Academic literature on the topic 'Electrolytes Metabolism'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electrolytes Metabolism"
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Martins, J. A., M. T. Ramos, A. C. T. Miranda, L. A. G. Dimache, A. T. Silva, J. F. Azevedo, C. A. A. Oliveira, V. P. Silva, P. Trigo, and F. Q. Almeida. "Blood and urinary variables in horses supplemented with electrolytes." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13021.
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This study was designed to evaluate changes on variables in blood, urine and water balance in horses in response to a single dose of electrolyte supplementation. The essay was conducted on a randomised 3×3 Latin Square design repeated over time, with three animals and three treatments: Treatment 1: control group (without supplementation); Treatment 2: supplementation with a medium dose of electrolytes composed of: 0.25 g of NaCl + 0.125 g of KCl + 0.05 g of CaCl + 0.025 g of MgCl per kg of BW; Treatment 3: supplementation with a high dose of electrolytes composed of: 0.625 g of NaCl + 0.3125 g of KCl + 0.125 g of CaCl + 0.0625 g of MgCl per kg of BW, equivalent to 2.5 times the medium dose of supplementation. The electrolytes were supplied through a nasogastric tube 4 h after the morning meal. The diet provided had a forage:concentrate ratio of 70:30, composed of coastcross hay and commercial concentrate, with an estimated consumption of 2% of body weigth (BW). Horses received 116 mg/kg of BW of commercial mineral salt mixed in the concentrate. Samples of blood, urine and digesta were collected over a 12 h period after supplementation for analysis of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium concentration. Water intake and urine output were also measured. Electrolytic supplementation enhanced (P<0.05) the water intake, water retention and urine output. Blood variables were not altered by electrolyte supplementation (P≯0.05). The supplementation also influenced the sodium and chloride excretion in urine (P<0.05). Urine physicochemical characteristics and the concentration of electrolytes excreted with time were significantly altered as a function of the electrolytes supplementation.
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Maksymovych, I. A. "Обмін електролітів у спортивних коней за навантаження." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 77 (February 12, 2017): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7723.
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The article presents the results of research content of electrolytes in the blood sport horses before and after exercise. The study was conducted on 50 horses Ukrainian warmlood, Hanoverian and Westphalian breeds. Research biochemical blood parameters in horses, including the maintenance of electrolytes used to determine the effect of exercise on physical performance of animals. Horses electrolytes play an important role in maintaining osmotic pressure, fluid balance, so it is important to determine the contents of the horses during and after exercise. Established that the content of calcium and phosphorus in serum horses after exercise of medium intensity tended to decrease. Exercise in sport horses not affect the metabolism of magnesium in the blood. After exercise serum sport horses significantly reduced in sodium and potassium, which is due to loss of electrolytes through sweat and development electrolyte imbalance.
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Rasyid, Nur Qadri, and Muawanah Usman. "Study of Electrolyte Levels in Diabetic Patients." Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta) 12, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ica.v12i1.5630.
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder / disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) with changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the body due to disruption in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. These metabolic changes affect the concentration of electrolytes. Electrolytes contained in the body play an important role in many body processes, such as controlling fluid levels, acid base balance (pH), nerve conduction, blood clotting and muscle contraction. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the most common macroelectrolytes and correlate with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined the prevalence of diabetes and its relationship to electrolyte concentrations in 28 subjects, divided into two groups: group A consisted of 14 diabetic patients in Labuang Baji Hospital and group B consisting of 14 non-diabetic subjects. The results of the research conducted showed that serum electrolyte levels (Na +, K +, Cl-) for the control were all in the normal range. In contrast, serum electrolyte (Na +, Cl-) levels have two patients who have Na + electrolyte levels below the normal range.
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NESBAKKEN, RAGNAR, and SISSEL REINLIE. "Magnesium and Phosphorous: The Electrolytes of Energy Metabolism." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 29 (December 1985): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02344.x.
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Drummer, C., R. Gerzer, M. Heer, B. Molz, P. Bie, M. Schlossberger, C. Stadaeger, et al. "Effects of an acute saline infusion on fluid and electrolyte metabolism in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 262, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): F744—F754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.262.5.f744.
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Several hormonal systems participating in body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis were investigated in six healthy volunteers in a supine body position during a period of 9 days and nights. Under strictly controlled conditions, striking circadian rhythms were observed for plasma levels of vasopressin, renin, aldosterone, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, cortisol, and epinephrine. Nocturnal decreases and diurnal increases in urine flow rate and urinary excretion of electrolytes were observed and closely paralleled the urinary excretion of urodilatin. During 48 h after an acute isotonic saline infusion (2 liters within 25 min) and after a 48-h control experiment the urinary excretion of H2O and electrolytes, and simultaneously the alterations in endocrine systems participating in body fluid homeostasis, were determined. Urine flow and urinary electrolyte excretion rates were significantly increased during 2 days after the saline infusion. The largest increase in urinary fluid and electrolyte excretion was observed between 3 and 22 h postinfusion. These long-term changes were paralleled by altered H2O and Na balances and also by elevated body weights that returned to baseline values with an approximate half-life of 7 h. These data suggest that vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and catecholamines are unlikely to be of major importance for the renal response to this hypervolemic stimulus. The renin-aldosterone system was suppressed during 2 days postinfusion. This suppression correlated with the effects of saline load on Na excretion. However, the closest relation with Na excretion was observed for the kidney-derived member of the atrial natriuretic peptide family, urodilatin, which was considerably increased during the long-term period up to 22 h postinfusion. Thus these data show that the human body in supine position requires approximately 2 days to regulate the amount of Na and H2O provided by an acute saline infusion. The data also suggest that urodilatin and the renin-aldosterone system might participate in the long-term renal response to an acute saline infusion and also in the mediation of circadian urinary excretion rhythms.
