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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic measurements'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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1

Yell, R. "Electromagnetic measurements." IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 139, no. 5 (1992): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-3.1992.0034.

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2

Jensen, H. D. "Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 145, no. 4 (1998): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19982116.

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3

Henderson, L. C. A. "Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 147, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20000642.

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4

Henderson, Lesley CA. "Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 149, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20020766.

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5

Cheney, M., and G. Kristensson. "Optimal Electromagnetic Measurements." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 15, no. 10 (January 2001): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939301x01228.

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6

Gradoni, Gabriele, Johannes Russer, Mohd Hafiz Baharuddin, Michael Haider, Peter Russer, Christopher Smartt, Stephen C. Creagh, Gregor Tanner, and David W. P. Thomas. "Stochastic electromagnetic field propagation— measurement and modelling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2134 (October 29, 2018): 20170455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0455.

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This paper reviews recent progress in the measurement and modelling of stochastic electromagnetic fields, focusing on propagation approaches based on Wigner functions and the method of moments technique. The respective propagation methods are exemplified by application to measurements of electromagnetic emissions from a stirred, cavity-backed aperture. We discuss early elements of statistical electromagnetics in Heaviside's papers, driven mainly by an analogy of electromagnetic wave propagation with heat transfer. These ideas include concepts of momentum and directionality in the realm of propagation through confined media with irregular boundaries. We then review and extend concepts using Wigner functions to propagate the statistical properties of electromagnetic fields. We discuss in particular how to include polarization in this formalism leading to a Wigner tensor formulation and a relation to an averaged Poynting vector. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.

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7

Perov, Sergey Yu, and Olga V. Belaya. "Instrumental assessment of mobile communication base station electromagnetic field exposure." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 11 (December 3, 2020): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-853-856.

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Introduction. Monitoring and ensuring safe operating conditions of modern base stations for occupational and general public exposure is relevant with the use of methods for measuring electromagnetic fields, which allow to assess the contribution of different sources to the overall level of the electromagnetic background, taking into account the dynamic features of base stations and the spectral electromagnetic characteristics. The aim of study is the levels of electromagnetic fields assessment from modern base stations using broadband and selective measurement methods, as well as the possibility of predicting the worst exposure conditions. Materials and methods. The levels of electromagnetic fields from base stations according to the LTE2600 standard were evaluated at the maximum transmission traffic (laboratory mearements) and at real variable traffic (field measurements). For broadband measurements, the power density (PD) was estimated, for selective measurements, the PD level in the LTE frequency channel (frequency-selective measurements) and the PD level of the reference signal (code-selective measurements) were evaluated. The theoretical maximum PD level was calculated from the maximum value of the reference signal. Results. When simulating the maximum intensity of data traffic, the PD level in the LTE channel was 94.51-101.39% of the calculated maximum value. According to field measurements, the values of electromagnetic field levels obtained from frequency-selective measurements in the LTE frequency channel were less than the corresponding values estimated from the results of broadband measurements, and were no more than 25% of the theoretical maximum. Conclusions. The use of selective approach and measurement methods made it possible to estimate the maximum possible contribution of a single source to the overall level of the electromagnetic background and to predict the worst conditions for human exposure.

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8

Krupka, Jerzy. "Microwave Measurements of Electromagnetic Properties of Materials." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175097.

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A review of measurement methods of the basic electromagnetic parameters of materials at microwave frequencies is presented. Materials under study include dielectrics, semiconductors, conductors, superconductors, and ferrites. Measurement methods of the complex permittivity, the complex permeability tensor, and the complex conductivity and related parameters, such as resistivity, the sheet resistance, and the ferromagnetic linewidth are considered. For dielectrics and ferrites, the knowledge of their complex permittivity and the complex permeability at microwave frequencies is of practical interest. Microwave measurements allow contactless measurements of their resistivity, conductivity, and sheet resistance. These days contactless conductivity measurements have become more and more important, due to the progress in materials technology and the development of new materials intended for the electronic industry such as graphene, GaN, and SiC. Some of these materials, such as GaN and SiC are not measurable with the four-point probe technique, even if they are conducting. Measurement fixtures that are described in this paper include sections of transmission lines, resonance cavities, and dielectric resonators.

