Journal articles: 'Electrodes composites nanostructurées'

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Li, Geng. "Electrochemical Sensor under Nanostructured Materials." Key Engineering Materials 852 (July 2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.852.70.

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In order to study the electrochemical sensor of nanometer mechanism materials to realize the high sensitive detection of different chemical molecules, in this research, the preparation methods of molybdenum dioxide nanomaterials, molybdenum dioxide/metal particles (Au, Pt, Au@Pt) composites and the preparation of molybdenum dioxide nanomaterials, molybdenum dioxide /Au composite nanomaterials, molybdenum dioxide /Pt composite nanomaterials and molybdenum dioxide /Au @Pt composite nanomaterials were introduced. Then the electrochemical behavior of several modified electrodes, electrochemical behavior in catechol system, scanning and pH were applied to the modified electrode. Finally, the electrode p-catechol system was detected by differential pulse voltammetry and the actual samples were analyzed. The results showed that compared with unmodified electrode materials, the electrode modified by molybdenum dioxide nanomaterials, molybdenum dioxide /Au composite nanomaterials, molybdenum dioxide /Pt composite nanomaterials and molybdenum dioxide /Au @Pt composite nanomaterials has better electrocatalytic performance and the detection of catechol has a good effect. Among them, the electrochemical sensor constructed by MoS2-Au@Pt composite has the best detection performance for catechol. The results have a good guiding significance for the performance improvement of electrochemical sensor.

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Chen, Tingting, Guangning Wang, and Qianyan Ning. "Rationally Designed Three-Dimensional NiMoO4/Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors." Nano 12, no. 05 (March 28, 2017): 1750061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500618.

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Electrodes of rationally designed composite nanostructures can offer many opportunities for the enhanced performance in electrochemical energy storage. This paper attempts to illustrate the design and production of NiMoO4/polypyrrole core–shell nanostructures on nickel foam to be used in supercapacitor via a facile hydrothermal and electrodeposition process. It has been verified that this novel nanoscale morphology has outstanding capacitive performances. While employed as electrodes in supercapacitors, the composite nanostructures showed remarkable electrochemical performances with a great areal capacitance (3.2[Formula: see text]F/cm2 at a current density of 5[Formula: see text]mA/cm2), and a significant cycle stability (80% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles). The above results reveal that the composite nanostructures may be a likely electrode material for high-performance electrochemical capacitors.

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Chen, Tingting, Yong Fan, Guangning Wang, Jing Zhang, Huixin Chuo, and Ruixiao Yang. "Rationally Designed Carbon Fiber@NiCo2O4@Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanowire Array for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes." Nano 11, no. 02 (February 2016): 1650015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500156.

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The composite supercapacitor electrodes were rationally fabricated by facile electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole (PPy) on NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays which were grown radially on carbon fiber (CF). When used as electrodes in supercapacitors, the composite nanostructures demonstrated prominent electrochemical performances with a high areal capacitance (1.44[Formula: see text]F/cm2 at a current density of 2[Formula: see text]mA/cm2), a good rate capability (80.5% when the current density increases from 2[Formula: see text]mA/cm2 to 20[Formula: see text]mA/cm2), and a good cycling ability (85% of the initial specific capacitance remained after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 10[Formula: see text]mA/cm2). The excellent electrochemical performance of NiCo2O4@PPy nanostructures can be mainly ascribed to the good electrical conductivity of PPy, the enhanced adherent force between electrode materials and CF to hold the electrode fragments together by means of NiCo2O4 nanowires, the short ion diffusion pathway in ordered porous NiCo2O4 nanowires and the three-dimensional nanostructures.

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Rajagopal, Rajesh, and Kwang-Sun Ryu. "Temperature Controlled Synthesis of Ce–MnO2 Nanostructure: Promising Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Applications." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3638.

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The objective of this study was to prepare Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite was synthesized by facile hydrothermal method at different temperatures. Structural details of pure and Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite were studied using powder X-ray diffraction technique. The formation of flower like structure and strong interaction with Ce and MnO2 were confirmed by field emission electron microscope technique. Their electrochemical performances were elucidated by using cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Nearly rectangular shaped cyclic voltagram was observed for synthesized Ce–MnO2 nanostructure composite electrode, indicating the existence of electric double layer capacitance nature. Ce–MnO2 (130) nanostructure composite exhibited high specific capacitance value of 147.25 F/g at applied current density of 1 A/g in 1 M Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, resistive and capacitive behaviors of these electrodes were studied from Nyquist and bode diagrams within frequency range of 10 mHz to 100 kHz.

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Liu, Yang, and Junbo Zhou. "Electroadsorption Desalination with Carbon Nanotube/PAN-Based Carbon Fiber Felt Composites as Electrodes." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253713.

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The chemical vapor deposition method is used to prepare CNT (carbon nanotube)/PCF (PAN-based carbon fiber felt) composite electrodes in this paper, with the surface morphology of CNT/PCF composites and electroadsorption desalination performance being studied. Results show such electrode materials with three-dimensional network nanostructures having a larger specific surface area and narrower micropore distribution, with a huge number of reactive groups covering the surface. Compared with PCF electrodes, CNT/PCF can allow for a higher adsorption and desorption rate but lower energy consumption; meanwhile, under the condition of the same voltage change, the CNT/PCF electrodes are provided with a better desalination effect. The study also found that the higher the original concentration of the solution, the greater the adsorption capacity and the lower the adsorption rate. At the same time, the higher the solution’s pH, the better the desalting; the smaller the ions’ radius, the greater the amount of adsorption.

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Li, Li, Lihui Chen, Weijin Qian, Fei Xie, and Changkun Dong. "Directly Grown Multiwall Carbon Nanotube and Hydrothermal MnO2 Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050703.

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MnO2–MWNT–Ni foam supercapacitor electrodes were developed based on directly grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and hydrothermal MnO2 nanostructures on Ni foam substrates. The electrodes demonstrated excellent electrochemical and battery properties. The charge transfer resistance dropped 88.8% compared with the electrode without MWNTs. A high specific capacitance of 1350.42 F·g−1 was reached at the current density of 6.5 A·g−1. The electrode exhibited a superior rate capability with 92.5% retention in 25,000 cycles. Direct MWNT growth benefits the supercapacitor application for low charge transfer resistance and strong MWNT–current collector binding.

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Song, Yu, Mingyue Zhang, Tianyu Liu, Tianjiao Li, Di Guo, and Xiao-Xia Liu. "Cobalt-Containing Nanoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocuboids from Zeolite Imidazole Frameworks for Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081110.

