Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic fields (EMF)'
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Karasek, Michal, and Marta Woldanska-Okonska. "Electromagnetic Fields and Human Endocrine System." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.175.
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Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) are commonly present in daily life all over the world. Moreover, EMF are used in the physiotherapy of many diseases because of their beneficial effects. There is widespread public concern that EMF may have potential consequences for human health. Although experimental animal studies indicate that EMF may influence secretion of some hormones, the data on the effects of EMF on human endocrine system are scarce. Most of the results concentrate on influence of EMF on secretion of melatonin. In this review, the data on the influence of EMF on human endocrine system are briefly presented and discussed.
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Hernández-Pavón, Julio César, Modesto Sosa, Teodoro Córdova, Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero, Sergio Solorio-Meza, and Myrna Sabanero-López. "Study of Electromagnetic Fields on Cellular Systems." Acta Universitaria 19 (September 1, 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2009.103.
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In the last decades the interest to study the effect of non-ionizing radiation, such as the electromagnetic fields (EMF) on cellular systems has increased. In this article the interaction between EMF and biological systems is described. An analysis of the effect of the electromagnetic stimulation at different frequencies and intensities on cell cultures is performed. Preliminary results show that the stimulation with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF), EMF from 3 to 30 Hz, on the cellular line of neuroblastomaSK-NSH induces cellular stress. This is reflected by a variation in the proteins expression in comparison with the group of cells no stimulated. In particular, the proteins expression shows that the ELF-EMF produce changes in the current proteins in normal or basal conditionsin the cells, that is, new proteins appear or there is evidence of an increasing in theamount of them.
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Wiart, Joe, Soichi Watanabe, Tongning Wu, Wout Joseph, and Kyong A. Lee. "Electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure." Annals of Telecommunications 74, no. 1-2 (January 14, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-018-0698-4.
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Schuermann, David, and Meike Mevissen. "Manmade Electromagnetic Fields and Oxidative Stress—Biological Effects and Consequences for Health." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073772.
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Concomitant with the ever-expanding use of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems, public and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low-frequency and radiofrequency range has become a widely debated environmental risk factor for health. Radiofrequency (RF) EMF and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) MF have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially leading to cellular or systemic oxidative stress, was frequently found to be influenced by EMF exposure in animals and cells. In this review, we summarize key experimental findings on oxidative stress related to EMF exposure from animal and cell studies of the last decade. The observations are discussed in the context of molecular mechanisms and functionalities relevant to health such as neurological function, genome stability, immune response, and reproduction. Most animal and many cell studies showed increased oxidative stress caused by RF-EMF and ELF-MF. In order to estimate the risk for human health by manmade exposure, experimental studies in humans and epidemiological studies need to be considered as well.
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Novini, Amir. "FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (EMF)." Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/036012993816357575.
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Moon, Jin-Hwa. "Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01494.
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In today’s world, most children are exposed to various manmade electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz. A developing child’s brain is vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation; thus, their caregivers’ concerns about the health effects of EMFs are increasing. EMF exposure is divided into 2 categories: extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3–3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radiofrequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies. The biological effects of EMFs on humans include stimulation, thermal, and nonthermal, the latter of which is the least known. Among the various health issues related to EMFs, the most important issue is human carcinogenicity. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC’s) evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, ELFs and RFs were evaluated as possible human carcinogens (Group 2B). However, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) view of EMFs remains undetermined. This article reviews the current knowledge of EMF exposure on humans, specifically children. EMF exposure sources, biological effects, current WHO and IARC opinions on carcinogenicity, and effects of EMF exposures on children will be discussed. As well-controlled EMF experiments in children are nearly impossible, scientific knowledge should be interpreted objectively. Precautionary approaches are recommended for children until the potential health effects of EMF are confirmed.
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Vian, Alain, Eric Davies, Michel Gendraud, and Pierre Bonnet. "Plant Responses to High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1830262.
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High frequency nonionizing electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) that are increasingly present in the environment constitute a genuine environmental stimulus able to evoke specific responses in plants that share many similarities with those observed after a stressful treatment. Plants constitute an outstanding model to study such interactions since their architecture (high surface area to volume ratio) optimizes their interaction with the environment. In the present review, after identifying the main exposure devices (transverse and gigahertz electromagnetic cells, wave guide, and mode stirred reverberating chamber) and general physics laws that govern EMF interactions with plants, we illustrate some of the observed responses after exposure to HF-EMF at the cellular, molecular, and whole plant scale. Indeed, numerous metabolic activities (reactive oxygen species metabolism,α- andβ-amylase, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, chlorophyll content, terpene emission, etc.) are modified, gene expression altered (calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and proteinase inhibitor), and growth reduced (stem elongation and dry weight) after low power (i.e., nonthermal) HF-EMF exposure. These changes occur not only in the tissues directly exposed but also systemically in distant tissues. While the long-term impact of these metabolic changes remains largely unknown, we propose to consider nonionizing HF-EMF radiation as a noninjurious, genuine environmental factor that readily evokes changes in plant metabolism.
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Nikitina, Valentina N., Galina G. Lyashko, Nina I. Kalinina, Ekaterina N. Dubrovskaya, Alexander M. Vishnevskiy, Anna B. Razletova, and Roman Ya Nizkiy. "Normative and methodological support of control of electromagnetic fields at the ships." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 6 (August 7, 2021): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-6-402-407.
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The seafarers carried out the professional activity in a complex electromagnetic environment (EME), with technical means, structural materials, depending on the purpose of the watercraft, architectural features, and vessel classification. There are static electric fields, permanent magnetic and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields on ships. Marine radio-electronic means (REM) creates Electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the radio frequency range that provide communication, the safety of navigation and operation, and solving navigation problems. According to the documents of the sanitary legislation, specialists carry out control of the maximum permissible EMF levels for watercraft and marine structures at the design stage of the vessel by calculating the intensity of electromagnetic fields during commissioning, instrumental control of EMF levels. There are new technical means in modern automated vessels of various types and purposes that create electromagnetic fields in the crew's stay zones, which makes it urgent to improve regulatory and methodological documents in the area of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of the team and passengers. The study aims to develop proposals for regulatory, methodological, and hardware control over compliance with the maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields on ships to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the crew. Generalization of materials of own research of EME on ships, systematization of sources of electromagnetic fields. Analysis of regulations in occupational safety and health for the protection of the crew from the effects of EME, methodological documents on the calculation forecasting, and instrumental determination of the levels of electromagnetic fields. Experts have revealed that there are electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range in the premises of ships and on open decks. The study showed that electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range are created in the premises of ships and on open decks. Indoors, the most significant is the impact on the crew of electric and magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz created by the ship's electric power systems. In addition, on open decks (at workplaces and in crew recreation areas), the protection of the crew from EMF antennas of the radio frequency range is relevant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for calculating the prediction of EMF levels and improve the means of measuring electromagnetic fields on ships. The most common sources of EMF in the crew's stay areas are radio communication and radar facilities, ship's electric power systems. The task of developing a methodological document on the calculated prediction of EMF levels in rooms and on open decks at the design stage of ships is urgent. In addition, it is necessary to develop devices-meters of electromagnetic fields for instrumental monitoring of EMF levels in actual operating conditions of the vessel.
