Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrolyte liquid

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electrolyte liquid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrolyte liquid"

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Kamaluddin, Norashima, Famiza Abdul Latif, and Chan Chin Han. "The Effect of HCl Concentration on the Ionic Conductivity of Liquid PMMA Oligomer." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.200.

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To date gel and film type polymer electrolytes have been widely synthesized due to their wide range of electrical properties. However, these types of polymer electrolytes exhibit poor mechanical stability and poor electrode-electrolyte contact hence deprive the overall performance of a battery system. Therefore, in order to indulge the advantages of polymer as electrolyte, a new class of liquid-type polymer electrolyte was synthesized and investigated. To date this type of polymer electrolytre has not been extensively studied. This is due to the unavailability of liquid polymer for significance application. In this study, liquid poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrolyte was synthesized using the simplest free radical polymerization technique using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. It was found that this liquid PMMA oligomer has potential as electrolyte in proton battery when doped with small volume of various molarity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in which the highest ionic conductivity achieved was 10-7 S/cm at room temperature. The properties of this liquid PMMA oligomer were further investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
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Cho, Jungsang, Gautam Ganapati Yadav, Meir Weiner, Jinchao Huang, Aditya Upreti, Xia Wei, Roman Yakobov, et al. "Hydroxyl Conducting Hydrogels Enable Low-Maintenance Commercially Sized Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 Batteries for Use in Solar Microgrids." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030417.

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Zinc (Zn)–manganese dioxide (MnO2) rechargeable batteries have attracted research interest because of high specific theoretical capacity as well as being environmentally friendly, intrinsically safe and low-cost. Liquid electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, are historically used in these batteries; however, many failure mechanisms of the Zn–MnO2 battery chemistry result from the use of liquid electrolytes, including the formation of electrochemically inert phases such as hetaerolite (ZnMn2O4) and the promotion of shape change of the Zn electrode. This manuscript reports on the fundamental and commercial results of gel electrolytes for use in rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries as an alternative to liquid electrolytes. The manuscript also reports on novel properties of the gelled electrolyte such as limiting the overdischarge of Zn anodes, which is a problem in liquid electrolyte, and finally its use in solar microgrid applications, which is a first in academic literature. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic tests with the optimized gel electrolyte showed higher capacity retention compared to the tests with the liquid electrolyte, suggesting that gel electrolyte helps reduce Mn3+ dissolution and zincate ion migration from the Zn anode, improving reversibility. Cycling tests for commercially sized prismatic cells showed the gel electrolyte had exceptional cycle life, showing 100% capacity retention for >700 cycles at 9.5 Ah and for >300 cycles at 19 Ah, while the 19 Ah prismatic cell with a liquid electrolyte showed discharge capacity degradation at 100th cycle. We also performed overdischarge protection tests, in which a commercialized prismatic cell with the gel electrolyte was discharged to 0 V and achieved stable discharge capacities, while the liquid electrolyte cell showed discharge capacity fade in the first few cycles. Finally, the gel electrolyte batteries were tested under IEC solar off-grid protocol. It was noted that the gelled Zn–MnO2 batteries outperformed the Pb–acid batteries. Additionally, a designed system nameplated at 2 kWh with a 12 V system with 72 prismatic cells was tested with the same protocol, and it has entered its third year of cycling. This suggests that Zn–MnO2 rechargeable batteries with the gel electrolyte will be an ideal candidate for solar microgrid systems and grid storage in general.
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Gajewski, Piotr, Wiktoria Żyła, Klaudia Kazimierczak, and Agnieszka Marcinkowska. "Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Application in Electrochemical Capacitors." Gels 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2023): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070527.

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Electrochemical capacitors operating in an aqueous electrolyte solution have become ever-more popular in recent years, mainly because they are cheap and ecofriendly. Additionally, aqueous electrolytes have a higher ionic conductivity than organic electrolytes and ionic liquids. These materials can exist in the form of a liquid or a solid (hydrogel). The latter form is a very promising alternative to liquid electrolytes because it is solid, which prevents electrolyte leakage. In our work, hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) were obtained via photopolymerization of a mixture of acrylic oligomer Exothane 108 with methacrylic acid (MAA) in ethanol, which was later replaced by electrolytes (1 M Na2SO4). Through the conducted research, the effects of the monomers ratio and the organic solvent concentration (ethanol) on the mechanical properties (tensile test), electrolyte sorption, and ionic conductivity were examined. Finally, hydrogel polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity (σ = 26.5 mS∙cm−1) and sufficient mechanical stability (σmax = 0.25 MPa, εmax = 20%) were tested using an AC/AC electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC). The electrochemical properties of the devices were investigated via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results show the application potential of the obtained HPE in EDLC.
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Ru, Chen. "Research on the regeneration technology of etching waste solution." E3S Web of Conferences 338 (2022): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233801051.

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With the increase in the use of electronic products, the consumption of circuit boards also increased sharply, the amount of waste liquid discharged in the process of producing circuit boards will follow the increase, and these waste liquids, if discharged directly, not only cause a great waste of resources, but also cause serious water pollution, soil pollution, and thus with the food chain into the body of people and animals, seriously endangering human health, so we need to Therefore, we need to recycle and utilize this resource. In this paper, we adopt the recycling treatment system to transport the waste solution from the production line to the electrolyzer, and the overflow tank stores the electrolyte discharged from the production line. We adopt the waste electrolyte after treating the micro-etching waste solution for waste solution recycling treatment, and electrolyze the micro-etching waste solution again after treatment, and use it repeatedly to improve the utilization rate of electrolyte.
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LI, X. D., X. J. YIN, C. F. LIN, D. W. ZHANG, Z. A. WANG, Z. SUN, and S. M. HUANG. "INFLUENCE OF I2 CONCENTRATION AND CATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF QUASI-SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS WITH THERMOSETTING POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTE." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 04 (August 2010): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006831.

