Journal articles: 'Electromagnetic analysi'

1

Yatsyshen, V. V., and A. Yu Gordeev. "Electrodynamic target selection techniques – gradient analysi." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2016-3-3-10.

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We offer a new method for analyzing the electromagnetic field scattered from the objects. The method is based on calculating the field gradients in the incidence and scattering space in a bistatic radar scheme. The analysis of the differences between the real target and artificial jam-producing object showed the high sensitivity and efficiency of the method used, because the topology of the two-dimensional field scattering gradients pattern varies significantly for these two objects. We detected substantial polarization dependence of the scattered field gradients, which together with the topological portraits of the scattered field itself make it possible to find a new approach to the target discrimination. The analysis we did allows us to develop a target detection strategy for an artificial object by the controlled change of the incident and scattered angles (viewing angles) in accordance with the laws obtained in topological portraits of the gradients of electromagnetic fields scattered over a wide angular range from the objects. Findings of the research could be helpful in developing specific strategies of polarization bistatic radiolocation based on the gradient analysis method.

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Fiapshev, A. G., M. M. Khamokov, O. Kh Kilchukova, and K. S. Rozumatova. "SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL REACTIVE FORCE TO ACHIEVE THE MAXIMUM SPEED OF THE ELECTROMAGNET." Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, no. 1(35) (2022): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-1-35-128-136.

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Based on the analysis of switching devices and various electrical installations, the article shows that their main element is a high-speed electromagnetic device that performs the functions of a reacting organ and a drive. Both a polarized and a neutral electromagnet can be used as such a device. So far, polarized electromagnets have been most widely used as the fastest ones. However, there are a number of designs of neutral type electromagnets that can replace polarized electromagnets, in particular in electric locomotive circuit breakers. An analysis of the state of the problem showed that the methods for calculating and studying high-speed electromagnetic devices require more rigorous and accurate mathematical calculations that allow replacing experimental studies in real emergency conditions and at the same time automating the work of researchers through the widespread use of more accurate calculations. The results of theoretical studies of processes occurring in high-speed electromagnets, mathematical dependencies for calculating parameters and characteristics, both in static and dynamic modes of operation, are presented. An equation was obtained to determine the optimal counteracting force, at which the cycle time is minimal. Mathematical algorithms have been developed for calculating the static and dynamic characteristics of high-speed electromagnets, taking into account steel saturation, leakage fluxes, eddy currents in massive elements of magnetic circuits and current conductors.

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Leliuk, Mykola, and Victoriia Lytvynenko. "Medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker with per phase electromagnetic actuator." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 1 (5) (May 28, 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.1.04.

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In medium voltage vacuum circuit breakers, in order to achieve an even distribution of force along the entire length of the drive shaft, the drive mechanism is made per phase, that is, a separate electromagnet is installed under each pole. The analysis of designs and features of operation of vacuum circuit breakers with a per phase electromagnetic drive is carried out. Deficiencies in the designs of these drives have been identified. The design of a vacuum circuit breaker with a per phase electromagnetic drive and a kinematic diagram of the operation of a vacuum circuit breaker with a monostable polarized electromagnet and a return spring during the closing operation are considered. As a per phase drive, it is proposed to use three monostable polarized electromagnets with return springs, which makes it possible to reduce the overall dimensions of not only the drive electromagnet, but also the vacuum circuit breaker. Moreover, the return spring is not included in the design of the proposed electromagnet, but is part of the circuit breaker drive mechanism. The design of the housing of the vacuum circuit breaker with a per phase drive and a synchronizing shaft has been developed, which makes it impossible for the non-simultaneous closing and opening of the main contacts when performing switching operations. The calculation of a monostable polarized electromagnet is carried out and the possibility of its use as a per-phase drive in a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker is confirmed.

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Yao, Kexin. "Defects and Correction Theories of Electromagnetics." Applied Physics Research 8, no. 4 (July 29, 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n4p154.

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Experiments show that, there is the electrostatic field around the permanent magnet; since the electromagnetics can not explain this phenomenon, it can be concluded that there are some defects in electromagnetics. This paper makes an analysis of the defects of electromagnetics from fourteen aspects. It is noted that, the basic defect of electromagnetics is that there is no explanation of any inherent causes and physical processes of electromagnetic induction, displacement current, Lorentz force and other surface phenomena. Moreover, it may also lead us to make incorrect inferences in the theoretical analysis of electromagnetics, e.g. the same direction of action and reaction, infinitely high kinematic velocity of magnetic field, etc. It can be seen from analysis of all electromagnetic phenomena that, all the electromagnetic phenomena will be inevitably accompanied by an electron motion; and the electron motion is bound to take effect through an electric field; therefore, the analysis of motion in an electric field is the basis for analysis of all electromagnetic phenomena. This paper proposes seven rules for analysis of motion in an electric field, analyzes the uniform motion and variable motion in an electric field on the basis of such rules, clarifies the inherent causes of Lorentz force, theoretically qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrates why there exists the electrostatic field at some locations around the permanent magnet, and considers that all the magnetic phenomena are resulted from the contraction of electric field in the direction of motion, which is derived from the natural law of constant velocity of light, and therefore all the electromagnetic phenomena is rooted in the constant velocity of light. Through the analysis of variable motion in an electric field, this paper proves the law of displacement current and electromagnetic induction, clarifies the physical processes of such phenomena, deduces the law of total current, explains why electric field strength and magnetic field strength of electromagnetic wave must be in same phase and why a plane wave has the electric and magnetic fields only with a certain length but no source, and considers that neither fast nor slow propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave is good and that the actual velocity of light is the ideal velocity of light.

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Liu, Yaozong, Wenxi Deng, and Pu Gong. "Dynamics of the Bogie of Maglev Train with Distributed Magnetic Forces." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/896410.