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Bryukhan, Fedor, and Mariya Amirkhanyan. "Technogenic electromagnetic impact zones of electric grid facilities." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302017.
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Introduction of technogenic physical fields including electromagnetic fields (EMF) to the environment can have an adverse impact on both humans and environment. Development of safety tools protecting against EMF impact involves studying their intensity and assessing EMF spatial extent. This paper proposes a definition of an EMF technogenic impact zone (TIZ) concept based on the instruments lower sensitivity threshold. The paper gives the results of EMF TIZ width assessment based on the measurements of EMF electric and magnetic components intensity generated by power line communication (PLC) along its 200-meter section. The EMF TIZ width was found to be homogeneous along the PLC section. It is noted that the proposed interpretation of EMF TIZ and method of its determination can be generalized for other EMF sources as well, for example, for SHF-radiation sources, tele-and radio-transmission facilities, mobile communication antennas, etc.
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Горохов, E. Gorokhov, Ляпкало, and A. Lyapkalo. "Electromagnetic fields at work places experts of the cellular companies." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5019.
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The paper presents the results of instrumental studies by means of hygienic assessment of levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the workplaces in cellular companies. Measurements of EFM were made on workplaces of 2 groups of employees during the studies: office administrative specialists and technical employees. Instrumental measurements of EMF levels were made by Personal Electronic Computers (PCs) and receivingtransmitting equipment of base cellular stations (BCS). Measurements of EMF from the PC´s screens based on electric and magnetic components were performed: a tension of electric fields with a frequency range of 5Hz-2 kHz and 2 kHz-4 kHz; a tension of magnetic fields in the frequency range of 5Hz-2 kHz and 2 kHz-4 kHz. Measurements of flux density of electromagnetic energy were performed at operating platforms of base stations and at control operating equipment rooms of cellular stations. There were about 150 workplaces of office administrative specialists with PCs surveyed and more 500 workplaces of technical specialists. The activities of administrations of cellular companies were estimated to ensure the safety of working conditions of employees under the influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Literature data on the impact of EMR on human health and health of employees were presented.
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Carlberg, Michael, Tarmo Koppel, Mikko Ahonen, and Lennart Hardell. "Case-Control Study on Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and the Association with Meningioma." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5912394.
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Objective. Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) was in 2002 classified as a possible human carcinogen, Group 2B, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer at WHO based on an increased risk for childhood leukemia. In case-control studies on brain tumors during 1997–2003 and 2007–2009 we assessed lifetime occupations in addition to exposure to different agents. The INTEROCC ELF-EMF Job-Exposure Matrix was used for associating occupations with ELF-EMF exposure (μT) with meningioma. Cumulative exposure (μT-years), average exposure (μT), and maximum exposed job (μT) were calculated. Results. No increased risk for meningioma was found in any category. For cumulative exposure in the highest exposure category 8.52+ μT years odds ratio (OR) = 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7–1.2, and p linear trend = 0.45 were calculated. No statistically significant risks were found in different time windows. Conclusion. In conclusion occupational ELF-EMF was not associated with an increased risk for meningioma.
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Patruno, Antonia, Erica Costantini, Alessio Ferrone, Mirko Pesce, Francesca Diomede, Oriana Trubiani, and Marcella Reale. "Short ELF-EMF Exposure Targets SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in THP-1 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 7284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197284.
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Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have been known to modulate inflammatory responses by targeting signal transduction pathways and influencing cellular redox balance through the generation of oxidants and antioxidants. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-oxidative effect of ELF-EMF in THP-1 cells, particularly with respect to antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), regulated transcriptionally through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Cells treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for 1 h, 6 h and, 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF-EMF induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in LPS-treated THP-1 cells, with peak expression at 6 h, accompanied with a concomitant migration to the nucleus of a truncated HO-1 protein form. The immunostaining analysis further verified a nuclear enrichment of HO-1. Moreover, ELF-EMF inhibited the protein expressions of the sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, confirming their anti-inflammatory/antioxidative role. Pretreatment with LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) and PD980559 (ERK inhibitor) inhibited LPS-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 protein expression in ELF-EMF-exposed cells. Taken together, our results suggest that short ELF-EMF exposure exerts a protective role in THP-1 cells treated with an inflammatory/oxidative insult such as LPS, via the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and SIRT1 /NF-kB pathways associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) accumulation.
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Zeleke, Berihun, Christopher Brzozek, Chhavi Bhatt, Michael Abramson, Rodney Croft, Frederik Freudenstein, Peter Wiedemann, and Geza Benke. "Personal Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields among Australian Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102234.
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The measurement of personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) is important for epidemiological studies. RF-EMF exposure can be measured using personal exposimeters that register RF-EMFs over a wide range of frequency bands. This study aimed to measure and describe personal RF-EMF exposure levels from a wide range of frequency bands. Measurements were recorded from 63 participants over an average of 27.4 (±4.5) hours. RF-EMF exposure levels were computed for each frequency band, as well as from downlink (RF from mobile phone base station), uplink (RF from mobile phone handsets), broadcast, and Wi-Fi. Participants had a mean (±SD) age of 36.9 ± 12.5 years; 66.7% were women; and almost all (98.2%) from urban areas. A Wi-Fi router at home was reported by 61 participants (96.8%), with 38 (61.2%) having a Wi-Fi enabled smart TV. Overall, 26 (41.3%) participants had noticed the existence of a mobile phone base station in their neighborhood. On average, participants estimated the distance between the base station and their usual residence to be about 500 m. The median personal RF-EMF exposure was 208 mV/m. Downlink contributed 40.4% of the total RF-EMF exposure, followed by broadcast (22.4%), uplink (17.3%), and Wi-Fi (15.9%). RF-EMF exposure levels on weekdays were higher than weekends (p < 0.05). Downlink and broadcast are the main contributors to total RF-EMF personal exposure. Personal RF-EMF exposure levels vary according to day of the week and time of day.
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Nikitina, Valentina N., G. G. Lyashko, and N. I. Kalinina. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY FOR CREWS OF THE ICEBREAKING FLEET VESSEL." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-12-1210-1214.