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Thermosetting polymer gel electrolytes (TPGEs) based on poly(acrylic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PAA-PEG) hybrid were prepared and applied to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) were used as solvents for liquid electrolytes and LiI and KI as iodide source, separately. The microstructure of PAA-PEG shows a well swelling ability in liquid electrolyte and excellent stability of the swollen hybrid. The TPGE was optimized in terms of the liquid electrolyte absorbency and ionic conductivity photovoltaic performance. Quasi-solid-state DSCs containing TPGE with optimized KI electrolyte show higher efficiency, voltage, fill factor, and lower photocurrent than those with LiI electrolyte. The related mechanism was discussed. A quasi-solid-state DSC fabricated with optimized polymer gel electrolyte obtained an overall energy conversion efficiency of 4.90% under irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 (AM1.5).
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Eldesoky, A., A. J. Louli, A. Benson, and J. R. Dahn. "Cycling Performance of NMC811 Anode-Free Pouch Cells with 65 Different Electrolyte Formulations." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 120508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac39e3.

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Liquid electrolytes for anode-free Li metal batteries (LMBs) provide a cost-effective path to high energy density. However, liquid electrolytes are challenging due to the reactivity of Li0 with the electrolyte and the resulting Li loss, as well as mossy Li deposits leading to inactive Li and dendrite formation. Thus, more research is needed to develop electrolytes capable of 80 % capacity retention after 800 cycles to meet electric vehicle (EV) demands. Here, we report cycle life results from 65 electrolyte mixtures consisting of various additives or co-solvents added to a dual-salt base electrolyte previously reported by our group. We tested these electrolyte systems using a practical anode-free pouch cell design with a high-loading (16 mg cm−2, or 3.47 mAh cm-2) LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode, with a bare Cu foil as the counter electrode. All cells in this work were cycled at 40 °C with 0.2C/0.5C charge/discharge rates between 3.55–4.40 V. Based on the total energy delivered over 140 cycles, only four electrolytes showed marginal improvement over the baseline, while the other electrolytes were uncompetitive. This data set can serve as a guide for LMB researchers investigating electrolyte systems and highlights the challenges associated with liquid electrolytes.
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Bhardwaj, Ravindra Kumar, and David Zitoun. "Recent Progress in Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Metal(Li/Na)–Sulfur Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020110.

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Metal–sulfur batteries, especially lithium/sodium–sulfur (Li/Na-S) batteries, have attracted widespread attention for large-scale energy application due to their superior theoretical energy density, low cost of sulfur compared to conventional lithium-ion battery (LIBs) cathodes and environmental sustainability. Despite these advantages, metal–sulfur batteries face many fundamental challenges which have put them on the back foot. The use of ether-based liquid electrolyte has brought metal–sulfur batteries to a critical stage by causing intermediate polysulfide dissolution which results in poor cycling life and safety concerns. Replacement of the ether-based liquid electrolyte by a solid electrolyte (SEs) has overcome these challenges to a large extent. This review describes the recent development and progress of solid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li/Na-S batteries. This article begins with a basic introduction to metal–sulfur batteries and explains their challenges. We will discuss the drawbacks of the using liquid organic electrolytes and the advantages of replacing liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes. This article will also explain the fundamental requirements of solid electrolytes in meeting the practical applications of all solid-state metal–sulfur batteries, as well as the electrode–electrolyte interfaces of all solid-state Li/Na-S batteries.
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Reber, David, Oleg Borodin, Maximilian Becker, Daniel Rentsch, Johannes H. Thienenkamp, Rabeb Grissa, Wengao Zhao, et al. "Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022161mtgabs.

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The water-in-salt concept has significantly improved the electrochemical stability of aqueous electrolytes, and the hybridization with organic solvents or ionic liquids has further enhanced their reductive stability.[1] Here, we open a large design space by introducing succinonitrile as a cosolvent in water/ionic liquid/succinonitrile hybrid electrolytes. Via addition of the nitrile, electrolyte performance metrics such as electrochemical stability, conductivity, or cost can be tuned, and salt solubility limits can be fully circumvented. We elucidate the solution structure of two select hybrid electrolytes and highlight the impact of each electrolyte component on the final formulation, showing that excess ionic liquid fractions decrease the lithium transport number, while excess nitrile addition reduces electrochemical stability and yields flammable electrolytes. If component ratios are tuned appropriately, high electrochemical stability is achieved and aqueous Li4Ti5O12 - LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cells show excellent cycling stability with a maximum energy density of ca. 140 Wh/kg of active material, and Coulombic efficiencies of close to 99.5% at 1C. Furthermore, strong rate performance over a wide temperature range, facilitated by the fast conformational dynamics of succinonitrile, with a capacity retention of 53% at 10C relative to 1C is observed.[2] References: [1] Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Reber, D.; Aribia, A.; Battaglia, C.; Kühnel, R.-S., The hydrotropic effect of ionic liquids in water‐in‐salt electrolytes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 2021, 60, 14100. [2] Reber, D.; Borodin, O.; Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Thienenkamp, J.H.; Grissa, R.; Zhao, W.; Aribia, A.; Brunklaus, G.; Battaglia, C.; Kühnel, R.-S., Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes for Aqueous Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 2112138.
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Yahya, Wan Zaireen Nisa, Pang Zhen Hong, Wan Zul Zahran Wan Mohd Zain, and Norani Muti Mohamed. "Tripropyl Chitosan Iodide-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte as Quasi Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 997 (June 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.69.

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Electrolyte as one of the major components in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) plays an important role in dye regeneration and as the inner charge carrier transport between electrodes. Gel polymer electrolyte is a potential alternative to liquid electrolytes which suffer of leakage and solvent evaporation. In this present research, functionalization of chitosan by the quaternization reaction of chitosan with iodopropane forming tripropyl chitosan iodide is proposed for the preparation of gel polymer electrolyte. Tripropyl chitosan iodide was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Four different polymer electrolytes were tested at different compositions in presence of iodide/triiodide redox salt and imidazolium ionic liquid in DSSCs configurations. The results show that the gel polymer electrolyte containing the tripropyl chitosan iodide in presence of 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid showed better performance with power conversion efficiency of 0.415% as compared to the gel polymer electrolyte film without ionic liquid with power conversion efficiency of 0.075%. The results shown the synergistic effects of the polycationic tripropyl chitosan iodide with the ionic liquid 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide on the photovoltaic performance.
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Park, Habin, Anthony Engler, Nian Liu, and Paul Kohl. "Dynamic Anion Delocalization of Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023227mtgabs.

