Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electromagnetic fields (EMF)

Academic literature on the topic 'Electromagnetic fields (EMF)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electromagnetic fields (EMF)"

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Karasek, Michal, and Marta Woldanska-Okonska. "Electromagnetic Fields and Human Endocrine System." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.175.

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Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) are commonly present in daily life all over the world. Moreover, EMF are used in the physiotherapy of many diseases because of their beneficial effects. There is widespread public concern that EMF may have potential consequences for human health. Although experimental animal studies indicate that EMF may influence secretion of some hormones, the data on the effects of EMF on human endocrine system are scarce. Most of the results concentrate on influence of EMF on secretion of melatonin. In this review, the data on the influence of EMF on human endocrine system are briefly presented and discussed.
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Hernández-Pavón, Julio César, Modesto Sosa, Teodoro Córdova, Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero, Sergio Solorio-Meza, and Myrna Sabanero-López. "Study of Electromagnetic Fields on Cellular Systems." Acta Universitaria 19 (September 1, 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2009.103.

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In the last decades the interest to study the effect of non-ionizing radiation, such as the electromagnetic fields (EMF) on cellular systems has increased. In this article the interaction between EMF and biological systems is described. An analysis of the effect of the electromagnetic stimulation at different frequencies and intensities on cell cultures is performed. Preliminary results show that the stimulation with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF), EMF from 3 to 30 Hz, on the cellular line of neuroblastomaSK-NSH induces cellular stress. This is reflected by a variation in the proteins expression in comparison with the group of cells no stimulated. In particular, the proteins expression shows that the ELF-EMF produce changes in the current proteins in normal or basal conditionsin the cells, that is, new proteins appear or there is evidence of an increasing in theamount of them.
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Wiart, Joe, Soichi Watanabe, Tongning Wu, Wout Joseph, and Kyong A. Lee. "Electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure." Annals of Telecommunications 74, no. 1-2 (January 14, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-018-0698-4.

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Schuermann, David, and Meike Mevissen. "Manmade Electromagnetic Fields and Oxidative Stress—Biological Effects and Consequences for Health." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073772.

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Concomitant with the ever-expanding use of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems, public and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low-frequency and radiofrequency range has become a widely debated environmental risk factor for health. Radiofrequency (RF) EMF and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) MF have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially leading to cellular or systemic oxidative stress, was frequently found to be influenced by EMF exposure in animals and cells. In this review, we summarize key experimental findings on oxidative stress related to EMF exposure from animal and cell studies of the last decade. The observations are discussed in the context of molecular mechanisms and functionalities relevant to health such as neurological function, genome stability, immune response, and reproduction. Most animal and many cell studies showed increased oxidative stress caused by RF-EMF and ELF-MF. In order to estimate the risk for human health by manmade exposure, experimental studies in humans and epidemiological studies need to be considered as well.
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Novini, Amir. "FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (EMF)." Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/036012993816357575.

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Moon, Jin-Hwa. "Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01494.

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In today’s world, most children are exposed to various manmade electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz. A developing child’s brain is vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation; thus, their caregivers’ concerns about the health effects of EMFs are increasing. EMF exposure is divided into 2 categories: extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3–3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radiofrequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies. The biological effects of EMFs on humans include stimulation, thermal, and nonthermal, the latter of which is the least known. Among the various health issues related to EMFs, the most important issue is human carcinogenicity. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC’s) evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, ELFs and RFs were evaluated as possible human carcinogens (Group 2B). However, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) view of EMFs remains undetermined. This article reviews the current knowledge of EMF exposure on humans, specifically children. EMF exposure sources, biological effects, current WHO and IARC opinions on carcinogenicity, and effects of EMF exposures on children will be discussed. As well-controlled EMF experiments in children are nearly impossible, scientific knowledge should be interpreted objectively. Precautionary approaches are recommended for children until the potential health effects of EMF are confirmed.
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Vian, Alain, Eric Davies, Michel Gendraud, and Pierre Bonnet. "Plant Responses to High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1830262.