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Introduction. The article presents results of a study on the hygienic evaluation of the impact of levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from electrical equipment, communications and navigational aids on modern automated ice-breaking vessels to the electromagnetic safety of the crew. Material and methods. The instrumental measurement of EMF levels from power equipment, electronic equipment, computers, were conducted in places of a permanent and temporary stay of the crew watches in parked icebreakers in the port and during sea trials. The assessment of the levels of electromagnetic radiation from the antennas of radio relay stations (radar) was conducted using the forecasting parameters of the EMF. Results. Onboard computers, marine electrical, communications and radar transmitters do not create electromagnetic fields exceeding the RC in crew workplaces of ship premises. Levels of EMF SHF range generated by RADAR antennas on the open deck, also do not exceed RC. Electromagnetic fields exceeding the RC are registered at work communications transmitters VHF, MF/HF on the decks of the installation of antennas transmitting devices. Discussion. There is a relevant matter of the protection of the crew from the EMF generated by the antennas of modern radars. Evaluation of the EMF RADAR intensity is only possible on the basis of data on forecasting levels of the electromagnetic radiation. To protect the crew from the EMF generated by antennas means the marine radio and RADAR on open decks should implement measures to limit exposure time to install warning signs and placards. Conclusions. There is required the improvement of normative-methodical documents in the field of the protection of the crew from the EMF. You must create a measurement technique for recording the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the radar. Research data can be used for the development of science-based sanitary-epidemiological requirements for electromagnetic safety of the crew.
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Buyakova, Natal'ya, Andrey Kryukov, and Evgeniy Glyzin. "ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE AUTOTRANSFORMER SYSTEMS OF TRACTION POWER SUPPLY." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2018, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-2018-1-135-136.
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Results of imitating modeling of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the systems of traction power supply of 94 kV are described. It is shown that tensions of EMF in these systems don't surpass admissible levels.
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Sakhaie, Mohammad Hassan, Mansoureh Soleimani, Bagher Pourheydar, Zahra Majd, Pezhman Atefimanesh, Sara Soleimani Asl, and Mehdi Mehdizadeh. "Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neurogenesis and Cognitive Behavior in an Experimental Model of Hippocampal Injury." Behavioural Neurology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9194261.
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Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields may induce constant modulation in neuronal plasticity. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to design a suitable strategy for enhancing adult neurogenesis, which seems to be deterred due to brain senescence and several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ELF-EMF on neurogenesis and memory, following treatment with trimethyltin chloride (TMT) as a neurotoxicant. The mice in all groups (n=56) were injected with BrdU during the experiment for seven consecutive days to label newborn cells. Spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. By the end of the experiment, neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation were assessed in the hippocampus, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Based on the findings, exposure to ELF-EMF enhanced spatial learning and memory in the MWM test. ELF-EMF exposure significantly enhanced the number of BrdU+ and NeuN+ cells in the dentate gyrus of adult mice (P<0.001 and P<0.05, resp.). Western blot analysis revealed significant upregulation of NeuroD2 in ELF-EMF-exposed mice compared to the TMT-treated group (P<0.05). These findings suggest that ELF-EMF might have clinical implications for the improvement of neurodegenerative processes and could help develop a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Amirkhanyan, Mariya, and Fedor Bryukhan. "Measurement errors of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency in urban areas." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817002020.
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The universal development of electrical grid infrastructure of the cities leads to an increase in the level of electromagnetic pollution of residential and especially industrial areas. Concern of the urban population about human exposure to potential danger of negative influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) causes the need for large-scale EMF research in urban areas. To conduct this type of study, the estimates of measurement errors of intensities of the electrical and magnetic components of the EMF should be performed. The goal of this research is to assess the EMF measurement errors of the industrial frequency in urban areas. The error estimation of EMF measurements generated by power line communication was performed using the section of the territory of Moscow’s North East, as an example. The main statistical characteristics of measurement errors were determined. It is found that, when performing 3 series of measuring, the errors reduce by 1.5-3 times. When strong EMF intensities exist, it is recommended to carry out not one but a series of measurements with subsequent averaging of the results in each investigated point of the area.
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Morimoto, S., T. Takahashi, K. Shimizu, T. Kanda, K. Okaishi, M. Okuro, M. Okuro, et al. "Electromagnetic Fields Inhibit Endothelin-1 Production Stimulated by Thrombin in Endothelial Cells." Journal of International Medical Research 33, no. 5 (September 2005): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000503300510.
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Electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation has been found to induce arteriolar dilatation, but the mechanism of action remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of EMF radiation on the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, by cultured endothelial cells. EMF radiation reduced ET-1 basal levels in human umbilical vein and microvascular endothelial cells, but failed to reduce ET-1 basal levels in bovine and human aortic endothelial cells. EMF radiation significantly inhibited thrombin-stimulated ET-1 production in all four endothelial cell types in a dose-dependent manner. EMF radiation significantly inhibited thrombin-induced endothelin-1 mRNA expression in all four cell types. The inhibitory effect of EMF radiation on ET-1 production was abolished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (10−3 mol/l). These results demonstrate that EMF radiation modulates ET-1 production in cultured vascular endothelial cells and the inhibitory effect of EMF radiation is, at least partly, mediated through a nitric oxide-related pathway.
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Fernie, Kimberly J., and David M. Bird. "Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Growth of Nestling American Kestrels." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.461.
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AbstractWe studied nestling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in a laboratory setting to determine whether exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) affected their growth. Captive nestlings were raised by their parents under control or EMF conditions similar to those occurring near transmission lines in the wild. Nestlings also were exposed to EMFs as embryos when incubated by their parents. Measurements of body mass, and lengths of tarsi, antebrachia, and feathers were taken every three days after hatching. EMF exposure affected the growth of female and male nestlings. EMF nestlings and fledglings were heavier and had longer tarsi. The periods of maximal weight gain and antebrachial growth were delayed in EMF males compared to controls, although EMF males were heavier and had similarly long antebrachia to controls by 21 days of age. Growth of ninth primaries and central rectrices of nestlings were unaffected by EMF exposure. Growth patterns of male and female kestrel nestlings were similar to those previously reported for this species, although the periods of maximal weight gain and bone growth did not occur earlier in EMF males than females as it did in controls.
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Amyan, Armine, and Sinerik Ayrapetyan. "The Biological Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Vibrations on Barley Seed Hydration and Germination." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.179.
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The changes of wet and dry weights and germination of barley seed in different periods of its swelling in nontreated (control), extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) )treated, and extremely low frequency vibrations (ELFV)treated cold (4°C) and warm (20°C) distilled water (DW) were studied. The metabolic-dependent seed hydration, dry weight dissolving, germination, and water binding in seed were modulated by preliminary EMF- and ELFV-treated DW. Frequency “windows” for the effect of EMF and ELFV on seed hydration, solubility, water binding in seed, and germination were discovered. These “windows” were different for EMF and ELFV, as well as in various phases of seed swelling. It is suggested that EMF-induced water structure modification has a different biological effect on the process of seed hydration, solubility, water binding in seed, and germination compared to ELFV.