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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been considered as next-generation energy storages due to their extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1). However, current LMBs, using conventional liquid electrolytes, still could not fulfill the demand of soaring expansion of energy era, such as electrical vehicles, because of their safety issues, originated by uncontrollable electrolytic side reaction on the lithium, resulting unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and vicious lithium dendritic growth [1]. Also, carbonate-based liquid electrolytes have an intrinsic flammability, and the lithium dendrite, which short-circuits a cell, can lead to severe safety hazard with the unfavorable flammability of current liquid system when they are ignited. Therefore, solid-state electrolytes have been spotlighted recently for a pathway for safe, and high energy and power LMBs, due to their superior thermal stability and low vapor pressure, while maintaining suitable electrolytic performances. In this study, solid-state single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SICPEs), utilizing dynamic anion delocalization (DAD), realizing high ionic conductivity and dimensional stability for high-performance LMB, are studied. The SICPEs enable superior lithium transference number, resulting in highly reduced concentration gradient of lithium cation along the electrolyte to suppress the undesirable lithium dendritic growth. However, SICPEs have prominently lower ionic conductivity than dual-ion conducting polymer electrolyte (DICPEs), which is a critical issue to make a slower charge/discharge for SICPEs [2]. Although an approach utilizing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), using a liquid solvent as a plasticizer, has been exploited to increase the ionic conductivity of SICPEs, GPEs have struggled with lower mechanical stability, compared to solid state, and still existing flammability issue with the plasticizer. The novel plasticizer, which is described here, can interact with bulky anionic polymer matrix, so that the negative charge can be dispersed onto the whole complex by DAD. Once the bulky complex is formed by DAD, the dissociation of lithium cation from anionic matrix can be easier with the decreased activation energy and higher ionic conduction. While increasing the ionic conductivity with DAD, the nature of polymeric plasticizer will highly suppress flammability. DAD allows the membrane endure more tensile strength due to the dynamic structural change in crosslinking state, so that the polymer electrolyte can tolerate dendritic growth of lithium by morphological change on an electrode surface. The obvious advantages of DAD-induced solid polymer electrolytes in this study for a high energy and power, and ultra-safe LMB can present a novel approach of polymer electrolyte design to the astronomical demand of energy storages. [1] F. Ahmed, I. Choi, M.M. Rahman, H. Jang, T. Ryu, S. Yoon, L. Jin, Y. Jin, W. Kim, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 34930-34938. [2] D.-M. Shin, J.E. Bachman, M.K. Taylor, J. Kamcev, J.G. Park, M.E. Ziebel, E. Velasquez, N.N. Jarenwattananon, G.K. Sethi, Y. Cui, J.R. Long, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1905771.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrolyte liquid"

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Wakizaka, Yasuaki. "EMITFSI, an ionic liquid electrolyte for lithium batteries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484958.

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The ionic liquid, l-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (EMITFSI) was studied as an electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. This work focused on two main topics: cathodic stability and lithium ion transport. The ionic liquid was synthesised and purified until Br < 40 ,vtppm, H20 < 2 ppm. Effects of water on the cathodic stability limit were studied using a platinum microdisc electrode and a :gold microdisc electrode array. The response of the cathodic current on the water concentration suggests catalytic decomposition of EMr with moisture. The cathodic potential limit shifted negative with addition of lithium salt, especially on a nickel microelectrode, so that deposition and stripping current for lithium was observed. This is attributed to the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Evidence for the formation of a SEI was also found from cyclic voltammograms and impedance spectra for lithium metal electrodes as well as open circuit cell potentials. Addition of LiTFSI to EMITFSI resulted in a decrease in the conductivity (e.g., from 10.5 to 5.6 mS cm-l for 0.47 mol dm-3 ) and the lithium ion diffusion coefficient was found to be 1.2 x 10-7 cm2 S·l for 0.47 mol dm-3 added Li salt. The transference number for .lithium ions) in LiTFSI / EMITFSI was found to be proportional to the concentration of the lithium salt. The measured value of 0.04 for 0.47 mol dm-3 is significantly higher than that of LiBF4 / EMIBF4 at the same concentration and temperature. This may be explained with two factors; the differences in size and dissociation level ofthe anions. The charge / discharge rate performance· of LiFeP04 carbon composite electrodes with various thicknesses in different concentrations of LiTFSI I EMITFSI electrolytes was studied using 3-electrode cells. At fast charge or discharge rates, discharge capacities were approximately inversely proportional to C-rate, suggesting that the capacities were controlled by lithium ion diffusion in the pores of the composite electrode. Differences in rate perfonnance were found between charge and discharge and for different concentrations of lithium salt in the ionic liquid. Two models are proposed to explain above phenomena; a transmission circuit to represent electrolyte resistance, and a salt depletion model simplified by the assumption of a compact discharge front. An optimised cell was designed and constructed according to the above fmdings, using a 14 LiFeP04 positive electrode, mol dm-3 LiTFSI / EMITFSI and a lithium negative electrode. The cell gave a discharge capacity of more than 100 mAh g-l over 850 cycles.
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Safa, Meer N. "Poly (Ionic Liquid) Based Electrolyte for Lithium Battery Application." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3746.