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High frequency nonionizing electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) that are increasingly present in the environment constitute a genuine environmental stimulus able to evoke specific responses in plants that share many similarities with those observed after a stressful treatment. Plants constitute an outstanding model to study such interactions since their architecture (high surface area to volume ratio) optimizes their interaction with the environment. In the present review, after identifying the main exposure devices (transverse and gigahertz electromagnetic cells, wave guide, and mode stirred reverberating chamber) and general physics laws that govern EMF interactions with plants, we illustrate some of the observed responses after exposure to HF-EMF at the cellular, molecular, and whole plant scale. Indeed, numerous metabolic activities (reactive oxygen species metabolism,α- andβ-amylase, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, chlorophyll content, terpene emission, etc.) are modified, gene expression altered (calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and proteinase inhibitor), and growth reduced (stem elongation and dry weight) after low power (i.e., nonthermal) HF-EMF exposure. These changes occur not only in the tissues directly exposed but also systemically in distant tissues. While the long-term impact of these metabolic changes remains largely unknown, we propose to consider nonionizing HF-EMF radiation as a noninjurious, genuine environmental factor that readily evokes changes in plant metabolism.
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Nikitina, Valentina N., Galina G. Lyashko, Nina I. Kalinina, Ekaterina N. Dubrovskaya, Alexander M. Vishnevskiy, Anna B. Razletova, and Roman Ya Nizkiy. "Normative and methodological support of control of electromagnetic fields at the ships." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 6 (August 7, 2021): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-6-402-407.

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The seafarers carried out the professional activity in a complex electromagnetic environment (EME), with technical means, structural materials, depending on the purpose of the watercraft, architectural features, and vessel classification. There are static electric fields, permanent magnetic and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields on ships. Marine radio-electronic means (REM) creates Electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the radio frequency range that provide communication, the safety of navigation and operation, and solving navigation problems. According to the documents of the sanitary legislation, specialists carry out control of the maximum permissible EMF levels for watercraft and marine structures at the design stage of the vessel by calculating the intensity of electromagnetic fields during commissioning, instrumental control of EMF levels. There are new technical means in modern automated vessels of various types and purposes that create electromagnetic fields in the crew's stay zones, which makes it urgent to improve regulatory and methodological documents in the area of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of the team and passengers. The study aims to develop proposals for regulatory, methodological, and hardware control over compliance with the maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields on ships to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the crew. Generalization of materials of own research of EME on ships, systematization of sources of electromagnetic fields. Analysis of regulations in occupational safety and health for the protection of the crew from the effects of EME, methodological documents on the calculation forecasting, and instrumental determination of the levels of electromagnetic fields. Experts have revealed that there are electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range in the premises of ships and on open decks. The study showed that electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range are created in the premises of ships and on open decks. Indoors, the most significant is the impact on the crew of electric and magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz created by the ship's electric power systems. In addition, on open decks (at workplaces and in crew recreation areas), the protection of the crew from EMF antennas of the radio frequency range is relevant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for calculating the prediction of EMF levels and improve the means of measuring electromagnetic fields on ships. The most common sources of EMF in the crew's stay areas are radio communication and radar facilities, ship's electric power systems. The task of developing a methodological document on the calculated prediction of EMF levels in rooms and on open decks at the design stage of ships is urgent. In addition, it is necessary to develop devices-meters of electromagnetic fields for instrumental monitoring of EMF levels in actual operating conditions of the vessel.
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Bryukhan, Fedor, and Mariya Amirkhanyan. "Technogenic electromagnetic impact zones of electric grid facilities." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302017.

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Introduction of technogenic physical fields including electromagnetic fields (EMF) to the environment can have an adverse impact on both humans and environment. Development of safety tools protecting against EMF impact involves studying their intensity and assessing EMF spatial extent. This paper proposes a definition of an EMF technogenic impact zone (TIZ) concept based on the instruments lower sensitivity threshold. The paper gives the results of EMF TIZ width assessment based on the measurements of EMF electric and magnetic components intensity generated by power line communication (PLC) along its 200-meter section. The EMF TIZ width was found to be homogeneous along the PLC section. It is noted that the proposed interpretation of EMF TIZ and method of its determination can be generalized for other EMF sources as well, for example, for SHF-radiation sources, tele-and radio-transmission facilities, mobile communication antennas, etc.
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Горохов, E. Gorokhov, Ляпкало, and A. Lyapkalo. "Electromagnetic fields at work places experts of the cellular companies." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5019.