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9

Miszkiewicz, Andrzej, and Krzysztof Tchórzewski. "Levels of Electromagnetic Fields From Rail Vehicles in the Context of Formal Requirements." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, no. 187 (June 2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1875e.

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The article discusses the issue of electromagnetic field levels emitted from rail vehicles with regard to civil protection. The article presents the lack of legal solutions, limits and research methods in the railway industry in Poland. It also depicts the initial results of measurements from rail vehicles. Based on the findings, taking into consideration the measurement results and suppression of electromagnetic waves in free space, electromagnetic fields may reach substantial levels which can affect people’s health and life. The authors of the article conclude that the problem should not be ignored and requires further research, bearing in mind the progressing saturation of all rail vehicles with devices and electronic systems which will serve as sources of electromagnetic fields. Keywords: electromagnetic fields, civil protection, measurements

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10

Kallunki, Juha. "An evaluation of the portable anechoic chamber for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) studies." Journal of Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2024): 35–43. https://doi.org/10.24136/jeee.2024.006.

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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues are an increasingly significant problem nowadays. Several electronic devices generate harmful radio frequency (RF) interference, which can cause operational errors in other electronic devices and systems. To manage these electromagnetic interference issues, it is important to have reliable electromagnetic interference measurements. These measurements require a specialized measurement system, usually performed in an anechoic chamber or a similar setting. In this work, we design a low-cost and portable anechoic chamber for small-scale electronic devices. The performance of the anechoic chamber is confirmed through several measurements, demonstrating a minimum attenuation of 15 dB. Additionally, the chamber's performance is verified with a real EMC measurement. A certain LED light driver is selected for the first test of the anechoic chamber. The driver produces a wide-band (50 MHz) and strong interference signal at a center frequency of 125 MHz.

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11

Budnarowska, Magdalena, and Jerzy Mizeraczyk. "Use of the waveguide technique to measure the electromagnetic parameters of materials." Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, no. 115 (September 30, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26408/115.01.

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The paper presents and discusses selected simulation and measurement possibilities of an upgraded waveguide measuring stand for testing electromagnetic properties of selected materials (including metamaterials), based on the microwave propagation technique. The stand is equipped with the CST Studio Suite software, which enables modeling and simulation of broadly defined electromagnetic interactions, and the N1500A Materials Measurement Suite module for processing the results of measurements of electromagnetic properties of materials.

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12

C.P.D.N., Silvia, I. Espinosa-Espinosa M., Llamas-Garro Ignacio, M. Kim J., and de Melo M.T. "Review of microwave frequency measurement circuits." J Electromagn Waves Appl 36, no. 14 (March 17, 2022): 2.055–2.087. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427445.

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Digital devices; Electromagnetic pulse; Electromagnetic wave absorption; Frequency selective surfaces; Microwave devices; Microwave frequencies; Timing circuits; Analog implementation; Digital implementation; Frequency measurements; Frequency-selective surfaces; High resolution; Low cost power; Measurement circuit; Microwave Photonics; Microwaves frequency; Planar devices; Bandwidth

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13

Solé-Lloveras, Jordi, Marco A. Azpúrua, Yasutoshi Yoshioka, and Ferran Silva. "Strategies Using Time-Domain Measurements for Radiated Emissions Testing in Harsh Environments." IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement 2 (August 10, 2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2023.3303950.

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Performing in-situ radiated emissions measurements, that is, in locations different from a standard test site, can be a challenging task because of the high electromagnetic noise levels in the ambient. A harsh electromagnetic environment characterizes such sites, and it usually results in difficulties when discerning between emissions from the equipment under test (EUT) and electromagnetic fields generated by surrounding devices. Moreover, communication signals from broadcasting services are generally significantly higher than the standard emission limits, making it even harder to determine compliance. In this article, we present different techniques leveraging the advantages of time-domain measurement systems to provide effective and practical solutions to mitigate ambient noise’s effect on radiated electromagnetic interference measurements. First, the test method used is described, and pragmatic considerations are given to ensure reliable and repeatable measurements. Multichannel time-domain measurement systems are introduced as the fundamental tool for the proposed strategies. Subsequently, different study cases are evaluated with real test examples, highlighting several criteria intended to reduce the impact of ambient noise on the actual emissions measures produced by the EUT. Finally, a real application of those strategies for measuring a photovoltaic system is described. Overall, the methods employed and the main advantages of using full-time-domain FFT-based receivers are reviewed. In addition, the possibility of incorporating this article’s outcomes into forthcoming electromagnetic standards about in-situ radiated emission measurements is also debated.