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A dynamic model of the bogie of maglev train with distributed magnetic forces and four identical levitating controllers is formulated. The vertical, pitching, and rolling degree of freedom of the electromagnet modules and their coupling are considered. The frequency responses of the bogie to track irregularity are investigated with numerical simulation. The results tell us that there are resonances related to the first electromagnetic suspension whose frequencies are determined by the control parameters. A comparative analysis has been carried out between the models with distributed or concentrated magnetic forces. The comparison indicates that simplifying the distributed magnetic force to concentrated one degenerates the dynamic behavior of the maglev bogie, especially resulting in overestimated resonances of the first electromagnetic suspension of maglev trains. The results also indicate that those resonances only occur on specific wavelengths of irregularity that relate to the length of the electromagnets.

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Guo, Qinmeng, Shanshan Yong, and Xin’an Wang. "Statistical Analysis of the Relationship between AETA Electromagnetic Anomalies and Local Earthquakes." Entropy 23, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23040411.

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To verify the relationship between AETA (Acoustic and Electromagnetics to Artificial Intelligence (AI)) electromagnetic anomalies and local earthquakes, we have performed statistical studies on the electromagnetic data observed at AETA station. To ensure the accuracy of statistical results, 20 AETA stations with few data missing and abundant local earthquake events were selected as research objects. A modified PCA method was used to obtain the sequence representing the signal anomaly. Statistical results of superposed epoch analysis have indicated that 80% of AETA stations have significant relationship between electromagnetic anomalies and local earthquakes. These anomalies are more likely to appear before the earthquakes rather than after them. Further, we used Molchan’s error diagram to evaluate the electromagnetic signal anomalies at stations with significant relationships. All area skill scores are greater than 0. The above results have indicated that AETA electromagnetic anomalies contain precursory information and have the potential to improve local earthquake forecasting.

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Gao, Sumei, Longxiang Xu, and Chaowu Jin. "Performance Analysis of Acceleration and Inertial Force of Electromagnetic Suspension Inertial Stabilizer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 5304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115304.

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In this paper, the structural characteristics of electromagnetic suspension (EMS) inertial stabilizers are analyzed firstly, and then a mechanical analysis of a single mass block and double mass block is carried out. The relationship model between the inertial anti-rolling mass block and inertial force transmitted to the ship is established. The inertial force is determined by the number of coil turns, coil current, mass block, mass of the ship, electromagnet current, rate of change of the electromagnet current, air gap between the electromagnet and inertial mass block, and rotational angular speed. Through theoretical analysis, it is found that the response speed of inertia force is directly related to the electromagnetic coil current, the voltage at both ends of the electromagnetic coil, the coil resistance and the air gap. It is concluded that the response speed of the inertia force can be controlled by controlling the coil current, adjusting the voltage at both ends of the coil and adjusting the air gap. The inductance of the electromagnetic coil will also increase the nonlinearity of the inertial anti-roll system. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a digital simulation of EMS inertial stabilizer is carried out by MATLAB and ANSYS MAXWELL2D. Finally, a single mass block system of EMS inertial stabilizer is designed and tested. During the test, a 1.5 V sinusoidal excitation voltage is added to the electromagnetic coil after the mass block is suspended stably, and the maximum acceleration values of the inertial anti-rolling mass block and hull are 10.29 m/s2 and 1.27 m/s2. Finally, the theoretical analysis results, digital simulation results and experimental results are analyzed, which verifies the correctness of the acceleration and inertia force performance analysis of the EMS inertial stabilizer.

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Bao, Zhenyu, Shanshan Yong, Xin’an Wang, Chao Yang, Jinhan Xie, and Chunjiu He. "Seismic Reflection Analysis of AETA Electromagnetic Signals." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 5869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135869.

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Acoustic and electromagnetics to artificial intelligence (AETA) is a system used to predict seismic events through monitoring of electromagnetic and geoacoustic signals. It is widely deployed in the Sichuan–Yunnan region (22° N–34° N, 98° E–107° E) of China. Generally, the electromagnetic signals of AETA stations near the epicenter have abnormal disturbances before an earthquake. When a significant decrease or increase in the signal is observed, it is difficult to quantify this change using only visual observation and confirm that it is related to an upcoming large earthquake. Considering that the AETA data comprise a typical time series, current work has analyzed the anomalism of AETA electromagnetic signals using the long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder method to prove that the electromagnetic anomaly of the AETA station can be regarded as an earthquake precursor. The results show that there are 2–4% anomalous points and some outliers exceeding 0.7 (after normalization) in the AETA stations within 200 km of the epicenter of the Jiuzaigou earthquake (M. 7.0) and the Yibin earthquake (M. 6.0) half a month before the earthquakes. Therefore, the AETA electromagnetic disturbance signal can be used as an earthquake precursor and for further earthquake prediction.

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9

Xiong, Guang Jie, and Ling Li. "Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Device in Magnetorheological Fluid Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1448.

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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) Brake is a newly-developed intelligent brake in which traditional mechanical brake friction pairs are replaced by MRF materials and the electromagnetism devices are very important components. The controllable magnetic fields are generated by electromagnetism devices which can make MRF materials create related braking torque to control the braking performance of the MRF Brake. In this paper, the electromagnetism device consists of several coil sets which can generate electromagnetic fields for MRF Brake. By using finite element analysis, the magnetic fields generated by electromagnetism devices are compared analytically under the different conditions, and then the optimum parameters are obtained such as coil arrangements, excitation currents and air gap distances and etc. All these evidences are helpful to design the structure of electromagnetism devices in MRF Brake.

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10

Chi, Yao Dan, Hai Long Gu, Yin Han Gao, Xiao Tian Yang, and Sheng Qian Zhang. "Survey to Automobile Electromagnetic Compatibility Simulation Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2968.