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The paper presents the results of instrumental studies by means of hygienic assessment of levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the workplaces in cellular companies. Measurements of EFM were made on workplaces of 2 groups of employees during the studies: office administrative specialists and technical employees. Instrumental measurements of EMF levels were made by Personal Electronic Computers (PCs) and receivingtransmitting equipment of base cellular stations (BCS). Measurements of EMF from the PC´s screens based on electric and magnetic components were performed: a tension of electric fields with a frequency range of 5Hz-2 kHz and 2 kHz-4 kHz; a tension of magnetic fields in the frequency range of 5Hz-2 kHz and 2 kHz-4 kHz. Measurements of flux density of electromagnetic energy were performed at operating platforms of base stations and at control operating equipment rooms of cellular stations. There were about 150 workplaces of office administrative specialists with PCs surveyed and more 500 workplaces of technical specialists. The activities of administrations of cellular companies were estimated to ensure the safety of working conditions of employees under the influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Literature data on the impact of EMR on human health and health of employees were presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electromagnetic fields (EMF)"

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Lech, James Chrystopher. "Constructing an EMF radiation Hygeia framework and model to demonstrate a public interest override." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58695.

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Scientific views on EMF radiation dosimetry and models increasingly suggest that even a tiny increase in the incidence of diseases resulting from exposure to EMF radiation could have broad¹ implications for public health, social accounting and the economy. In South Africa (SA) there is no national EMF radiation exposure protection standard, statutory monitoring or regulations. Multinational High Court deliberations indicate the need for public interest EMF radiation exposure protection standards in South Africa. Domestic citizens, academics, as well as regulatory and legislative practitioners, are unable to effectively monitor and investigate EMF radiation exposure emissions from infrastructure sources, because industries refuse to provide the required data. Industries have, since 2003, continually obstructed access to the data and the establishment of a national EMF radiation standard, citing that it would be in conflict with their strategic economic interests. The demonstration of a public interest override (PIO) function is legislatively required to gain access to the required data. This study constructed (1) a framework and (2) a model to perform test simulations against the (3) PIO criteria to demonstrate a PIO function and tested one PIO simulation scenario. Testing the PIO scenario firstly required the construction of a public interest framework, drawing input from multiple disciplines. The framework literature review used systematic case law and scientific-technical analysis whilst the framework science sought to understand the connections, feedbacks, and trajectories that occur as a result of natural and human system processes and exchanges. The EMF radiation exposure system functions to support human wellbeing needs and to explore the benefits and losses associated with alternative futures with the goal to uncover the current and future limits thereof. In the second instance a HYGEIA² model was selected as a base investigation and forecast simulation tool. The study had to uncover the key attributes and parameters necessary to construct and to run successful EMF radiation exposure simulations. Thereafter the HYGEIA model was modified to specifically identify and evaluate EMF radiation exposure hazard conditions. Through subsequent simulation runs, the constructed framework was then tested. Requested anthroposphere information was synthesized within a systems model to forecast ecosystem services and human-use dynamics under alternative scenarios. The simulation used the model, the model references and the framework for guidelines, thus allowing multiple simulation / demonstration runs for different contexts or scenarios. The third step was the construction of a PIO checklist which guides criteria testing and provides a means of gaining pertinent information for further studies, based on this dissertation. Framework EMF radiation policy inputs into the model were intersected with identified vulnerable area facilities which were selected based on international criteria. The research output revealed potential EMF radiation violations which served as system feedback inputs in support of a demonstrated PIO function. The research recommends that the identified EMF radiation exposure violations of public health undergo a Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) judicial review process to confirm the research findings. The judicial qualification of a PAIA PIO function of ‘substances released into the environment’ and ‘public safety or environmental risk’ would enable access to EMF radiation emissions data essential to future studies.
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Loughran, Sarah Patricia, and n/a. "The efffects of eletromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on human sleep and melatonin production." Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070731.100218.