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14

Ge, Liang, Junxian Chen, Guiyun Tian, Wen Zeng, Qi Huang, and Ze Hu. "Study on a New Electromagnetic Flow Measurement Technology Based on Differential Correlation Detection." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092489.

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Under the conditions of low flow rate and strong noise, the current electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) cannot satisfy the requirement for measurement or separate the actual flow signal and interference signal accurately. Correlation detection technology can reduce the bandwidth and suppress noise effectively using the periodic transmission of signal and noise randomness. As for the problem that the current anti-interference technology cannot suppress noise effectively, the noise and interference of the electromagnetic flowmeter were analyzed in this paper, and a design of the electromagnetic flowmeter based on differential correlation detection was proposed. Then, in order to verify the feasibility of the electromagnetic flow measurement system based on differential correlation, an experimental platform for the comparison between standard flow and measured flow was established and a verification experiment was carried out under special conditions and with flow calibration measurements. Finally, the data obtained in the experiment were analyzed. The research result showed that an electromagnetic flowmeter based on differential correlation detection satisfies the need for measurement completely. The lower limit of the flow rate of the electromagnetic flowmeter based on the differential correlation principle could reach 0.084 m/s. Under strong external interferences, the electromagnetic flowmeter based on differential correlation had a fluctuation range in output value of only 10 mV. This shows that the electromagnetic flowmeter based on the differential correlation principle has unique advantages in measurements taken under the conditions of strong noise, slurry flow, and low flow rate.

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15

Braun, S., A. Frech, and P. Russer. "Measurement of electromagnetic interference in time-domain." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-311-2008.

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Abstract. Time-domain EMI measurement systems allow measurement time to be reduced by several orders of magnitude. In this paper a novel real-time operating time-domain EMI measurement system is presented. By the use of several analog-to-digital converters the dynamic range requested by the international EMC standards is achieved. A real-time operating digital signal processing unit is presented. The frequency band that is investigated is subdivided into several sub-bands. A novel implementation of the 9 kHz IF filter for the frequency 150 kHz to 1 GHz is presented. By this way the measurement time has been reduced by a factor of 8000 in comparison to conventional EMI receivers. During emission measurements performed with a modelled IF-bandwidth of 9 kHz the noise floor is decreased to −19 dBµV in the average detector mode by the implemented low noise power splitter. Measurements have been performed with the improved measurement system in the frequency range 30 MHz–1 GHz.

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16

Shakil, A. "Editorial: Electromagnetic measurements and techniques." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 151, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20041055.

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17

Shimoda, K. "Atoms in precision electromagnetic measurements." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 38, no. 2 (April 1989): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.192262.

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18

Ma, M. T., and G. H. Koepke. "Measurements of unintentional electromagnetic emissions." Proceedings of the IEEE 74, no. 1 (1986): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13414.

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19

Kanda, M., E. B. Larsen, M. Borsero, P. G. Galliano, I. Yokoshima, and N. S. Nahman. "Standards for electromagnetic field measurements." Proceedings of the IEEE 74, no. 1 (1986): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13418.

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20

Prather, William D., Jory Cafferky, Lenny Ortiz, and Jay Anderson. "CW Measurements of Electromagnetic Shields." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 55, no. 3 (June 2013): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2012.2237553.

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21

Baratov, Rustam, and Almardon Mustafoqulov. "Smart angular displacement sensor for agricultural field robot manipulators." E3S Web of Conferences 386 (2023): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338603008.

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This study presents the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor and its technical characteristics. The existing electromagnetic angular displacement sensors have been thoroughly analyzed and compared with other types of sensors. The reason for the low sensitivity of the electromagnetic angular displacement sensor has been investigated and some technical modification to the existing sensor has been made. The magnetic circuits of the electromagnetic sensors have been analyzed. A method is proposed for expanding the range of angular measurements up to 180 degrees and increasing the sensitivity of the electromagnetic sensor without compromising the measurement accuracy. This, in turn, allows high-precision control and measurement of rotating mechanisms of all types of mechatronic systems and agricultural robots.