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Powner, David J., John A. Kellum, and Joseph M. Darby. "Abnormalities in Fluids, Electrolytes, and Metabolism of Organ Donors." Progress in Transplantation 10, no. 2 (June 2000): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480001000204.
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Powner, David, John Kellum, and Joseph Darby. "Abnormalities in fluids, electrolytes, and metabolism of organ donors." Progress in Transplantation 10, no. 2 (June 2000): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7182/prtr.10.2.1017381040148m75.
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Reshma, Shridhar, Sushith Sushith, Mangalore Balakrishna Prathima, D'Sa Janice, Gopal R. Madan, Pragathi Gowda, Kiran PK Kumar, Mohandas Rai, and Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal. "Serum electrolytes levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study." Diabetes mellitus 23, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm10302.
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BACKGROUND:Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease worldwide. Electrolyte played significant roles in thenormal functioning of the body, and deregulation is indicative of different types of disease and electrolyte disturbances are often reported in type 2 DM (T2DM).
AIM:The aim of the study was to estimate the levels of serum electrolytes in outpatients with T2DM and correlate serum electrolytes with random blood sugar (RBS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients with T2DM visiting the outpatient Departments of Medicine, between April 2016 and March 2017 were included. Of 148 diagnosed T2DM cases, 74 were had RBS level 300mg/dL (group-1) and 74 had RBSlevel 300mg/dL (group-2). Serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) levels were measured by using the Roche 9180electrolyte analyzer.
RESULTS:In this study, there was a significant decrease in serum Na+levels in group 1 (131.834.36 mmol/L) compared to group 2(134.154.90mmol/L).The serum levels of K+was found to be increased in group 1 (4.510.61 mmol/L) in comparison with group 2 (4.260.52 mmol/L). In group-1, an inverse relationship was present between serum Na+(r=-0.342) and Cl-(r=-0.538) with RBS which was statistically significant. In group-2, a significant correlation was present between serum K+and RBS (r=0.356, p0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:The study showed lower levels of Na+and higher K+levels in group-1 compared to group-2 subjects. This study showed that the distribution of serum Na+and K+levels is dependent on plasma glucose levels in patients with DM and also suggests that monitoring the electrolyte levels in hyperglycemia is pertinent in the management of diabetes.
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Rehman, Andrea Mary, Susannah Louise Woodd, Douglas Corbett Heimburger, John Robert Koethe, Henrik Friis, George PrayGod, Lackson Kasonka, Paul Kelly, and Suzanne Filteau. "Changes in serum phosphate and potassium and their effects on mortality in malnourished African HIV-infected adults starting antiretroviral therapy and given vitamins and minerals in lipid-based nutritional supplements: secondary analysis from the Nutritional Support for African Adults Starting Antiretroviral Therapy (NUSTART) trial." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 6 (March 28, 2017): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517000721.
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AbstractMalnourished HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at high risk of early mortality, some of which may be attributed to altered electrolyte metabolism. We used data from a randomised controlled trial of electrolyte-enriched lipid-based nutritional supplements to assess the association of baseline and time-varying serum phosphate and K concentrations with mortality within the first 12 weeks after starting ART. Baseline phosphate results were available from 1764 patients and there were 9096 subsequent serum phosphate measurements, a median of 6 per patient. For serum K there were 1701 baseline and 8773 subsequent measures, a median of 6 per patient. Abnormally high or low serum phosphate was more common than high or low serum K. Controlling for other factors found to affect mortality in this cohort, low phosphate which had not changed from the previous time interval was associated with increased mortality; the same was not true for high phosphate or for high or low K. Both increases and decreases in serum electrolytes from the previous time interval were generally associated with increased mortality, particularly in the electrolyte-supplemented group. The results suggest that changes in serum electrolytes, largely irrespective of the starting point and the direction of change, were more strongly associated with mortality than were absolute electrolyte levels. Although K and phosphate are required for tissue deposition during recovery from malnutrition, further studies are needed to determine whether specific supplements exacerbate physiologically adverse shifts in electrolyte levels during nutritional rehabilitation of ill malnourished HIV patients.
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Varyvoda, Ye S., I. Ya Orishchin, V. M. Lutsiv, V. Ye Varyvoda, B. R. Dzis, V. Ye Chaban, R. P. Dzis, and Ye Р. Karpovich. "Application of sorbitol based infusion preparation for normalization of water-electrolyte exchange in surgery patients with direct rectal cancer." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.1 (October 11, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.1-14.
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Objective. To study the effect of intravenous infusions of the complex drug Rheosorbilact polyfunctional action on the indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism in operated patients with rectal cancer after anterior resection of the rectum in the early postoperative period.
Materials and methods. Clinical application of the complex drug Rheosorbilact of multifunctional action was carried out in 30 patients with rectal cancer after the operation of anterior resection of the rectum in the early postoperative period. Studies of plasma electrolytes in operated patients were performed before surgery, on the 1st day after surgery, and on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th day after administration of the drug Rheosorbilact.
Results. As a result of studies in patients with colorectal cancer after anterior resection of the rectum in the first days after surgery revealed a decrease in potassium, sodium, calcium in blood plasma. To correct the indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism in operated patients after anterior resection of the rectum immediately after surgery intravenously injected infusion drug Rheosorbilact multifunctional action. After repeated, within 5 days, intravenous infusions of the drug Rheosorbilact, revealed normalization of the concentrations of potassium, sodium, calcium in blood plasma in operated patients with colorectal cancer.