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Pyrolyzing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) typically yield composites consisting of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles finely dispersed on carbon matrices. The blend of pseudocapacitive metal oxides and conductive metals, as well as highly porous carbon networks, offer unique opportunities to obtain supercapacitor electrodes with mutually high capacitances and excellent rate capabilities. Herein, we demonstrate nitrogen-doped carbon nanocuboid arrays grown on carbon fibers and incorporating cobalt metal and cobalt metal oxides. This composite was synthesized via pyrolysis of a chemical bath deposited MOF, cobalt-containing zeolite imidazole framework (Co–ZIF). The active materials for charge storage are the cobalt oxide and nitrogen-doped carbon. Additionally, the Co metal and the nanoporous carbon network facilitated electron transport and the rich nanopores in each nanocuboid shortened ion diffusion distance. Benefited from these merits, our Co–ZIF-derived electrode delivered an areal capacitance of 1177 mF cm−2 and excellent cycling stability of ~94% capacitance retained after 20,000 continuous charge–discharge cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor prototype having the Co–ZIF-derived hybrid material (positive electrode) and activated carbon (negative electrode) achieved a maximal volumetric energy density of 1.32 mWh cm−3 and the highest volumetric power density of 376 mW cm−3. This work highlights the promise of metal–metal oxide–carbon nanostructured composites as electrodes in electrochemical energy storage devices.

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Maitra, Soumyajit, Arundhati Sarkar, Toulik Maitra, Somoprova Halder, Subhasis Roy, and Kajari Kargupta. "Cadmium Sulphide Sensitized Crystal Facet Tailored Nanostructured Nickel Ferrite @ Hematite Core-Shell Ternary Heterojunction Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." MRS Advances 5, no. 50 (2020): 2585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.316.

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AbstractDesign of composite semiconductor nanostructures with proper band alignment for efficient charge separation and carrier transport has been at the center of research for photoelectrochemical water splitting. This work demonstrates the deposition of a NiFe2O4 @Fe2O3 core-shell nanostructured film sensitized with CdS to form a ternary heterojunction for cascade type electron transfer. The hematite nanostructures were grown by hydrothermal approach through dipping into a solution of Nickel Nitrate yielded anchoring of Ni2+ ions on the outer surface. The films were then annealed at 650 0C for the diffusion of Ni2+ ions into the hematite lattice which forms core-shell NiFe2O4 @Fe2O3 heterojunction. The films were further sensitized with CdS nanoparticles deposited by a hydrothermal approach to form the final ternary heterojunction photoanode. Several different nanostructures were grown and the effect of crystal facet tailoring was observed on Ni loading and photoelectrochemical performance. The photoelectrochemical measurements were carried out using a potentiostat under 100 mW/cm2 light source (150W Xenon Lamp) with Pt counter electrode and 0.5 M Na2S and 0.5 M Na2SO3 electrolyte. A current density of 3.47 mA/cm2 was observed at 1.23 V (vs Ag/AgCl). An Applied Bias to Photocurrent Efficiency (ABPE) of 1.8 % photoconversion efficiency was observed using the fabricated electrodes at 0.288V (vs Ag/AgCl).

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Wu, Wenguo, Hao Niu, Dayun Yang, Shi-Bin Wang, Jiefu Wang, Jia Lin, and Chaoyi Hu. "Controlled Layer-By-Layer Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrodes for Microbial Fuel Cells." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030363.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, by a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique, was evaluated as an anode for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The bioelectrochemistry of Shewanella loihica PV-4 in an electrochemical cell and the electricity generation performance of MFCs with multilayer (CNTs/PAH)n-deposited ITO electrodes as an anode were investigated. Experimental results showed that the current density generated on the multilayer modified electrode increased initially and then decreased as the deposition of the number of layers (n = 12) increased. Chronoamperometric results showed that the highest peak current density of 34.85 ± 2.80 mA/m2 was generated on the multilayer (CNTs/PAH)9-deposited ITO electrode, of which the redox peak current of cyclic voltammetry was also significantly enhanced. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses showed a well-formed nanostructure porous film on the surface of the multilayer modified electrode. Compared with the plain ITO electrode, the multilayered (CNTs/PAH)9 anodic modification improved the power density of the dual-compartment MFC by 29%, due to the appropriate proportion of CNTs and PAH, as well as the porous nanostructure on the electrodes.

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Stine, Keith J. "Biosensor Applications of Electrodeposited Nanostructures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 24, 2019): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040797.

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The development of biosensors for a range of analytes from small molecules to proteins to oligonucleotides is an intensely active field. Detection methods based on electrochemistry or on localized surface plasmon responses have advanced through using nanostructured electrodes prepared by electrodeposition, which is capable of preparing a wide range of different structures. Supported nanoparticles can be prepared by electrodeposition through applying fixed potentials, cycling potentials, and fixed current methods. Nanoparticle sizes, shapes, and surface densities can be controlled, and regular structures can be prepared by electrodeposition through templates. The incorporation of multiple nanomaterials into composite films can take advantage of the superior and potentially synergistic properties of each component. Nanostructured electrodes can provide supports for enzymes, antibodies, or oligonucleotides for creating sensors against many targets in areas such as genomic analysis, the detection of protein antigens, or the detection of small molecule metabolites. Detection can also be performed using electrochemical methods, and the nanostructured electrodes can greatly enhance electrochemical responses by carefully designed schemes. Biosensors based on electrodeposited nanostructures can contribute to the advancement of many goals in bioanalytical and clinical chemistry.

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Subramanian, V., Hongwei Zhu, and Bingqing Wei. "Nanostructured manganese oxides and their composites with carbon nanotubes as electrode materials for energy storage devices." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 11 (January 1, 2008): 2327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880112327.

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Manganese oxides have been synthesized by a variety of techniques in different nanostructures and studied for their properties as electrode materials in two different storage applications, supercapacitors (SCs) and Li-ion batteries. The composites involving carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and manganese oxides were also prepared by a simple room-temperature method and evaluated as electrode materials in the above applications. The synthesis of nanostructured manganese oxides was carried out by simple soft chemical methods without any structure directing agents or surfactants. The prepared materials were well characterized using different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface area studies, etc. The electrochemical properties of the nanostructured manganese oxides and their composites were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies. The influence of structural/surface properties on the electrochemical performance of the synthesized manganese oxides is reviewed.

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Veldevi, T., K. Thileep Kumar, R. A. Kalaivani, S. Raghu, and A. M. Shanmugharaj. "Synthesis of Hierarchical Graphene-MnO2 Nanowire Composites with Enhanced Specific Capacitance." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 8 (June 28, 2019): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21924.