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The use of mobile phones is continually increasing throughout the world, with recent figures showing that there are currently more than 2 billion mobile phone users worldwide. However, despite the recognised benefits of the introduction and widespread use of mobile phone technologies, concerns regarding the potential health effects of exposure to the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone handsets have similarly increased, leading to an increase in demand for scientific research to investigate the possibility of health effects related to the use of mobile phones. An increasing amount of radiofrequency bioeffects research related to mobile phone use has focussed on the possible effects of mobile phone exposure on human brain activity and function, particularly as the absorption of energy in the head and brain region is much higher than in other body regions, which is a direct result from the close proximity of the mobile phone to the head when in normal use. In particular, the use of sleep research has become a more widely used technique for assessing the possible effects of mobile phones on human health and wellbeing, and is particularly useful for providing important information in the establishment of possible radiofrequency bioeffects, especially in the investigation of potential changes in sleep architecture resulting from mobile phone use. A review of the previous literature showed that a number of studies have reported an increase in the electroencephalogram spectral power within the 8 � 14 Hz frequency range in both awake and sleep states following radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. In regards to sleep, the enhancements reported have not been entirely consistent, with some early studies failing to find an effect, while more recent studies have reported that the effect differs in terms of particular frequency range. However, in general the previous literature suggests that there is an effect of mobile phone emissions on the sleep electroencephalogram, particularly in the frequency range of sleep spindle activity. In addition to changes in spectral power, changes in other conventional sleep parameters and the production and secretion of melatonin have also been investigated, however, there has been little or no consistency in the findings of previous studies, with the majority of recent studies concluding that there is no influence of mobile phone radiofrequency fields on these parameters of sleep or melatonin. Following a detailed review of the previous research, the current study was developed with the aim to improve on previous methodological and statistical limitations, whilst also being the largest study to investigate mobile phone radiofrequency bioeffects on human sleep. The principle aims were thus to test for the immediate effects of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on human sleep architecture and the secretion of the pineal hormone, melatonin. The experiment included 50 participants who were randomly exposed to active and sham mobile phone exposure conditions (one week apart) for 30 minutes prior to a full night-time sleep episode. The experimental nights employed a randomised exposure schedule using a double-blind crossover design. Standard polysomnography was used to measure subsequent sleep, and in addition, participants were required to provide urine samples immediately following exposure and upon waking in the morning. A full dosimetric assessment of the exposure system was also performed in order to provide sufficient details of the exposure set-up used in the current thesis and to account for the lack of detailed dosimetric data provided in the majority of previous studies. The results of the current study suggest that acute exposure to a mobile phone prior to sleep significantly enhances electroencephalogram spectral power in the sleep spindle frequency range compared to the sham exposure condition. The current results also suggest that this mobile phone-induced enhancement in spectral power is largely transitory and does not linger throughout the night. Furthermore, a reduction in rapid eye movement sleep latency following mobile phone exposure was also found compared to the sham exposure, although interestingly, neither this change in rapid eye movement sleep latency or the enhancement in spectral power following mobile phone exposure, led to changes in the overall quality of sleep. Finally, the results regarding melatonin suggested that, overall, overnight melatonin secretion is unaffected by acute exposure to a mobile phone prior to sleep. In conclusion, the current study has confirmed that a short exposure to the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone handset immediately prior to sleep is sufficient to induce changes in brain activity in the initial part of sleep. The consequences or functional significance of this effect are currently unknown and it would be premature to draw conclusions about possible health consequences based on the findings of the current study.
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Funk, Richard H. W., and Thomas K. Monsees. "Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Cells: Physiological and Therapeutical Approaches and Molecular Mechanisms of Interaction." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-136228.

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This review concentrates on findings described in the recent literature on the response of cells and tissues to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Models of the causal interaction between different forms of EMF and ions or biomolecules of the cell will be presented together with our own results in cell surface recognition. Naturally occurring electric fields are not only important for cell-surface interactions but are also pivotal for the normal development of the organism and its physiological functions. A further goal of this review is to bridge the gap between recent cell biological studies (which, indeed, show new data of EMF actions) and aspects of EMF-based therapy, e.g., in wounds and bone fractures
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Funk, Richard H. W., and Thomas K. Monsees. "Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Cells: Physiological and Therapeutical Approaches and Molecular Mechanisms of Interaction." Karger, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27702.