Conclusions. Repeated intravenous infusions of the complex drug Rheosorbilact multifunctional action lead to normalization of water-electrolyte metabolism in patients with colorectal cancer after anterior resection of the rectum in the early postoperative period. Normalization of water-electrolyte metabolism in operated patients is confirmed by the content of potassium, sodium and calcium ions in the infusion drug Rheosorbilact. Rheosorbilact is recommended for widespread medical use in such patients, especially in the early postoperative period.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrolytes Metabolism"
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Fenn, Christine E. "Limiting factors in the performance of prolonged muscular exercise : the effectiveness of oral administration of fluid, electrolytes and substrate in improving endurance capacity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010305.
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The aim of these experiments was to investigate the effect of providing substrate in the form of CHO or fluid as water or a dilute glucose-electrolyte solution on the metabolic and circulatory changes during prolonged endurance exercise. It was hoped to establish the relative importance of fluid or substrate replacement in promoting endurance capacity. Subjects exercised significantly longer on a cycle ergometer when the glucose-electrolyte solution was given compared with the administration of large amounts of glucose or fructose in the form of polymer solutions. The effectiveness of the glucose-electrolyte solution in prolonging exercise time to exhaustion was not shown during exercise at high (33oC) and low (2oC) ambient temperatures. Fluid balance does not seem to be a priority during exercise at low ambient temperatures and exercise time in the heat was too short for the possible benefits of fluid replacement to occur. During 2h of moderate exercise (50% VO2max) at a high ambient temperature, the ingestion of the glucose-electrolyte solution was associated with the maintenance of plasma volume and minimal physiological disturbances which may limit performance. There was a tendency toward greater rectal temperatures and higher heart rates during rehydration with a hypertonic glucose polymer solution. The effect of fluid and substrate replacement during exercise performed over a range of intensities (50 - 70% VO2max) was investigated. It was suggested that the ingestion of a glucose polymer solution, in an attempt to provide glucose to the working muscle, may compromise fluid balance. The usefulness of carbohydrate feeding during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity where thermoregulation is a priority is questionable. The maintenance of plasma volume through the replacement of fluid losses during exercise seems to be the priority in the promotion of endurance capacity rather than the provision of carbohydrate.
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Lengert, Adriana Hauser. "Perfil Hemogasométrico, Comportamento Ingestivo e Eficiência Alimentar de Vacas Holandês versus Mestiças Holandês- Jersey no Periparto." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2016. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2550.
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Capes
More productive and efficient animals in the feed conversion and who can dribble more stressfull transition period are critical to improving performance in intensive milk production. Crossovers arise as an alternative by the search for healthier and more profitable animals. Blood gas analysis has a great importance on the evaluation of acidbase balance and electrolyte profile, providing essential information for the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases in domestic animal. Dairy cows are more susceptible to metabolic disorders on the transition period and blood gas analysis provides important information to decision making and prevention of the development of many disorders. The objective was to determinate and compare the blood gas profile, feeding behavior and feed efficiency of Holstein and crossbreeding Holstein x Jersey cows in postpartum. Weekly, blood samples were collected from 24 Holstein and crossbred Holstein x Jersey cows. After blood sampling, a complete blood gas analysis was performed including pH, bicarbonate (HCO3 -), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and ionized calcium throughout the portable clinical analyzer for blood gas analysis, I-STAT using the CG8 + cartridge. The ingestive behavior, dry matter intake and milk production was evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance with repeated measures, using the MIXED procedure of SAS statistical package. There were differences between genetic groups for pH values (P = 0.005), ionized calcium (P = 0.0203), base excess, BE (P = 0.0311), glucose (P = 0.0468) and hematocrit (P = 0.0209). The ionic calcium levels found were below the reference values throughout the evaluation period. However, crossbred cows showed higher levels of ionic calcium when compared to Holstein cows from prepartum period to parturition, being that and important health parameter of dairy cows, which is a positive characteristic feature on the choice for crossbreeding. The blood gas analysis has identified differences between Holstein and crossbred Holstein x Jersey cows in transition period. Crossbred cows Holstein x Jersey and Holstein cows have a similar dry matter intake and feed efficiency. Crossbred Holstein x Jersey cows tended to have higher feed efficiency for milk corrected to 4% fat and higher feed efficiency for fat production of. Crossbred Holstein x Jersey cows spend more time throughout the day feeding when compared to Holstein cows. Ruminations time was similar between Holstein and Holstein x Jersey cows