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Hierarchical nanostructured graphene–manganese dioxide nanowire (G-MnO2-NW) composites have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis route using water/1-decanol as the medium. Synthesized materials were analyzed using various characterization tools to corroborate their chemical compositions, structure/morphology and surface area. Electrochemical measurements of the synthesized G-MnO2-NW electrode materials delivered the highest specific capacity (255 Fg-1), high rate capability and improved cycling stability at 0.5 Ag–1 in 1M sodium sulfate solution and this fact may be attributed to its high surface area and porosity. Moreover, synthesized G-MnO2-NW electrodes displayed better energy and power density, when compared to the MnO2-NW based electrodes.

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Hung, Shang-Chao, Yi-Rong Chou, Cheng-Di Dong, Kuang-Chung Tsai, and Wein-Duo Yang. "Enhanced Activity of Hierarchical Nanostructural Birnessite-MnO2-Based Materials Deposited onto Nickel Foam for Efficient Supercapacitor Electrodes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101933.

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Hierarchical porous birnessite-MnO2-based nanostructure composite materials were prepared on a nickel foam substrate by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method (SILAR). Following composition with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the as-obtained MnO2, MnO2/rGO and MnO2/rGO-MWCNT materials exhibited pore size distributions of 2–8 nm, 5–15 nm and 2–75 nm, respectively. For the MnO2/rGO-MWCNT material in particular, the addition of MWCNT and rGO enhanced the superb distribution of micropores, mesopores and macropores and greatly improved the electrochemical performance. The as-obtained MnO2/rGO-MWCNT/NF electrode showed a specific capacitance that reached as high as 416 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte and also an excellent rate capability and high cycling stability, with a capacitance retention of 85.6% after 10,000 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses showed a low resistance charge transfer resistance for the as-prepared MnO2/rGO-MWCNT/NF nanostructures. Therefore, MnO2/rGO-MWCNT/NF composites were successfully synthesized and displayed enhanced electrochemical performance as potential electrode materials for supercapacitors.

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Tiwari, Santosh K., Anukul K. Thakur, Amrita De Adhikari, Yanqiu Zhu, and Nannan Wang. "Current Research of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites and Their Application for Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102046.

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This review acmes the latest developments of composites of metal oxides/sulfide comprising of graphene and its analogues as electrode materials in the construction of the next generation of supercapacitors (SCs). SCs have become an indispensable device of energy-storage modes. A prompt increase in the number of scientific accomplishments in this field, including publications, patents, and device fabrication, has evidenced the immense attention they have attracted from scientific communities. These efforts have resulted in rapid advancements in the field of SCs, focusing on the development of electrode materials with features of high performance, economic viability, and robustness. It has been demonstrated that carbon-based electrode materials mixed with metal oxides and sulfoxides can perform extremely well in terms of energy density, durability, and exceptional cyclic stability. Herein, the state-of-the-art technologies relevant to the fabrication, characterization, and property assessment of graphene-based SCs are discussed in detail, especially for the composite forms when mixing with metal sulfide, metal oxides, metal foams, and nanohybrids. Effective synthetic methodologies for the nanocomposite fabrications via intercalation, coating, wrapping, and covalent interactions will be reviewed. We will first introduce some fundamental aspects of SCs, and briefly highlight the impact of graphene-based nanostructures on the basic principle of SCs, and then the recent progress in graphene-based electrodes, electrolytes, and all-solid-state SCs will be covered. The important surface properties of the metal oxides/sulfides electrode materials (nickel oxide, nickel sulfide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxides, stannous oxide, nickel-cobalt sulfide manganese oxides, multiferroic materials like BaMnF, core-shell materials, etc.) will be described in each section as per requirement. Finally, we will show that composites of graphene-based electrodes are promising for the construction of the next generation of high performance, robust SCs that hold the prospects for practical applications.

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Kalinina, Elena, and Elena Pikalova. "Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects for Electrodeposition of Thin-Film Functional Layers in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 5584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195584.

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Electrolytic deposition (ELD) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are relevant methods for creating functional layers of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This review discusses challenges, new findings and prospects for the implementation of these methods, with the main emphasis placed on the use of the ELD method. Topical issues concerning the formation of highly active SOFC electrodes using ELD, namely, the electrochemical introduction of metal cations into a porous electrode backbone, the formation of composite electrodes, and the electrochemical synthesis of perovskite-like electrode materials are considered. The review presents examples of the ELD formation of the composite electrodes based on porous platinum and silver, which retain high catalytic activity when used in the low-temperature range (400–650 °C). The features of the ELD/EPD co-deposition in the creation of nanostructured electrode layers comprising metal cations, ceramic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes, and the use of EPD to create oriented structures are also discussed. A separate subsection is devoted to the electrodeposition of CeO2-based film structures for barrier, protective and catalytic layers using cathodic and anodic ELD, as well as to the main research directions associated with the deposition of the SOFC electrolyte layers using the EPD method.

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Zou, Benxue, Shengchen Gong, Yan Wang, and Xiaoxia Liu. "Tungsten Oxide and Polyaniline Composite Fabricated by Surfactant-Templated Electrodeposition and Its Use in Supercapacitors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/813120.

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Composite nanostructures of tungsten oxide and polyaniline (PANI) were fabricated on carbon electrode by electrocodeposition using sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as the template. The morphology of the composite can be controlled by changing SDBS surfactant and aniline monomer concentrations in solution. With increasing concentration of aniline in surfactant solution, the morphological change from nanoparticles to nanofibers was observed. The nanostructured WO3/PANI composite exhibited enhanced capacitive charge storage with the specific capacitance of 201 F g−1at 1.28 mA cm−2in large potential window of-0.5~ 0.65 V versus SCE compared to the bulk composite film. The capacitance retained about 78% when the sweeping potential rate increased from 10 to 150 mV/s.

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Saravanakumar, B., A. Haritha, G. Ravi, and R. Yuvakkumar. "Synthesis of X3(PO4)2 [X = Ni, Cu, Mn] Nanomaterials as an Efficient Electrode for Energy Storage Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17448.

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In this study, a general and effective phosphorization strategy is demonstrated to enhance the super capacitor performance of Ni, Cu, and Mn transition metals. The composites such as Ni3(PO4)2, Cu3(PO4)2 and Mn3(PO4)2 were achieved by employing hydrothermal method mixing with ethylene glycol. These composite nanostructures were characterized by standard sophisticated techniques such as XRD, RAMAN, FTIR, UV, PL and SEM studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the monoclinic crystallographic structure of the materials. The optical and vibrational properties of the product are characterized by photoluminescence and FTIR studies. These prepared materials have shown desired electrochemical stability. The above characterization indicates the functional groups and materials nature. The electrochemical properties of synthesized phosphate materials are analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charging and discharging studies (GCD). The Cu3(PO4)2 electrode showed a remarkable specific capacitance of 232.025 F g−1 at a scan rate of 20 mV/s, which is expected to have a promising electrode for super capacitor applications. The GCD study of synthesized Cu3(PO4)2 nanostructure has also been tested for 1000 cycles at 10 A/g current density to evaluate the cyclic stability of the electrode and retains 94% of initial specific capacitance.

