Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrodes, Carbon

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrodes, Carbon'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrodes, Carbon"

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Temirgaliyeva, T. S., S. Kuzuhara, S. Noda, M. Nazhipkyzy, A. R. Kerimkulova, B. T. Lesbayev, N. G. Prikhodko, and Z. A. Mansurov. "Self-Supporting Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanotube and Activated Carbons." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 20, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj719.

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Self-supporting AC (activated carbon)-FWCNT (few-wall carbon nanotubes) hybrid electrodes were fabricated by mixing of ACs with high specific surface area (SSA) and sub-millimeter-long FWCNTs. In order to fabricate the hybrid electrodes, AC and FWCNT were mixed in a weight ratio of 9:1, dispersed by bath-sonication and vacuum-filtrated on a membrane filter. The addition of FWCNTs gives conductivity and mechanical strength, and replace metallic current collectors in thick (0.1 mm) electrodes. For making an electrode, three different ACs that derived from walnut shell (WS), that from apricot stones (AS), and that commercially used for capacitors (YP-80F, Kuraray Chemical Co., Osaka Japan), were used with FWCNT in weight ratio of AC:FWCNT = 9:1. An electrode based only on FWCNT was also prepared as a reference for comparison. Electrochemical properties of the obtained electrodes were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry method (CV). Electrochemical characteristics were measured using the three-electrode cell contained of YP80F-FWCNT, AS-FWCNT, WS-FWCNT as a working electrode, a YP-80F-FWCNT counter electrode and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode with an electrolyte of 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution. Also, the morphological properties of obtained electrodes were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the SSA was investigated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. SSA, conductivity, and resistivity of AS-FWCNT and WS-FWCNT electrodes were summarized. Both the AS-FWCNT and WS-FWCNT hybrid electrodes showed specific capacitances of about 140 F/g at 1 mV/s and about 100 F/g at 100 mV/s, which are similar or even better than the AC-CNT hybrid electrode made of commercialized AC (YP-80F).
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Wójcik, Szymon, and Małgorzata Jakubowska. "Optimization of anethole determination using differential pulse voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode." Science, Technology and Innovation 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8152.

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Voltammetry is the general term for all techniques in which the current is measured as a function of electrode potential. The voltammetric techniques can be applied for the quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic species and are best suited for substances which can be either oxidized or reduced on electrodes. These techniques are characterized by high sensitivity which results in the possibility of performing determinations at a low concentration level. In voltammetry, many different types of working electrodes are applied. One of the important groups are solid electrodes, among which carbon electrodes play an important role. They represent a good alternative to mercury electrodes, however, surface preparation before the usage is required. In this work anethole determination will be presented using three types of carbon electrodes: glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode. Optimization process will be also described.
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Goh, Andrew, David Roberts, Jesse Wainright, Narendra Bhadra, Kevin Kilgore, Niloy Bhadra, and Tina Vrabec. "Evaluation of Activated Carbon and Platinum Black as High-Capacitance Materials for Platinum Electrodes." Sensors 22, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 4278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114278.

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The application of direct current (DC) produces a rapid and reversible nerve conduction block. However, prolonged injection of charge through a smooth platinum electrode has been found to cause damage to nervous tissue. This damage can be mitigated by incorporating high-capacitance materials (HCM) (e.g., activated carbon or platinum black) into electrode designs. HCMs increase the storage charge capacity (i.e., “Q value”) of capacitive devices. However, consecutive use of these HCM electrodes degrades their surface. This paper evaluates activated carbon and platinum black (PtB) electrode designs in vitro to determine the design parameters which improve surface stability of the HCMs. Electrode designs with activated carbon and PtB concentrations were stressed using soak, bend and vibration testing to simulate destructive in vivo environments. A Q value decrease represented the decreased stability of the electrode–HCM interface. Soak test results supported the long-term Q value stabilization (mean = 44.3 days) of HCM electrodes, and both HCMs displayed unique Q value changes in response to soaking. HCM material choices, Carbon Ink volume, and application of Nafion™ affected an electrode’s ability to resist Q value degradation. These results will contribute to future developments of HCM electrodes designed for extended DC application for in vivo nerve conduction block.
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Sýs, Milan, Elmorsy Khaled, Radovan Metelka, and Karel Vytřas. "Electrochemical characterisation of novel screen-printed carbon paste electrodes for voltammetric measurements." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 7-8 (2017): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170207048s.