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With the rapid developments of computer technology and computing electromagnetism, it is possible to simulate the electromagnetic compatibility of automobiles. At the beginning of the design, electromagnetic compatibility simulation analysis of automobiles can not only shorten the research cycle, but also reduce the cost. In this paper, we summarized the current commercial electromagnetic compatibility simulation analysis software, analyzed the features and applied algorithms of each software, and gave the simulation examples of Ansoft HFSS and FEKO.

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11

Ohji, Takahisa, Satoshi Kusano, Tatsuhiro Inoue, Kenji Amei, and Kyohei Kiyota. "Verification of pull-up force and electromagnetic spring to an aluminum ring using ac electromagnets." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209320.

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Magnetic levitation (maglev) systems for nonmagnetic conductive metals generally generate only repulsive force between the stator and the levitated body. To overturn the conventional common sense, we have fabricated a new maglev device that can generate “attractive force” between the stator consisting of plural ac electromagnets and a nonmagnetic conductive metal ring. In this paper, we elucidate the electromagnetic phenomenon that appropriately arranged seven ac electromagnets continuously pulls up an aluminum (Al) ring, which has 120 mm outer diameter and 5 mm square cross-section, by using finite element analysis. The analysis results reveal the existence of an equilibrium gap where the electromagnetic pulling force balances with the weight of the Al ring without active control. Besides, the equilibrium gap was measured when different weights were added to Al ring to verify the validity of analysis results. The measured results show that the maglev device has a positive stiffness (i.e., electromagnetic spring) of 50 N/m.

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Yuan, Duan Lei, Hai Yan Wang, Zhi Hao Zhu, and Hua Jun Dong. "Design of Electromagnetic Mechanism with Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3226.

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A closing electromagnetic mechanism for rail transit direct-current circuit breaker is designed. But it is found that the temperature is too high when the mechanism kept closing for a long time because of the coils high power. Based on the theory of electromagnetic field and electromagnet design, the distribution of magnetic field and the electromagnetic force of electromagnetic mechanism are simulated by finite element analysis software ANSYS. An improved mechanism is manufactured according to the simulation results. The experiments show that the improved scheme can effectively reduce the electromagnetic mechanisms closing maintenance power, and the accuracy of simulation results is validated.

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Suzumori, Koichi, Takashi Nagata, Takefumi Kanda, Kazuo Uzuka, and Isao Enomoto. "Development of Electromagnetic Nutation Motor (Electromagnetic Investigation)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 3 (June 20, 2004): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0327.

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The nutation motor, a new type of stepping motor we developed, features a simple structure, high resolution, and speed reduction, and operates on electromagnetic power. Our previously developed nutation motor operated on air pressure. We designed an electromagnetic coil based on magnetic field analysis using the finite element method (FEM) and optimized dimensions. The result was an electromagnet having an maximum force of 60N and an electric current of 0.3A. Using this electromagnet, we developed a motor having a maximum torque of 0.67N × m, a maximum rotation of 4.3rpm, and a minimum resolution of 1248step/rev.

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Ying, Zhi Ding, Yu Long Fang, Xin Fu Xu, Wei Sun, and Yang Chu. "Analysis of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Disc Eddy Current Braking Device." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.553.

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To analyze the variation of electromagnetic field distribution, a mathematical model of the eddy current brake (ECB) is established and the two-dimensional simulation and three-dimensional simulation are comparatively analyzed. Then the curves of the braking torque of the ECB at different speeds are obtained by the simulations. The characteristics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation of the electromagnetic field of the ECB are summarized by contrasted comparative curves between simulation date and test date. The analysis is helpful to optimizing the application of electromagnetism by using software.

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Dond, Shantaram, Hitesh Choudhary, Tanmay Kolge, Archana Sharma, and G. K. Dey. "Robust electromagnet design for pulse forming application." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 557–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-05-2018-0229.

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Purpose An electromagnet that can produce strong pulsed magnetic fields at kHz frequencies is potentially very favourable to exert a Lorentz force on the metallic workpiece. One of the applications of the pulsed magnetic field is the electromagnetic forming where the design of robust electromagnet is critical. The purpose of this paper is to design a robust electromagnet (coil) for high velocity electromagnetic tube forming operation. Design/methodology/approach First of all, an analytical model is developed to design the electromagnet and predict the aluminium tube velocity under the action of the estimated pulsed magnetic field. Next, the finite element-based numerical model is used to test the robustness of the designed coil and validate the analytical model. The coil is fabricated and implemented for free forming of aluminium tube. Experimental results of tube displacement are further compared with numerical and analytical model results. Findings The experimental tube displacement results are showing a good match with analytical and numerical results. The designed electromagnet has generated a peak magnetic field around 14 T at 20 µs rise time and deformed the aluminium tube with a peak velocity of 160 m/s. Robustness of the electromagnet under the action of forming stress is insured by numerical stress analysis and experiments. Practical implications Though the designed model in this work is for the 2.4 mm aluminium tube forming, it can also be used for different tube materials, tube dimensions and other electromagnetic forming applications with some modifications. Originality/value The research results provide powerful theoretical, numerical simulation and experimental support for the robust electromagnet design.

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Nagaya, K., and N. Arai. "Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Levitation Actuator With Electromagnetic Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896434.

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This paper proposes an actuator in the magnetic levitation system using a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. In this system, the gravity force of the masses is supported by a strong permanent magnet in which two identical poles face each other. The vibration due to external disturbances is controlled by use of the electromagnet by changing magnetic fluxes of one of the permanent magnets. The analytical expressions for obtaining the levitation force, spring constant, and the control force versus the electric current in the electromagnet were derived using the equation of the electromagnetic theory. Numerical simulations under the control using the optimal regulator for the magnetically levitated body were carried out. To verify the present theoretical results, experimental results were also obtained.

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Yan, Ling Yun, Peng Fei Wu, and Zeng Xian Bao. "Coupling Simulation and Characteristic Analysis of Pure Water High-Speed On-Off Valve." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.457.