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Kulandaivalu, Shalini, and Yusran Sulaiman. "Recent Advances in Layer-by-Layer Assembled Conducting Polymer Based Composites for Supercapacitors." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112107.

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Development of well-designed electrodes is the key to achieve high performance supercapacitors. Therefore, as one of the effective methods, a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach is often fruitfully employed for the fabrication of electrode material. Benefiting from a tunable parameter of the LBL approach, this approach has paved a way to design a highly ordered nanostructured electrode material with excellent performance. Conducting polymers (CPs) are the frontrunners in supercapacitors and notably, the LBL assembly of CPs is attracting extensive attention. Therefore, this critical review covers a comprehensive discussion on the research progress of CP-based composites with special importance on the LBL approach predominately for supercapacitors. Following a brief discussion on supercapacitors and CPs, the most up-to-date techniques used in LBL are highlighted.

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Scandurra, Antonino, Francesco Ruffino, Maria Censabella, Antonio Terrasi, and Maria Grazia Grimaldi. "Dewetted Gold Nanostructures onto Exfoliated Graphene Paper as High Efficient Glucose Sensor." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121794.

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Non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing was obtained by gold nanostructures on graphene paper, produced by laser or thermal dewetting of 1.6 and 8 nm-thick Au layers, respectively. Nanosecond laser annealing produces spherical nanoparticles (AuNPs) through the molten-phase dewetting of the gold layer and simultaneous exfoliation of the graphene paper. The resulting composite electrodes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, micro Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry. Laser dewetted electrode presents graphene nanoplatelets covered by spherical AuNPs. The sizes of AuNPs are in the range of 10–150 nm. A chemical shift in the XPS Au4f core-level of 0.25–0.3 eV suggests the occurrence of AuNPs oxidation, which are characterized by high stability under the electrochemical test. Thermal dewetting leads to electrodes characterized by faceted not oxidized gold structures. Glucose was detected in alkali media at potential of 0.15–0.17 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE), in the concentration range of 2.5μM−30 mM, exploiting the peak corresponding to the oxidation of two electrons. Sensitivity of 1240 µA mM−1 cm−2, detection limit of 2.5 μM and quantifications limit of 20 μM were obtained with 8 nm gold equivalent thickness. The analytical performances are very promising and comparable to the actual state of art concerning gold based electrodes.

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Al-Ahmed, Amir. "Electrode Modification for Better Kinetics in all Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (AVRFB): A Short Review." Advanced Materials Research 1116 (July 2015): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1116.229.

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One critical component in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system is its electrode. The redox reactions between V+2/V+3 and V+4/V+5 take place on electrodes surfaces. Commonly used electrode material is the graphite felts (GFs); this material has good chemical and electrochemical stabilities, conductivity, and suitable surface area, with low price tag. However, its relatively poor kinetics and electrochemical activity often limit the VRFB operation at low current density. Many researchers have attempted to enhance VRFB performance by trying other carbon materials such as, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials. They also deposited noble metals on to these electrodes as catalysts, which are not very practical due to their high cost and susceptibility to hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions. Low-cost metal oxides, such as Mn3O4, CeO2 and WO3 were also been explored as catalysts, but their performance is limited by their low conductivity and stability in concentrated sulfuric acid. Significant improvement in electrode performance are reported when different nanostructured metal catalysts were deposited. However, the performance of modified electrodes also depends on the size and uniform distribution of these nanoparticles. In this article, some important developments of this area are reviewed.

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Milikic, Jadranka, Nevena Markicevic, Aleksandar Jovic, Radmila Hercigonja, and Biljana Sljukic. "Glass-like carbon, pyrolytic graphite or nanostructured carbon for electrochemical sensing of bismuth ion?" Processing and Application of Ceramics 10, no. 2 (2016): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1602087m.

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Different carbon electrodes were explored for application in electroanalysis, namely for sensing of bismuth ion as model analyte. Carbon materials tested included glassy carbon, basal and edge plane pyrolytic graphite, as well as nanostructured carbonized polyaniline prepared in the presence of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Bismuth ion was chosen as model analyte as protocol for its detection and quantifications is still to be determined. Herein, anodic stripping voltammetry was used with study of effect of several parameters such as scan rate and deposition time. Electrode based on carbonized polyaniline showed the highest activity for bismuth ion sensing in terms of the highest current densities recorded both in a laboratory and in real sample, while basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode gave the lowest limit of detection.

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Ho, Mui Yen, Poi Sim Khiew, Dino Isa, and Wee Siong Chiu. "Electrochemical studies on nanometal oxide-activated carbon composite electrodes for aqueous supercapacitors." Functional Materials Letters 07, no. 06 (December 2014): 1440012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604714400128.

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In present study, the electrochemical performance of eco-friendly and cost-effective titanium oxide ( TiO 2)-based and zinc oxide-based nanocomposite electrodes were studied in neutral aqueous Na 2 SO 3 electrolyte, respectively. The electrochemical properties of these composite electrodes were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (CD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results reveal that these two nanocomposite electrodes achieve the highest specific capacitance at fairly low oxide loading onto activated carbon (AC) electrodes, respectively. Considerable enhancement of the electrochemical properties of TiO 2/AC and ZnO /AC nanocomposite electrodes is achieved via synergistic effects contributed from the nanostructured metal oxides and the high surface area mesoporous AC. Cations and anions from metal oxides and aqueous electrolyte such as Ti 4+, Zn 2+, Na + and [Formula: see text] can occupy some pores within the high-surface-area AC electrodes, forming the electric double layer at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Additionally, both TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles can provide favourable surface adsorption sites for [Formula: see text] anions which subsequently facilitate the faradaic processes for pseudocapacitive effect. These two systems provide the low cost material electrodes and the low environmental impact electrolyte which offer the increased charge storage without compromising charge storage kinetics.

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Kwon, Nam, Divine Mouck-Makanda, and Katharina Fromm. "A Review: Carbon Additives in LiMnPO4- and LiCoO2-Based Cathode Composites for Lithium Ion Batteries." Batteries 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040050.

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Carbon plays a critical role in improving the electronic conductivity of cathodes in lithium ion batteries. Particularly, the characteristics of carbon and its composite with electrode material strongly affect battery properties, governed by electron as well as Li+ ion transport. We have reviewed here various types of carbon materials and organic carbon sources in the production of conductive composites of nano-LiMnPO4 and LiCoO2. Various processes of making these composites with carbon or organic carbon sources and their characterization have been reviewed. Finally, the type and amount of carbon and the preparation methods of composites are summarized along with their battery performances and cathode materials. Among the different processes of making a composite, ball milling provided the benefit of dense and homogeneous nanostructured composites, leading to higher tap-density and thus increasing the volumetric energy densities of cathodes.