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Bugayets, Natalia, Sergey Usatikov, Lyubov Lyubimova, Igor Tereshchenko, Azamat Shantyz, and Peter Miroshnichenko. "Prediction model of microbiological and organoleptic indicators of salads during storage with the processing by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700110.
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The aim of the research is the scientific justification, development and implementation of physical methods for the protection of culinary products from microbiological damage. The effect of the electromagnetic field of extremely low frequency (EMF ELF) on the expiration date of vegetable salads was studied. The effective processing parameters of the EMF ELF treatment of vegetable vinaigrette postponed its expiration date, providing high quality and safety of dishes throughout the storage period.
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Simkó, Myrtill. "Induction of Cell Activation Processes by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.174.
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Electromagnetic fields (EMF) such as those from electric power transmission and distribution lines (50/60 Hz) have been associated with increased risk of childhood leukemia, cancer of the nervous system, and lymphomas. Severalin vitrostudies on EMF effects were performed to clarify the existing controversies, define the risks, and determine the possible mechanisms of adverse effects. In some of these reports, the effects were related to other mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Modification in cell proliferation was observed after EMF exposure and a few reports on cytotoxic effects have also been published. This limited review gives an overview of the current results of scientific research regardingin vitrostudies on the effects of power line frequency EMF, but also cell biological mechanisms and their potential involvement in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are discussed. Cell cycle control and signal transduction processes are included to elucidate the biochemical background of possible interactions. Exposure to EMF has been also linked to the incidence of leukemia and other tumors in some epidemiological studies and is considered as “possibly carcinogenic to humans”, but there is no well-established biological mechanism that explains such a relation. Furthermore, EMF is also shown as a stimulus for immune relevant cells (e.g., macrophages) to release free radicals. It is known that chronic activation of macrophages is associated with the onset of phagocytosis and leads to increased formation of reactive oxygen species, which themselves may cause DNA damage and are suggested to lead to carcinogenesis. To demonstrate a possible interaction between EMF and cellular systems, we present a mechanistic model describing cell activation as a major importance for cellular response.
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Amirkhanyan, Mariya, and Fedor Bryukhan. "Shielding effect of reinforced concrete fences in electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825106006.
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Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are one of the main types of physical pollution of the environment in urban lands. The danger of adverse impact of EMF on human health increases with growth of electric power consumption. Therefore, the issues of protection of the population against EMF impact are becoming very important. One of the options for protection against EMF exposure is the use of reinforced concrete fences with shielding properties. Despite the simplicity of such a device against EMF, it can be stated that shielding effect assessment issues are poorly known. The objective of this paper is to assess the shielding effect of reinforced concrete fences in EMF industrial frequency. The shielding effect of the reinforced concrete fences study was conducted on the surrounding area of the thermal power plant (TPP), located on the edge of Mytishchi city of the Moscow Region. The effects of an abrupt increase in the EMF intensity in front of the reinforced concrete fence and its decrease behind the fence are revealed. It is found that these effects are associated with the concrete reinforcement impact inside the fence, in which an alternating electric current is generated. The shielding effect determines the partial reflection of EMF in front of the fence and decrease of EMF inside it. Accounting for the shielding effect of reinforced concrete fences provides perspectives of organizing the protection of the population near residential and industrial buildings, as well as protection of personnel working in the strong EMF areas.
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C, Sert. "The effects of EMF (ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS) on the Bone and Cartilage Tissue." Journal of Novel Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 1, no. 2 (2017): 054–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jnpr.1001007.
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Liu, Yong, Wen-bin Liu, Kai-jun Liu, Lin Ao, Julia Li Zhong, Jia Cao, and Jin-yi Liu. "Effect of 50 Hz Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the DNA Methylation and DNA Methyltransferases in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cell Line GC-2." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/237183.
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Previous studies have shown that the male reproductive system is one of the most sensitive organs to electromagnetic radiation. However, the biological effects and molecular mechanism are largely unclear. Our study was designed to elucidate the epigenetic effects of 50 Hz ELF-EMFin vitro. Mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line was exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF (5 min on and 10 min off) at magnetic field intensity of 1 mT, 2 mT, and 3 mT with an intermittent exposure for 72 h. We found that 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure decreased genome-wide methylation at 1 mT, but global methylation was higher at 3 mT compared with the controls. The expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b was decreased at 1 mT, and 50 Hz ELF-EMF can increase the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b of GC-2 cells at 3 mT. However, 50 Hz ELF-EMF had little influence on the expression of DNMT3a. Then, we established DNA methylation and gene expression profiling and validated some genes with aberrant DNA methylation and expression at different intensity of 50 Hz ELF-EMF. These results suggest that the alterations of genome-wide methylation and DNMTs expression may play an important role in the biological effects of 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure.
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BORTKIEWICZ, Alicja. "Health effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF EMF)." Industrial Health 57, no. 4 (2019): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.57_400.
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Santini, Silvano Junior, Valeria Cordone, Stefano Falone, Mahmut Mijit, Carla Tatone, Fernanda Amicarelli, and Giovanna Di Emidio. "Role of Mitochondria in the Oxidative Stress Induced by Electromagnetic Fields: Focus on Reproductive Systems." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (November 8, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5076271.
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Modern technologies relying on wireless communication systems have brought increasing levels of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This increased research interest in the effects of these radiations on human health. There is compelling evidence that EMFs affect cell physiology by altering redox-related processes. Considering the importance of redox milieu in the biological competence of oocyte and sperm, we reviewed the existing literature regarding the effects of EMFs on reproductive systems. Given the role of mitochondria as the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we focused on the hypothesis of a mitochondrial basis of EMF-induced reproductive toxicity. MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus database were examined for peer-reviewed original articles by searching for the following keywords: “extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs),” “radiofrequency (RF),” “microwaves,” “Wi-Fi,” “mobile phone,” “oxidative stress,” “mitochondria,” “fertility,” “sperm,” “testis,” “oocyte,” “ovarian follicle,” and “embryo.” These keywords were combined with other search phrases relevant to the topic. Although we reported contradictory data due to lack of uniformity in the experimental designs, a growing body of evidence suggests that EMF exposure during spermatogenesis induces increased ROS production associated with decreased ROS scavenging activity. Numerous studies revealed the detrimental effects of EMFs from mobile phones, laptops, and other electric devices on sperm quality and provide evidence for extensive electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain as the main cause of EMF damage. In female reproductive systems, the contribution of oxidative stress to EMF-induced damages and the evidence of mitochondrial origin of ROS overproduction are reported, as well. In conclusion, mitochondria seem to play an important role as source of ROS in both male and female reproductive systems under EMF exposure. Future and more standardized studies are required for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying EMF potential challenge to our reproductive system in order to improve preventive strategies.