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The paper introduces the structure and operating principle of two-position three-way pure water high-speed solenoid on-off valve, establishes the mathematical model of on-off valve, obtains performance parameters of electromagnet through Ansoft simulation, imports the performance parameters of electromagnet into the solenoid on-off valve simulation model in AMESim, and realizes the coupling simulation among electromagnetic circuit, mechanical part and hydraulic system, so as to improve simulation precision and achieve relatively correct static-dynamic simulation results of high-speed solenoid on-off valve.

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Storey, L. R. O. "Letter to the Editor: Revision of the basic equations of wave distribution function analysis." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 5 (May 31, 1998): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0651-3.

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Abstract. The basic equations of wave distribution function analysis are rewritten in forms that treat the electric and magnetic fields of the waves in a more symmetrical way than the original equations do, and are slightly better for computing.Key words. Radio science (electromagnetic metrology) · Electromagnetics (plasmas; signal processing and adaptive antennas)

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Cao, Jian Nan, Jun Liu, and Yong Yang. "Impact Characteristics Study on Electromagnet Magnetic Isolation Ring to Electromagnetic Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.635.

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This paper makes simulation analysis on an electromagnetic valve product based on ANSYS software by changing the angle, position, length and permeability of electromagnet magnetic isolation ring, and get different electromagnetic force curves. According to electromagnetic force curves, it can verify the importance of magnetic isolation ring’s existence. Comparing simulation results curve with measured electromagnetic force curve, it can find that Attenuation trend of two curves are consistent, which can prove the reliability of simulation by ANSYS software. This study makes a series of electromagnetic force simulation by changing the angle, relative position, and length of magnetic isolation ring. The results show that the influence of relative position’s change to electromagnetic force is more obvious than other factors. The conclusion can be taken as reference by electromagnetic valve designers. Furthermore, there exists important application value in this series of electromagnetic valve optimal design process.

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Aziz, R., G. J. Atkinson, and S. Salimin. "Thermal Modelling for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1903-1912.

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It is important to predict the temperature in some of the essential parts in machine design to prevent the machine from any damage. Most researchers usually not given much attention on thermal analysis during machine design as much as the electromagnet design. Therefore, in this study, two types of thermal modelling were proposed to predict the temperature of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Infolytica ThermNet software has been used since the software is related to Infolytica Magnet and the losses obtained from the electromagnetic field analysis are used as the heat source in the thermal analysis. Comparison has been done between the predicted temperature from lumped parameter model and finite element analysis. The results also will be validated by using experimental setup. Since Infolytica Magnet has been used to analyse the electromagnetic output therefore finite element analysis model is the better choice.

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Saldner, Henrik O. "Calibrated Noncontact Exciters for Optical Modal Analysis." Shock and Vibration 3, no. 2 (1996): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/926465.

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Two types of exciters were investigated experimentally One of the exciters uses a small permanent magnet fastened on the object. The force is introduced by the change in the electromagnetic field from a coil via an air gap. The second exciter is an eddy-current electromagnet one. The amplitude of the forces from these exciters are calibrated by using dynamic reciprocity in conjunction with electronic holography. These forces strongly depend upon the distance between the exciter and the object.

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Huang, Peng, Chun Fu Gao, Xin Sheng He, and Hai Feng Ji. "Design and Numerical Analysis of Non-Uniform Electromagnetic Field Based on the Wedge Magnetic Pole." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.706.

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As there are relatively fewer studies about non-uniform magnetic field design and numerical analysis, a model of wedge pole electromagnet has designed and analyzed based on the traditional electromagnet design method. The effects of coil turn, conductor sectional and electric current density on magnetic field intensity had also designed and calculated. The design and numerical analysis of wedge pole electromagnet were conducted which adopted the finite element simulation and optimal design method. The magnetic induction intensity for the wedge pole electromagnet in different positions of the air gap had analog calculated. The simulated and test results for distributing magnetic field can be well corresponded by considering the effect of eddy loss, material and machining errors of electromagnetic. The result indicated that the method of simulation is correct and practical. The method provides a reliable simulation analysis and empirical data for the design of non-uniform magnetic field.

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Ozcan, Ozgur. "Examining the students’ understanding level towards the concepts of magnetic field: the case of conducting wire." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v6i2.4425.

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The electromagnetism is one of the important topics in physics and it has quite a lot of applications in a wide range of area. It also examines the electromagnetic force researches that occur between the electrically charged particles. On the other hand, examination of the magnetic field around the conductors and the movement of the charged particles in the electromagnetic field is quite interesting topics on that the physics researchers intensively investigated. The electromagnetic theory has an abstract nature, because the university level students have many learning and understanding difficulties about the concepts related to these topics. In realization of meaningful learning, the role of the students’ prior knowledge about the aforementioned concepts is becoming important. This study aims to investigate the understanding of 12 pre-service physics teachers related to the concept of moving particles in an electromagnetic filed by using the qualitative research methods. The data collected through the test consisting of three question and it was analysed by using content analysis method. The understanding levels and the alternative conceptions of the pre-service physics teachers were determined by different categories at the end of the content analyses process. Keywords: Alternative conceptions, electromagnetism education, pre-service physics teachers; understanding level;

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El Bechari, Reda, Frédéric Guyomarch, and Stéphane Brisset. "The Adjoint Variable Method for Computational Electromagnetics." Mathematics 10, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10060885.

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Optimization using finite element analysis and the adjoint variable method to solve engineering problems appears in various application areas. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a lack of detailed explanation on the implementation of the adjoint variable method in the context of electromagnetic modeling. This paper aimed to provide a detailed explanation of the method in the simplest possible general framework. Then, an extended explanation is offered in the context of electromagnetism. A discrete design methodology based on adjoint variables for magnetostatics was formulated, implemented, and verified. This comprehensive methodology supports both linear and nonlinear problems. The framework provides a general approach for performing a very efficient and discretely consistent sensitivity analysis for problems involving geometric and physical variables or any combination of the two. The accuracy of the implementation is demonstrated by independent verification based on an analytical test case and using the finite-difference method. The methodology was used to optimize the parameters of a superconducting energy storage device and a magnet press and the optimization of the topology of an electromagnet. The objective function of each problem was successfully decreased, and all constraints stipulated were met.