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Shchegolkov, A. V., A. V. Shchegolkov, F. F. Komarov, I. D. Parafimovich, O. O. Milchanin, and A. V. Kobelev. "The use of carbon nanotubes to create materials that absorb electromagnetic radiation and electrodes of supercapacitors." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-267-272.

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Carbon nanotubes are effective nanomodifiers – providing the formation of a variety of thermal and electrophysical properties in composite materials. The functional purpose of composite materials determines the type and concentration of carbon nanostructures. The use of carbon nanostructures in polymer composites intended for electromagnetic shielding and electrode materials of supercapacitors is a promising direction in modern materials science. The method of manufacturing a radio-absorbing composite material included impregnation of a polyurethane foam billet – an aqueous composite suspension consisting of water, an acrylic copolymer, and carbon nanotubes "Taunit-MD". Structural studies of carbon nanotube samples were performed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. To do this, PAM and SAM studies were performed using a HitachiH-800 electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of up to 200 Kev. For research purposes, electrodes with an area of 2 cm2 were made from carbon materials. Active mass was prepared from a carbon material and a binder, polivinildenftorid. Show PEM and SAM micrographs for samples of carbon nanotubes with the commercial name "Taunit-M". In this case, carbon nanotubes are characterized by smaller thicknesses in the range of 10-20 nm with a preferred average size of 12-15 nm. The structure of the tubes is very defective. The thickness of the tubes varies in some areas (not exceeding hundreds of nm) by more than 2 times. Carbon nanotubes have an irregular shape-there are processes, bends. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the characteristic of the reflected EMI signal demonstrated by the pyramidal RPM is close in its values to that of the free space. At the same time, in comparison with the free space, there is a slight weakening (3-4) dB of the reflection coefficient. Carbon nanotubes MD has characteristics that exceed the carbon fabric "busofit" in terms of specific mass capacity, but inferior to it in terms of specific surface capacity. In addition, this advantage completely disappears at high current densities, which may be the result of a closed macrostructure and requires further optimization of the electrode manufacturing technology

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Lamy-Mendes, Alyne, Rui F. Silva, and Luisa Durães. "Advances in carbon nanostructure–silica aerogel composites: a review." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 4 (2018): 1340–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08959g.

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Chen, Tingting, Yong Fan, Guangning Wang, Qing Yang, and Ruixiao Yang. "Rationally designed hierarchical ZnCo2O4/polypyrrole nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes." RSC Advances 5, no. 91 (2015): 74523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14808a.

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Rahman, M. M., D. R. Sarker, M. M. Rahman, and M. O. Faruk. "Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Polyaniline Synthesized by using Carbon Nanofiber." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.48356.

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Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is a very useful additive for improving the performance of polymer matrix composites, but the performance has sometimes been interrupted by limits appear within composite processing. Recently, CNF based polymer composites are intensely considered as promising materials in many application fields, such as electrical devices, electrode materials for batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, etc. Among these, the electrical conductivity is always the first priority need to be considered. Polyaniline (PANI) and PANI-CNF composites are synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers in acidic media. The electrical conductivity of PANI-CNF composites were found varies with the degree of amount of CNF under the effect of multiple factors such as the concentration of aniline monomer, reaction media, oxidant, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc. The maximum electrical conductivity was found 3.7131 S/cm of the PANI-CNF composite coming from the polymerization of aniline with 0.05 g CNF. The results of the synthesis also demonstrated that CNF can be an effective material to prepare electrically conducting polymer composites with ordered nanostructures.

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Rahman, M. M., D. R. Sarker, M. M. Rahman, and M. O. Faruk. "Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Polyaniline Synthesized by using Carbon Nanofiber." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.48356.

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Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is a very useful additive for improving the performance of polymer matrix composites, but the performance has sometimes been interrupted by limits appear within composite processing. Recently, CNF based polymer composites are intensely considered as promising materials in many application fields, such as electrical devices, electrode materials for batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, etc. Among these, the electrical conductivity is always the first priority need to be considered. Polyaniline (PANI) and PANI-CNF composites are synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers in acidic media. The electrical conductivity of PANI-CNF composites were found varies with the degree of amount of CNF under the effect of multiple factors such as the concentration of aniline monomer, reaction media, oxidant, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc. The maximum electrical conductivity was found 3.7131 S/cm of the PANI-CNF composite coming from the polymerization of aniline with 0.05 g CNF. The results of the synthesis also demonstrated that CNF can be an effective material to prepare electrically conducting polymer composites with ordered nanostructures.

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Wang, Xiaobing, Jin Hao, Yichang Su, Fanggang Liu, Jian An, and Jianshe Lian. "A Ni1−xZnxS/Ni foam composite electrode with multi-layers: one-step synthesis and high supercapacitor performance." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 33 (2016): 12929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04022e.

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Multi-layer Ni_xZn_1−xS/Ni foam composites were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction generating in situ growth on the Ni foam. The doping of Zn into the Ni_xZn_1−xS/Ni composite constructs the multi-layer nanostructure. The as-fabricated Ni_1−xZn_xS/Ni foam-2 h supercapacitor electrode shows outstanding rate properties.

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Li, Yongfeng, Hui Wang, Jianming Jian, Yun Fan, Lin Yu, Gao Cheng, Junli Zhou, and Ming Sun. "Design of three dimensional hybrid Co3O4@NiMoO4 core/shell arrays grown on carbon cloth as high-performance supercapacitors." RSC Advances 6, no. 17 (2016): 13957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra28077j.

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Sehrawat, Poonam, Abid Abid, Saikh S. Islam, Alain Mauger, and Christian M. Julien. "Nanostructured Graphene Oxide-Based Hybrids as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." C 6, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6040081.

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Presently, the negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are constituted by carbon-based materials, which exhibit a limited specific capacity 372 mAh g−1 associated with the cycle in the composition between C and LiC6. Therefore, many efforts are currently made towards the technological development of nanostructured graphene materials because of their extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Recent progress on advanced hybrids based on graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has demonstrated the synergistic effects between graphene and an electroactive material (silicon, germanium, metal oxides (MOx)) as electrode for electrochemical devices. In this review, attention is focused on advanced materials based on GO and rGO and their composites used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

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32

Shumyantseva, V. V., T. V. Bulko, E. V. Suprun, and A. I. Archakov. "Electrochemical sensor systems based on one dimensional (1D) nanostructures for analysis of bioaffinity interactions." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 59, no. 2 (2013): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20135902209.

