Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Électrolytes alcalins'
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Arquetoux, Patrick. "Détermination électrochimique des propriétés thermodynamiques de mélange dans les feldspaths alcalins vitreux." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0079.
Full textColombani, Jean. "Etude de la thermodiffusion et des couplages convectifs dans les électrolytes aqueux." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10129.
Full textEl, Hachadi Ahmed. "Nucléation et croissance de la glace dans l'électrolyte LiCl, RH2O, R > 6, défini comme un milieu hétérogène composé de microdomaines d' "eau" et de LiCl,6H2O." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10109.
Full textDjoufac, Woumfo Emmanuel. "Comportement électrochimique de l'électrode de zinc en milieu basique concentré et applications aux accumulateurs alcalins." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10148.
Full textCourt-Castagnet, Régine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence du dopage homogène et hétérogène sur les propriétés de transport ionique des halogénures de lithium LiCl, LiBr et LiI." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10505.
Full textFeynerol, Vincent. "Traitement de minerais de fer par lixiviation alcaline suivi de leur électrolyse en milieu alcalin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0163.
Full textAn innovative ironmaking process by alkaline electrolysis of suspended iron oxides is being developed at ArcelorMittal Global R&D Maizières-lès-Metz. Were it to achieve industrial maturity, this process would permit a significant reduction of steelmaking CO2 emissions. Indeed, the use of carbon as a reducing agent in blast furnace would be replaced by electricity. Although this process enables iron production from commercial hematite (Fe2O3) at current density of 1000 A.m-2 with faradaic efficiency higher than 80%, these performances are systematically lower when using iron ore instead. The main impurities in these ores are aluminium and silicon oxides and hydroxides, these compounds are soluble in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions. These compounds could be the source of the decrease in reactivity observed when feeding the process with iron ores. To raise the electrolysis performance with iron ores, alkaline leaching treatments were conducted on a defined iron ore. Reactivity of iron ores before and after treatment was compared by chronoamperometry. Although the elimination of aluminous compounds resulted in the ore gaining a faradaic yield increase to a value of 80%, compared with 65% before treatment, its current density remained twice as low as the one of hematite for a same applied voltage. Furthermore, complementary experiments of aluminate and silicate ions addition during pure hematite electrolysis did not have any deleterious effect on its electrolysis. Based on all the experiments undertaken in this PhD, it seems unlikely that siliceous and aluminous impurities hold an important effect on iron ore reactivity in alkaline electrolysis. The process is nonetheless very sensitive to iron ores granulometry. On this subject, strong agglomeration phenomena were witnessed when measuring iron ores granulometry but did not occur with pure iron oxides. Therefore, it would seem that other phenomena may be the main cause of reactivity loss, these phenomena may well be linked to secondary granulometry of iron ores in concentrated alkaline media. In parallel, an advanced thermodynamic analysis was carried out to describe the best theoretical conditions for pressure, temperature and NaOH concentration to realize hematite electrolysis. Gangue compounds solubility was represented with Pitzer equations, and new parameters were calculated for Na-SiO3-Al(OH)4 interactions. This thermodynamic study enabled the design and pre-sizing of a treatment step for iron ores by alkaline leaching
Doche, Marie-Laure. "Étude d'anodes pour générateur aluminium-air à électrolyte alcalin." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0024.
Full textPătru, Alexandra. "Développement de catalyseurs pour un électrolyseur alcalin H2/O2." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20012.
Full textThe PhD work, presented in this manuscript, is devoted to the study of new electrode materials for alkaline water electrolysis.The aim of this study is to develop new electrocatalysts based on non-noble metals. These catalysts are designed to improve the kinetics of the reactions involved in the water splitting: hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The improvement of catalytic reaction results in the decrease of the overpotentials and therefore the saving of energy needed for hydrogen production. To do that, nickel and cobalt nanoparticles were used for HER, and Co3O4 nanoparticles for OER. The development of several innovative methods for electrode formulation (deposition by electrophoresis and composites electrodes based on a functional organic binder) reduced the overpotential reactions. For a current density of 100 mA cm-2, -286 mV of cathodic overpotential is needed for composites electrodes based on nickel nanoparticles, -238 mV for a Co-based electrode made by electrophoresis and 323 mV of anodic overpotential for a Co3O4 -based composite electrode. A detailed electrochemical study was made for HER on various morphologies of nickel nanoparticles
Jamard, Romain. "Systèmes catalytiques pour pile à combustible alcaline à électrolyte solide alimentée en borohydrure de sodium." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2284.