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Peng, Chang, Li Qiu, Ke Shen Gong, and Ding Jun Wang. "Research on Workpiece Deformation in Electromagnetic Forming Process with Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2702.

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Electromagnetic forming is a kind of processing technology that use lorentz force to make rapid prototyping of metal workpiece, which can significantly improve the metal forming performance,and it is expected to become an emerging technology that alternative to traditional machining to process light alloy materials. Based on the understanding the basic structure of the electromagnetic coupling on the basis of physical process of electromagnetic forming, this article adopt ANSYS sequential coupling method to simulate the electromagnetic coupling process of electromagnetic structure, and analysis of tube electromagnetic forming and plate of workpiece in the process of free bulging deformation behavior. The solenoid coil tubing have an axis of symmetry due to bulging, and it’s electromagnetism load and constraint has symmetry, so its formability is uniform in hoop direction. When the plank free bulge, the distribution of the electromagnetic force caused by the flat spiral coil is not uniform,and the artifacts accelerate fastest in the part of the radius of coil 1/2, but the center area of the workpiece’s forming height is highest.

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Gibson, A. A. P., and S. Tsitsos. "Derivation of the Finite Element Energy Functional for Waveguides." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 30, no. 2 (April 1993): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099303000210.

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Derivation of the finite element energy functional for waveguides A practical approach to introducing variational finite elements to advanced microwave courses in electromagnetics is described. Using standard electromagnetic theory such as complex power flow and waveguide analysis an energy functional, based on the conservation of energy, is derived by applying the divergence theorem to the complex power flow equation.

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李, 晨阳. "Electromagnetic Analysis of Suspended Electromagnet of Medium-Low Speed Maglev Train." Open Journal of Transportation Technologies 09, no. 06 (2020): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojtt.2020.96054.

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Wu, Xiao Yu, Zhe Ming Chen, and Ze Hao Huang. "Analysis and Calculation of Electromagnetic Torque for the Voltage Source Traction Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.672.

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The traction motor installed on the high-speed train is powered by inverter. A large number of harmonics may appear when motor is operating. Then the motor speed generate oscillation and finally the dynamic characteristic is affected in vehicle system. In this paper, relied on the electromagnetism of traction motor, the mechanism about emerging harmonic torque is analyzed. In addition, based on the equivalent circuit, the method of calculating the parameters in harmonic circuit is proposed. Two mathematical formulas are also proposed to obtain the fundamental electromagnetic torque and the harmonic electromagnetic torque on traction motor. The time domain and frequency domain distributions of the torques are gained and analyzed. Finally a calculation example of traction motor harmonic torque was analyzed and calculated, and prepared for further study of harmonic torque impacting on vehicle system dynamic performance.

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CHERNOV, A. E., and A. V. AKIMO. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY CAPACITY OF THE EXCITATION SYSTEM OF THE TRACTOR GENERATORS." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66274.

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The paper describes the technique of comparing fundamentally different types of transverters rotors, namely generators with electromagnetic excitation and magnetoelectric generators. In all embodiments of the comparative analysis it is necessary to compare power capabilities of electrical machines made with different devices in excitation system (permanent magnets, excitation coils), which in principle cannot be implemented without knowing and comparing the magnetic characteristics of the power generators and inductors. To unify the content and progress of computational studies on determination of electromagnetic parameters of generators with different excitation systems and gaining on this basis visual representations of its advantages and disadvantages it is advisable to represent used in the calculations of generators characteristics of permanent magnets and electromagnets in the form of identical form and content analytic or graphic dependencies. This is about the dependence of the magnetic flows in calculated sections of the element excitation systems (in their neutral section Фэм and Фм from magnetomotive force of excitation system F3M и Фм). Most simply this problem is solved by bringing the magnetic characteristics of the electromagnets to the same form and with the same parameters and concepts as the magnetic characteristics of the permanent magnets. As a result of researches it is established that widely used in automobile and tractor electrical equip-ment permanent magnets-ferrites fabricated by powder metallurgy from a mixture of crushed iron oxide and strontium owing to the relatively low level of magnetic energy and low values of residual induction is unable to provide the same level of magnetic properties of the inductors that have the inductors of the generators with electromagnetic excitation, and therefore, their use in automotive generators should be considered inappropriate.

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Qin, L., Q. Li, and Yong J. Yuan. "A study of coFeB magnetic yoke based on planar electromagnet." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440738.

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This paper studies the fabrication of a novel planar electromagnet consisting of a planar copper coil and a magnetic yoke. CoFeB was used as the magnetic yoke material instead of the traditional permanent magnets. The planar electromagnet was fabricated and optimized to maximize the electromagnetic force, especially with varying CoFeB thickness. The micro-planar electromagnet was fabricated successfully by the traditional micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) techniques and XRD, VSM were used to characterize the performance of the electromagnet. The planar electromagnet exhibits superior perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and 0.006 emu of [Formula: see text] was achieved following 2 min deposition of CoFeB thin film. By integrating with other micro apparatuses, it is anticipated that the planar electromagnet will have potential applications in areas such as biosensors, biological medicine, drug delivery, chemical analysis and environmental monitoring.

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Chen, Na, Yan Song Wang, Hui Guo, Jie Lei, and Tao Zhang. "A Study on Static Features of a High-Speed Solenoid Valve Used in Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.393.