A busca por animais mais produtivos e eficientes na conversão de alimentos e que conseguem driblar mais os efeitos estressores do período de transição são fundamentais para melhorar o desempenho na produção intensiva de leite. Os cruzamentos surgem como uma alternativa pela busca de animais mais saudáveis e rentáveis. Vacas de leite no período de transição são muito suscetíveis a transtornos metabólicos, sendo que o exame hemogasométrico pode fornecer informações importantes, em nível de rebanho, para a tomada de decisão e prevenção da evolução de muitos distúrbios. O exame hemogasométrico é de grande importância na avaliação do equilíbrio ácido-básico e do perfil eletrolítico, fornecendo informações fundamentais para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico de várias enfermidades de animais domésticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e comparar o perfil hemogasométrico, o comportamento ingestivo e a eficiência alimentar de vacas Holandês e Holandês x Jersey no período de transição pré e pós-parto. Coletaram-se semanalmente, amostras de sangue de 24 vacas Holandês e mestiças Holandês x Jersey, entre duas semanas pré e oito semanas pós-parto. Após o parto, as vacas foram alojadas em baias individualmente. Avaliou-se o pH sanguíneo, bicarbonato (HCO3 -), pressão de dióxido de carbono (pCO2) e cálcio ionizado através do analisador clínico portátil de gases sanguíneos, I-STAT utilizando o cartucho CG8+. Avaliou-se também, o comportamento ingestivo, o consumo de matéria seca e a eficiência alimentar das vacas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com medidas repetidas no tempo, utilizando-se o procedimento MIXED do pacote estatístico SAS. Houve diferença entre grupamentos genéticos nos valores de pH (P = 0,005), cálcio iônico (P = 0,0203), excesso de base, BE (P = 0,0311), glicose (P = 0,0468) e hematócrito (P = 0,0209). Os níveis de cálcio iônico encontraram-se abaixo dos valores de referência ao longo de todo o período de avaliação, mas, as vacas mestiças apresentaram níveis superiores de cálcio iônico quando comparadas às vacas Holandês, do pré-parto ao parto. O exame hemogasométrico permitiu identificar diferenças entre vacas Holandês e mestiças Holandês x Jersey no período de transição. Vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey apresentam consumo de matéria seca diária e eficiência alimentar similar que as vacas puras Holandês. As vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey tiveram tendência de maior eficiência alimentar para produção de leite corrigido a 4% de gordura e maior eficiência alimentar para produção de gordura. Vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey passam mais tempo ao longo do dia se alimentando quando comparadas com as vacas Holandês, sem diferença no tempo de ruminação
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Radhakrishnan, Nitin. "Microfluidic biosensors for intelligent metabolite monitoring." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Radhakrishnan_09007dcc8042768c.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Tsintzas, Orestis-Konstantinos. "Influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on muscle metabolism and endurance running performance in man." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11739.
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Prolonged running is an activity associated with a wide range of sports and improvement in' running endurance is therefore important for those involved, The aims of the first and second studies were to investigate the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance running capacity and performance, In the first study (Chapter 4), seven experienced endurance runners ingested either water (W), a 6.9% carbohydrate (CHO) solution (B) or a 5.5% CHO solution (A) during 3 randomly assigned 42.2-km treadmill runs, 4 weeks apart. Running times for W, B and A trials were 193.9 ± 5.0 min, 192.4 ± 3.3 min and 190.0 ± 3.9 min, respectively. Performance time for the A trial was faster (p < 0.05) compared with that of the W trial. In the second study (Chapter 5), eleven recreational runners completed 3 randomly assigned treadmill runs at 70% V02 max to exhaustion, one week apart. On the first and second occasions a 5.5% (A) and 6.9% (C) CHO solutions were ingested for the first hour of exercise, water was then ingested until exhaustion. On the third occasion water (W) was ingested throughout the run. Performance times for the W, A and C trials were 109.6 ± 9.6 min, , 124.5 ± 8.4 min and 121.4 ± 9.4 min, respectively. Running time to exhaustion for the A trial was significantly longer (p < 0.05) compared with the W trial. The results of these studies suggested that the ergogenic effect of the 5.5% CHO solution was not associated with the prevention of a declining blood glucose concentration and CHO oxidation rate. In the third study (Chapter 6), the possibility that sparing of muscle glycogen could be the mechanism by which CHO ingestion exerts its ergogenic effect was investigated. Seven subjects consumed either a 5.5% carbohydrate solution (CHO) or water (W) during two 60-min treadmill runs at 70% V02 max a week apart. Biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at rest and 60 min for glycogen determination. A28% reduction in glycogen utilization was observed as a result of CHO ingestion when compared with W ingestion 008.7 ± 16.3 mmol.kg dry muscle (dm)-l vs 150.9 ± 19.9 mmol.kgdm-1 respectively, p < 0.01). In order to investigate the site of glycogen sparing, individual fibres were dissected and analysed for glycogen. The ingestion of the CHO solution resulted in sparing of glycogen in Type I (slow twitch) fibres only (38.1 % degradation of glycogen as opposed to 66.2% during the W trial, p = 0.01). This glycogen sparing in Type I fibres would only explain the delay in the onset of fatigue observed in the first two studies if glycogen depletion in these fibres was associated with fa tigue during prolonged running. In the fourth study (Chapter 7), eight subjects consumed either a 5.5% carbohydrate solution (CHO) or placebo (PL) during two treadmill runs at 75% V02 max to exhaustion performed one week apart. Biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at rest and exhaustion in the PL trial and at rest, the point coinciding with PL exhaustion and exhaustion in the CHO trial. Running times to exhaustion in the PL and CHO trials were 104.3 ± 8.6 min and 132.4 ± 12.3 min (p < 0.01). Higher glycogen concentration was observed at the point coinciding with PL exhaustion in the CHO trial when compared with the value measured at the point of exhaustion in the PL trial 025.6 ± 22.3 mmol.kg dm-1 vs 59.8 ± 7.9 mmol.kg dm -1 p < 0.05, respectively). This sparing of muscle glycogen was almost totally restricted to Type I fibres (87.1 ± 18 mmol.kg dm-1 in the CHO trial vs 31.6 ± 10.3 mmol.kg dm-1 in the PL trial, p < 0.01, respectively). In both the CHO and PL trials, fatigue coincided with glycogen depletion in Type I fibres (28.1 ± 7.1 mmol.kg dm-1 and 31.6 ± 10.3 mmol.kg dm-1, respectively). It was suggested, that the spared glycogen became available during the latter stages of the run and, therefore, could account for the improved endurance capacity and performance observed in studies I, 2 and 4 when the 5.5% CHO solution was ingested.