Full textThe present work is concerned with the search of adapted catalyst for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell. First, a reference system is developed. It was necessary for the reliability of this method of manufacturing the anode to obtain reproducible performances. This reference system has shown a problem of fuel stability, which spontaneously hydrolyzes at the anodic catalyst. On the other hand, aging tests showed that the decrease in cell potential over time was associated with damages of cathode and electrolyte. At the anode, the use of iridium nanoparticles deposited on carbon leads to a reduction of the parasitic reaction (hydrolysis of sodium borohydride) and therefore increases the faradic efficiency of the DBFC. According to the study of the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium on different metallic macrocycles, it has been shown that iron phtalocyanine deposited on a carbon Vulcan XC72 has excellent activity for this reaction. Moreover, this catalyst seems very tolerant to the presence of sodium borohydride. A DBFC working with this material as cathodic catalyst has achieved excellent performances and stability
Grégoire, Yanick. "Électrolyse de l'eau en milieu alcalin à l'aide d'électrodes produites par plasma H.F." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ35735.pdf.
Full textAgel, Eric. "Electrode à air électrolyte solide polymère alcalin pour piles à combustible et générateur métal-air." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077002.
Full textDuan, Yan. "Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for Co based transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS416.
Full textThe development of efficient electrocatalysts to lower the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of fundamental importance in improving the overall efficiency of fuel production by water electrolysis. Among a plethora of catalysts being studied on, transition metal oxides / hydroxides that exhibit reasonable activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte have been identified as catalysts to potentially overpass the activity of expensive Ir- and Ru- based oxides. Understanding the OER for transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes paves the way for better design of low cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts. This dissertation, with three different work on Co-based oxides / hydroxides, studies and deepens the understanding of the bulk properties, surface properties of materials and interfacial properties on OER. Firstly, with Fe substitution, it addresses tuning the eg configuration of metal cations in LaCoO3 where adjusting the metal 3d oxygen 2p covalency can bring benefits to the OER performance. Secondly, with Ni substitution in ZnCo2O4, it demonstrates a change in relative position of O p-band and MOh d-band centre which induces a change in stability as well as the possibility for lattice oxygen to participate in the OER. Finally, with La1-xSrxCoO3 series, CoOOH and Fe-containing CoOOH as examples, the impact of the electrolyte has been explored by the study of reaction kinetics parameters. With a better understanding of how material properties and dynamic environment influence the OER activity and mechanism, we can obtain more efficient OER catalysts for better energy infrastructure
Duchateau, Anne. "Réduction par électrolyse de nanoparticules d’oxydes de fer en milieu alcalin à 110°C." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066533.
Full textIron oxides play an important role in steel industry as precursors of iron. The current iron production process in blast furnaces is responsible for 3 to 5% of the world CO2 rejections. Reducing the iron oxides in suspension by electrolysis in strongly alkaline medium (18 M) at 110°C is a promising way to lower the CO2 rejections while improving steel production efficiency, that has been studied for years. The aim of this work is the determination of the most reliable oxide concerning metallic iron production and a more accurate comprehension of the electrolytic reduction mechanisms in order optimize the production process. The experiments are carried out on iron oxides nanoparticles (hematite, goethite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite, magnetite) synthesized according to well known methods which allow us to obtain perfectly defined objects concerning the structure, size and morphology. Hematite is the only oxide to be stable in the 18 M sodium hydroxide solution for a long lasting period. The ageing of the other iron oxides nanoparticles in hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution led to the formation of sodium ferrite NaFeO2, the transformation duration depending on the starting iron oxide. NaFeO2 precipitation competes with the reduction reaction and lead to less reproducibility and/or less good performances. Indeed, the dissolved ferric species are the intermediates of the reduction by electrolysis mechanism and ions consumption by NaFeO2 precipitation is obviously harmful to metallic iron production. The most reliable oxides are commercial Hematite particles because of the good yields and the important metallic iron weights obtained with reproducibility
Bear, Nicolas. "Analyse thermique de la stabilité d'oxydes d'uranium et de leurs réactions avec des fluorures alcalins." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112280.