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The demand for electric vehicles is increasing rapidly as the world is preparing for a fossil fuel-free future in the automotive field. Lithium battery technologies are the most effective options to replace fossil fuels due to their higher energy densities. However, safety remains a major concern in using lithium as the anode, and the development of non-volatile, non-flammable, high conductivity electrolytes is of great importance. In this dissertation, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) consisting of ionic liquid, lithium salt, and a polymer has been developed for their application in lithium batteries. A comparative study between GPE and ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) containing batteries shows a superior cyclic performance up to 5C rate and a better rate capability for 40 cycles for cells with GPE at room temperature. The improvement is attributed to GPE’s improved stability voltage window against lithium as well as higher lithium transference number. The performance of the GPE in lithium-sulfur battery system using sulfur-CNT cathodes shows superior rate capability for the GPE versus ILE for up to 1C rates. Also, GPE containing batteries had higher capacity retention versus ILE when cycled for 500 cycles vii at C/2 rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies reveal interfacial impedances for ILE containing batteries grew faster than in GPE batteries. The accumulation of insoluble Li2S2/Li2S on the electrodes decreases the active material thus contributes to capacity fading. SEM imaging of cycled cathodes reveals cracks on the surface of cathode recovered from ILE batteries. On the other hand, the improved electrochemical performance of GPE batteries indicates better and more stable passivation layer formation on the surface of the electrodes. Composite GPE (cGPE) containing micro glass fillers were studied to determine their electrochemical performance in Li batteries. GPE with 1 wt% micro fillers show superior rate capability for up to 7C and also cyclic stability for 300 cycles at C/2 rate. In situ, EIS also reveals a rapid increase in charge transfer resistance in GPE batteries, responsible for lowering the capacity during cycling. Improved ion transport properties due to ion-complex formations in the presence of the micro fillers, is evidenced by improved lithium transference number, ionic conduction, and ion-pair dissociation detected using Raman spectroscopy.
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Le, Poul Nicolas. "Charge transfer at the high-temperature superconductor/liquid electrolyte interface." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391279.

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Bodin, Charlotte. "Etude des dynamiques d’électrolytes à base de liquides ioniques redox pour une application en supercondensateur." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS145.

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Les électrolytes sont au cœur des batteries et des supercondensateurs et leur rôle premier est de conduire les ions, et même si leurs spécifications sont en fait plus complexes : stabilité chimique, grande tension de cellule, conductivité élevée. Cependant, selon la conception des molécules qui composent le cation et/ou l'anion, leur fonction pourrait s'étendre. Les liquides ioniques se prêtent particulièrement bien à cette fonctionnalisation de par leurs propriétés intéressantes en tant qu’électrolyte et leur facilité de synthèse. Dans le domaine des supercondensateurs, la densité d'énergie est une limite technologique. Pour y répondre, une stratégie innovante est l’ajout de molécules redox à l'électrolyte pour participer au stockage de charge. Malgré la promesse d'augmenter les densités énergétiques (ou capacités apparentes), l’utilisation d’électrolyte redox fait face à deux limites clairement identifiées : (1) la diffusion des molécules redox diminuent l'efficacité coulombique et (2) l'autodécharge est importante. L'une de ces possibilités est l'utilisation de liquides ioniques biredox (2 couples oxydo-réducteur). Ce travail de thèse s’est concentré sur l’étude des dynamiques d’électrolytes à base de liquides ioniques redox pour une application en supercondensateur. L’effet du confinement des électrolytes redox dans la porosité des électrodes de carbone a été plus particulièrement étudié. Cela a permis de mettre en avant des interactions différentes, entre diffusion et adsorption, entre les liquides ioniques redox et les électrodes. S’il ne répond pas à toute nos questions, le formalisme utilisé pour comprendre ces dynamiques électrochimiques différentes a permis d’allier théorie et expérimentation pour aller toujours plus loin dans la compréhension des interactions des liquides ioniques redox comme électrolyte pour le stockage de l’énergie
Electrolytes are at the heart of batteries and supercapacitors and their primary role is to conduct ions, and even if their specifications are actually more complex: chemical stability, high cell voltage, high conductivity. However, depending on the design of the molecules that compose the cation and/or anion, their function could be expanded. Ionic liquids are particularly suitable for this functionalization because of their interesting properties as an electrolyte and their ease of synthesis.In the field of supercapacitors, energy density is a technological limitation. To address this, an innovative strategy is the addition of redox molecules to the electrolyte to participate in charge storage. Despite the promise to increase energy densities (or apparent capacities), the use of redox electrolyte faces two clearly identified limitations: (1) the diffusion of redox molecules decreases the coulombic efficiency and (2) the self-discharge is important. One of these possibilities is the use of biredox ionic liquids (2 oxidation-reducing pairs). This thesis work focused on the study of electrolyte dynamics based on redox ionic liquids for supercapacitor application. The effect of the confinement of redox electrolytes in the porosity of carbon electrodes has been studied. Thanks to this, the different interactions as diffusion and adsorption between redox ionic liquids and electrodes are described. The formalism used to understand these different electrochemical dynamics allow us to combine theory and experimentation to go ever further in understanding the interactions of redox ionic liquids as an electrolyte for energy storage
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Aynalem, Andinet Ejigu. "Electrocatalysis of fuel cell reactions using protic ionic liquid as an electrolyte." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606336.

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Finally, the study revealed some remarkable new insights into methanol oxidation in [dema] [TfO]. In particular, trace water within the protic ionic liquid plays a significant role and oxidation of trace water at Pt provides the Pt oxide species necessary for the "bifunctional" surface reaction between adsorbed carbon monoxide and oxides, in a similar manner to that observed in conventional aqueous electrolytes. The overpotential for methanol oxidation in [dema][TfO] was drastically higher than that observed in aqueous electrolytes, it also decreased with increasing water content of the ionic liquid. Overall, the study revealed some of the key processes responsible for the high activity of Pt-based fuel cell electrocatalysts in protic ionic liquid electrolytes. The work discussed in this Thesis may provide a starting point for the development of novel electrocatalysts for protic ionic liquids fuel cells
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Pierre, Fritz 1977. "The design of a microfabricated air electrode for liquid electrolyte fuel cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42286.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references.
In this dissertation, the microfabricated electrode (MFE) concept was applied to the design of an air electrode for liquid electrolyte fuel cells. The catalyst layer of the electrode is envisioned to be fabricated by using a microfabricated die to apply a three-dimensionally patterned macro-texture upon a microporous carbon matrix. The resulting dual porosity structure consists of an array of cylindrical holes that are formed from the die and micropores present in the carbon matrix. The holes are used for gas transport while the micropores are saturated with a liquid electrolyte for ion transport. The catalyst is loaded into the microfabricated structure by electrodepositing thin catalyst films within the cylindrical holes. In this dissertation, three issues concerning the design of the MFE were investigated: 1) identification of the best material to use for the microporous carbon matrix, 2) the study of electrokinetic parameters of electrodeposited Pt films, and 3) the study of oxygen transport behavior within a Pt film supported on the surface of a microporous carbon matrix. Two types of polymer-bonded carbon materials have been identified as suitable materials for the carbon matrix. They are carbon black particles bonded into a microporous matrix either by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrils or by polyethersulfone (PES), which is a soluble polymer in common solvents. Experiments and modeling have indicated that these materials will allow the microfabricated catalyst layer to have an effective ionic conductivity that is 4 to 5 times greater than the conventional catalyst layer. Rotating disk electrode experiments on electrodeposited Pt films in 0.5 M sulfuric acid show that these films have an oxygen reduction reaction mass activity that is 2.5 times greater than that of Pt particles supported on carbon black.
(cont.) Furthermore, oxygen gain experiments on electrodeposited Pt films supported on a microporous membrane indicate that these films experienced no oxygen transport losses in air, up to a current density of 130 mA/cm2. These results strongly support the use of thin catalyst film technology in catalyst layers of fuel cells. The experimental results presented this dissertation were used to develop a half-cell model of the MFE in concentrated phosphoric acid. The results of the model suggest that the MFE is capable of producing a current density 3.5 times greater than that of the conventional electrode. It is believed that such potential improvements in the performance of the air electrode support continued efforts to fabricate and test the MFE design concept presented in this dissertation.
by Pierre Fritz, Jr.
Ph.D.
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Gao, Jiajia. "Electrolyte-Based Dynamics: Fundamental Studies for Stable Liquid Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187025.