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." University of Sydney. Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.
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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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Ali, Ajmol. "The influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion on metabolism and soccer skill performance during and following prolonged intermittent exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6896.
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Although soccer is one of the more researched intermittent team sports, there is a surprisingly modest amount of information available on the effects of fatigue on skill performance. The main reasons for this are due to the problems of overcoming the barriers of controlling the many variables in the field and a lack of reliable and valid skill tests. The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle running Test (LIST) is a recently developed exercise protocol which closely simulates the demands of multiple-sprint sports such as soccer in a controlled environment. Furthermore, the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) and Loughborough Soccer Shooting Test (LSST) were developed (and modified further as part of this thesis, Chapters 5 and 6) and found to be reliable and valid indicators of soccer skill. Therefore, one of the main aims of this thesis was to investigate the influence of 90 min of the LIST on soccer skill performance. Early researchers (e. g. Karlsson, 1969 and Saltin, 1973) reported the -benefits of maintaining a high muscle glycogen content on soccer performance and more recent investigators looked at the effect of providing carbohydrate (CHO) during exercise on work rate and soccer skill. However, many of these experiments were completed in the field setting and used poor tests of skill. Therefore, the primary aim of these series of experiments was to determine the influence of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solution during the LIST on soccer skill performance. There was an 8% deterioration in LSPT performance following 90 min of intermittent high-intensity running, even with fluid ingestion (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ingestion of a CHO-E solution during exercise showed tendencies for better maintenance of skill performance towards the end of exercise. Moreover, CHO-E supplementation better maintained sprint performance and a higher relative exercise intensity during exercise (p<0.05). This is crucial in soccer perfon-nance, as players who are unable to sprint to get to the ball will be unable to perform the necessary skill. From the results of Chapters 5 and 6 it was found that the modified passing (LSPT) and goal-shooting (LSST) tests were valid and reliable tests of soccer skill. Moreover, they were found to be more repeatable when higher calibre players performed the tests. As in previous studies there was a speed-accuracy trade-off' in LSST performance i. e. subjects increased the time taken to complete each shot sequence and reduced the shot speed to maintain shooting accuracy post-LIST. There was a trend for CHO-E ingestion to maintain a better shot speed and time taken for each sequence. The ingestion of CHOE also reduced the perception of effort (p<0.05) and led to more positive feelings of affective valence during the last 30 min of the LIST. Therefore, based on these findings, it was concluded that the ingestion of CHO-E solutions over water alone should be encouraged to soccer players because of the tendency to better maintain soccer skill and the associated physiological, biochemical and psychological benefits during such exercise.
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Foskett, Andrew. "The influence of hypotonic carbohydrate electrolyte solutions on muscle metabolism and exercise capacity with regards to intermittent high intensity shuttle running." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7642.
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Performance and exercise capacity in prolonged continuous exercise has been shown to be enhanced by the ingestion of dilute (-6%) carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solutions during exercise. There is a wealth of literature on the effects of CHO-E solutions on prolonged, continuous exercise however this is not the case for highintensity intermittent exercise. One reason for this is the difficulty of replicating the demands of multiple-sprint sports within the laboratory. The development of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Running Test (LIST), a protocol that simulates the physiological demand of multiple-sprint sports, has allowed for further study in this area. Sports drinks contain a variety of different types of carbohydrate, including synthetic polymers of maltodextrins. The rationale for these is two-fold; firstly there is some evidence to suggest that these glucose polymers of low osmolality may empty faster than isoenergetic glucose solutions especially at dilute (-6%) concentrations. Secondly CHO-E solutions formulated from maltodextrins with low dextrose equivalents are less acidogenic and have lower cariogenic potential than simple glucose solutions, thus making them preferable for tooth health. Therefore the purpose of this thesis was to examine the effects of a 6.4% hypotonic synthetic polymer maltodextrin CHO-E solution on muscle metabolism and physiological performance during prolonged high-intensity intermittent running (LIST). This thesis contains four experimental studies. From the results of study 1 it was concluded that the ingestion of a 6.4% hypotonic CHO-E solution provided no ergogenic benefit to running capacity during the LIST despite blood and hormonal data suggesting that the solution was effective at delivering glucose. As isotonic CHO-E solutions have shown to have ergogenic properties during LIST running the purpose of study 2 was to compare isoenergetic hypotonic and isotonic CHO-E solutions during LIST running. The results from this study suggested that performance, as measured by exercise capacity and sprint speed, was not affected by either treatment. In study 3 the protocol was modified to extend the exercise duration so that a greater demand was placed on the subjects' glycogen reserves. The results from this study further confirmed that exercise capacity in LIST running was not influenced by CHO provision during exercise however the habitual CHO intake of the subjects may have masked any ergogenic properties of the CHO-E solution and led to increased performance in the control trials. In the final study the subjects' pre-trial exercise and dietary CHO intake was manipulated to increase endogenous glycogen concentrations. The results showed that in these subjects the ingestion of a 6.4% hypotonic CHO-E solution increased exercise capacity during the LIST by 21%. Muscle biopsy analyses revealed a lower net muscle glycogen utilisation in the CHO trial post-90 min (p=0.07). There is evidence in the literature to suggest that there is an ergogenic effect of CHO ingestion during the LIST. However the results presented in this thesis suggest that when endogenous glycogen stores are moderate the ingestion of a CHO-E solution may suppress lipid oxidation without a concomitant increase in CHO oxidation and thus LIST capacity is not enhanced. In contrast, when endogenous glycogen concentrations are elevated through dietary manipulation there is an ergogenic benefit from the ingestion of hypotonic CHO-E solutions during LIST exercise.