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This review concentrates on findings described in the recent literature on the response of cells and tissues to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Models of the causal interaction between different forms of EMF and ions or biomolecules of the cell will be presented together with our own results in cell surface recognition. Naturally occurring electric fields are not only important for cell-surface interactions but are also pivotal for the normal development of the organism and its physiological functions. A further goal of this review is to bridge the gap between recent cell biological studies (which, indeed, show new data of EMF actions) and aspects of EMF-based therapy, e.g., in wounds and bone fractures.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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McIntyre, Andrew III. "Behavioral responses of sub-adult Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) to electromagnetic and magnetic fields under laboratory conditions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4866.

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Electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by high voltage (HV), submarine transmission cables leading from offshore wind energy generation facilities could affect foraging or migratory behaviors of electro-receptive fishes, including endangered Atlantic Sturgeon. However, no published studies have quantitatively evaluated the possible behavioral effects of EMF exposure on sturgeon during residence in coastal waters. This study evaluated behavioral responses by sub-adult Atlantic Sturgeon to electromagnetic and magnetic fields under controlled laboratory conditions. Fabricated EMF generators were used to emulate a range of field EMF conditions that migratory fishes could encounter in proximity to submarine HV sources. Sensor arrays and digital video recorders synoptically quantified EMF conditions and fish behaviors during experimental trials. This thesis will describe the unique, experimental EMF generator/sensor array, present results of the behavior study, and suggest implications of the findings for Atlantic Sturgeon management and conservation. 45 trials were conducted over the course of the study. Study fish were subjected to 3 different field strengths (5µT, 100 µT, 1000 µT), generated using both AC and DC current. Time spent in generated field area, number of passes through the field area, and swimming speed were used to quantify behavioral changes in test subjects. From the data collected and analyzed there was no evidence indicating a change in fish behavior due to the influence of field strengths, field orientations, or field types used during the study.
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Vila, Rodríguez Javier 1974. "INTEROCC : Occupational exposure assessment for electromagnetic fields and risk of brain tumours. Development of a new source-based approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/543850.

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Introducción: Con el fin de mejorar los métodos de evaluación de la exposición a campos electromagnéticos, desarrollamos un nuevo método basado en fuentes de exposición en lugar de códigos de ocupación. Mediciones obtenidas de la bibliografía fueron recopiladas, evaluadas y compiladas en una base de datos para ser posteriormente combinadas en forma de una matriz fuente-exposición. Esta matriz, junto a otros determinantes de la exposición, fue usada para calcular índices de exposición acumulada. El riesgo de mayor incidencia de tumores cerebrales, glioma y meningioma, se analizó usando estas estimaciones acumuladas. Los resultados del análisis mostraron un ligero incremento del riesgo de glioma en los grupos de trabajadores más expuestos a campos electromagnéticos de alta frecuencia en las ventanas de exposición más cercanas a la fecha de diagnóstico/referencia y en todas las ventanas para meningioma. En campos de frecuencia intermedia, se encontraron ligeros aumentos de riesgo solo en glioma en las ventanas de exposición más recientes. Estos resultados pueden reflejar que los campos electromagnéticos de alta frecuencia pueden tener un papel en las etapas más tardías de la carcinogénesis (promoción y progresión)
Introduction: To improve exposure assessment methods for electromagnetic fields, we developed a methodology based on sources of exposure rather than job titles. Methods: Measurements collected from the literature were assessed and summarized into a source-exposure matrix (SEM). The SEM and personal determinants of exposure were combined to obtain individual indices cumulative exposure, which were used to assess risk of brain tumours, glioma an meningioma Results: Over 3,000 records were obtained and judged useful, creating a SEM with exposure estimates for 312 EMF sources. Overall the analysis yielded no association between glioma or meningioma risk and cumulative exposure to RF or IF EMF. However, some positive associations were identified for RF and IF EMF in the highest exposed groups in the 1- to 4-year exposure window for glioma, and in all windows for meningioma and RF only. These results might reflect a possible role of high frequency EMF in the later stages of carcinogenesis (promotion and progression).
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Blood, Alan Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Biological effects of GSM mobile phone microwave radiation: an investigation of gene expression." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Physics, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22071.