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The long-term outdoor durability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is still a challenging issue for the large-scale commercial application of this promising photovoltaic technique. In order to study the degradation mechanism of DSSCs, ageing tests under selected accelerating conditions were carried out. The electrolyte is a crucial component of the device. The interactions between the electrolyte and other device components were unraveled during the ageing test, and this is the focus of this thesis. The dynamics and the underlying effects of these interactions on the DSSC performance were studied. Co(bpy)32+/3+-mediated solar cells sensitized by triphenylamine-based organic dyes are systems of main interest. The changes with respect to the configuration of both labile Co(bpy)32+ and apparently inert Co(bpy)33+ redox complexes under different ageing conditions have been characterized, emphasizing the ligand exchange problem due to the addition of Lewis-base-type electrolyte additives and the unavoidable presence of oxygen. Both beneficial and adverse effects on the DSSC performance have been separately discussed in the short-term and long-term ageing tests. The stability of dye molecules adsorbed on the TiO2 surface and dissolved in the electrolyte has been studied by monitoring the spectral change of the dye, revealing the crucial effect of cation-based additives and the cation-dependent stability of the device photovoltage. The dye/TiO2 interfacial electron transfer kinetics were compared for the bithiophene-linked dyes before and after ageing in the presence of Lewis base additives; the observed change being related to the light-promoted and Lewis-base-assisted performance enhancement. The effect of electrolyte co-additives on passivating the counter electrode was also observed. The final chapter shows the effect of electrolyte composition on the electrolyte diffusion limitation from the perspectives of cation additive options, cation concentration and solvent additives respectively. Based on a comprehensive analysis, suggestions have been made regarding lithium-ion-free and polymer-in-salt strategies, and also regarding cobalt complex degradation and the crucial role of Lewis base additives. The fundamental studies contribute to the understanding of DSSC chemistry and provide a guideline towards achieving efficient and stable DSSCs.

QC 20160517

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Freitas, Flavio Santos 1982. "Estudo de novos eletrolitos polimericos e aplicação em celulas solares de TiO2/corante." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250665.

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Orientador: Ana Flavia Nogueira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T14:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_FlavioSantos_M.pdf: 1335737 bytes, checksum: 43bb80b2fab0adc9d9092583a0f45e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram investigados eletrólitos poliméricos baseados em poli(óxido de etileno-co-2-(2-metoxietoxi) etilglicidiléter) - P(EO-EM) com adição do oligômero dibenzoato de etileno-glicol (DIB)/LiI/I2 e poli(óxido de etileno-co-óxido de propileno) - P(EO-PO), com adição do líquido iônico iodeto de 1-metil-3- propilimidazólio (MPII)/I2 (com e sem a presença de LiI), visando a aplicação em células solares de TiO2/corante. Os eletrólitos foram caracterizados por Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio (H RMN) e Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE). Para o sistema P(EO-EM)/DIB, os estudos realizados por DSC e FTIR mostraram alta homogeneidade entre os componentes, com evidências de coordenação de sal no copolímero e no oligômero. Nas medidas de condutividade iônica, verificou-se saturação em ~10 S cm a partir de 10 % de LiI para todas as proporções de PEO-EM/DIB. Como conseqüência, a aplicação de eletrólitos com 20 % de LiI apresentou resultados bem similares, independente da proporção de DIB no sistema, indicando que os processos cinéticos relacionados ao transporte de carga são diferentes dos eletrólitos géis reportados na literatura, não sendo verificada mudança no potencial de circuito aberto (VOC) dos dispositivos. Para o sistema P(EO-PO)/MPII, as análises por DSC, FTIR e H RMN evidenciaram interações entre o oxigênio do copolímero e o hidrogênio do cátion imidazólio, possibilitando aumento na difusão do par I /I3 (estimado em 1,9x 10 cm s para o eletrólito com 70 % de MPII). A maior condutividade iônica foi obtida para o eletrólito com 70 % de MPII (2,4 x 10 S cm), possibilitando a montagem de células solares com eficiência de 5,66 %. Para todos os dispositivos, a presença de íons I3 promoveu aumento nas reações de recombinação, observando-se valores menores para o VOC com o aumento da concentração de MPII nos eletrólitos. Após a adição de LiI, não foram observadas melhores eficiências em comparação aos dispositivos montados sem a adição do sal. Esses resultados indicam que eletrólitos poliméricos baseados na combinação de polímero e líquido iônico consistem em sistemas promissores para aplicação em células solares.
Abstract: New polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide-co-2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethylglycidylether) - P(EO-EM) with addition of the oligomer ethyleneglycol dibenzoate (DIB)/LiI/I2, and poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) - P(EO-PO) with addition of the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium (MPII)/I2 (with and without LiI) were investigated in this work aiming at the application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The electrolytes were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (H NMR) and Complex Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). For the P(EO-EM)/DIB system, the DSC and FTIR measurements revealed a homogeneous mixture, with evidence of coordination of the salt with both the copolymer and the oligomer. The ionic conductivity measurements presented saturation in ~10 S cm for samples containing at least 10 % of LiI, for all P(EO-EM)/DIB concentration ratios. As consequence, the solar cells assembled with electrolytes containing 20 % of LiI presented similar performance, regardless of the DIB concentration, indicating that the kinetic processes related to the charge transport in these systems are different from those usually observed for gel electrolytes (which cause changes in the open circuit potential, VOC, of the devices). For the P(EO-PO)/MPII system, the DSC, FTIR and HNMR measurements revealed the presence of interactions between the oxygen atoms in the copolymer and the hydrogen atoms from the imidazolium cation, which increased the diffusion of the I/I3 redox couple (estimated to be 1,0 x 10 cm s for the electrolyte containing 70 % if MPII). The highest ionic conductivity was observed for the electrolyte containing 70 % of MPII (2,4 x 10 S cm), leading to the assembly of solar cells with 5,66 % of efficiency. In all the devices assembled, the presence of I3 ions leads to an increase of the recombination reactions, thus reducing the VOC values. This effect is more pronounced for higher concentrations of MPII in the electrolyte. After addition of LiI to these systems, no improvements in the device efficiency were observed. These results show that polymer electrolytes based on the mixture of polymer and ionic liquids are very promissing systems for application in solar cells.
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestre em Química
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Duluard, Sandrine Nathalie. "Study and set-up of ionic liquid based electrolytic membranes for flexible electrochromic devices." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13678/document.