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Quaglino, Daniela, Miriam Capri, Luigi Zecca, Claudio Franceschi, and Ivonne P. Ronchetti. "The Effect on Rat Thymocytes of the Simultaneous In Vivo Exposure to 50-Hz Electric and Magnetic Field and to Continuous Light." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.183.
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Thymus plays an important role in the immune system and can be modulated by numerous environmental factors, including electromagnetic fields (EMF). The present study has been undertaken with the aim to investigate the role of long-term exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on thymocytes of rats housed in a regular dark/light cycle or under continuous light. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 months old, were exposed or sham exposed for 8 months to 50-Hz sinusoidal EMF at two levels of field strength (1 kV/m, 5 μT and 5 kV/m, 100 μT, respectively). Thymus from adult animals exhibits signs of gradual atrophy mainly due to collagen deposition and fat substitution. This physiological involution may be accelerated by continuous light exposure that induces a massive death of thymocytes. The concurrent exposure to continuous light and to ELF-EMF did not change significantly the rate of mitoses compared to sham-exposed rats, whereas the amount of cell death was significantly increased, also in comparison with animals exposed to EMF in a 12-h dark-light cycle. In conclusion, long-term exposure to ELF-EMF, in animals housed under continuous light, may reinforce the alterations due to a photic stress, suggesting that,in vivo, stress and ELF-EMF exposure can act in synergy determining a more rapid involution of the thymus and might be responsible for an increased susceptibility to the potentially hazardous effects of ELF-EMF.
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Chiaramello, Emma, Marta Bonato, Serena Fiocchi, Gabriella Tognola, Marta Parazzini, Paolo Ravazzani, and Joe Wiart. "Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Exposure Assessment in Indoor Environments: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 17, 2019): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060955.
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Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in indoor environments depends on both outdoor sources such as radio, television and mobile phone antennas and indoor sources, such as mobile phones and wireless communications applications. Establishing the levels of exposure could be challenging due to differences in the approaches used in different studies. The goal of this study is to present an overview of the last ten years research efforts about RF EMF exposure in indoor environments, considering different RF-EMF sources found to cause exposure in indoor environments, different indoor environments and different approaches used to assess the exposure. The highest maximum mean levels of the exposure considering the whole RF-EMF frequency band was found in offices (1.14 V/m) and in public transports (0.97 V/m), while the lowest levels of exposure were observed in homes and apartments, with mean values in the range 0.13–0.43 V/m. The contribution of different RF-EMF sources to the total level of exposure was found to show slightly different patterns among the indoor environments, but this finding has to be considered as a time-dependent picture of the continuous evolving exposure to RF-EMF.
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Buyakova, N. V., V. P. Zakaryukin, A. V. Kryukov, and D. A. Seredkin. "Simulation of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Overhead Power Lines and Railroad Traction Networks." Energy Systems Research, no. 2(14) (July 23, 2021): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.02.0007.
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The establishment of smart grids requires special attention to the safety of power industry facilities and the reduction in their negative impact on personnel and the environment. A significant factor of such an impact is the considerable intensities of electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by such facilities. In the context of power industry digitalization, the development of methods and tools for EMF digital simulation is needed to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the service personnel. Computer models designed to adequately determine the EMF generated by overhead power lines (OPL) can be implemented based on the methods and tools created to determine operating parameters of electric power systems in phase coordinates developed at Irkutsk State Transport University. The technique of electromagnetic safety analysis is implemented based on the proposed approach and has the following features: a systems approach, which is the possibility of simulating electromagnetic fields in terms of properties and characteristics of a complex electric power system; versatility, which allows simulating power lines and traction networks of various designs; appropriateness to the environment achieved by considering the profile of the underlying surface, underground utilities, and artificial structures of rail transport, such as galleries, bridges, and tunnels; comprehensiveness, which is provided by combining the computation of operating parameters and the determination of EMF intensities. The paper describes methods and algorithms developed to determine the intensities of electromagnetic fields generated by multi-conductor power lines at fundamental and higher harmonics frequencies. A technique for the EMF determination at the points of OPL orthogonal crossing is also presented.
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Heredia-Rojas, J., Abraham Rodríguez-De la Fuente, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Omar Heredia-Rodríguez, Laura Rodríguez-Flores, Michaela Beltcheva, and Ma Castañeda-Garza. "In Vivo Cytotoxicity Induced by 60 Hz Electromagnetic Fields under a High-Voltage Substation Environment." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082789.
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Living beings permanently receive electromagnetic radiation, particularly from extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), which may cause adverse health effects. In this work, we studied the in vivo cytotoxic effects of exposing BALB/c mice to 60 Hz and 8.8 µT EMFs during 72 h and 240 h in a switchyard area, using animals exposed to 60 Hz and 2.0 mT EMFs or treated with 5 mg/kg mitomycin C (MMC) as positive controls. Micronucleus (MN) frequency and male germ cell analyses were used as cytological endpoints. ELF-EMF exposure was observed to significantly (p < 0.05) increase MN frequency at all conditions tested, with the 2 mT/72 h treatment causing the highest response, as compared with untreated control. In addition, increased sperm counts were observed after switchyard area ELF-EMF exposure, as compared with untreated control. In contrast, low sperm counts were obtained for 72 h/2.0 mT-exposed animals and for MMC-treated mice (p < 0.05), without altering male germ cell morphological characteristics.
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Mohamed, Zakaria, Fadel Ali, Medahat Abdel-Lateef, and Asmaa Hosny. "Growth inhibition of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields." Acta botanica Croatica 79, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-022.
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This study investigates the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on the growth and antioxidant defence enzymes of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju. To determine resonance frequency of growth inhibition of C. raciborskii, cells were subjected to ELF square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) with a range of frequencies (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 Hz) at single intensity of 100 V m–1 for 30 minutes. The results revealed that the highest growth inhibition of Cylindrospermopsis occurred upon exposure to 0.7 Hz QAMW for 30 min. ELF-EMF-exposed cultures exhibited a marked decrease in cell number, chlorophyll-a content and activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to control cultures, and this effect increased with the prolongation of exposure time. Moreover, ELF-EMF induced morphological changes in Cylindrospermopsis cells upon exposure to 0.7 Hz QAMW for 120 min, including shrinking and disintegration of cytoplasmic contents, and thickening of the cell wall. Changes in dielectric properties, as a measure of interaction of cellular constituents (e.g., plasma membrane, cell wall and cytoplasm), with electromagnetic fields were also observed for treated cells. Our results provide a new possibility for using ELF-EMFs to eliminate toxic cyanobacteria from drinking and recreational water sources.