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It was shown that modification of screen printed graphite electrodes with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated Pb nanowires (PbNWs) demonstrates the enhancement of sensor’s analytical characteristics such as effective surface area, electro catalytic properties and heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. The reason for such improvement may be the synergistic effect of AuNPs and PbNWs. Nanowires ensembles on electrode surface were employed for the detection of hemeproteins cytochrome P450 2B4, cytochrome c , and cardiac myoglobin in human plasma. Composite materials based on nanoparticles with different dimentions (3D three dimensional gold nanoparticles and 1D one dimensional Pb nanowires make it possible to construct biosensors with low detection limit of proteins.

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Lv, Sa, Xuefeng Chu, Fan Yang, Huan Wang, Jia Yang, Yaodan Chi, and Xiaotian Yang. "Hierarchical Core/Shell Structured Ag@Ni(OH)2 Nanospheres as Binder-Free Electrodes for High Performance Supercapacitors." Crystals 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9020118.

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Hierarchical Ag@Ni(OH)2 nanospheres were achieved directly on copper foam substrate through a convenient two-step process. Ag nanoflowers were formed on copper substrate by galvanic replacement technology between AgNO3 and copper foam followed by electrodeposition of a layer of Ni(OH)2. Ag nanostructures as cores not only dominated the final morphology of the composites, but also improved the electrical conductivity, increased the specific surface area of the active electrode material, and even directly participated in the electrochemical reactions. The resulted Ag@Ni(OH)2 nanospheres could be directly used as high-performance binder-free electrodes and exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 1.864 F cm−2 and long cycling lifespans of 90.43% capacity retaining after 3000 cycles.

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Ni, Wei, Jianli Cheng, Lingying Shi, Xiaodong Li, Bin Wang, Qun Guan, Ling Huang, Guifang Gu, and Hang Li. "Integration of Sn/C yolk–shell nanostructures into free-standing conductive networks as hierarchical composite 3D electrodes and the Li-ion insertion/extraction properties in a gel-type lithium-ion battery thereof." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 45 (2014): 19122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04554h.

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Channu, Venkata S. Reddy, B. Rambabu, Kusum Kumari, Rajmohan R. Kalluru, and Rudolf Holze. "SnO2/PANI nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries." Electrochemical Energy Technology 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2018-0004.

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Abstract Tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures and SnO2/Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites to be used as electrode materials for a lithium ion battery were synthesized using a solution-route technique with chelating agents followed by calcination at 300∘C for 4 h. Structural and morphological properties were studied with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Particles of 25-10 nm size are observed in the microscope images. TGA results showed that the PANI-modified SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit higher thermal stability than the SnO2 nanoparticles. Electrochemical properties of SnO2 and SnO2/PANI electrodes were examined in a lithium ion battery and a supercapacitor. The electrode of SnO2/PANI shows higher specific capacity. The cell with SnO2/PANI exhibits a specific capacity of 1450 mAh/g at C/10. Supercapacitor results indicate that the PANI-modified SnO2 composite had a higher current with apparent cathodic and anodic peaks.

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Karaxi, Evangelia K., Irene A. Kanellopoulou, Anna Karatza, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis, and Costas A. Charitidis. "Fabrication of carbon nanotube-reinforced mortar specimens: evaluation of mechanical and pressure-sensitive properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818801019.

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Carbon-based nanomaterials are promising reinforcing elements for the development of “smart” self-sensing cementitious composites due to their exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. Significant research efforts have been committed on the synthesis of cement-based composite materials reinforced with carbonaceous nanostructures, covering every aspect of the production process (type of nanomaterial, mixing process, electrode type, measurement methods etc.). In this study, the aim is to develop a well-defined repeatable procedure for the fabrication as well as the evaluation of pressure-sensitive properties of intrinsically self-sensing cementitious composites incorporating carbon- based nanomaterials. Highly functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with increased dispersibility in polar media were used in the development of advanced reinforced mortar specimens which increased their mechanical properties and provided repeatable pressure-sensitive properties.

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37

Sambasivam, Sangaraju, K. V. G. Raghavendra, Anil Kumar Yedluri, Hammad Mueen Arbi, Venkatesha Narayanaswamy, Chandu V. V. Muralee Gopi, Byung-Chun Choi, Hee-Je Kim, Salem Alzahmi, and Ihab M. Obaidat. "Facile Fabrication of MnCo2O4/NiO Flower-Like Nanostructure Composites with Improved Energy Storage Capacity for High-Performance Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061424.

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Over the past few decades, the application of new novel materials in energy storage system has seen excellent development. We report a novel MnCo2O4/NiO nanostructure prepared by a simplistic chemical bath deposition method and employed it as a binder free electrode in the supercapacitor. The synergistic attraction from a high density of active sites, better transportation of ion diffusion and super-most electrical transportation, which deliver boost electrochemical activities. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to investigate the crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition of the as-synthesized precursors, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electron impedance spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the electrochemical properties. The unique nanoparticle structures delivered additional well-organized pathways for the swift mobility of electrons and ions. The as-prepared binder-free MnCo2O4/NiO nanocomposite electrode has a high specific capacity of 453.3 C g−1 at 1 Ag−1, and an excellent cycling reliability of 91.89 percent even after 4000 cycles, which are significantly higher than bare MnCo2O4 and NiO electrodes. Finally, these results disclose that the as-fabricated MnCo2O4/NiO electrode could be a favored-like electrode material holds substantial potential and supreme option for efficient supercapacitor and their energy storage-related applications.

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Krzyczmonik, Paweł, and Sławomira Skrzypek. "Composites of Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) with Nanostructures as Electrochemical Sensors for Application in Bioelectroanalysis." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180423150941.

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Background: The article presents the state of research on conductive composite materials constructed on the basis of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, as well as selected nanoparticles and nanostructures. Combining two or more materials in a composite which is later used in electrode modification can result in obtaining an electrode with new, more desirable properties. One of such fields is pharmacological analysis which, due to the continuous emergence of new substances and often also a need for analyte determination in complex samples, requires newer instruments in the form of suitably sensitive and selective sensors. Contents: The review contains the description of properties of PEDOT and composite PEDOT with polystyrenesulfonates. In the following part, composite materials are described: PEDOT-CNT, PEDOT- nanoparticles, PEDOT-graphene. The review closes with the examples of multi-component composite materials. Conclusion: The on-going development of new substances used in medicine, pharmacy and related fields, as well as the continuous increase in the production and consumption of this type of substances, necessitates constant development and modernization of analytical techniques used for their determination. : Biomedical assays require being able to carry out determinations in different systems, including in vitro ones, without separating individual compounds. It is necessary to be able to identify several substances simultaneously or determine one compound in the presence of chemically similar substances. Modern electrode materials such as PEDOT and nanostructured materials allow for the development of sensors which are getting increasingly better at meeting the requirements of the analysts.