Full textThe conversion of uranium into uranium hexafluoride gas involves many chemical steps of the existing process. The objective of this study is to simplify these steps to produce the uranium fluoride directly in gaseous form by electrolysis of a salt of uranium dissolved in a molten fluoride salt mixture (mixture of potassium, sodium and lithium fluoride called FLiNaK). After a thermodynamic study on the feasibility of direct electrolytic production of uranium hexafluoride gas, the composition of the electrolytic bath is determined. Thermal analysis will allow to consider melts containing uranium compounds and alkali fluorides in determining the thermodynamic parameters and temperatures (melting, recrystallization) needed to define the optimal composition of the electrolytic bath
Massot, Laurent. "Elaboration de carbure de tantale par voie électrolytique en milieux fluorurés alcalins fondus." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30234.
Full textGieu, Jean-Baptiste. "Étude des interfaces électrode/électrolyte des batteries lithium-ion : cas de l'électrode à base de Li4Ti5O12." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3043/document.
Full textLithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been considered as the solution of choice for energy storage in numerous applications. Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) compound is an alternative to the widely used graphite, as a negative electrode material. For potential high temperature applications, the study of interfacial layers formed on top of LTO electrodes in such conditions is a necessary step. The formation of such surface layers is commonly observed in lithium-ion batteries and their properties are critical for maintaining good batteries performances. Therefore, LTO electrodes surfaces were mainly analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and complementary measurements were performed by Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) for the acquisition of elemental mappings and by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ions Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for depth profile analysis. Surface analysis results were systematically linked to electrochemical data. The influence of several parameters was investigated for LTO electrodes cycled versus lithium. The comparison of surface layers formed during the first cycle at room temperature, 60 °C and 85 °C showed that higher cycling temperatures induce the formation of a thicker layer. The use of a VC-containing electrolyte accelerates the formation of a thicker layer since the first cycle, less prone to dissolution during delithiation and susceptible to enhance the capacity retention for long cycling. Substitution of LiPF6 lithium salt by LiTFSI leads to the formation of thinner layer, which is mainly due to a lower amount of deposited LiF. Similar results are obtained for the substitution of EC:DMC solvants by PC:EMC. Furthermore, the higher the specific surface of the electrode carbonaceous additive is, the higher the share of LiF in the interfacial layer composition is, even if its thickness remains similar. Finally, the behavior of electrode/electrolyte interfaces was studied in a LiMn2O4 /Li4Ti5O12 full cell. Interfacial layers are formed on the surface of both electrodes. Nevertheless, the layer on the positive electrode is thinner than the one on the negative electrode. Their composition are similar except for MnF2 compound, coming from LiMn2O4 dissolution at the positive electrode, which is only detected on the negative electrode. This work could be continued with the study of electrodes based on coated LTO particles. Moreover, a greater synergy between three characterization techniques used in this work could be promoted
Song, Yang. "Design of metal silicide nanoparticles in molten salts : electrocatalytic and magnetic properties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS498.pdf.