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Based on the Maxwell equation and simulation analysis method, this paper investigates and retains the optimized parameters of a high-speed solenoid valve, which is very important for electrical unit pump (EUP) diesels. According to the electromagnetic theory, firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the solenoid valve is established, and working process of the electromagnets is analyzed by using both the theoretical method and Ansys Workbench software. In view of the electromagnetic force, furthermore, several parameters related to the solenoid valve performance are considered and their effects on solenoid valve are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the optimized parameters are proposed for the analyzed solenoid valve and proved by theoretical equations. The studied approach can be extended to any other field related to the electromagnetic device design.

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Sun, Chuan Yu, Lin Jing Xiao, and Shu Ping Wang. "Dynamic Magnetic Force Analysis of the New Low-Power Radial Magnetic Suspension Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.30.

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In order to reduce the current consume of magnetic suspension bearing, the paper has brought forward a new low-power radial magnetic suspension bearing (RMSB), the bearing has a hybrid structure of permanent magnet and electromagnet, the upside suction force and downside repulsion force generated by permanent magnet can counteract the gravity of rotor, and the electromagnetic repulsion force generated by electromagnetic coil can adjust the dynamic position of rotor. Through the model simulation and analysis, the paper educes the calculation formula of eccentric force, gets the relationship between magnetic force and eccentric distance, gets the relation curves between the eccentric distance and the control current under the case of nonzero radial speed, and finally gets the minimum precise control current. This magnetic bearing has great effect and meaning in the no friction domain with the advantages of low power, simple control, etc.

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Sousa, E. L., K. R. Cardoso, M. Z. Fortes, and A. P. Fragoso. "ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO, EM TERMOS DE PERTURBAÇÕES ELETROMAGNÉTICAS CONDUZIDAS, EM CONJUNTOS DE LÂMPADAS LED." Revista SODEBRAS 16, no. 190 (October 2021): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.16.2021.190.145.

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Liu, Guoqing, Jingchi Wu, Song Xiao, Yuanpei Luo, Can Zhang, Yang Rao, Kunlun Zhang, and Jan K. Sykulski. "Multiphysics analysis of a hybrid suspension system for middle-low-speed maglev trains." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 90, no. 1 (April 2020): 10903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200015.

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The suspension force − a critical factor in the operation of middle-low-speed maglev trains − is provided by electromagnets. However, the eddy current effect produced by the relative motion between electromagnets and the steel track causes a reduction of the suspension force, especially under high speed. A novel type of permanent-electro-magnetic suspension system is proposed to improve performance by considering the variation of material characteristics with temperature. A 3D dynamic finite element model of this hybrid system − accounting for the influence of temperature − has been created to study the variation of magnetic flux distribution, suspension force and guiding force under different operational speeds of the train, in comparison with the electromagnetic version. Verified by simulations, the hybrid system has superior performance offering a powerful suspension force and a reliable guidance force even at high speeds of the train.

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Ren, Shida, Gang Feng, Pengxiang Zhang, Tengda Li, and Xilai Zhao. "Method of Calculating Inductance Gradient for Complex Electromagnetic Rail Launcher." Electronics 11, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182912.

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Electromagnetic rail launch technology has made impressive progress; however, the analytical method of calculating the inductance gradient for a complex electromagnetic launcher is still insufficient. By fully considering the characteristics of electromagnetics and current distribution in a device, this paper describes a model of the current skin effect by simplifying the line current distribution in the device. Based on Biot–Savart law, an analytical method of calculating inductance gradient for an electromagnetic rail launcher with complex structure is proposed. This method has the advantages of fast calculation speed and accurate calculation results. Because of error analysis, the calculated value relatively corresponds to the simulation result of the eddy current field. To reflect the transient electromagnetic emission process, the effects of different configurations, current frequency, and armature position on the inductance gradient are further summarized. The results show that the error rate of this method in calculating the inductance gradient is about 4%, which meets the requirement for calculation accuracy. The inductance gradient of the enhanced four-rail electromagnetic launcher is about 2.22 times that of the nonenhanced one due to the equal conditions; the inductance gradient decreases with the increase in current frequency and decreases as the armature approaches the muzzle.

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Li, Yajian, Danfeng Zhou, and Jie Li. "Vertical Dynamic Response Prediction of the Electromagnetic Levitation Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072580.

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Due to the limited deviation range of the controllable levitation gap, the vehicle/track coupling dynamic problem of the maglev transportation system is very prominent. The stability of the electromagnetic levitation system is deeply affected by the track irregularity. It is found that there are obvious dynamic characteristic differences of the electromagnetic levitation system, and the deviation range of the levitation gap increases gradually with the increase of the train speed. This paper presents a vertical dynamics prediction method of the electromagnetic levitation system. Firstly, the model of the electromagnet module and the track is established. Then, the amplitude spectrum functions of the levitation gaps are obtained by using the discrete frequency excitation method. Based on the amplitude spectrum functions, the vertical dynamic response of the levitation system can be predicted. The amplitude spectral analysis results are consistent with the numerical simulation results.

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Dalle, C. "Electromagnetic physical modeling of a gallium nitride distributed transferred electron based planar waveguide structure THz oscillator." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 4 (September 11, 2019): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1214.

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The potential of a planar waveguide structure terahertz oscillator based on a gallium nitride distributed transferred electron device is theoretically investigated. The circuit numerical physical modeling relies on a two-dimensional time-domain electromagnetism/transport simulator. It is based on the coupled solution of the Maxwell and energy-momentum macroscopic transport equations. The study is focused on the analysis, from the space-time electromagnetic and electron transport quantities, of the complex CW operation of an oscillator, designed and DC biased, to optimally operate at one terahertz. The analysis is performed following a full electromagnetic approach in the time and frequency domain, at the local scale, for the description of the physical phenomena, as well as at the functional scale in order to obtain the quantities interesting the oscillator designer and user.

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Li, Ai Ran, Yu Jin Fan, Teng Han, Zhe Kun Li, Pei Lin Zhao, and Jun Jie Wang. "Properties of Hydraulic Floating Caliper Brake for AGV Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.33.