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L’électrochromisme est le changement réversible de couleur d’un matériau lors de son oxydation ou de sa réduction électrochimique. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’électrolytes à base de liquide ionique (BMIPF6 et BMITFSI), de sel de lithium (LiTFSI) et de polymère (PMMA) et sur la préparation de systèmes électrochromes à base de ces électrolytes et du PEDOT, du Bleu de Prusse ou d'InHCF comme matériaux électrochromes. La conduction ionique mesurée par EIS, les analyses thermo gravimétriques, les spectroscopies IR et Raman et la mesure des coefficients de diffusion informent sur les interactions entre les espèces dans l'électrolyte. Les matériaux électrochromes (PEDOT, BP, InHCF) sont ensuite étudiés dans un électrolyte modèle LiTFSI 0.03 / BMITFSI 0.97. Enfin, des systèmes électrochromiques flexibles sont réalisés et leur propriétés de coloration et de cyclage étudiées
Electrochromism is the reversible colour change of a material upon electrochemical oxidation or reduction. This thesis will focus on the study of ionic liquid (BMIPF6 and BMITFSI), lithium salt (LiTFSI) and polymer (PMMA) based electrolytes and on the preparation of electrochromic devices with PEDOT, Prussian Blue or one of its analogues InHCF, as electrochromic materials. The measurement of ionic conductivity by EIS, thermo-gravimetric analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy and measurement of diffusion coefficients of these electrolytes highlight the interactions between the different species of the electrolyte. Electrochromic materials (PEDOT, BP, InHCF) are then studied in a model electrolyte (LiTFSI 0.03 / 0.97 BMITFSI), their electrochromic properties are detailed. Finally, flexible electrochromic devices are made and their properties of colouration and cycling are presented
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Piana, Giulia. "Electrolyte solide innovant à base de liquides ioniques pour micro-accumulateurs au lithium : réalisation par voie humide et caractérisation des propriétés de transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS359/document.

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Dans le but d’améliorer les performances des micro-accumulateurs au lithium, de nouvelles voies de dépôt, compatibles avec des géométries texturées, sont actuellement explorées. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, un nouvel électrolyte solide déposé par voie « humide » a été développé. Ce matériau, composé d’un liquide ionique et d’un sel de lithium confinés dans une matrice solide, a été synthétisé par polymérisation in-situ d’un oligomère diméthacrylate. Afin de définir leurs caractéristiques de conduction ionique, de nouvelles méthodes, comme le suivi de la photo-polymérisation par impédance in-situ ou encore la réalisation d’un nouveau design de cellules à base de peignes interdigités, ont été développées. De plus, le transfert du lithium a été mesuré par RMN diffusionnelle. Une diminution significative de la vitesse de diffusion des ions Li+ après la photo-polymérisation a ainsi été mise en évidence. La spectroscopie Raman a permis de démontrer que celle-ci est due à la complexation des ions par les chaines de poly(oxyde d’éthylène) de la matrice solide. En outre, grâce aux observations de différentes compositions, un mécanisme de diffusion mixte des ions Li+ par migration dans le liquide et par sauts dans le solide a été identifié. Par conséquent, ces résultats nous ont permis de définir une stratégie pour améliorer la diffusion des ions Li+ : l’ajout d’un copolymère monofonctionnel a permis de diminuer la densité de réticulation de la matrice solide et ainsi d’optimiser la mobilité des chaines polymères. En effet, les performances de cyclage dans des empilements de micro-accumulateurs complets ont été améliorées. A température ambiante, ces résultats se sont révélés très proches de ceux obtenus avec l’électrolyte solide standard LiPON. En conclusion, l’analyse établie a permis de comprendre les liens entre structure et performances électrochimiques, ce qui a permis de dégager les voies d’amélioration les plus prometteuses pour ce type d’électrolytes
New deposition techniques compatible with making tridimensional geometries are currently being investigated with the aim of improving the performances of lithium microbatteries. This work focuses on the development of a new quasi-solid electrolyte deposited by a “wet process”. An ionic liquid-based membrane containing a lithium salt was prepared by the photo-induced polymerization of a dimethacrylate oligomer. New methods such as a new type of conductivity cell based on planar interdigitated electrodes to measure ionic conductivity as well as in-situ monitoring of photo-polymerization using impedance spectroscopy were used. Transport properties of lithium ion were measured by PGSE-NMR. Interestingly, a significant reduction of lithium ion mobility was observed after UV-curing while the total ionic conductivity only decreased slightly. This phenomenon is due to the formation of lithium ion complexes with ethylene oxide moieties of the solid matrix, evidenced by Raman spectroscopy measurements. Additionally, we have shown that the structures of the complexes depend on the salt concentration and a dual solid/liquid transport mechanism was suggested. Hence, in order to improve lithium ion diffusion, a co-polymer was added in an attempt to decrease the cross-linking density of the solid matrix thus improving its segmental motion. The cyclability of the all solid state micro batteries was indeed improved. Comparable performances with the standard solid electrolyte LiPON were obtained at room temperature. In summary, it was established that electrochemical performances of the solid state microbatteries depend to a certain extent on the structure of the polymer electrolyte. Therefore it is possible to find new ways in designing these types of electrolytes for further improvement
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Books on the topic "Electrolyte liquid"