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Yan, Weikang, Jianqiang Bi, Weili Wang, Xiaoning Sun, Rui Liu, Xuxia Hao, and Xicheng Gao. "Ti3SiC2/Carbon Nanofibers Fabricated by Electrospinning as Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 6441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18619.

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As an Mn+1AXn phase ternary layered carbide, Ti3SiC2 possesses the advantages of both excellent stability and high electrical conductivity, which are considered to be promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Ti3SiC2/Carbon nanofiber composites with one-dimensional nanostructures were successfully synthesized via electrospinning. Systematic electrochemical tests showed that the Ti3SiC2/Carbon composite possesses a large specific capacitance of 133.1 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, high rate capability of 113.7% capacitance retention from 1 to 10 A/g, and low resistance of 1.07 Ω. After assembling the asymmetrical supercapacitor, Ti3SiC2/Carbon provides the energy density of 7.02 Wh/kg at the power density of 140 W/kg. In addition, Ti3SiC2/Carbon composite is highly stable, with 74.6% capacity retention after 4000 cycles. Ti3SiC2/Carbon’s superior electrochemical properties are ascribed to the 1D nanowire structure and the high specific surface area. Ti3SiC2/Carbon is a prospective electrode material for future supercapacitors.

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Tran Huu, Ha, Xuan Dieu Nguyen Thi, Kim Nguyen Van, Sung Jin Kim, and Vien Vo. "A Facile Synthesis of MoS2/g-C3N4 Composite as an Anode Material with Improved Lithium Storage Capacity." Materials 12, no. 11 (May 28, 2019): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111730.

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The demand for well-designed nanostructured composites with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries electrode materials has been emerging. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of MoS2-based anode materials, MoS2 nanosheets integrated with g-C3N4 (MoS2/g-C3N4 composite) was synthesized by a facile heating treatment from the precursors of thiourea and sodium molybdate at 550 °C under N2 gas flow. The structure and composition of MoS2/g-C3N4 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. The lithium storage capability of the MoS2/g-C3N4 composite was evaluated, indicating high capacity and stable cycling performance at 1 C (A·g−1) with a reversible capacity of 1204 mA·h·g−1 for 200 cycles. This result is believed the role of g-C3N4 as a supporting material to accommodate the volume change and improve charge transport for nanostructured MoS2. Additionally, the contribution of the pseudocapacitive effect was also calculated to further clarify the enhancement in Li-ion storage performance of the composite.

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Du, Xiaohan, Zhen Qin, and Zijiong Li. "Free-Standing rGO-CNT Nanocomposites with Excellent Rate Capability and Cycling Stability for Na2SO4 Aqueous Electrolyte Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061420.

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Facing the increasing demand for various renewable energy storage devices and wearable and portable energy storage systems, the research on electrode materials with low costs and high energy densities has attracted great attention. Herein, free-standing rGO-CNT nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, in which the hierarchical porous network nanostructure is synergistically assembled by rGO nanosheets and CNT with interlaced network distribution. The rGO-CNT composite electrodes with synergistic enhancement of rGO and CNT exhibit high specific capacitance, excellent rate capability, exceptional conductivity and outstanding long-term cycling stability, especially for the optimal rGO-CNT30 electrode. Applied to a symmetric supercapacitor systems (SSS) assembled with an rGO-CNT30 electrode and with 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution as the electrolyte, the SSS possesses a high energy density of 12.29 W h kg−1 and an outstanding cycling stability, with 91.42% of initial specific capacitance after 18,000 cycles. Results from these electrochemical properties suggest that the rGO-CNT30 nanocomposite electrode is a promising candidate for the development of flexible and lightweight high-performance supercapacitors.

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Medyantseva, E. P., D. V. Brusnitsyn, R. V. Varlamova, O. A. Konovalova, and H. K. Budnikov. "Nanostructured composites based on graphene and nanoparticles of cobalt in the composition of monoamine oxidase biosensors for determination of antidepressants." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 8 (September 5, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-8-5-14.

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Amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensors based on screen-printed graphite electrodes modified with nanostructured reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were developed to determine antidepressant drug substances: tianeptine, thioridazine, and fluoxetine. Combinations of carbon nanomaterials with metal nanoparticles (nanocomposites) along with retaining the properties of individual components, also provide a new quality of the developed devices due to their joint contribution. The nanomaterial-modifier was applied to the surface of screen-printed graphite electrodes using dropwise evaporation. Fixing of RGO on the surface of the screen-printed graphite electrodes occurs due to electrostatic interaction between RGO carboxyl groups and amine groups of the amine derivative on the platform of polyester polyol (H20–NH2). The CoNPs were obtained electrochemically by the method of chronoamperometry at a potentialE= – 1.0 V and different time of their accumulation (about 50 – 60 sec) on the electrode surface. According to the data of atomic force microscopy, the predominant size of CoNPs is (40 ± 2) and (78 ± 8) nm, depending on the time of electrochemical deposition of NPs. Data of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that nanocomposites RGO-chitosan/CoNPs and RGO-amine derivative on the polyester polyol (H20–NH2)/CoNPs platform are characterized by the lowest values of the charge transfer resistance. The use of those nanocomposites modifying the electrode surface significantly improved the analytical characteristics of the developed biosensors providing a wider range of operating concentrations from 1 × 10–4to 5 × 10–9mol/liter, greater sensitivity coefficient, better correlation coefficient, and lower limit of the detectable concentrations. A possibility of using biosensors to control the quality of antidepressants upon determination of the main active substance in medicinal drugs and biological fluids is shown. The lower limit of detectable concentrations (7 – 9) × 10–10mol/liter is attained when using tyramine as a substrate for determination of fluoxetine, thioridazine and tianeptine, respectively.

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Thammabut, Thawach, Tienthong Yuangkaew, Chanchanok Chumpanya, Thitipong Tamsenanupap, Papot Jaroenapibal, and Napat Triroj. "Electrospun Ag/WO₃ Composite Nanofiber Photoanodes Prepared by DС Electrophoretic Deposition for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." Materials Science Forum 947 (March 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.947.61.

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In this work, tungsten oxide (WO3) nanofibers were synthesized using electrospinning technique. Direct current electrophoretic deposition (DC-EPD) was conducted to deposit the nanofibers onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes. The photoelectrochemical performance of WO3 nanostructured electrodes was investigated and compared between the samples containing pristine WO3 and Ag/WO3 composite nanofibers. An up-to-6-fold enhancement in photoconversion efficiency (PCE) was obtained from Ag/WO3 composite nanofiber photoanode.