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This work is focused on the homemade screen-printed carbon paste electrode containing basically graphite powder (or glassy carbon powder), poly(vinylbchloride) (PVC) and paraffin oil. It compares the electrochemical properties of conventional carbon-based electrodes and prepared screen-printed carbon paste electrodes towards [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- and quinone/hydroquinone redox couples. Significant attention is paid to the development of the corresponding carbon inks, printing and the surface characterisation of the resulting electrodes by the scanning electron microscopy. An optimization consisted of the selection of the organic solvent, the optimal content of the used polymer with the chosen paste binder, appropriate isolation of electric contact, etc. Very similar properties of the prepared screen-printed electrodes, containing only corresponding carbon powder and 3 % PVC, with their conventional carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon-based electrodes, were observed during their characterisation. Screen-printed electrodes, with the pasting liquid usually provided satisfactory analytical data. Moreover, they can be used in the flow injection analysis and could undoubtedly replace the carbon paste grooved electrodes. It can be assumed that certain progress in the development of electrode materials was achieved by this research.
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Zhen, Shao Hua, Li Bao An, and Chun Rui Chang. "Simulation on the Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.328.

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been verified to be an efficient means of assembling carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for various applications. This paper simulates the electric field distribution of the quadruple electrode structure when the external AC voltage is applied between a pair of opposite electrodes. There exist induced electric potentials between high voltage electrodes and floating electrodes and thus floating electrodes seriously change the field distribution. For a pair of wide parallel electrodes, the deposition of one CNT bridging the electrode pair will greatly alter the local electric field and repel the further deposition of CNTs in the vicinity. The screening distance is relevant with the width of the electrode gap, which provides a way to estimate the density of assembled CNTs between the electrode pair.
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Zhang, Ying Jie, Jia Guo, and Ting Li. "Research Progress on Binder of Activated Carbon Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.780.

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The activated carbon electrode has been widely used as an electrode material in capacitive deionization (CDI). The binder of activated carbon electrode has important influence on the electrochemical properties and structures of the electrodes. The effect of binder on the conductivity and capacitance of the electrodes is discussed in this article. And the structures characteristics of electrodes by adding different kinds of binder are summarized. The electrodes have higher capacitance and specific surface using polyvinylalochol (PVA) and sulfosuccinic-acid (SSA) as hydrophilic binder, comparing with hydrophobic binders include phenolicresin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). Therefore, activated carbon electrodes consisted by PVA and SSA are expected to become the future hot spot. The study of this paper has special significance to the choice and application of the binder in capacitive deionization.
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Pan, Yusheng, Ke Xu, and Canliu Wu. "Recent progress in supercapacitors based on the advanced carbon electrodes." Nanotechnology Reviews 8, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0029.

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Abstract This paper demonstrates a brief review of the research progress of the advanced carbon-based materials for the supercapacitor electrodes. Diverse types of carbon-based electrodes exploited and reported to the literature are summarized and classified into pure carbon electrodes, carbon/metal oxides composite electrodes, carbon/metal oxides/conducting polymers composite electrodes as well as carbon electrodes based on other materials. Pure carbon electrodes are firstly introduced, confirming their merits and shortcomings. To cover the shortage of pure carbon electrodes and further enhances their electrochemical performance, a composite electrode, combined with metal oxides and conducting polymers, is respectively presented. It is worth noticing in this article that combining various materials to form composites has been one main direction to own a positive synergistic effect on the carbon-based electrodes.
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Hua, Xin, Gui Jun Shen, and Yu Du. "Carbon Materials Electrodes: Electrochemical Analysis Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.262.

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The electrochemical properties of traditional carbon materials and applications of these materials based electrodes as well as physical and chemically modified carbon materials electrodes would be reviewed. Hence, the scope of the current review is limited to analytical electrochemistry using carbon materials electrode, and 48 references are cited.
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Tsai, Hung-Yin, Wei-Hsuan Hsu, and Ying-Chen Huang. "Characterization of Carbon Nanotube/Graphene on Carbon Cloth as an Electrode for Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/686891.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which can generate low-pollution power through microbial decomposition, have become a potentially important technology with applications in environmental protection and energy recovery. The electrode materials used in MFCs are crucial determinants of their capacity to generate electricity. In this study, we investigate the performance of using carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene-modified carbon-cloth electrodes in a single-chamber MFC. We develop a process for fabricating carbon-based modified electrodes andEscherichia coliHB101 in an air-cathode MFC. The results show that the power density of MFCs can be improved by applying a coat of either graphene or CNT to a carbon-cloth electrode, and the graphene-modified electrode exhibits superior performance. In addition, the enhanced performance of anodic modification by CNT or graphene was greater than that of cathodic modification. The internal resistance decreased from 377 kΩ for normal electrodes to 5.6 kΩ for both electrodes modified by graphene with a cathodic catalyst. Using the modified electrodes in air-cathode MFCs can enhance the performance of power generation and reduce the associated costs.
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Popov, Maxim V., Alexander G. Bannov, and Stepan I. Yusin. "Carbon nanomaterials for supercapacitors: two electrode scheme." MATEC Web of Conferences 340 (2021): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134001035.