1

Marguerettaz, Xavier. Supramolecular chemistry at the semiconductor-liquid electrolyte interface. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Chemical properties of material surfaces. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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Han, Bo. Interfacial electrochemistry and in situ SEIRAS investigations of self assembled organic monolayers on Au-electrolyte interfaces. Jülich: Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2006.

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1942-, Kallay Nikola, ed. Interfacial dynamics. New York: M. Dekker, 2000.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Edited by M. D. Lechner. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Edited by M. D. Lechner. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3.

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Plechkova, Natalia V. Ionic liquids: From knowledge to application. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009.

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Rogers, Robin D., Natalia V. Plechkova, and Kenneth R. Seddon. Ionic liquids: From knowledge to application. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009.

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V, Plechkova Natalia, Rogers Robin D, Seddon Kenneth R. 1950-, and American Chemical Society. Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry., eds. Ionic liquids: From knowledge to application. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009.

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Mun, Jihoon. Handbook of ionic liquids: Properties, applications, and hazards. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrolyte liquid"

1

Kotov, Nicholas A., and Michael G. Kuzmin. "Photoelectrochemical Effect at the Interface Between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions." In Liquid-Liquid Interfaces, 213–53. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003068778-10.

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Kakiuchi, Takashi. "Partition Equilibrium of Ionic Components in Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions." In Liquid-Liquid Interfaces, 1–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003068778-1.

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Abraham, K. M. "Lithium Organic Liquid Electrolyte Batteries." In Solid State Batteries, 337–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5167-9_22.

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Cavaliere, Pasquale. "Alkaline Liquid Electrolyte Water Electrolysis." In Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production, 203–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37780-8_5.

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De Armond, M. Keith, and Anna H. De Armond. "Excited State Electron Transfer at the Interface of Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions." In Liquid-Liquid Interfaces, 255–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003068778-11.

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Rasaiah, Jayendran C. "Theories of Electrolyte Solutions." In The Liquid State and Its Electrical Properties, 89–142. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8023-8_4.

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Oehme, Friedrich. "Liquid Electrolyte Sensors: Potentiometry, Amperometry, and Conductometry." In Sensors, 239–339. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620135.ch7.

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Tu, Tran Anh, and Nguyen Huu Huy Phuc. "Liquid Phase Synthesis of Na3SbS4 Solid Electrolyte." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 719–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9267-4_70.

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Martínez, Víctor Manuel Ortiz, María José Salar García, Francisco José Hernández Fernández, and Antonia Pérez de los Ríos. "Organic–Inorganic Membranes Impregnated with Ionic Liquid." In Organic-Inorganic Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52739-0_1.

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Fröhlich, Arian, Steffen Masuch, and Klaus Dröder. "Design of an Automated Assembly Station for Process Development of All-Solid-State Battery Cell Assembly." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021, 51–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_5.

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AbstractToday, lithium-ion batteries are a promising technology in the evolution of electro mobility, but still have potential for improvement in terms of performance, safety and cost. In order to exploit this potential, one promising approach is the replacement of liquid electrolyte with solid-state electrolyte and the use of lithium metal electrode as an anode instead of graphite based anodes. Solid-state electrolytes and the lithium metal anode have favorable electrochemical properties and therefore enable significantly increased energy densities with inherent safety. However, these materials are both, mechanically and chemically sensitive. Therefore, material-adapted processes are essential to ensure quality-assured manufacturing of all-solid-state lithium-ion battery cells. This paper presents the development of a scaled and flexible automated assembly station adapted to the challenging properties of the new all-solid-state battery materials. In the station various handling and gripping techniques are evaluated and qualified for assembly of all-solid-state battery cells. To qualify the techniques, image processing is set up as a quality measurement technology. The paper also discusses the challenges of enclosing the entire assembly station in inert gas atmosphere to avoid side reactions and contamination of the chemically reactive materials.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electrolyte liquid"

1

Kovar, S., M. Pospisilik, J. Valouch, and M. Adamek. "Shielding Effectiveness of Liquid Electrolyte." In 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-fall48861.2019.9021676.

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Rudolf, Christopher, Corey Love, and Marriner Merrill. "Investigation of an Ionic Liquid As a High-Temperature Electrolyte for Silicon-Lithium Systems." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23780.