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CUI, Guang-lei, Xin-hong ZHOU, Lin-jie ZHI, Arne Thomas, and Klaus Müllen. "Carbon/nanostructured Ru composites as electrodes for supercapacitors." New Carbon Materials 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-5805(08)60001-3.

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Lee, Han-Min, Chandu V. V. Muralee Gopi, Prem Jyoti Singh Rana, Rajangam Vinodh, Sanghyun Kim, R. Padma, and Hee-Je Kim. "Hierarchical nanostructured MnCo2O4–NiCo2O4 composites as innovative electrodes for supercapacitor applications." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 21 (2018): 17190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03764g.

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Hierarchical MnCo₂O₄–NiCo₂O₄ nanostructures deliver a higher electrochemical performance than MnCo₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄ electrodes.

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Wang, Zan, Xin Wang, Yun Xiao Zhao, Cui Mei Zhao, and Wei Tao Zheng. "MnO_x/Ni(OH)₂ Nanocomposite Materials for High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitor Application." Journal of Nano Research 20 (December 2012): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.20.53.

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Nanostructured MnOx/Ni (OH)2 composites have been electrodeposited on Ni foam for synthesis of a binder-free electrode for electrochemical capacitors with high specific capacitance and stable electrochemical properties. The microstructure, morphology and chemical composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements were applied to investigate the electrochemical capacitance of the electrode active materials. The results indicated that MnOx acted as a template for growth of Ni (OH)2 with an inter-connected 3D porous network nanostructure. A maximum capacitance value of 2334 F/g at current density of 5 A/g in 1 M KOH electrolyte was achieved, much higher than that of pure Ni (OH)2 and MnOx (992 and 179 F/g, respectively). Moreover, in the charge/discharge process at even larger current density of 20 A/g, the electrode could maintain 82.8 % of the initial specific capacitance after 500 cycles, higher than that of pure Ni (OH)2 (only 46.6% remains). The enhanced capacitance performance was attributed to the synergic effect between the respective single oxides.

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Fortin, Patrick, Subash Rajasekar, Pankaj Chowdhury, and Steven Holdcroft. "Hydrogen evolution at conjugated polymer nanoparticle electrodes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 2 (February 2018): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0329.

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Organic polymer nanoparticles have been gaining attention in photovoltaics as a means to control the morphology of polymer composite films for the purpose of studying bulk heterojunction, photoactive layers. This work investigates the preparation of nanostructured organic thin films from P3HT:PC61BM nanoparticles and their characterization as photoelectrodes for the photoelectrochemical reduction of hydrogen in acidic solutions. The morphology and optoelectronic properties of the nanostructured photocathodes are compared with conventional, solution-cast thin films of P3HT:PC61BM. The nanostructured photoelectrodes provide increased surface area compared with solution-cast films through control of the nanoscale morphology within each nanoparticle, leading to enhanced P3HT:PC61BM phase segregation. The photo-assisted deposition of platinum nanoparticles as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts onto the nanostructured P3HT:PC61BM photocathodes facilitates the photoreduction of protons to H2.

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Lin, Jhih-Fong, Melinda Mohl, Mikko Nelo, Geza Toth, Ákos Kukovecz, Zoltán Kónya, Srividya Sridhar, et al. "Facile synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials over RANEY® nickel catalyst films printed on Al2O3 and SiO2 substrates." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 8 (2015): 1823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02442g.

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Films of porous RANEY® Ni catalyst particles deposited on substrates by stencil printing offer a facile platform for synthesizing nanostructured carbon/nickel composites for direct use as electrodes in electrochemical and field emitter devices.

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Filip, Jaroslav, Jana Šefčovičová, Peter Gemeiner, and Jan Tkac. "Electrochemical Features of Bilirubin Oxidase Immobilized on Different Carbon Nanostructures." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.13.

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An electrode interface was prepared using a mixture of a cheap carbon nanomaterial KetjenBlack (KB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) dispersed in a biopolymer chitosan. Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) was proved to adsorb effectively on such a nanointerface, retaining its catalytic activity for reduction of dioxygen to water, which was proved by cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, three distinct cathodic redox reactions were determined in the absence of oxygen, suggesting that KB/CNT template provides a suitable micro and nanoporosity for direct electron transfer between BOD and the modified electrodes revealing all three known active sites of BOD. Furthermore, BOD was adsorbed on graphene oxide with subsequent electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide into a conductive graphene film with BOD trapped within the matrix. Two active sites of BOD were observed on the electrode modified by graphene suggesting the enzyme is oriented in a different way compared to the KB/CNT nanointerface due to changes in the nature of functional groups within the nanocomposite, changed porosity of the nanointerface or as a result of electrochemical perturbation of the matrix during reduction of graphene oxide. A more detailed fundamental investigation of the influence of the nanointerface matrix on an adsorption and orientation of BOD will without any doubt allow us to tailor ability of such composites to reduce dioxygen to water with high efficiency, what is a feature important for construction of robust and effective biocathodes of enzymatic biofuel cells.

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Samantaray, Manas R., Abhay Kumar Mondal, Govindhasamy Murugadoss, Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu, Santanu Das, Raihana Bahru, and Mohd Ambri Mohamed. "Synergetic Effects of Hybrid Carbon Nanostructured Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Review." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122779.

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This article provides an overview of the structural and physicochemical properties of stable carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The research community has long sought to harvest highly efficient third-generation DSSCs by developing carbon-based CEs, which are among the most important components of DSSCs. Since the initial introduction of DSSCs, Pt-based electrodes have been commonly used as CEs owing to their high-electrocatalytic activities, thus, accelerating the redox couple at the electrode/electrolyte interface to complete the circuit. However, Pt-based electrodes have several limitations due to their cost, abundance, complicated facility, and low corrosion resistance in a liquid electrolyte, which further restricts the large-area applications of DSSCs. Although carbon-based nanostructures showed the best potential to replace Pt-CE of DSSC, several new properties and characteristics of carbon-CE have been reported for future enhancements in this field. In this review, we discuss the detailed synthesis, properties, and performances of various carbonaceous materials proposed for DSSC-CE. These nano-carbon materials include carbon nanoparticles, activated carbon, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotube, two-dimensional graphene, and hybrid carbon material composites. Among the CE materials currently available, carbon-carbon hybridized electrodes show the best performance efficiency (up to 10.05%) with a high fill factor (83%). Indeed, up to 8.23% improvements in cell efficiency may be achieved by a carbon-metal hybrid material under sun condition. This review then provides guidance on how to choose appropriate carbon nanomaterials to improve the performance of CEs used in DSSCs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrodes composites nanostructurées'

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