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In this paper, the electrochemical and texture characteristics of electrode materials made of a number of promising carbon materials for supercapacitors were considered. Carbon nanofibers, thermally expanded graphite, and activated carbon derived from rice hulls were used as electrodes for supercapacitors. The paper presents a technique of synthesis of these electrode materials. A comparison of the capacitive characteristics of the electrodes using two-electrode scheme was carried out.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrodes, Carbon"

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Patel, Anisha N. "Electroanalytical applications of carbon electrodes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56386/.

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Carbon materials, such as graphite and conducting diamond, are highly popular for analytical and electrochemical applications, and fundamental knowledge of heterogeneous electron transfer is required to understand and optimise applications. In this thesis, the relationship between the structure of HOPG (Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite) and its electrochemical behaviour has been thoroughly studied from the macroscale to the nanoscale. With the use of data collected from a wide range of techniques, spanning voltammetry, electrochemical imaging and high resolution microscopy, on 5 different grades of basal plane HOPG whose surfaces vary in defect density, the contribution of edge plane vs. basal plane on the electrochemical activity of HOPG has been re-examined. The significant body of work presented herein shows, without doubt, that the basal plane of HOPG is a very active electrode for Ru(NH)6 3+/2+; Fe(CN)6 4-/3-; the oxidation of the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), and quinones in aqueous solution. This overturns a well-established (textbook) model that the basal surface is inert, which researchers have assumed for two decades, with implications that carry over to related sp2 carbon materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. A second aspect has considered polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (pBDD) to study neurotransmitters, such as DA and serotonin (5-HT). The electrode surface was found to be resistive towards permanent surface blocking during the electrochemical oxidation of these neurotransmitters. The properties of the film formed by 5-HT oxidative products, was thoroughly investigated using voltammetry and high resolution microscopy. It is shown, for the first time, that electro-oxidation of 5-HT results in an electrically insulating, but charged and porous film, but procedures are demonstrated that allow the pBDD to be renewed in-situ for precise electroanalysis.
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Gan, Kok Dian Patrick. "Electrochemical studies at carbon-based electrodes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a566ceb-8968-42d0-94fa-586ca2e6191c.

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Carbon electrodes have found widespread use in electrochemistry due to its broad versatility and low cost amongst other advantages. Recent innovations in carbon materials have added new dimensions to their utility in electrochemical applications. This thesis aims to investigate aspects of carbon materials, in particular boron-doped diamond (BDD) and nanocarbon composites, mainly for electrochemical analysis and energetics studies. The electrochemical behaviour of estradiol and other endocrine disrupting compounds was examined on the BDD electrode with different surface pretreatments, as well as on a nanocarbon-modified BDD electrode. It was shown that the precise control of surface chemical termination enabled the electrode to be tuned to exhibit diffusional or adsorptive voltammetry at oxidised and hydrogenated BDD interfaces respectively. Adsorption effects were also observed on the modified electrode leading to significant pre-concentration of the analyte onto the nanocarbon and a corresponding lowering of the limit of detection by ca three orders of magnitude to nanomolar levels. Surface modification of the BDD electrodes was then explored using a simple and convenient dropcast technique to deposit microcrystalline copper phthalocyanine onto the electrode. The influence of the surface chemical termination towards the interaction with the modifier compound was demonstrated in relation to the oxygen reduction reaction. Hydrogen terminated BDD modified in such a manner was able to significantly decrease the overpotential for the cathodic reaction by ca 500 mV when compared to the unmodified electrode while modified oxidised BDD showed no such electrocatalysis, signifying greater interaction of the phthalocyanine modifier with the hydrogenated surface. The lack of a further conversion of the peroxide product was attributed to its rapid diffusion away from the triple phase boundary (comprising the phthalocyanine microcrystallite, aqueous solution and BDD electrode) at which the reaction is expected to exclusively occur. Next carbon composites were studied in the form of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). The practicality of a nanocarbon paste was established by cyclic voltammetry with several well-characterised redox systems commonly used to test electrode activity and was found to exhibit comparable behaviour to the more typical graphitic formulation. Reversible uptake of some analytes was observed at the CPEs, giving rise to complex double peak voltammetry. This uptake phenomenon was then further examined at the nanocarbon paste electrode to monitor the transfer of species between two dissimilar liquid phases. The interfacial behaviour gave rise to voltammetric peaks which were assigned to species originating from the aqueous, binder and carbon phases respectively and this enabled the measurement of Gibbs energies of transfer between oil and aqueous phases. Finally the effect of different ionic liquids as binder for carbon-ionic liquid composite electrodes was studied. Some ionic liquids were demonstrated to offer benefits in comparison to oil in the fabrication of carbon paste type electrode due to an increased adsorption of analytes. The ionic “liquid” (with a melting point above room temperature) n-octyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate [C8py][PF6] was shown to be useful in combination with carbon nanotubes as a composite electrode or as a modifier to a screen-printed electrode to significantly enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical detection via adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Overall the carbon-based electrodes studied have demonstrated excellent utility as electrode materials in the areas of electrochemical sensing and energetics investigations.
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Chou, Alison Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "Investigations of carbon nanotube modified electrodes." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemistry, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27397.