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22

Zeki Çelik, Mehmet, Mehmet Murat Ispirli, Yusuf Öner, and Bülent Oral. "ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS FOR HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES: THE CASE OF TURKEY." Journal of Energy Technology 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2024): 53–61. https://doi.org/10.18690/jet.12.3.53-61.2019.

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A power system is a facility that creates low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) with its highvoltage level and high electric current capacity. In this respect, these electromagnetic fields need to be significantly evaluated from the aspects of both those who are exposed to the fields due to the structure of the facility during their daily lives and those who are exposed to the fields due to their occupa-tion. In this study, the transmission lines and substations in the power system of Turkey are evaluated on account of electric and magnetic field measurements. Firstly, the people living in general publiczones near the transmission line or substation were examined. In another part of the study, measurements were made in the occupational exposure of the staff in the energy zone. The results obtainedfrom measurements are compared with the limit values provided by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The measurements were performed by NARDA EFA‐300 electromagnetic field measurement. The closest point to the ground was determined as the reference point for the measurements performed on transmission lines. The results for differentdistances were obtained by performing measurements following those reference points with fixed distances.

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23

Kwiatkowski, Bogdan, Jacek Bartman, and Paweł Krutys. "The impact of mutual position of joints that generate a bipolar field on the decay of the components of the electromagnetic field’s vector." ITM Web of Conferences 21 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182100021.

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In the article the influence of mutual position of the upper joint in relation to the lower one on the decay of the electromagnetic field was presented. Moreover, the indirect measurement method was depicted, by means of which the measurements were taken on the surface of the contact circuit. This method enables the simultaneous measurement of all the components of the vector of the electromagnetic field.

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24

Zhou, Zhao Ming, Fu Wan, Lei Wang, Zhang Hua Lian, and Yong Chen. "EMAT for Coiled-Tubing Wall Thickness and Ovality Measuring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1903.

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This paper presents a new wall thickness and ovality measuring method engineered for reliable field use. This paper describes the electromagnetic ultrasonic technique in coiled tubing detection. This paper describes requirements for Coiled Tubing specifications, which measuring different parameters, some of which include diameter, ovality, and wall thickness. This method not only thickness measurements but also ovality measuring will be made. This article discusses the electromagnetic ultrasonic thickness measurement of the system components, and experimental tests have shown. Ovality measurement sensor layout is designed. This paper discusses the development of this new methods, this system is suitable for non-contact, real-time, on-line high-speed data measurements.

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25

Xiao, Meng, and Ying Ying Li. "The Measurements and Countermeasures of Electromagnetic Compatibility in CNC System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.489.

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Because CNC systems are usually used in industrial sites, their immunity measurements are very important, this paper introduced how to perform the measurement of electrostatic discharge immunity, surge immunity, electrical fast transient burst immunity and voltage dips and short interruptions immunity. According to experience, it is not so easy to pass the measurements, this paper detailed suitable devices or other countermeasures to solve the problems in order to pass the four measurement items mentioned above.

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26

MALICKA, Marzena, and Mateusz MALICKI. "MEASUREMENT OF THE INTENSITY OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF THE RADIO WAVE EMITTED BY SELECTED MOBILE PHONES." Physics for Economy 1, no. 1 (November 25, 2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rf.2017.pfe.3.

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We are constantly watching the growth of mobile phone users around the world. This causes interest in the issue of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body. The sources of electromagnetic fields are among others mobile telephony. Mobile telephony consists of two basic elements: telephones (terminals) and base stations. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) means the unit of amount of radiofrequency energy absorbed by the human body when using a mobile phone. The aim of the study was to measure the intensity of the electric field of the radio wave emitted by selected mobile phones. The measurements were carried out in the Radiation Measurement Laboratory at the Provincial Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Rzeszów. Measurements were made for devices operating in different data transmission systems operating in certain frequency bands. The electric field of the electromagnetic field was measured using an wide field electromagnetic field measuring device type NBM-550 No. B-0240 with EF-1891 type probe. Measurements were made for devices with switched on and off data transmission at the time of receipt and during signaling. In the following sections describe mobile telephony and the basic characteristics of the mobile phone technology. The last part presents the way of making measurements and presentation of results.