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There is evidence that athermal radiofrequency radiation can alter Heat Shock Protein (HSP) expression or protein phosphorylation, or alter MAP kinase signalling. Effects of long-term exposure in brain tissue due to repeated HSP perturbation (eg an inhibition of apoptosis) have been hypothesised (French et al, 2001). This study aimed to investigate the RNA expression profile (12,000 genes) and HSP family protein expression levels after either acute 1-hour or chronic 4-day intermittent exposures to simulated GSM radiation in a human primary fibroblast model. The results found minimal or no effects of GSM. Flasks were exposed to 900 MHz (217 Hz modulation) at 0.18 W/kg SAR within a Transverse Electromagnetic Mode chamber (TEM cell). Cultures rested for 2 hours before exposures. Affymetrix U95A microarray analysis of a single pilot set of experiments showed that about 40 genes were reported as upregulated >=2.5 fold in each condition. There was no evidence of altered expression of any MAPK-associated genes. Target genes reported in both conditions (CBFA2T1, ZNF148, ITGA1), and genes altered in one condition (CCS, PLEC1, BIRC5), and marginally altered HSP72 were selected for PCR analysis. No other members of the HSP family were altered. In three replicate experiments assayed by real-time PCR, six genes were either unchanged or showed randomly variable expression. However HSP72 RNA showed possible consistent slight upregulation of 1.37 +/- 0.21 in the chronic condition. Western immunoblots of HSP-60, -70, -72 and -V90 proteins showed no significant changes 5 hours after exposure. In preliminary studies using a serum starvation protocol, ERK-1 phosphorylation was unaltered after 5 or 30 minutes GSM (single experiments). When flasks were transiently cooled, ERK-1 phosphorylation was increased 20 minutes later, indicating a source of artefact in some protocols. An inflammatory challenge experiment with a low-dose of the cytokine IL-1???? found that acute GSM exposure post-challenge inhibited NF????B-mediated GRO???? induction by 1.5 fold (2 experiments). Preconditioning with mild heat induces transient inhibition of both NF????B signalling and apoptosis. Other studies indicate that EMF exposures similarly evoke cytoprotection. It is suggested that GSM evoked cytoprotective signalling in this inflammatory model.
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Lacy-Hulbert, Adam. "EMFs and gene activation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364278.

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Kimn, Edward Sun. "A parametric finite element analysis study of a lab-scale electromagnetic launcher." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39498.

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The purpose of the study is to better understand the factors that affect melt-wear in the armature-to-rail contact interface of an electromagnetic launcher (EML). In order to investigate the factors, the study uses finite element analysis (FEA) to vary parameters of a lab-scale EML at the Georgia Institute of Technology. FEA is used due to the complex nature of the system, which includes the geometry and various engineering aspects that the EML incorporates. The study focuses on an uncoupled analysis of the structural, electromagnetic (EMAG), thermal, and modal aspects. The reason for the uncoupled analysis was because the system was complex and there were computational limits. Also, by uncoupling the analysis fields, the way the parameters affected melt-wear could be viewed separately. The study varied the geometry of the armature, the stiffness of the rail system (compliance layer), and the material of the armature. The structural analysis was for the initial contact of the rail to the armature and found the von Mises stresses, contact area, and contact pressure. The EMAG analysis found the Lorentz forces in the system based on a current curve used in the lab-scale EML. The thermal analysis consisted of friction heating and Joule heating. The modal analysis was for the unstressed and pre-stressed armature. Based on the study conducted, it was found that aluminum would provide the best speeds due to its lighter mass, but lacked in the thermal resistance area. Tungsten provided the better thermal resistance, but lacked in the potential speed due to its heavier mass.
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Culligan, Allan James. "The electromagnetic fields from a two-wire transmission line." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267710.

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Books on the topic "Electromagnetic fields (EMF)"

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Controlling software for EMF laboratory studies. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 2006.

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EMF risk assessment: "in vitro" research and sleep studies. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 2005.

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Prata, Stephen. EMF handbook: Understanding and controlling electromagnetic fields in your life. Corte Madera, CA: Waite Group Press, 1993.

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Küln, Sven. EMF risk sssessment: Exposure assessment and compliance testing in complex environments. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 2010.

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The EMF book: What you should know about electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation, and your health. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1995.

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EMF risk assessment: Exposure systems for large-scale laboratory and experimental provocation studies. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 2010.

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Ebert, Sven. EMF risk assessment: Exposure systems for large-scale laboratory and experimental provocation studies. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 2010.