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The work presented in this thesis is concerned with electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have been characterised with special emphasis on the oxygenated species generated from cutting in acid mixtures. Several different techniques have been used for the analysis, especially infrared spectroscopy (IR) in combination with X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM). TEM analyses were used to reveal the morphological differences between various nanotube cutting times. The lengths of the nanotube were found to decrease with increasing cutting time. Electrochemical measurements were performed on carbon nanotube modified electrodes using nanotubes of different cutting time. The peak separation of ferricyanide redox reaction was found to depend strongly on the length of nanotube and also on the orientation of nanotube at the interface. Whilst at the randomly dispersed, the peak separation showed a decrease with decreasing nanotube length, vertically aligned nanotubes showed no dependence of the peak separation on the nanotube length. Electrochemical results together with spectroscopy measurements show that the highly electroactive edge planes were located on the carbon nanotubes and the oxygenated species in the ends of the nanotubes from cutting in acid mixtures were responsible for the good electrochemical properties. Bamboo-shaped carbon nanotube is a morphological variation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes where the graphite planes are formed at an angle to the axis of the tube. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with bambootype carbon nanotubes showed greater electrochemical signal compared with electrodes modified with singlewalled carbon nanotubes due to the edge planes of graphite located at regular intervals along the walls of the bamboo-shaped carbon nanotube, thus confirming the importance of the ends of nanotube in controlling the kinetics of electron transfer events. Effect of nanotube orientation was studied using ferrocenemethylamine attached to randomly dispersed and vertically aligned nanotubes. The electron transfer kinetics was found to depend strongly on the orientation of the nanotube with the electron transfer at the randomly dispersed slower than vertically aligned. Results were addressed using the analogy that the ends of the nanotubes are like the ends of the tubes can be described as edge-plane-like whilst the tube walls are basal-plane-like. Difference in electron transfer kinetics suggested that the electron transfer in nanotubes could occur via two different pathways: through the edge plane-like opening of the nanotube or by hopping across the walls of the nanotube. Triton X-100 was used to dialyse the acid cut nanotubes. XPS analysis of dialysed nanotubes was compared with non-dialysed nanotubes. A reduced concentration of sulfate ions was found in the dialysesd sample. Nitrate ion (407 eV) was removed after dialysis. Amino groups (400 ev) and protonated amino-group (402 eV) both seemed to be removed slowly by dialysis. Theses ions could be ascribed to residual ions trapped inside nanotubes from cutting in acid mixtures. The electrochemical response of ferrocenemethylamine was also studied. The electron transfer rate constants were rate constants were higher at dialysed nanotube assembly than non-dialysed, which was attributed to doping effect incurred from cutting. Electron transfer between nanotube and gold electrode surface was studied by attaching nanotubes to linker length of 6, 8, and 11 carbons. The results were exploited to rationalise the role of the chemical structure of the nanotubes in facilitating electron transfer from the redox species to the electrode surface that was otherwise suppressed without the presence of nanotubes. The observed redox activity was a consequence of resonant electron transfer from the LUMO of the acceptor to the HOMO of the donor under the influence of an applied voltage, assuming the nanotube modified electrode behaves similarly to the metal-molecule-metal junction mode.
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Mutha, Heena K. "Carbon nanotube electrodes for capacitive deionization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85478.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 80-85).
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a desalination method where voltage is applied across high surface area carbon, adsorbing salt ions and removing them from the water stream. CDI has the potential to be more efficient than existing desalination technologies for brackish water, and more portable due to its low power requirements. In order to optimize salt adsorption in CDI, we need a better understanding of salt adsorption and the electrode properties involved in ion removal. Current materials are highly porous, with tortuous geometeries, overlapping double layers, and subnanometer diameters. In this work, we design ordered-geometry, vertically-aligned carbon nanotube electrodes. The CNTs in this study have 2-3 walls, inner diameter of 5.6 nm and outer diameter of 7.7 nm. The capacitance and charging dynamics were investigated using three-electrode cell testing in sodium chloride solution. We found that the material capacitance was 20-40 F/g and the charging time varies linearly with CNT height. The data was matched with the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model indicating that porous effects were negligible. Charging rates of CNTs compared to microporous activated carbon fiber, show that CNTs are more efficient at charging by weight. However, densification and surface functionalization will be necessary to enhance CNT performance by planar area. Future work will involve investigating electrodes in a flow-through cell to use salt adsorption data to determine the influence on electrode thickness on salt adsorption in channel flow.
by Heena K. Mutha.
S.M.
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Jiang, Luyun. "Electrochemical studies at modified carbon electrodes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac0facb7-d524-4f27-b480-e5f615d8bf2e.