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27

Pham, Hoang Duc, Katja Tüting, and Heyno Garbe. "Calculations of electromagnetic fields in longitudinal irregular TEM-cells." Advances in Radio Science 19 (December 17, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-49-2021.

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Abstract. TEM-cells can be used as a standardized field generator for field probe calibration purposes or electromagnetic compatibility measurements. Because of its practical use as a measurement environment, the electromagnetic behavior over a broad range of frequencies is essential. However, without the understanding of wave reflection, mode-conversion, and attenuation, using such a measurement environment is impractical. In this contribution, we calculate the electromagnetic fields in a longitudinal irregular coaxial TEM-cell. Using a semi-analytical approach, we can determine these wave characteristics. The method is based on the projection of Maxwell's equations onto eigenfunctions. This work's primary objective is to examine the effect of irregular deformed boundaries on the electromagnetic field and the resonance frequencies.

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28

Szymaniec, Sławomir, Sławomir Szymocha, and Łukasz Miszuda. "THE CONCEPT OF A FLYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MEASURING PLATFORM." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.27.

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Nowadays, humans are surrounded by more and more devices that artificially generate an electromagnetic field. According to law, supervision of the level of the electromagnetic field requires specific measurements. Measurement performed by traditional methods have several limitations, which come from the infrastructure and time taken to perform the measurement. New methods of measurement are being developed in order to execute the research relatively quickly and repeatedly without any limitations. One of the methods is to use a flying mobile measurement platform.

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29

Slimani, H., A. Zeghoudi, A. Bendaoud, and S. Bechekir. "Experimental evaluation of conducted disturbances induced during high frequency switching of active components." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 5 (August 21, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.5.04.

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Introduction. Power electronics devices are among the most widely used equipment in all fields. The increasing performance of these devices makes their electromagnetic interference factor very important. On the other hand, electromagnetic compatibility research is more and more interested in studies on the sources of electromagnetic disturbances, their propagation paths and the methods of reducing these electromagnetic disturbances. The purpose is to study the behavior of the various active power components at high frequency as well as the evaluation of their electromagnetic noise by using simulation and experimental measurement. Methods. In first time, the simulation was realized with the Lt-spice software which presents many advantages in its use and we validate in the second time the results obtained with experimental measurements. We start by study of the behavior of the diode, then the behavior of MOSFET transistor and finally the study of the behavior of the IGBT transistor. Results. All the simulations were performed using the Lt-spice software and the results obtained are validated by experimental measurements performed in the APELEC Laboratory at the University of Sidi Bel-Abbes in Algeria. The waveforms of the current and voltage across each component during its opening are presented. The results of the simulations are compared and validated with the realized measurements in order to better present the influence of the fast switching of semiconductors on the electrical quantities, which causes electromagnetic disturbances in the interconnected electrical system.

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30

Vasylieva, Olena, and Pavel Neyezhmakov. "Metrological traceability of the results of testing for electromagnetic compatibility in accordance with the NATO standards." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (July 5, 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707.

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Ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of special-purpose equipment used in a complex saturated radio frequency environment requires testing in accordance with procedures that guarantee a valid verification of its immunity to external electromagnetic fields. The paper presents the national measurement standards and equipment used at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” for the NRE02, NRE03 and NRS02 testing in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard. It is shown how metrological traceability to the SI units of the measurement results is ensured during tests. The paper presents the results of evaluating the uncertainty of the results of measurements of the electromagnetic field strength using the NARDA-550 meter for the frequency ranges of 10 kHz – 1 GHz when using the GTEM chamber, and for the frequency ranges of 1-43 GHz when using the anechoic chamber. The studies have proven that the measurement uncertainties, when calibrating the antenna in the anechoic chamber, and the uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field in the GTEM chamber are the most critical. The obtained results of the uncertainty evaluation of the NARDA-550 calibration coefficient are used for high-precision measurements of radio frequency signals both at emission and being exposed to electromagnetic fields when the disturbances have limit values as regards the provisions of these standards. These results with a discrepancy of no more than 0.05 dB confirm the characteristics of the device provided by the manufacturer. It is shown that the set of national measurement standards and test equipment of the NSC “Institute of Metrology” allows testing special equipment for electromagnetic compatibility according to the NATO standards with the required accuracy.