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Sajadian, Akram, Elham Razmpoosh, Farshid Alaeddini, and Maryam Bassiri. "1Hz and 100mT Electromagnetic Field Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells Through Up-Regulation of P38 and P21." Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/acadpub.mci.4.1.23.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women. Recently, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) has been proposed as a new interfering agent with future therapeutic potentials. Many studies have revealed that cellular processes such as apoptosis in breast cancer are affected by ELF-EMFs. However, more researches are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of action for these fields. In this study, the apoptotic effect of ELF-EMF on the MC4L2 cell line was examined and the mRNA expression level of the P21 and P38 genes were further investigated. Methods: A triple-positive mouse breast cancer cell line (MC4L2) was purchased from the Genetic Resource Center (Iran). This study was performed on two groups of ELF-EMF exposure (100mT/1 Hz for 5 days, 120 min each day) and sham exposure. Cell viability and apoptosis rate of both the exposure and sham exposure groups weredetermined by flow cytometry. Alterations in the P21 and P38 mRNAs expression levelswere investigated; using real-time PCR. Results: ELF-EMF exposure induced 30% apoptosis in MC4L2 cells compared with the control group. The mRNA expression level of P38 and P21 was significantly increased after ELF-EMF exposure compared to the control group. Conclusions: ELF-EMF induces apoptosis in the MC4L2 triple-positive cell line. Furthermore, this exposure affects important gene expression involved in the cell cycle. Our data propose that ELF-EMF in a specific time, intensity, and frequency could be beneficial for breast cancer treatment. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Lee, Sang-Kon, Sungman Park, Yoon-Myoung Gimm, and Yoon-Won Kim. "Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Induce Spermatogenic Germ Cell Apoptosis: Possible Mechanism." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567183.
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The energy generated by an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is too weak to directly induce genotoxicity. However, it is reported that an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) is related to DNA strand breakage and apoptosis. The testes that conduct spermatogenesis through a dynamic cellular process involving meiosis and mitosis seem vulnerable to external stress such as heat, MF exposure, and chemical or physical agents. Nevertheless the results regarding adverse effects of ELF-EMF on human or animal reproductive functions are inconclusive. According to the guideline of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP; 2010) for limiting exposure to time-varying MF (1 Hz to 100 kHz), overall conclusion of epidemiologic studies has not consistently shown an association between human adverse reproductive outcomes and maternal or paternal exposure to low frequency fields. In animal studies there is no compelling evidence of causal relationship between prenatal development and ELF-MF exposure. However there is increasing evidence that EL-EMF exposure is involved with germ cell apoptosis in testes. Biophysical mechanism by which ELF-MF induces germ cell apoptosis has not been established. This review proposes the possible mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in testes induced by ELF-MF.
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Tripathy, Subhashish, Amit Mishra, and Arun Kumar Mishra. "The Unexplained Negative Electromagnetic Radiation and its Reduction effect on Human by Electromagnetic seed Rudraksha." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3-S (June 15, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3-s.4881.
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Electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) are indefinable regions of energy that are often referred to as Radiation and are linked to the use of electricity as well as various natural and man-made phenomena. Due to continuous exposure to Unexplained and negative EMF, people experienced stress, anxiety, Hypoxia, and even long-term exposure result in Cancer to patients. On the other hand, Rudraksha seeds are globally known as electromagnetic seeds due to their positive electromagnetic healing effect. This research was conducted to find the consequence of the Negative EMF effect on human pulse rate and Oxygen carrying capacity in blood and the use of Rudraksha to study cut off harmful effect of negative EMF by this Electromagnetic property. This topic constitutes a new domain with the largely unstudied potential of Rudraksha seeds shielding effect on Unexplained Negative Electromagnetic Radiation.
Keywords: EMF, Rudraksha, electromagnetic seeds, human pulse rate, Oxygen carrying capacity, Negative Electromagnetic Radiation.
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Amado-González, Eliseo, Alveiro Álvarez Ovallos, and Alfonso Quijano Parra. "Electromagnetic Fields (0.04 to 0.39) mT effect on cellular growth cycles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains." BISTUA REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS 17, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v2.n2.2019.3536.
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Low frecuency electromagnetic fields effect (EMF) on growth cycles of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains Rv1 and Rhône were studied. A cylindrical coil induced magnetic fields with inductions up to 0,39 mT. Exposure time to EMF varied between (1 – 10) min at 30 °C. The biomass growth were monitored in the reactor culture media (yeast extract + by measurement optical density from (0 to 32) h. The biomass was found by dry weight. After yeast expose to the different EMF, the number of growth cycles decreased from 4 cycles to 2 or 1. However, the biomass production increased almost 50 %. The best biomass production was found at 0.39 mT and 10 min exposure time. Keywords: Electromagnetic fields, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, biomass production, RV1
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Amirkhanian, Maria. "Assessment of the impact of forest plantations on the intensity of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.10.
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Introduction. Influence of forest plantations on intensity of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of commercial frequency (50 Hz), generated by high voltage power transmission line (PTL), is considered. Materials and methods. The study was conducted near the village of Boltino in the Moscow Region. The EMF measurements were made on two profiles perpendicular to the 500 kV PTL (power transmission line) axis, one of which passes through the forest area, the other one does not cross it. Measurements of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields (CFEMF) were carried out using a measurement device and antennas, designed to measure the intensities of magnetic and electrical fields. Results. The comparative analysis of the character of change of electric and magnetic components of EMF with distance from the PTL axis allowed to establish the effect of EMF intensity decrease starting from the forest area boundary. Diagrams show that EMF reduction effect is more pronounced for the electrical component. Conclusions. The revealed effect to a certain extent shows the analogy of the forest area with the Faraday cage. However, such an analogy is not complete due to the fact that the forest area is not a perfectly conductive body, but has only a low conductivity. Additional EMF reduction occurs as a result of partial EMF energy absorption by the forest area
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Mehic, Bakir. "Retraction: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (Emf)." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 10, no. 3 (August 20, 2010): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2696.
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This retracts the article "EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (EMF)" on page 245. The Editor-in-chief of the Bosnian Journal ofBasic Medical Sciences has decided to retract the article from Bayazit V et al. [1] entitled as: “Evaluation of carcinogenic effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF)” published in Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2010 Aug;10(3):245-50.After the editorial office was alerted of possible plagiarism in the article, it conducted thorough investigation and concluded that the article apparently represents plagiarized material from two World Health Organization reports, one European Commission report and other sources. Since this is considered scientific plagiarism and scientific misconduct, Editor-in-chief has decided to withdraw the article. The authors have agreed with the editorial office decision.
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Migault, Lucile, Ronan Garlantezec, Clément Piel, Laetitia Marchand-Martin, Sébastien Orazio, Marie Cheminat, Cécile Zaros, et al. "O1B.6 Maternal cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, prematurity and bith weight: a pooled analysis of two birth cohorts." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A6.2—A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.17.