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EMF and high-voltage power lines: A case study in Michigan : hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, August 6, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Goldberg, Robert B. Safety of high speed guided ground transportation systems: An overview of biological effects and mechanisms relevant to EMF exposures from mass transit and electric rail systems. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 1993.

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Fields, ORAU Panel on Health Effects of Low-Frequency Electric and Magnetic. Health effects of low-frequency electric and magnetic fields. [Oak Ridge, Tenn.]: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electromagnetic fields (EMF)"

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Dertinger, H., and W. Sontag. "Electromagnetic Fields (EMF):Mode of Action." In Biologic Effects of Light 1998, 281–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5051-8_47.

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Trzaska, Hubert. "Dipole Antenna for ELF EMF Measurements." In Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields, 211–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2099-9_13.

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Gajšek, P., J. A. D’Andrea, P. A. Mason, J. M. Ziriax, T. J. Walters, W. D. Hurt, F. J. C. Meyer, et al. "Mathematical Modeling of EMF Energy Absorption in Biological Systems." In Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 114–341. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06079-7_3.

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Kheifets, Leeka I., Stanley S. Sussman, and Susan Preston-Martin. "Childhood Brain Tumors and Residential Electromagnetic Fields (EMF)." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 111–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1496-0_5.

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Repacholi, M. H. "International EMF Project." In Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and Its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 21–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4191-8_3.

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Klauenberg, B. Jon. "Communicating Risk of Electromagnetic Fields/Radiofrequency Radiation (EMF/RFR)." In Radiofrequency Radiation Standards, 427–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0945-9_37.

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Hinsenkamp, M., J. P. Hauzeur, and S. Sintzoff. "Long Term Results in Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Treatment of Osteonecrosis." In Bone Circulation and Vascularization in Normal and Pathological Conditions, 331–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2838-8_36.

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Osepchuk, John M. "Impact of Public Concerns about Low-Level Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Interpretation of EMF/Radiofrequency (RFR) Database." In Radiofrequency Radiation Standards, 415–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0945-9_36.

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Nie, Kui, Ana Micic-Vasovic, Ann S. Henderson, Martin Blank, Reba Goodman, Handan Tuncel, Dimitris J. Panagopoulos, et al. "Biological Effects of EMFs." In Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 475–623. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06079-7_5.

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Panagopoulos, Dimitris J., Lukas H. Margaritis, Arthur A. Pilla, and A. R. Liboff. "Mechanisms of Action of EMFs on Biological Systems." In Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 4–113. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06079-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electromagnetic fields (EMF)"

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Garzón, Jorge, José Carlos Hidalgo, Federico Jorreto, Patricia Cara, and Joaquín Ramos. "EMFRail: A Tool to Calculate Rail Traction Electromagnetic Fields." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2201.

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EMC/EMI is a source of concern from the beginning of planning a new railway line. High powered electrified railways such as HSR are usually AC electrified. This poses a hazard for nearby systems and users. Induced voltages can create electric shock risks or malfunction in signalling or other nearby systems. LRTs, metro lines or commuter systems are usually DC fed and can be located near electromagnetic sensitive equipment such as MRI equipment in hospitals or research equipment — such as electron microscopes — in campuses or laboratories. EMF calculation and impact assessment in early phases of the project rely on simulation and expertise in these complex multi system interrelations. Rail traction creates EM fields which tend to decrease rapidly as the distance from the track axis increases. However, considerations about passengers, workforce and public safety and system compatibility are always needed. As an example, transient currents in DC rail, especially due to short circuits or arcs can interfere with nearby equipment. Even semi steady state DC currents associated with normal operation of the line (traction and breaking currents) present EMC related hazards that need to be assessed in order to evaluate if mitigation measures for associated risks are needed. AECOM’s Madrid Transportation Design Center has developed a tool that provides 3D EMF calculations for railway lines, either AC or DC. This tool, called EMFRail, can deliver EMF estimations based on power load supply simulations considering alignment, separation between tracks, geometry of the electrification system (OCS, third rail), rolling stock mechanical and electric features as well as regenerative braking in order to provide decision support information to make educated project decisions from the beginning of the design. Regenerative braking is a common energy saving tool for railways these days, but has posed new EMF hazards since currents sent back to the OCS can be bigger than those related to traction and this process can occur in different locations of the line (usually when the train is decelerating from maximum speed). This tool can calculate both magnetic and electrical fields for traction frequencies. This tool has been used in several LRT and rail projects providing insightful information to adopt mitigation measures such as underground feeders or operational limitations. EMFRail can simulate mitigation measures for challenging situations such as EMF caused by semi steady state maximum currents (prior to the trip of protection systems). EMFRail can also provide EMF calculations for transmission or distribution power lines once the required current or voltage values (module and phase) are known as well as the position of the different conductors (OCS wires, feeders, rails) of the line under study. EMFRail is developed using MatLab programming suite taking advantage of matrix operation capabilities. Output results are isocurves that can be superimposed to a raised view drawing, 3D contours for specific magnetic field values or even time animated frames to understand worst case scenarios that sometimes are not easy to foresee based on common assumptions.
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"EMF-Med 2018 Ad Page." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8525999.