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Existing AGV car’s brakes are electromagnet brakes. Brake overheating causes brake damaged during work time.In this paper ,the hydraulic pressure floating caliper brake is applied to the AGV car . It with electromagnetic brake AGV car for braking performance comparison test, through comparative analysis know that hydraulic floating caliper brakes can not only meet the AGV car’s braking requirements and the system dynamic performance has improved greatly.

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Brela, Matthäus, and Hans-Jörg Gebhardt. "Numerical Analysis of the Manufacturing Impact on Magnetic Stray Fields at Electromagnetic Actuators." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.27.

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Abstract. The technical parameters of magnetic actuators, such as electromagnets, resonance actuators, reluctance actuators etc., are determined by the magnetic properties of the materials as well as the manufacturing and the design configuration. Some exemplary defects in electromagnetic actuators due to the manufacturing are heterogeneous magnetic properties of the materials, cracks, defects and parasitic air gaps in and directly around the magnetic circuit. To implement inline measurement systems to characterise defects within the manufacturing process a study has been carried out to display the influences of production impacts on magnetic stray fields outside the magnetic circuit.

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Liang, Shengjun, Siyuan Sun, and Hongfei Lu. "Application of Airborne Electromagnetics and Magnetics for Mineral Exploration in the Baishiquan–Hongliujing Area, Northwest China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050903.

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Airborne electromagnetics is an effective and efficient exploration tool in shallow mineral exploration for its high efficiency and low cost. In 2016, airborne electromagnetic and airborne magnetic surveys have been carried out at the border of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Gansu Province, the Northwest China. With an integrated system, the airborne electromagnetics and airborne magnetic data were collected simultaneously by AreoTEM-IV system from Aeroquest International Limited in Vancouver, BC, Canada, and the CS3 Cesium Vapor magnetometer from Scintrex in Concord, ON, Canada. About 3149 line-km of both data with 250 m line space were acquired. After data processing, the comprehensive analysis and interpretation of resistivity and magnetic anomalies has been carried out to infer lithological structure and outline the potential ore deposits. Verified by the ground surveys, seven outlined anomalies are consistent with the known ore sites, and one new gold deposit and several mineralization clues were found. The prospective reserves of gold are expected to exceed 10 tons. Besides, some prospecting target areas were outlined as the possible locations of copper–nickel deposits. The successful case shows the airborne magnetic data accords with geological structures, and the airborne electromagnetic method is effective in finding metal mineral resources, which can help to quickly identify potential ore targets with no surface outcrop.

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Yoshida, K., and H. Matsumoto. "Electromagnetic force analysis of HTS bulk in DC-magnetic fields due to electromagnet." Physica C: Superconductivity 378-381 (October 2002): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(02)01811-7.

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Zhu, Liu, Guo, Xu, Hou, and Niu. "Modeling and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Fully Variable Valve Train with a Magnetorheological Buffer." Electronics 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090996.

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Electromagnetic fully variable valve train (EMVT) technology promises to improve the fuel economy and optimize the engine performance. A novel EMVT equipped with a magnetorheological buffer (EMVT with MR buffer) is proposed to suppress the valve seating impact in this paper. The magnetorheological buffer can adjust the damping characteristics of the whole system in the seating process. Valve precise motion control and better seating performance can be achieved through the coordinated control of electromagnetic linear actuator (EMLA) and MR buffer. For better analysis of system performance, establishing an accurate system dynamic model is the basis of the coordinated control system. A high-order nonlinear precise model integrating dynamics, electromagnetism, and fluid mechanic was established. Then, the Jacobi linearization model is carried out at the equilibrium seating point to build a control-oriented linearized model. The correctness and accuracy of the linearized model is verified. Experiments and simulations show that the valve precise motion can be well controlled to achieve fully variable actuation. And the valve soft landing can be completed under collaborative control.

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Psonis, Theodoros, Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos, and Epaminodas Mitronikas. "Electromagnetic Analysis of Fuzzy Controlled Active Magnetic Bearings." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818804011.

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The main objective of the current paper is to present the electromagnetic and thermal analysis of an AMB which is controlled by a non-linear controller, taking into account the weight of the rotor. The system consists of a rotor and two pairs of electromagnets, each one placed on the vertical and horizontal axis respectively. A Fuzzy PID controller [Fig. 2] is used to control a pair of electromagnets (vertical or horizontal axis) of the AMB system and the rotor. The magnetic field simulation has been implemented through the ANSYS software and the control settings have been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The interaction between these two programs is presented throughout this study. In order to define the dynamic modelling of the overall system, it is considered that the rotating magnetic field of the motor does not affect the AMB. The coil of the magnetic bearings is fed by a controlled power source. As it has already been mentioned above, the non-linear control model is implemented through a Fuzzy PID Controller, while the system is disrupted by a white noise signal for the simulation of the disturbances taking place during normal operation.

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Ren, Qiao, Jimin Zhang, and Jinnan Luo. "Characteristic Analysis and Control of a Rotary Electromagnetic Eddy Current Brake." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360623.

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This article designs an electromagnetic rotating eddy current brake (ECB), which has the advantages of no wear and low noise compared with traditional friction brake. First, using the magnetic circuit analysis model, a theoretical calculation formula of the ECB’s braking characteristics is given. The results show that the braking torque is negatively correlated with the thickness of the air gap as well as the electrical conductivity and the relative magnetic permeability of the brake disc material, and positively correlated with the number of ampere turns and the number of electromagnet poles. Secondly, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the brake is established. The results of braking torque-speed characteristics between finite element calculation and theoretical analysis are compared, and the reasons for the differences between the two are explained. Using the FE model, the influence of the design parameters on torque characteristics is studied. Combined with the theoretical analysis model, the results are explained accordingly, providing a reference for the optimal design of the brake. Finally, a controller for the electromagnetic rotating eddy current brake is designed to control the amplitude of the desired braking torque.