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BackgroundData on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on pregnancy outcomes are inconclusive.ObjectivesTo study the relation between maternal cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during pregnancy and the risk of prematurity or small for gestational age in a pooled analysis of two French birth cohorts.MethodsElfe and Epipage2 are both population-based birth cohorts initiated in 2011 and included 18 329 and 8400 births respectively. Health data and household, mother and child characteristics were obtained from medical records, by face-to-face interview at maternity, and completed during follow-up. A recently updated job-exposure-matrix (JEM) was used to assess cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during three periods: 1) until 15, 2) until 28 and 3) until 32 weeks of gestation. Analyses were restricted to single live births in mainland France and to mothers with documented jobs (n=19,894). Differences in selection frame between the two cohorts were controlled using a propensity score weighting method. We used multiple imputation method to deal with missing data. Logistic regression models adjusted for the main potential confounders were used.ResultsAccording to the period studied, 3.2% to 4% of mothers were classified as highly exposed to ELF-EMF. An increased risk of spontaneous prematurity was observed among the most exposed groups in period 2 and period 3. Overall, no consistent association with small for gestational age was found.ConclusionThis study, with substantial statistical power provides evidence of a possible association between cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous prematurity.
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Blokhin, I. S., G. N. Arsen'ev, and V. B. Dorokhov. "Improving the quality of sleep under distant effects of weak extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields measured by subjective indicators." SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII, no. 2. 2018 (2018): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2965-2018-2-61-82.
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Periodic variations of natural weak extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) along with illumination can serve for entrainment of circadian rhythms. It seems promising to use the non-pharmacological remote physiotherapy exposure to ELF-EMF for the correction of sleep disorders and the normalization of circadian rhythms of sleep. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of weak ELFMF on different characteristics of night sleep, estimated by subjective assessment of sleep quality. In our experiments, an ELF-EMF generator “Smart Sleep” formed rectangular current pulses supplied to the magnetic field emitter. The device has 7 modes of pulse frequency: 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 Hz. At a distance of 70–200 cm from the device field intensity was less than 0.2 µT, which is significantly less than the permissible hygienic standards. 20 healthy volunteers (both sexes, aged 20–30) took part in the study and self-assessed the night’s sleep: sleep quality, sleep latency, wellbeing on awakening, sleep fragmentation, quality of dreams, emotions in dreams, dreams’ memorability, awareness in dreams. The Kruskall-Wallis single-factor rank analysis was used. Significant improvements under ELF-EMF influence were found: p < 0,05 for the: wellbeing on awakening (4 Hz, 20 Hz), sleep fragmentation (8 Hz) and latency (20 Hz), the dream memorability (4 Hz), quality (2 Hz, 16 Hz), emotions (8 Hz) and awareness (20 Hz); p < 0,01 for the: sleep latency (32 Hz), the dream memorability (2 Hz), quality (4Hz) and emotions (2 Hz).
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Mehić, Bakir. "Retraction: Evaluation of carcinogenic effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF)." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 10, no. 4 (November 20, 2010): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2682.
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The Editor-in-chief of the Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences has decided to retract the article from Bayazit V et al. [1] entitled as: “Evaluation of carcinogenic effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF)” published in Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2010 Aug;10(3):245-50.After the editorial office was alerted of possible plagiarism in the article, it conducted thorough investigation and concluded that the article apparently represents plagiarized material from two World Health Organization reports, one European Commission report and other sources. Since this is considered scientific plagiarism and scientific misconduct, Editor-in-chief has decided to withdraw the article. The authors have agreed with the editorial office decision.
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Neocleous, Andreas. "Evaluation of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) in Schools in Cyprus." Environmentalist 25, no. 2-4 (December 2005): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-005-4290-x.
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Salomon, Danielle. "Medical practitioners and electromagnetic fields (EMF): Testing their concern." Comptes Rendus Physique 11, no. 9-10 (November 2010): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2011.01.001.
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Migault, Lucile, Ronan Garlantézec, Clément Piel, Laetitia Marchand-Martin, Sébastien Orazio, Marie Cheminat, Cécile Zaros, et al. "Maternal cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, prematurity and small for gestational age: a pooled analysis of two birth cohorts." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-105785.
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BackgroundData on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on pregnancy outcomes are inconclusive.ObjectiveTo study the relation between maternal cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during pregnancy and the risk of prematurity or small for gestational age (SGA) in a pooled analysis of two French birth cohorts.MethodsElfe and Epipage2 are both population-based birth cohorts initiated in 2011 and included 18 329 and 8400 births, respectively. Health data and household, mother and child characteristics were obtained from medical records and questionnaires at maternity and during follow-up. A job exposure matrix was used to assess cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during three periods: (1) until 15 weeks of gestation, (2) until 28 weeks of gestation and (3) until 32 weeks of gestation. Analyses were restricted to single live births in mainland France and to mothers with documented jobs (N=19 894). Adjusted logistic regression models were used.ResultsAccording to the period studied, 3.2%–4% of mothers were classified as highly exposed. Results were heterogeneous. Increased risks of prematurity were found among low exposed mothers for the three periods, and no association was observed among the most exposed (OR1=0.92 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.15); OR2=0.98 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.21); OR3=1.14 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.41)). For SGA, no association was observed with the exception of increased risk among the low exposed mothers in period 2 and the most exposed in period 3 (OR=1.25 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.53)).ConclusionSome heterogeneous associations between ELF-EMF exposure and prematurity and SGA were observed. However, due to heterogeneity (ie, their independence regarding the level of exposure), associations cannot be definitely explained by ELF-EMF exposure.
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Abdollahi, Fatemeh, Vahid Niknam, Faezeh Ghanati, Faribors Masroor, and Seyyed Nasr Noorbakhsh. "Biological Effects of Weak Electromagnetic Field on Healthy and Infected Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Trees with Phytoplasma." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/716929.
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Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has become an issue of concern for a great many people and is an active area of research. Phytoplasmas, also known as mycoplasma-like organisms, are wall-less prokaryotes that are pathogens of many plant species throughout the world. Effects of electromagnetic fields on the changes of lipid peroxidation, content of H2O2, proline, protein, and carbohydrates were investigated in leaves of two-year-old trees of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) infected by the CandidatusPhytoplasma aurantifoliae. The healthy and infected plants were discontinuously exposed to a 10 KHz quadratic EMF with maximum power of 9 W for 5 days, each 5 h, at 25°C. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, content of MDA, proline, and protein increased in both healthy and infected plants under electromagnetic fields, compared with those of the control plants. Electromagnetic fields decreased hydrogen peroxide and carbohydrates content in both healthy and infected plants compared to those of the controls.