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Electrochemistry finds widespread applications in the field of chemical analysis, so-called electroanalysis, as well as in electrosynthesis. The results obtained can be highly dependent on the chemical nature of the electrode used, and chemically modified electrodes are often employed to fine tune the electrochemistry to suit particular applications. This thesis is concerned with the investigation of the use of carbon materials, both as electrode substrates and electrode modifiers, primarily for electrochemical analysis. The work has been carried out using a range of electrochemical voltammetric techniques, as well as impedance measurements. A number of physical methods, including electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, have also been used to determine the physical and chemical structures of the materials employed. The use of boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) for the electrochemical detection of H2O2 was explored. Although BDDE shows no useful electrochemical response to H2O2, a good electrochemical signal can be obtained if the electrode is modified with silver nanoparticles or haemoglobin. The best results are obtained using electrode interfaces fabricated by binding haemoglobin in an active form to silver nanoparticles prepared by electrodeposition on the BDDE in the presence of the surfactant CH3(CH2)15Br, permitting state of the art performance with a limit of detection (LOD) < 0.5μM. The presence of haemoglobin at the BDDE surface is also capable of catalysing the electrochemical reduction from Ag+(aq) to silver particles. However it reduces their adhesion to the electrode surface, hence they are lost to solution. This observation was used to demonstrate a viable process for the electrosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles, producing particles of about 10 nm diameter at a yield of approximately 50%. The effects of modifying a glassy carbon electrode with various forms of nanocarbon material for the electrochemical detection of phenolic compounds including hydroquinone (HQ) and dihydroxybenzene (DHB) were studied. The nanocarbons considered included carbon black, graphene nanoplatelets and nanodiamond, for which the former two materials were found to show a large increase in the detection sensitivity. It was shown that the simultaneous detection of HQ and DHB was possible using these electrodes, and in 'real' samples such as river water and green tea. Additional modification of the electrodes with tyrosine also permitted detection of phenol and p-cresol. The nanodiamond and carbon black modified electrodes were also employed for the electrochemical detection of Bisphenol A (BPA), which can be severely hampered by electropolymerisation of the oxidation products of BPA, producing rapid electrode fouling. However because of the inert nature of diamond surfaces, it is shown that this fouling process can be minimised by modifying the glassy carbon electrode with nanodiamond. Alternatively, it was also observed that for the carbon black modified electrode, a strong electrochemical response could be seen associated with the quinone forms produced by BPA oxidation. The associated electrochemical signal is also found to be relatively insensitive to electrode fouling, opening up an alternative strategy for the detection of BPA. Finally the use of a carbon black modified glassy carbon electrode for the detection of dopamine in the presence of the interfering compounds, ascorbic and uric acids, was studied. The carbon black modifier is shown to increase detection sensitivity, and help separate the electrochemical signals of the differing redox active species present in the solution.
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Hu, Ing-Feng. "Activation and deactivation of glassy carbon electrodes /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726339902366.

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Reiter, Fernando. "Carbon based nanomaterials as transparent conductive electrodes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41070.