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Andrei, Georgiana Bardaşu. "Avaliação clínica da acidose metabólica : estudo de casos em animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7791.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA acidose metabólica é um desequilíbrio electrolítico muito frequente. O seu controlo e o restabelecimento do equilíbrio electrolítico são parte constante nas urgências veterinárias. Este estudo inclui uma amostra de 31 animais, dos quais 18 cães e 13 gatos. O estudo tem como objectivos a avaliação e reconhecimento das alterações electrolíticas e ácido-básicas em pacientes críticos, classificação do tipo de desequilíbrio e avaliação da resposta compensatória, relacionamento do tipo de patologia com os desequilíbrios ácido-básicos e avaliação da necessidade de instituir terapêutica alcalinizante. A detecção e avaliação de factores de risco em relação à morbilidade (dias de internamento) e fatalidade foram também tentados. As causas de acidose metabólica mais representadas nesta amostra foram a insuficiência renal (45%) e a diabetes mellitus, complicada ou não (19%). A restante patologia subjacente à acidose metabólica foi variada: patologia digestiva, intoxicações, hipoadrenocorticismo, neoplasia, obstrução urinária e golpe de calor. Apenas 14 (45%) dos animais tinham um diagnóstico primário de insuficiência renal. Porém, pode verificar-se que todos tinham compromisso da função renal, em estádios IRIS desde o grau 2 ao 4. Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa (p=0.037) entre os valores de ureia plasmática e a duração do internamento, mas não em relação ao desfecho do caso. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o sistema i-STAT®, com utilização dos cartuchos CG4+, permite uma caracterização do tipo de acidose metabólica presente em animais em cuidados intensivos, bem como a avaliação da necessidade de instituição de terapêutica alcalinizante, o que pode ser crítico em termos de sobrevivência de pacientes cujas causas primárias de acidose metabólica não sejam reversíveis. A dimensão relativamente pequena da amostra e a variabilidade das causas subjacentes à acidose metabólica acentuaram a dificuldade de interpretação das variáveis clínicas registadas e comprometeram a sua expressão estatística. O mesmo aconteceu em relação ao reconhecimento de factores de risco clínicos e laboratoriais de morbilidade e evolução dos casos.
ABSTRACT - Metabolic acidosis is a very common electrolyte imbalance. Its control and electrolyte correction are a constant part in veterinary emergency medicine. The present study includes a sample of 31 animals; 18 dogs and 13 cats. The goals were the evaluation and detection of electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in critical patients, classification of the type of acid-base imbalance as well as the compensatory response, relationship of the type of pathology present and the acid-base imbalance and the need to institute alkalinizing therapy. Furthermore, the detection and evaluation of risk factors for morbility and fatality were also pursued. The main causes of metabolic acidosis in our sample were renal failure (45%) and diabetes mellitus, simple or complicated (19%). The remainder primary causes of metabolic acidosis were varied: digestive conditions, poisoning, hypoadrenocorticism, neoplasia, urinary obstruction and heat stroke. Only 14 (45%) of the animals had a primary diagnosis of renal failure. However, all animals were found to have renal function compromise, in IRIS stages from 2 to 4. A statiscally significant association (p=0.037) between BUN and duration of internment was found, but not regarding the outcome. Our results suggest that the i-STAT® system, with the use of CG4+ cartridges, allows the characterization of the type of metabolic acidosis present in critical care animals, as well as the evaluation of the need to institute alkalinizing therapy, which may be essential in terms of survival in those patients whose primary causes of metabolic acidosis are not reversible. The small size of the sample used in this study and the variability of the underlying causes of metabolic acidosis hindered the interpretation of the clinical variables recorded and compromised its statistical expression. The same happened regarding the detection of clinical and laboratory risk factors towards morbility and outcome of the cases.
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Elalouf, Jean-Marc. "Regulation hormonale des fonctions physiologiques de la medullaire renale : effets de l'hormone antidiuretique, du glucagon, de la calcitonine et de l'hormone parathyroidienne." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077007.
Full textAbstract:
Etude chez le rat. Les hormones peptidiques agissent sur les memes cellules que la vasopressine au niveau du segment large ascendant de l'anse de heule (glucagon, calcitonine) et des canaux collecteurs corticaux (calcitonine) et participent a la constitution et au maintien du gradient intrarenal de pression osmotique. Elements nouveaux concernant le mecanisme de concentration de l'urine et sur le recyclage medullaire de k entre les canaux collecteurs et l'anse de heule des nephrons profonds
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"Effects of scutellariae radix extract and its major flavonoid baicalein on electrolyte transport across human colonic epithelia (T84 cells)." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891544.