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Kalyada, Taisiya V., and V. P. Plekhanov. "TOPICALITY OF MONITORING OF INDUSTRIAL FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS OF 50 HZ IN RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 6 (October 28, 2019): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-6-597-600.
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The problem of ensuring safety of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) of extremely low frequencies (ELF) is resulted from the development of the first low-frequency generators producing penetrating effect and causing negative biological outcomes. World power resources are doubling every 10 years, and ELF EMF are generated around by such sources. The number of sources on the scale of application, power and design diversity significantly exceeds those generating EMF in other frequency ranges. The population is exposed to 50 Hz ELF at work, in electric transport, in residential and public buildings, in residential areas. ELF EMF was found both to “pollute” the environment, be an environmental health risk factor, and affect negatively the health with potential long-term outcomes. Development of various methods and means of protection against the effect of ELF EMF remains relevant today. Limitation (regulation) of the effect of the factor both in terms of intensity and exposure is the most effective protection. Epidemiological studies to identify the relationship between exposure to ELF magnetic fields (MF) and carcinogenesis are on-going. A task panel group of research experts, established by WHO in 2005, conducted a routine procedure to assess health risks resulting from exposure to ELF MFs and, in particular, cancer and considered them to lack evidence. However, the significance of the data obtained was noted to be reduced due to procedural problems, potential systematic error of assessment. The problem remains unsolved. Research using various types of monitoring: social and hygienic, sanitary and epidemiological, is going on. Spatio-temporal monitoring of 50 Hz ELF MF in enclosed spaces of residential and public buildings, where a variety of equipment, devices, power supply systems, generating different MF levels, is an important area. The population is exposed to these conditions most of the day. Monitoring will allow assessing electromagnetic load at short-term and long-term exposures.
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Frank, John William. "Electromagnetic fields, 5G and health: what about the precautionary principle?" Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 6 (January 19, 2021): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213595.
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New fifth generation (5G) telecommunications systems, now being rolled out globally, have become the subject of a fierce controversy. Some health protection agencies and their scientific advisory committees have concluded that there is no conclusive scientific evidence of harm. Several recent reviews by independent scientists, however, suggest that there is significant uncertainty on this question, with rapidly emerging evidence of potentially harmful biological effects from radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposures, at the levels 5G roll-out will entail. This essay identifies four relevant sources of scientific uncertainty and concern: (1) lack of clarity about precisely what technology is included in 5G; (2) a rapidly accumulating body of laboratory studies documenting disruptive in vitro and in vivo effects of RF-EMFs—but one with many gaps in it; (3) an almost total lack (as yet) of high-quality epidemiological studies of adverse human health effects from 5G EMF exposure specifically, but rapidly emerging epidemiological evidence of such effects from past generations of RF-EMF exposure; (4) persistent allegations that some national telecommunications regulatory authorities do not base their RF-EMF safety policies on the latest science, related to unmanaged conflicts of interest. The author, an experienced epidemiologist, concludes that one cannot dismiss the growing health concerns about RF-EMFs, especially in an era when higher population levels of exposure are occurring widely, due to the spatially dense transmitters which 5G systems require. Based on the precautionary principle, the author echoes the calls of others for a moratorium on the further roll-out of 5G systems globally, pending more conclusive research on their safety.
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Ouadah, Nihal S., Kelly Blazy, and Anne-Sophie Villégier. "Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Thermal Sensitivity in the Rat." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 7563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207563.
Full textAbstract:
The World Health Organization and the French Health Safety Agency (ANSES) recognize that the expressed pain and suffering of electromagnetic field hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) people are a lived reality requiring daily life adaptations to cope. Mechanisms involving glutamatergic N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were not explored yet, despite their possible role in hypersensitivity to chemicals. Here, we hypothesized that radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposures may affect pain perception under a modulatory role played by the NMDA receptor. The rats were exposed to RF-EMF for four weeks (five times a week, at 0 (sham), 1.5 or 6 W/kg in restraint) or were cage controls (CC). Once a week, they received an NMDA or saline injection before being scored for their preference between two plates in the two-temperatures choice test: 50 °C (thermal nociception) versus 28 °C. Results in the CC and the sham rats indicated that latency to escape from heat was significantly reduced by −45% after NMDA, compared to saline treatment. Heat avoidance was significantly increased by +40% in the 6 W/kg, compared to the sham exposed groups. RF-EMF effect was abolished after NMDA treatment. In conclusion, heat avoidance was higher after high brain-averaged specific absorption rate, affording further support for possible effect of RF-EMF on pain perception. Further studies need to be performed to confirm these data.
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Mahmoudinasab, Hamideh, and Mostafa Saadat. "Short-term Exposure to 50-Hz Electromagnetic Field and Alterations in NQO1 and NQO2 Expression in MCF-7 Cells." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 4 (September 24, 2016): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.102.
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AIM: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have some genotoxic effects and it may alter the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes. The NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and NQO2 are ubiquitously expressed. Considering that there is no published data on the effect(s) of ELF-EMF (50-Hz) exposure and expression levels of NQO1 and NQO2 in the human MCF-7 cells, the present study was carried out.METHODS: The ELF-EMF (0.25 and 0.50 mT) exposure patterns were: 5 min field-on/5 min filed-off, 15 min field-on/15 min field-off, and 30 min field-on continuously. In all exposure conditions, total exposure time were 30 minutes. The RNA extraction was done at two times; immediately post exposure and two hours post exposure. The effect of ELF-EMF on gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR.RESULTS: The NQO1 mRNA level (at 0h) decreased in the cells exposed to 5 min field-on/5 min filed-off condition at 0.25 mT EMF when compared with the unexposed cells. The NQO2 mRNA level (at 0h and 2h) increased in the cells exposed to 5 min field-on/5 min filed-off condition at 0.50 mT EMF when compared with the unexposed cells.CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in the NQO1 and NQO2 mRNA levels seem at the "5 min field-on/5 min field-off" condition.
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Demsia, George, Dimitris Vlastos, and Demetrios P. Matthopoulos. "Effect of 910-MHz Electromagnetic Field on Rat Bone Marrow." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.178.
Full textAbstract:
Aiming to investigate the possibility of electromagnetic fields (EMF) developed by nonionizing radiation to be a noxious agent capable of inducing genotoxicity to humans, in the current study we have investigated the effect of 910-MHz EMF in rat bone marrow. Rats were exposed daily for 2 h over a period of 30 consecutive days. Studying bone marrow smears from EMF-exposed and sham-exposed animals, we observed an almost threefold increase of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) after EMF exposure. An induction of MN was also observed in polymorphonuclear cells. The induction of MN in female rats was less than that in male rats. The results indicate that 910-MHz EMF could be considered as a noxious agent capable of producing genotoxic effects.