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Optically transparent carbon based nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) are promising candidates as transparent conductive electrodes due to their high electrical conductivity coupled with high optical transparency, can be flexed several times with minimal deterioration in their electronic properties, and do not require costly high vacuum processing conditions. CNTs are easily solution processed through the use of surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium cholate(SC). Allowing CNTs to be deposited onto transparent substrates through vacuum filtration, ultrasonic spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, and inkjet printing. However, surfactants are electrically insulating, limit chemical doping, and increase optical absorption thereby decreasing overall performance of electrodes. Surfactants can be removed through nitric acid treatment and annealing in an inert environment (e.g. argon). In this thesis, the impact of surfactant removal on electrode performance was investigated. Nitric acid treatment has been shown to p-dope CNTs and remove the surfactant SDS. However, nitric acid p-doping is naturally dedoped with exposure to air, does not completely remove the surfactant SC, and has been shown to damage CNTs by creating defect sites. Annealing at temperatures up to 1000°C is advantageous in that it removes insulating surfactants. However, annealing may also remove surface functional groups that dope CNTs. Therefore, there are competing effects when annealing CNT electrodes. The impacts on electrode performance were investigated through the use of conductive-tip atomic force microscopy, sheet resistance, and transmittance measurements. In this thesis, the potential of graphene CNT composite electrodes as high performing transparent electrodes was investigated. As-made and annealed graphene oxide CNT composites electrodes were studied. Finally, a chemical vapor deposition grown graphene CNT composite electrode was also studied.
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Ibrahim, Norahim. "Sensor innovations based on modified carbon electrodes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557802.

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This thesis describes experimental work on electrochemical sensing mechanisms. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 provide an introduction to electrochemical and surface science techniques as well as nano-carbon materials which are of interest in electroanalysis and sensing. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 focus on electrochemical processes at liquid | liquid | electrode triple phase boundary systems. In Chapter 3 the electrochemical behaviour of CoPc (cobalt phthalocyanine) dissolved into an organic water –insoluble liquid and deposited as microdroplets on a graphite electrode is studied. Both cation and anion transfer are observed at the liquid | liquid phase boundary. Chapter 4 describes redox processes of a highly hydrophobic anthraquinone derivative where preferential transfer of protons and pH sensitivity are observed. Both systems, CoPc and anthraquinone derivative, are investigated towards CO2 sensitivity. In Chapter 3 and 4 graphite electrodes are employed, but in Chapter 5 graphitic carbon nanoaprticles are employed with a surface functionalisation to provide binding capability to DNA fragments. Layer-by-layer deposition of DNA-carbon nanoparticle composite film electrodes is demonstrated and the electrochemical properties of the films are investigated. A novel type of DNA hybridisation sensing mechanism based on a nano-gap generator – collector electrode system is proposed. Chapters 6 and 7 are dedicated to gas sensing with a novel electrochemical system based on ionomer spheres in contact to the working electrode. In Chapter 6 Dowex ionomer particles are impregnated with carbon nanoparticles which are functionalised with DOPA to provide redox activity and Faradaic current responses. The effect of ionomer type and gas composition is studied. In Chapter 7 Prussian blue nanoparticles are immobilised onto the ionomer particle surface to provide a sensing system with peroxide sensitivity. Overall, this thesis contributes to sensing of bio-molecules and of gases. By introducing new types of interfaces (triple phase boundary, ionomer contacts, carbon nanoparticle redox systems) it is shown that sensitivity and selectivity can be tailored. In future these types of sensor prototypes could be further developed for specific applications.
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Shukr, Delan. "Carbon nanomaterials as electrical conductors in electrodes." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85056.

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In this project, different molecules have been investigated with the purpose of creating anohmic contact between metals and carbon nano materials. In particular, we considered simplemolecules connecting a graphene layer and a copper-slab. In order to determine the capability of such systems, the electronic structure was computedusing Density Functional Theory (DFT). Structural relaxation was performed in order to findcandidates where the metal and the graphene binds chemically with the hypothesis that thehybridization of the states will induce more states at the Fermi level. Six different molecularchains were tested and three of them were found to chemisorb to the graphene sheet and thecopper surface simultaneously. The electronic properties for these systems were then furtherinvestigated using the density of states (DOS). An overlap density of states (ODOS) wasdefined in order to evaluate the respective contribution of the graphene, metal and molecule. From the DOS analysis, we report that these systems did not form ohmic contacts as the resultshows too few states close to the Fermi level. The most interesting case was using a hexanolchain which had some partially overlapping states seen from the ODOS of the graphenemoleculeand graphene-Cu at the Fermi level. However, these were only small contributions.Further research is crucial in order to find a more suitable molecular chain between thegraphene and the copper for an ohmic contact.
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Wang, Tong. "Electrospun carbon nanofibers for electrochemical capacitor electrodes." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22563.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Committee Chair: Satish Kumar; Committee Member: Anselm Griffin; Committee Member: John D. Muzzy; Committee Member: Ravi Bellamkonda; Committee Member: Rina Tannenbaum.
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Books on the topic "Electrodes, Carbon"

1

Electroanalysis with carbon paste electrodes. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Kane, David A. Modified carbon electrodes for neurochemical analysis. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Influence of raw material properties on the reactivity of carbon anodes used in the electrolytic production of aluminium. Düsseldorf: Aluminium-Verlag, 1993.

