanobeam frequency and amplitude. The internal resonance principle is used to generate a mutual conversion and amplification among electrical signals and mechanical signals. This research provides a theoretical framework and a numerical approach for improving the sensitivity of magnetic quality detection.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ELECTROMECHANICAL FRAMEWORK'

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