Full textAbstract:
Yue Gar-Lee Grace.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-120).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (English version) --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Table of contents --- p.vi
List of figures --- p.x
List of tables --- p.xiii
List of abbreviations --- p.xiv
Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1. --- Transepithelial electrolyte transport in colon --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1. --- Intestinal fluid secretion --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2. --- Cellular mechanism of chloride secretion --- p.3
Chapter 1.2. --- Biological activities of flavonoids --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.1. --- Classification and general activities of flavonoids --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.2. --- Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of flavonoids --- p.8
Chapter 1.3. --- "What is Scutellariae radix""?" --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1. --- Usage in Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.2. --- Relationship with Coptidis rhizoma --- p.9
Chapter 1.4. --- Effect of flavonoids on gastrointestinal activities --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.1. --- Genistein and quercetin --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.2. --- Baicalein --- p.12
Chapter 1.5. --- Possible intracellular signaling pathway involved in the secretory response by Scutellariae radix (SR) in T84 cells --- p.14
Chapter 1.5.1. --- Human colonic T84 cell --- p.14
Chapter 1.5.2. --- Intracellular signaling pathway --- p.14
Chapter 1.6. --- Aim of study --- p.17
Chapter Chapter II : --- Methods and Materials --- p.18
Chapter II.1. --- Culture technique of the T84 cells --- p.18
Chapter II.2. --- Simultaneous measurement of short-circuit current (Isc) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) --- p.21
Chapter II.2.1. --- Experimental setup --- p.21
Chapter II.2.2. --- Preparation of the permeable supports --- p.23
Chapter II.2.3. --- Cell seeding --- p.27
Chapter II.2.4. --- Dye loading --- p.27
Chapter II.2.5. --- Simultaneous measurement of Isc and [Ca2+]i- --- p.30
Chapter II.3. --- Conventional short-circuit current (Isc) measurement --- p.34
Chapter II.3.1. --- Experimental setup --- p.34
Chapter II.3.2. --- Preparation of the permeable supports --- p.36
Chapter II.3.3. --- Cell seeding --- p.36
Chapter II.3.4. --- Measurement --- p.38
Chapter II.4. --- Measurement of cAMP --- p.39
Chapter II.5. --- Solutions and chemicals --- p.40
Chapter II.6. --- Statistical analysis --- p.42
Chapter Chapter III : --- Results --- p.43
Chapter III. 1. --- Effects of baicalein and its interaction with calcium and cAMP-dependent secretagogues --- p.43
Chapter III. 1.1. --- Effects of baicalein on baseline Isc and [Ca2+]i --- p.43
Chapter III. 1.2. --- Ionic basis of baicalein-evoked Isc --- p.43
Chapter III. 1.3. --- Effect of baicalein on carbachol-evoked Isc --- p.47
Chapter III. 1.4. --- "Effect of baicalein on Isc stimulated by another calcium mobilizing agonist, histamine" --- p.58
Chapter III. 1.5. --- Effect of carbachol on Isc response stimulated by baicalein --- p.61
Chapter III. 1.6. --- Chronic effect of baicalein on carbachol-evoked increase in Isc --- p.63
Chapter III.1.7. --- Interaction of baicalein with forskolin --- p.65
Chapter III.2. --- Effects of baicalein on cAMP generation in T84 cells --- p.69
Chapter III.2.1. --- Effects of baicalein on cAMP production --- p.69
Chapter III.2.2 --- Effects of baicalein on forskolin-induced cAMP production --- p.70
Chapter III.3. --- Effects of Scutellariae radix extract on ion transport activities in T84 cells --- p.73
Chapter III.3.1. --- Effects of Scutellariae radix extract (SRE) on baseline Isc --- p.73
Chapter III.3.2. --- Ionic basis of SRE-evoked Isc --- p.77
Chapter III.3.3. --- Effects of adenylate cyclase inhibitor and PKA inhibitor --- p.77
Chapter III.3.4. --- PKC modulation --- p.86
Chapter III.3.5. --- Involvement of intracellular calcium --- p.86
Chapter III.3.6. --- Involvement of cAMP --- p.94
Chapter Chapter IV : --- Discussion --- p.98
Chapter IV. 1. --- Effects of baicalein on ion transport in human colonic T84 cells --- p.98
Chapter IV. 1.1. --- Roles of baicalein in chloride secretion in intestinal epithelial cells --- p.98
Chapter IV. 1.2. --- Potentiation effect of baicalein on calcium-mediated chloride secretion --- p.100
Chapter IV. 1.3. --- Potentiation effect of carbachol on baicalein-stimulated chloride secretion --- p.102
Chapter IV. 1.4. --- Interaction between baicalein and forskolin --- p.104
Chapter IV.2. --- Effects of Scutellariae radix extract on ion transport in human colonic T84 cells --- p.107
Chapter IV.2.1 --- Characteristcs of Isc induced by Scutellariae radix extract --- p.107
Chapter IV.2.2. --- Possible signaling mechanism involved in Isc induced by Scutellariae radix extract --- p.108
Chapter IV.3. --- Comparison of the effects on ion transport in human colonic T84 cells produced by baicalein and Scutellariae radix extract --- p.110
Chapter IV.3.1. --- Properties of baicalein- and Scutellariae radix extract- induced Isc response --- p.110
Chapter IV.3.2. --- Summary --- p.111
Chapter Chapter V : --- References --- p.113
Publications --- p.120
Books on the topic "Electrolytes Metabolism"
1
Chernecky, Cynthia C. Fluids & electrolytes. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2002.
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Denise, Macklin, and Murphy-Ende Kathleen, eds. Fluids & electrolytes. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2006.
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3
Chernecky, Cynthia C. Fluids & electrolytes. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2001.
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4
A, Perazella Mark, ed. Acid-base, fluids and electrolytes. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division, 2008.
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5
Willatts, Sheila M. Lecture notes on fluid and electrolyte balance. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1987.
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Fluid and electrolytes in pediatrics: A comprehensive handbook. New York, NY: Humana Press, 2010.
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Jean, Weldy Norma, ed. Body fluids & electrolytes: A programmed presentation. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.