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Swindells, P. G. Enzyme-modified carbon-based electrodes as amperometric sensors. Wolverhampton: The Polytechnic, 1990.

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Ramins, Peter. Performance of textured carbon on copper electrode multistage depressed collectors with medium-power traveling wave tubes. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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Reade, Gavin W. Mass transport to rotating reticulated vitreous carbon cylinder electrodes. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 1996.

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Szroeder, Paweł. Fizyka powierzchni międzyfazowej węgli niskowymiarowych i roztworów jonowych: Physics of the interface of low dimensional carbons and ionic solutions. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2013.

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London, England) International Seminar on Advances in Carbon Electronics (3rd 2004. The third International Seminar on Advances in Carbon Electronics: Friday, 1 October 2004. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2004.

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Nieto-Rodriguez, Alberto. Study of the corrosion of carbon and its impurities in PTFE-bonded alkaline fuel cell electrodes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Collisions of carbon and oxygen ions with electrons, H. H2, and He. [Oak Ridge, Tenn.]: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Controlled Fusion Atomic Data Center, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrodes, Carbon"

1

Liang, Chu, Chengfu Zeng, and Sheng Liang. "Carbon-Based Electrodes." In ACS Symposium Series, 1–14. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1414.ch001.

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Barnes, Teresa M., and Jeffrey L. Blackburn. "Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrodes." In Transparent Electronics, 185–211. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470710609.ch7.

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Esplandiu, María José. "Electrochemistry on Carbon-Nanotube-Modified Surfaces." In Chemically Modified Electrodes, 117–68. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527627059.ch3.

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Shiba, Shunsuke, Tomoyuki Kamata, Dai Kato, and Osamu Niwa. "Electroanalysis with Carbon Film-based Electrodes." In Nanocarbons for Electroanalysis, 1–25. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119243915.ch1.

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Kumar, Arun, Naba Kumar Rana, and Dhriti Sundar Ghosh. "Carbon-Based Electrodes for Perovskite Photovoltaics." In Carbon Nanomaterial Electronics: Devices and Applications, 387–418. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1052-3_16.

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Chen, Changxin, and Yafei Zhang. "Ultrasonic Nanowelding Technology Between Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Electrodes." In Nanowelded Carbon Nanotubes, 47–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01499-4_4.

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Chien, Jennifer B., Reginaldo A. Saraceno, and Andrew G. Ewing. "Intracellular Voltammetry with Ultrasmall Carbon Ring Electrodes." In Redox Chemistry and Interfacial Behavior of Biological Molecules, 417–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9534-2_31.

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Ivanov, Ilia N., Matthew P. Garrett, and Rosario A. Gerhardt. "Carbon Nanotube Assemblies for Transparent Conducting Electrodes." In Nanoscale Applications for Information and Energy Systems, 117–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5016-0_4.

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Jia, Hongfei, Xueyan Zhao, Jungbae Kim, and Ping Wang. "Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Biofuel Cells." In ACS Symposium Series, 273–88. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0986.ch018.

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Lobato, Belén. "Carbon Materials as Electrodes of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors: Textural and Electrochemical Characterization." In Carbon Related Materials, 149–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7610-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrodes, Carbon"

1

Gao, Feng, Jianmin Qu, and Matthew Yao. "Conducting Properties of a Contact Between Open-End Carbon Nanotube and Various Electrodes." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11117.

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The carbon nanotube (CNT) is becoming a promising candidate as electrical interconnects in nanoscale electronics. This paper reports the electronic structure and the electrical conducting properties at the interface between an open-end single wall CNT (SWCNT) and various metal electrodes, such as Al, Au, Cu, and Pd. A simulation cell consisting of an SWCNT with each end connected to the metal electrode was constructed. A voltage bias is prescribed between the left- and right-electrodes to compute the electronic conductance. Due to the electronic structure, the electron density and local density of states (LDOS) are calculated to reveal the interaction behavior at the interfaces. The first-principle quantum mechanical density functional and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approaches are adopted to compute the transport coefficient. After that, the voltage-current relation is calculated using the Landauer-Buttiker formalism. The results show that electrons are conducted through the electrode/CNT/electrode two-probe system. The contact electronic resistance is calculated by averaging the values in the low voltage bias regime (0.0–0.1 V), in which the voltage–current relationship is found to be linear. And the electrical contact conductance of electrode/CNT/electrode system show the electrode-type dependent, however, the amplitude for different electrodes is of the same order.
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Fuerth, D., and A. Bazylak. "Carbon Based Electrodes for Upscaling Microfluidic Fuel Cells." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91043.