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Abstract Electrolytes for lithium ion batteries which work over a wide range of temperatures are of interest in both research and applications. Unfortunately, most traditional electrolytes are unstable at high temperatures. As an alternative, solid state electrolytes are sometimes used. These are inherently safer because they have no flammable vapors, and solid state electrolytes can operate at high temperatures, but they typically suffer from very low conductivity at room temperatures. Therefore, they have had limited use. Another option which has been previously explored is the use of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids are liquid salts, with nominally zero vapor pressure. Many are liquid over the temperature of interest (20–200°C). And, there is a tremendous range of available chemistries that can be incorporated into ionic liquids. So, ionic liquids with chemistries that are compatible with lithium ion systems have been developed and demonstrated experimentally at room temperature. In this study, we examined a silicon-lithium battery cycling at room temperature and over 150°C. Using half-cell vial and split-cell structures, we examined a standard electrolyte (LiPF6) at room temperature, and an ionic liquid electrolyte (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide) at room temperature and up to ∼150°C. The ionic liquid used was a nominally high purity product purchased from Sigma Aldrich. It was selected based on results reported in the open literature. The anode used was a wafer of silicon, and the cathode used was an alumina-coated lithium chip. The cells were cycled either 1 or 5 times (charge/discharge) in an argon environment at constant current of 50 μA between 1.5 and 0.05 volts. The results for the study showed that at room temperature, we could successfully cycle with both the standard electrolyte and the lithium ion electrolyte. As expected, there was large-scale fracture of the silicon wafer with the extent of cracking having some correlation with first cycle time. We were unable to identify any electrolyte-specific change in the electrochemical behavior between the standard electrolyte and the ionic liquid at room temperature. Although the ionic liquid was successfully used at room temperature, when the temperature was increased, it behaved very differently and no cells were able to successfully cycle. Video observations during cycling (∼1 day) showed that flocs or debris were forming in the ionic liquid and collecting on the electrode surface. The ionic liquid also discolored during the test. Various mechanisms were considered for this behavior, and preliminary tests will be presented. All materials were stable at room temperature, and the degradation appeared to be linked to the electrochemical process. As a conclusion, our working hypothesis is that, particularly at elevated temperatures, ionic liquid cleanliness and purity can be far more important than at room temperature, and small impurities can cause significant hurdles. This creates an important barrier to research efforts, because the “same” ionic liquids could cause failure in one situation and not in another due to impurities.
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Zhou, Ge, Lea-Der Chen, and James P. Seaba. "Modeling of Shunt Current in Liquid Electrolyte Fuel Cells." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97103.

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A general electrolyte model for calculation of the liquid electrolyte transport in fuel cells is presented. A 2-D formulation is used to describe the transport in an alkaline fuel cell. Numerical results were obtained by using commercial CFD software, in conjunction with the user defined functions that calculate the source terms of the transport equations. An order of magnitude analysis is conducted of the energy transport in the separator and electrode regions. The numerical calculation also examines the local primary current at the anode and cathode electrodes. The calculated current flux showed a higher value near the separator entrance and it decreased along the stream-wise direction. The non-uniformity of the local primary current is caused mainly by the species transport resistance between the electrodes instead of the temperature difference. The effects of four different electrolytes were also studied. The results suggested that the cell voltage differences were due to the competing effects of electrolyte conductance and species diffusion. Numerical calculation also captured the presence of shunt current. A net shunt current as high as 0.1 A/cm2 is calculated at the separator inlet and exit. Provisions to reduce shunt currents seem to be warranted for AFC operated at a condition similar to that examined in this paper.
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Chinchalikar, Akshay J., V. K. Aswal, J. Kohlbrecher, A. G. Wagh, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "SANS Study of Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Protein Electrolyte Solution." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3605806.

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Pavlinak, David, Oleksandr Galmiz, Mirolsav Zemanek, and Mirko Cernak. "Dielectric barrier discharge generated from the liquid electrolyte." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2015.7180022.

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INAMDAR, A. I., HYUNSIK IM, WOONG JUNG, HYUNGSANG KIM, BYUNGCHUL KIM, KOOK-HYUN YU, JIN-SANG KIM, and SUNG-MIN HWANG. "IONIC LIQUID CATALYZED ELECTROLYTE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYANILINE SUPERCAPACITORS." In Proceedings of International Conference Nanomeeting – 2013. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814460187_0065.

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Natália, M. "Influence of the supporting electrolyte in the properties of liquid-liquid interfaces." In Modeling complex systems. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386848.

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Pujiarti, H., W. S. Arsyad, P. Wulandari, and R. Hidayat. "The effect of ionic liquid electrolyte concentrations in dye sensitized solar cell using gel electrolyte." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS 2013 (ICTAP 2013). AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897099.

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Mracek, Lukas, Silvan Pretl, Tomas Syrovy, and Ales Hamacek. "Ionic liquid as an electrolyte for organic electrochemical transistor." In 2015 38th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2015.7247952.

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Sliwinski, P., K. Laszczyk, and B. Kozakiewicz. "PDMS-encapsulated supercapacitor with an electrolyte being a liquid." In 2019 19th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powermems49317.2019.61547413419.

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Reports on the topic "Electrolyte liquid"

1

Angell, Charles A., Don Gervasio, Jean-Philippe Belieres, and Xiao-Guang Sun. Fuel Cells Using the Protic Ionic Liquid and Rotator Phase Solid Electrolyte Principles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484415.

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Gervasio, Dominic, and C. A. Angell. Fuel Cell Using the Protic Ionic Liquid and Rotator Phase Solid Electrolyte Principles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada520641.

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Ofer, David, and Mark S. Wrighton. Potential Dependence of the conductivity of Poly(3-Methylthiophene) in Liquid So2/Electrolyte: A Finite Potential Window of High Conductivity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199258.

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Bedrov, Dmitry. Final Technical Report: SISGR: The Influence of Electrolyte Structure and Electrode Morphology on the Performance of Ionic-Liquid Based Supercapacitors: A Combined Experimental and Simulation Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090143.

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Sweeney, Charles B., Mark Bundy, Mark Griep, and Shashi P. Karna. Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611102.

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6

Qi, Yue, Long-Qing Chen, Xingcheng Xiao, and Qinglin Zhang Zhang. Dendrite Growth Morphology Modeling in Liquid and Solid Electrolytes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1659759.

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7

Frech, Roger. Charge Transport in Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes: A Paradigm Shift. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622953.

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Wu, Z. C., Daniel A. Jelski, Thomas F. George, L. Nanai, and I. Hevesi. Model of Laser-Induced Deposition on Semiconductors from Liquid Electrolytes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207097.

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Oh, Kyeong-Seok, Shuai Yuan, and Sang-Young Lee. Scalable semi-solid batteries based on hybrid polymer-liquid electrolytes. Peeref, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2306p1973287.

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Keitz, Thomas L., Vladimir Katovic, and Amanda Davidson. Scholarly Research Program. Delivery Order 0007: Characterization of Ionic Liquids as Fuel Cell Electrolytes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429817.

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