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31

Reskiyati, Reskiyati, Anis Nisma Yanti, Sitti Rugayya, Kasman Kasman, Hosiana MD Labania, Badaruddin Badaruddin, and Agung Danu Wijaya. "Distribution of Electromagnetic Radiation on Television." Sainstek : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/js.v15i2.10511.

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Electromagnetic radiation on television has been analyzed. The aim is to create a radiation distribution pattern and compare the electromagnetic radiation of Tube television and LED television. In this study, radiation measurements using an electromagnetic radiation sensor. Radiation exposure dose measurements were carried out at 25 measurement points in the television room, namely 5 points each on the track and 1 point in the center of the radiation source. The data processing method uses Scilab to create radiation distribution patterns. The results of data processing showed that the largest radiation exposure dose was on line C (in front of television) for 60 minutes. The radiation value of Tube television is greater than the radiation value of LED television. The isodose contour shows the radiation exposure dose value of 0 at a distance of 2.5 m from the TV, which is the safe limit for watching.

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32

Griffo, G., and P. Vergallo. "Measurements through Rectenna System." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 3, no. 4 (October 2013): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2013100102.

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In this paper a rectenna system for wireless transmission of power is presented, describing the correlated tools for the measurement of electromagnetic fields, in order to optimize the system. The first part is dedicated to the benefits of the currently used systems based on rectenna technology as alternative to the traditional supply systems. After, the diverse structures of rectenna system and their operating modes are discussed. The major parameters of interest for a performance analysis of the rectenna, and the most appropriate tools for a correct measurement of the radiated and absorbed electromagnetic field by the rectenna are reported too.

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33

Shkurkin, M. S. "High-precision measurement equipment for EMC antenna calibration." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika 74, no. 1 (April 3, 2025): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-1-35-42.

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The article formulates the problems of antenna calibration used for testing for electromagnetic compatibility.It is noted that the apparatus and calibration methods of test antennas existing in the Russian Federation do not allow for an effective achievement of EMC test goals, primarily due to high uncertainties of their antenna factor. To achieve the required accuracy of measurements of antenna characteristics and, as a result, electromagnetic compatibility parameters a High-precision measurement equipment for EMC antenna calibration are presented. The application of this equipment allows not only to carry out high-precision measurements of the characteristics of radiated industrial radio interference, but also to implement three classical methods of antenna measurements over a metal ground plane in a large semi-anechoic shielded chamber, as well as a method of measurements at close distances. Based on these methods, algorithms and methods for measuring the characteristics of antennas and antenna calibration test sites have been developed. The main results of the development are presented, including the results of experimental studies of the functionality and metrological characteristics of the measurement system using the example of precision resonant dipoles. The results obtained will be used to create the technical basis for a system to ensure the uniformity of measurements of the characteristics of antennas used for electromagnetic compatibility tests. The developed large polygonal semi-anechoic chamber can be considered as a reference test site of the Russian Federation and in the CIS countries, including during interlaboratory comparison tests.

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34

Iwasaki, Takashi. "Measurements on Electromagnetic Scattering and Absorption." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 117, no. 5 (1997): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.117.5_450.

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35

Piper, Scott W., and James Teune. "Verifying Electromagnetic Simulation Results with Measurements." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems 5, no. 1 (April 16, 2012): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1160.

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36

Kanda, M. "Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 41, no. 10 (1993): 1349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.247775.

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Aumann, T., J. V. Kratz, E. Stiel, K. Sümmerer, W. Brüchle, M. Schädel, G. Wirth, M. Fauerbach, and J. C. Hill. "Inclusive measurements of electromagnetic dissociation ofAu197targets." Physical Review C 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 1728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.47.1728.

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Sattel, Daniel, and James Macnae. "The feasibility of electromagnetic gradiometer measurements." Geophysical Prospecting 49, no. 3 (May 2001): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00244.x.

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Jourdan, J. "Measurements of neutron electromagnetic form factors." Nuclear Physics A 654, no. 1 (July 1999): 513c—516c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(00)88490-0.

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Nahman, Norris S., Motohisa Kanda, Ezra B. Larsen, and Myron L. Crawford. "Methodology for Standard Electromagnetic Field Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-34, no. 4 (December 1985): 490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1985.4315390.