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Sagar, Md Samiul Islam, Hassna Ouassal, Asif I. Omi, Anna Wisniewska, Harikrishnan M. Jalajamony, Renny E. Fernandez, and Praveen K. Sekhar. "Application of Machine Learning in Electromagnetics: Mini-Review." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222752.

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As an integral part of the electromagnetic system, antennas are becoming more advanced and versatile than ever before, thus making it necessary to adopt new techniques to enhance their performance. Machine Learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, is a method of data analysis that automates analytical model building with minimal human intervention. The potential for ML to solve unpredictable and non-linear complex challenges is attracting researchers in the field of electromagnetics (EM), especially in antenna and antenna-based systems. Numerous antenna simulations, synthesis, and pattern recognition of radiations as well as non-linear inverse scattering-based object identifications are now leveraging ML techniques. Although the accuracy of ML algorithms depends on the availability of sufficient data and expert handling of the model and hyperparameters, it is gradually becoming the desired solution when researchers are aiming for a cost-effective solution without excessive time consumption. In this context, this paper aims to present an overview of machine learning, and its applications in Electromagnetics, including communication, radar, and sensing. It extensively discusses recent research progress in the development and use of intelligent algorithms for antenna design, synthesis and analysis, electromagnetic inverse scattering, synthetic aperture radar target recognition, and fault detection systems. It also provides limitations of this emerging field of study. The unique aspect of this work is that it surveys the state-of the art and recent advances in ML techniques as applied to EM.

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Lee, Jai Hyuk, Dong Shin Ko, Sang Youp Kwon, Jae Yong Kim, and Deog Jae Hur. "A study of optimization for vibration performance and electromagnetic force of the bone conduction speaker actuator asymmetry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 11 (June 8, 2017): 2032–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217712281.

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This study derives an optimal design of electromagnetic force, verifies the analysis of the optimum, and runs the vibration test to consider various properties of the optimal design in order to optimize the performance of the bone conduction speakers used in Smart Glasses, one of smart wearable devices. For performance factors that affect the electromagnetism of actuator in a bone conduction speaker which holds a magnetic structure, the diaphragm height, yoke pole height, magnet height, magnet and plate width, and coil turn number were selected. To analyze the properties of the performance factors, responsive factors needed to be classified first using fractional factorial design and full factorial design was used for influence analysis. The F-test was done as the means to conduct the valence test to show the independence and reciprocal action for selected performance factors, and it concluded that three independence factors were valid. Based on the valid performance factors, a regression equation to predict its performance was deducted and using the equation, an optimal design to maximize the electromagnetic force performance per component. To verify the characteristics of the optimal model, the finite element method (FEM) was used for analysis. Through electromagnetic analysis, magnetic flux density was obtained, and the particular information along with current and coil length contributed to deriving 0.052 N of electromagnetic force. After completing the frequency response analysis based on the electromagnetic force, it resulted in the 0.0772 mm of displacement at 590.12 Hz of resonant frequency. A sample model was fabricated, followed by vibration testing, after optimal design and analytical verification. Hence, it is verified that the optimal design method and the credibility of the analysis of this study is deemed very high. Furthermore, utilizing this mechanism would inspect the effect of the design parameter performance and increase the credibility and efficiency of a design.

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Li, Te, and Jian Wu. "Electromagnetic Vibration Analysis of High Speed Motorized Spindle Considering Length Reduction of Air Gap." International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2017): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijcee.2017.9.2.456-464.

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Zhi, Chao, Tadahiko Shinshi, and Minoru Uehara. "Design and Analysis of a Thin Film Permanent Magnet Actuated Micro Pump." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 2 (March 5, 2013): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0196.

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In this paper we present the design, analysis and an experimental evaluation of a micro pump utilizing a 20 µm thick, 3 mm diameter Thin Film Permanent Magnet (TFPM). The pump includes an electromagnet that uses a magnetic closed circuit. The design of the electromagnet was optimized and was theoretically explained. A PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) diaphragm with a thickness of approximately 80 µm was used in the pump. The electromagnetic force on the diaphragmwas calculated using a finite elementmethod. Large deformation analysis was used to calculate the displacement of the diaphragm. The force and displacement measurements agreed well with those calculated by simulation. The performance of the fabricated pump was also evaluated. During pumping, the displacement of the diaphragm reached 500 µm, which is the same as the height of the chamber. Furthermore, because of the large displacement, the pump is bubble tolerant and self-priming. A maximum flow rate of 50 µL/min and a maximum pressure of 110 Pa were achieved. A square wave input signal was demonstrated to be more effective than a sinusoidal signal in generating a high flow rate.

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Torres-Sanchez, Horacio. "The epistemological obstacle in Electromagnetism." DYNA 88, no. 218 (July 29, 2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n218.88975.

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In the development of a historical analysis on the natural phenomenon of electromagnetism, recurrently a question appears on the subject: why does it take researchers about 2300 years to decipher, understand and then dominate and apply the electromagnetic phenomenon for the benefit of the human being? To answer this question, the hypothesis about Bacon's “idols” and Bachelard's epistemological obstacle are presented. Both posed very correctly about the theory of knowledge: the limitations or impediments that affect the ability of individuals to build new knowledge. The fascinating interpretations, myths and legends, even the scientific understanding and its technological applications that changed life on earth, have been compiled and analyzed in this article, and in the Torres´s book [18]: “The enigma of Electromagnetism under the magnifying glass"

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Kang, Sung-Jun, Jun-Sung Lee, Seung-Eun Rho, Jong-Oh Park, Eun-Chae Jung, and Il-Han Park. "Mutiphysics Analysis for Electromagnetics-Structural Deformation-Circuit Coupled Problem of Electromagnetic Expulsive De-icing System." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 71, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2022.71.11.1599.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic analysi'

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