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"EMF-Med 2018 Organizing Committee." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8526000.

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"EMF-Med 2018 Copyright Page." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8526047.

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Teplan, Michal, Martin Bereta, Ivan Bajla, Katarina Bartosova, Tomas Dermek, Yvonne Haba, and Michal Cifra. "Measurement of Weak Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on Cells." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8526049.

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Pencheva, Daniela, Petia Genova-Kalou, Rayna Bryaskova, Lyubina Vesselinova, Todor Kantardjiev, and Julian Raynov. "Novel aspects of silver nanoparticles application in low intensity electromagnetic field." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8526070.

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Durrenberger, Gregor, Krisztina Meya, Martin Schmid, and Jurg Frohlich. "EMF Applications in Cosmetics and Wellness." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8526012.

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"EMF-Med 2018 Technical Program Committee." In 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emf-med.2018.8526064.

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Sheikh, Abdul Q., Andrei Kogan, and Daria A. Narmoneva. "Electromagnetic Field Mediates Capillary-Like Network Formation via MAPK/ERK Signaling Cascade." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206710.

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Abnormal angiogenesis (formation of capillaries) plays an important role in the impaired diabetic wound healing and has emerged as a new target area for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed magnetic field therapy, which was initially used for healing of bone fractures, has been recently introduced as a potential therapy to treat diabetic and chronic wounds [1], although the mechanisms responsible for improved healing are still unclear. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been shown to act as a directional cues in cellular responses such as migration and activations of several signal transduction cascades [2]. Recent literature delineates an important role of GHz EMF (i.e., with an oscillation period of a fraction of a nanosecond) in inducing rapid and sustained phosphorylation of mitrogen-activated kinase and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) [3]. Recent studies have also implicated MAP kinase in mediating the phosphorylation of Connexin-43 (Cx43) that accompanies regulation of cell-cell communication via connexin gap junctions [4]. Importantly, both MAPK/ERK pathway and Cx43 signaling are involved in the process of angiogenesis [5,6]. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that high-frequency (7.5GHz) EMFs promote angiogenesis in vitro via MAPK/ERK and/or Cx43 signaling. We used a custom-built EMF exposure setup and a self-assembling peptide nanoscaffold as a controlled angiogenic microenvironment [7] to quantify the effect of EMF on capillary formation and underlying cellular responses.
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VanBenthysen, Reid, Jonathan Michaud, Peter DiSalvo, Brad L. Kinsey, Michael Blakely, and Jianhui Shang. "Microscale Flanging Using Quasi-Static and Electromagnetic Forming Processes." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72135.

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Past research has shown that scatter in material properties and springback (i.e., the elastic recovery of material after the tooling is extracted) increase as components are miniaturized to the microscale. At the macroscale, electromagnetic forming (EMF) has been shown to completely eliminate or at least decrease springback by varying the deformation mechanism. In EMF, a capacitor bank is charged and then quickly dissipated into a specially designed magnetic coil. A transient magnetic field is produced which induces eddy currents in the workpiece, and any other conductive material nearby. The magnetic fields in the coil and the workpiece are repulsive; thus, the workpiece is launched at a high velocity away from the coil. EMF at the macroscale requires a significant amount of stored energy. However at the microscale, EMF may be a viable process due to the reduced energy and force requirements and thus is being investigated in this work.
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