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Coburn, W. O., C. Le, D. J. DeTroye, G. E. Blair, and W. Williams. "Electromagnetic field measurements near a railgun." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31, no. 1 (January 1995): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.364608.

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Knafl, Urs, Hugo Lehmann, and Markus Riederer. "Electromagnetic field measurements using personal exposimeters." Bioelectromagnetics 29, no. 2 (2008): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20373.

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Ershov, A. P. "On Electromagnetic Measurements of Particle Velocity." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 59, no. 5 (October 2023): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508223050076.

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Ivanov, A. V., and S. R. Kopylova. "FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF SIDE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF BROADBAND SIGNALS ON THE EXAMPLE OF DISPLAYPORT INTERFACE." DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS, MECHANISMS AND MACHINES 11, no. 4 (2023): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2310-9793-2023-11-4-109-114.

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The article deals with the technical channel of information leakage due to the side electromagnetic radiation of broadband signals on the example of DisplayPort interface. The peculiarities of detection and measurement of side electromagnetic radiation of broadband signals of modern digital interface - DisplayPort are briefly outlined. The architecture of DisplayPort interface is considered and its peculiarities are revealed. The laboratory stand with the help of which practical research on detection and measurement of side electromagnetic radiation of broadband signals on the example of DisplayPort interface is described in detail. According to the results of measurements the conclusion is made about the correctness of the DisplayPort interface research assumptions.

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Wati, Lisa Listyo, Trapsilo Prihandono, and Sudarti. "Pengaruh Pengaruh Jenis Bahan Atap Terhadap Intensitas Medan Elektromagnetik ELF Oleh SUTET 500 KV." Jurnal Ilmu Fisika dan Pembelajarannya (JIFP) 8, no. 2 (December 14, 2024): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.19109/v9cqv636.

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Based on initial observations, Kersikan Village is passed by the 500 kV SUTET transmission line which is very close to residents' homes. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the type of roofing material and the distance of the study have an effect in reducing the intensity of the ELF electromagnetic field by the 500 kV SUTET. The type of research used is quantitative research using survey techniques. In this study, there are 2 dependent variables, namely ELF magnetic field intensity and ELF electric field intensity. Artificial houses are used to test the effect of roof type on ELF electromagnetic intensity. The research data was measured from morning to night and the measurement distance was getting farther from SUTET. Based on the results obtained, the intensity of the electric field and ELF magnetic field without a roof barrier around the SUTET decreased when compared to measurements under the roof and the biggest decrease occurred when under the galvalume roof. Measurements at a distance of 0 meters obtained greater intensity results than when measuring distances of 50 and 100 meters. The measurements in the morning produced a smaller magnetic field intensity and electric field than the measurements at night. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of roof type, distance and measurement time on the intensity of ELF electromagnetic fields around SUTET.

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Lipinski, Piotr, and Marcin Leplawy. "WiFi Electromagnetic Field Modelling for Indoor Localization." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0039.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop simplified model for WiFi electromagnetic field propagation. The model can be used in preliminary estimation of WiFi transmitter localization for the purpose of WiFi-based indoor localization. It can be particularly useful when designing structural networks.We have developed a simplified linear model of WiFi electromagnetic field modelling and compared it with the most commonly used, more sophisticated models and with measurement results which were carried out in the laboratory. As demonstrated by the results of measurements conducted using various hardware, the accuracy of this simplified model introduced is similar to the commonly used models, but the number of parameters is lower. Therefore, our model easier to implement in real life conditions. The model presented in this paper enables WiFi electromagnetic field modelling when the exact values of propagation parameters and transmitter characteristics is unknown. This is usually the case at the early stage of structural network design,when exact parameters of building construction materials are not known. As the model is very simple, it does not require much effort to deploy, while its accuracy is sufficient for preliminary WiFi transmitter localization. Simplified models of WiFi electromagnetic field propagation are known, but no comparative research combined with measurements has been done in this field. This paper provides a comparison of different electromagnetic field models which can be applied to WiFi electromagnetic field propagation together with measurement results.

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H., Slimani, Zeghoudi A., Bendaoud A., and Bechekir S. "Experimental evaluation of conducted disturbances induced during high frequency switching of active components." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics 2023, no. 5 (August 21, 2023): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2023.5.04.