Full textTransition metal silicides are a family of intermetallic compounds, which have been widely studied as functional materials in integrated circuits, thermoelectricity, superconductivity, magnetism and heterogeneous catalysis. Nanostructuration offers the opportunity to extend the frontier of silicon-based materials science with novel phases and diverse properties. However, building transition metal silicides encompassing relatively high energy bonds usually requires high temperatures, which are not conducive for nanomaterial design and not compatible with the traditional colloidal synthesis methods. In this thesis, molten salts syntheses based on element insertion into nanoparticles are developed. Transition metal silicide nanoparticles (M-Si, M=Ni, Fe, NiFe, Co) and a ternary nickel silicophosphide are crystallized in high temperature inorganic solvents, where a diluted and carbon-free environment is provided. The obtained silicide nanoparticles are investigated in electrocatalysis of alkaline water oxidation and magnetism. NiFe silicides demonstrate outstanding activity and stability arising from an original in situ generated core-shell-shell structure, while defect-rich CoSi nanoparticles show an unusual surface related ferromagnetism. Moreover, the study of silicophosphide nanoparticles provides an insight in multinary material design in molten salts and the role of nonmetal elements in overall alkaline water splitting electrocatalysis
Ryabova, Anna. "Électrocatalyse de la réduction de l'oxygène et du peroxyde d'hydrogène sur les oxydes de manganèse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF011/document.
Full textManganese oxides are of great interest due to their catalytic activity towards the ORR (the oxygen reduction reaction) in alkaline media and can be used as noble metal-free materials for the cathode in liquid and polymer electrolyte alkaline fuel cells. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity of manganese oxides. It was shown that Mn2O3 with bixbyite structure has a better catalytic activity toward the ORR in alkaline media than other investigated manganese oxide, the surface activity of Mn2O3 is only 4 times lower than that of Pt at an overvoltage of 0.3 V (RHE). The link between the structure of Mn oxides and the ORR activity is found: the specific ORR activity exponentially increases with the potential of the surface Mn(III)/Mn(IV) red-ox couple. To ensure the high electrocatalytic activity of Mn2O3, it is necessary to add carbon to the electrode composition, as well as to keep potential above 0.7 V (RHE)
Chatenet, Marian. "Cathode à air pour l’électrolyse chlore-soude." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0094.
Full textThis manuscript deals with a preliminary work on air-cathode use in the brine electrolysis process, the utilization of which would enable substantial energy savings. The oxygen transport parameters in industrial medium (11,1 M NaOH at 80 °C) and the studied catalysts (Pt/C, Ag/C, Ag-Pt/C) physical characteristics have firstly been measured. Then, their electrochemical behavior toward oxygen reduction has been determined. An order of the reaction equal to unity with respect to oxygen and a positive effect of the medium temperature have been confirmed. Otherwise, a soda concentration increase is favorable to silver but detrimental for platinum. In consequence, silver activity corrected from the oxygen solubility (70 times lower in industrial medium) improves sharply when both the medium temperature and concentration increase. Although it is 20 times lower in 1 M NaOH at 25 °C, it almost reaches those of platinum in industrial medium, which is interesting at an economic point of view. An explanation would be the increase of the inhibiting oxide coverage on platinum in concentrated soda solutions. Else, the catalysts ageing-behavior shows a larger particles aggregation for platinum than for the bimetallic catalyst, even more important under open-circuit voltage than in electrolysis conditions. Finally, newly-shaped gas diffusion-electrodes have been tested on our laboratory pilot-cell. The various trials performed, from the Design Of Experiments method use, led to a better knowledge of their optimal structure, whereas a numeric model allowed a better understanding of their behavior under operation
Poux, Tiphaine. "Study of the oxygen reduction on perovskite-type oxides in alkaline media." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF001/document.
Full textThe sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is largely responsible for the energy losses in energy conversion systems such as fuel cells. Among possible inexpensive catalysts for the ORR, perovskite oxides are promising electrocatalysts in alkaline media. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity, mechanism and stability of some Co and Mn-based perovskites. The rotating (ring) disk electrode (R(R)DE) studies of the ORR and the HO2- transformations on perovskite/carbon thin layers in NaOH electrolyte prove that O2 is reduced to OH- via a “series” pathway with the HO2- intermediate. For high oxide loadings, the formed HO2- species are further reduced to give a global 4 electron pathway. In these electrodes, carbon plays a dual role. It increases the electrocatalytic activity by improving the electrical contact and it is involved in the ORR mechanism by catalyzing the reduction of O2 into HO2-, especially for Co-based perovskites which display lower reaction rates than Mn-based perovskites