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Fluids and electrolytes with clinical applications: A programmed approach. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1986.
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Kee, Joyce LeFever. Fluids and electrolytes with clinical applications: A programmed approach. 5th ed. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, 1994.
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J, Paulanka Betty, ed. Fluids and electrolytes with clinical applications: A programmed approach. 6th ed. Albany: Delmar, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Electrolytes Metabolism"
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Bhattacharya, Bishwajit, and Linda L. Maerz. "Fluid and Electrolytes." In Surgical Metabolism, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39781-4_2.
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Bhattacharya, Bishwajit, and Linda L. Maerz. "Fluid and Electrolytes." In Surgical Metabolism, 23–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1121-9_2.
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McKay, Charles P. "Disorders of Calcium Metabolism." In Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics, 105–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-225-4_4.
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McKay, Charles P. "Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism." In Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics, 149–71. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-225-4_5.
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Thurman, Joshua M., and Tomas Berl. "Disorders of Water Metabolism." In Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance, 29–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3770-3_2.
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Davenport, Andrew, and Marc Vervloet. "Effects of Convective Dialysis Techniques on Electrolytes and Mineral Metabolism." In Hemodiafiltration, 121–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23332-1_11.
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Hariri, Ali, David B. Mount, and Ashghar Rastegar. "Disorders of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism." In Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance, 103–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3770-3_4.
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Higashi, Kenichiro, Hiroshi Asahisa, Hideomi Aimoto, and Yasutaka Noda. "Cerebral Metabolism in Hydrocephalic Animals: Comparison of water, electrolytes and energy metabolism in brain tissues between congenital and acquired hydrocephalic rats." In Annual Review of Hydrocephalus, 31–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11155-0_23.
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Eichelberger, Lillian, Thomas D. Brower, and Michael Roma. "The Distribution of Water, Electrolytes, Nitrogen and Chondroitin Sulphate in Hyaline Cartilages." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Hormonal Influences in Water Metabolism (Book II of Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 4), 560–78. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718797.ch16.
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Andersen, Olaf S. "Cellular Electrolyte Metabolism." In Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins, 580–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_223.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Electrolytes Metabolism"
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Chow, Raymond, George J. Nelson, and Jay L. Perry. "Electrolyzer Exergy Analysis for an Environmental Control and Life Support System." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88119.
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An exergy based analysis of the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) is conducted to assess its overall performance. Exergy is chosen as a measure of performance because it accounts for both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The exergy efficiency of a system is first defined as the total exergy destroyed by the system relative to the total exergy input to the system. To determine the ECLSS exergy efficiency, the system is divided into constituent subsystems which in turn are divided into assemblies and components. Based on this system decomposition, exergy balances are derived for each assembly or component. Exergy balances and supporting calculations are implemented in MATLAB® code. The major subsystems of the ECLSS considered in this analysis include the Atmosphere Revitalization Subsystem (ARS), Atmosphere Control and Supply Subsystem (ACS), Temperature and Humidity Control Subsystem (THC), Water Recovery and Management Subsystem (WRM), and Waste Management Subsystem (WM). This paper focuses on the ARS and its constituent assemblies and components. Exergy efficiency of the ARS and its constituent assemblies and components is first presented. The Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA), an assembly within the ARS, is then highlighted because the exergy destruction by the OGA is a large magnitude contributor to the overall exergy destruction of the ECLSS. The OGA produces oxygen to meet the crew’s metabolic demand via water electrolysis in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The exergy destruction of the OGA’s PEM electrolyzer is a function of the amount of oxygen produced, which determines the necessary current density and voltage drop across the PEM electrolyzer. In addition, oxygen production in the PEM electrolyzer requires deviation from the Nernst potential, presenting trade-offs between the exergy efficiency and critical life support functions. The results of parametric studies of PEM electrolyzer performance are presented with an emphasis on the impacts of polarization and operational conditions on exergy efficiency.
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García, MC Conde, JL Sanchez Serrano, B. Proy Vega, C. Notario Dongil, P. Araque Arroyo, and MT Gomez Lluch. "5PSQ-073 Review of metabolic and electrolytic alterations in patients with enteral nutrition." In Abstract Book, 23rd EAHP Congress, 21st–23rd March 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-eahpconf.427.
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Santhanakrishnan, Arvind, Trent Nestle, Brian Moore, Ajit P. Yoganathan, and Matthew L. Paden. "Characterization of a Low Extracorporeal Volume, High Accuracy Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Device." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80210.
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The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly seen in critically ill children, the origins of which may be traced to a wide range of conditions such as inborn errors of metabolism, sepsis, congenital heart defects, bone marrow and organ transplantation, and to a lesser extent from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [1]. It is vital to provide a form of fluid and electrolyte clearance in these patients until native renal function improves. Nearly 3,600 critically ill children per year with acute kidney injury receive life-saving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the United States. However, there is no CRRT device approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in pediatric patients. Thus, clinicians unsafely adapt adult CRRT devices for use in the pediatric patients due to lack of safer alternatives. Complications observed with using adult adapted CRRT devices in children include hypotension, hemorrhage, thrombosis, temperature instability, inaccurate fluid balance between ultrafiltrate (UF) removed from and replacement fluid (RF) delivered to the patient, electrolyte disorders, and alteration of drug clearance. This research addresses this unmet clinical need through the design, mechanical and biological characterization of a pediatric specific Kidney Injury and Dysfunction Support (KIDS) CRRT device that provides high accuracy in fluid balance, reduces extracorporeal blood volume, and eliminates other problems associated with using adapted adult CRRT devices in children.