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<strong><em>Introduction. </em></strong><em>Power electronics devices are among the most widely used equipment in all fields. The increasing performance of these devices makes their electromagnetic interference factor very important. On the other hand, electromagnetic compatibility research is more and more interested in studies on the sources of electromagnetic disturbances, their propagation paths and the methods of reducing these electromagnetic disturbances. The<strong> purpose</strong> is to study the behavior of the various active power components at high frequency as well as the evaluation of their electromagnetic noise by using simulation and experimental measurement. <strong>Methods.</strong> In first time, the simulation was realized with the Lt-spice software which presents many advantages in its use and we validate in the second time the results obtained with experimental measurements. We start by study of the behavior of the diode, then the behavior of MOSFET transistor and finally the study of the behavior of the IGBT transistor. <strong>Results.</strong> All the simulations were performed using the Lt-spice software and the results obtained are validated by experimental measurements performed in the APELEC Laboratory at the University of Sidi Bel-Abbes in Algeria. The waveforms of the current and voltage across each component during its opening are presented. The results of the simulations are compared and validated with the realized measurements in order to better present the influence of the fast switching of semiconductors on the electrical quantities, which causes electromagnetic disturbances in the interconnected electrical system.</em>

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Mann, M., H. Brüggemeyer, and P. Weiß. "Verification of Electromagnetic Field Measurements via Inter-laboratory Comparison Measurements." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-83-2005.

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Abstract. An inter-laboratory comparison of field strength measurements was conducted in order to verify the comparability of high-frequency electromagnetic field measurements. For this purpose, 17 participating teams hosted by the working group "procedures of exposure determination" of the LAI (Länderausschuss für Immissionsschutz, state committee on immission control) determined the field strength at given stations around a hospital situation. At those stations very different signals were generated, such as sine wave signals at 27MHz and 433MHz, signals from a diathermy device in Continuous-Wave (CW) and Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) mode, from a GSM base station at 900MHz and 1800MHz, from a UMTS base station, from a babyphone device and from a DECT cordless phone. This contribution describes the evaluation of the measured values and the approach to the computation of a reference value. Considering various sources of electromagnetic fields in the areas of personal safety at work and of immission control, the most important results are presented and the conclusions drawn are discussed.

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Buzdugan, Mircea. "Considerations about the measurement of electromagnetic emissions." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (July 2023): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.241.

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he main goal of the paper is to present procedures and analysis of the measurement that must be performed and the compulsory results to obtain compliance with conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions. After the introductory section which outlines generalities related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the second section focuses on the dichotomy between near-field and far-field, present in two important zones where electromagnetic phenomena are totally different, which however are not well enough highlighted in the specific EMC standards. The third section is devoted to emission measurements that must be performed in different electromagnetic environments and for different types of equipment depicted in the specific standards in force. As an example, the case of electromagnetic emissions produced by a household gas thermal power unit is presented.

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Chen, Junlin, Guofeng Yao, Min Wang, Liming Zhou, Kuiyang Gao, Peilei Zhou, and Ruiyao Liu. "An Effective Method for Calculation of Mutual Inductance Between Rectangular Coils at Arbitrary Positions in Space." Sensors 25, no. 11 (May 22, 2025): 3265. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25113265.

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Electromagnetic torques generated by mutual inductance between energized coils are widely used in aerospace applications, especially for solar panel deployment. Accurate and rapid acquisition of mutual inductance between coils is essential to provide the necessary electromagnetic force. Therefore, based on the Kalantarov–Zeitlin method and the Neumann formula, this paper presents a straightforward and efficient calculation method for mutual inductance between rectangular coils positioned arbitrarily in space. Building on this foundation, we develop a calculation method for mutual inductance between rectangular multi-turn coils using the principle of superposition. The accuracy of the proposed method’s calculations is validated using data from the published literature, and the computation time is compared with that of other methods. To further validate the accuracy of the computational method proposed in this paper, a rectangular multi-turn coil mutual inductance measurement platform has been constructed. The results indicate that the computation time of the proposed method is shorter, and the calculation outcomes closely align with those obtained from other methods as well as experimental measurements. Furthermore, the calculation accuracy exceeds 95%, providing a reliable basis for determining the electromagnetic force required for the deployment of the solar array driven by electromagnetism.

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