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In this work, we present an experimental microfluidic fuel cell with a novel up-scaled porous electrode architecture that provides higher overall power output compared to conventional microfluidic fuel cells and a methodology for electrode material evaluation to inform designs for improved performance. Our proof-of-concept architecture is an up-scaled version of a previously presented flow-through cell with more than nine times the active electrode surface area. We employed 0.04M formic acid and 0.01M potassium permanganate as fuel and oxidant, respectively, dissolved in a 1M sulfuric acid electrolyte. Platinum black was employed as the catalyst for both anode and cathode. Carbon based porous electrodes including felt, cloth, fibre, and foam were compared to traditional Toray carbon paper in order to characterize their respective performances. We also discussed current densities normalized by electrode volume, which is appropriate for comparison of flow-through architectures. The traditional method of current normalization by projected electrode surface area is also presented.
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Ciceroni, C., G. Mincuzzi, G. Ulisse, A. Di Carlo, and F. Brunetti. "Patterned carbon nanotubes semitransparent electrodes." In 2014 IEEE 14th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2014.6968130.

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Seto, Kelvin S. H., and Brian M. Ikeda. "Model Passivated Carbon Electrodes for Fluorine Generation in MSRs and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16642.

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Elemental fluorine, F2, is used in the nuclear fuel cycle for the isotopic separation of uranium-235 and 238, as well as for the purification of LiF-BeF2 in molten salt reactors. F2 is generated on an industrial scale by an electrochemical process using carbon electrodes in a KF-2HF molten salt. Carbon electrodes are used for industrial F2 generation due to its chemical stability, high conductivity, and relatively low cost. One of the main issues faced when using carbon electrodes in this chemical system is passivation through the formation of C-F compounds on the surface of the electrode. This results in a loss of anode wettability to the electrolyte and diminished charge transfer rate. The voltage needed for the fluorine evolution reaction increases which negatively impacts the safety of the system, increases the operating costs, and leads to faster degradation of the electrode. The degradation of electrical properties during passivation is progressive, eventually leading to electrode deactivation. The process of deactivation begins with a passivating C-F layer at potentials above the equilibrium potential (2.92 V). The layer is both non-wetting to the KF-2HF media and insulating. Deactivation begins with inhibited F2 bubble detachment, formation of a persistent gas layer, and finally deactivation as the electrode surface is completely covered by a thick, insulating C-F layer causing charge transfer to cease. Only a small current is able to flow, even at high potentials (up to 9 V), indicating F2 generation is completely inhibited. The purpose of this study is to manufacture and test model carbon electrodes and, to examine the non-wetting properties of a partially fluorinated surface. The electrodes will be prepared by mixing PTFE-particles with Vulcan carbon powder and then pressing to form pellets. These electrodes should have a reproducible surface for electrochemical performance studies that will lead to a better understanding of the surface chemistry. The research will develop novel electrodes with a goal to minimize the voltage required for F2 production. This will enhance the efficiency in the overall process and lower the manufacturing costs for F2. Carbon electrodes with different PTFE-content (20 w.% and 35 w.%) were synthesized. Electrochemical fluorination was then carried out at different potentials in the F2 generation region (4 to 8 V) in molten KF·2HF electrolyte at ∼90 °C. The electrochemical behaviour of the carbon-PTFE electrodes was examined and compared for both fluorine passivated and non-passivated graphite, amorphous carbon, and vitreous carbon electrodes. The growth of the electrical double-layer capacitance between the carbon electrodes and the KF·2HF molten salt was studied. The effects of composition of fluorinated and non-fluorinated carbon on electrode performance are presented.
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Shinde, Sachin Maruti, Madhuri Sharon, and Maheshwar Sharon. "Electrodes for H[sub 2] and O[sub 2] in alkaline media." In CARBON MATERIALS 2012 (CCM12): Carbon Materials for Energy Harvesting, Environment, Nanoscience and Technology. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810032.

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Sanginario, A., D. Demarchi, M. Giorcelli, and M. Castellino. "Carbon nanotube electrodes for electrochemiluminescence biosensors." In 2010 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smicnd.2010.5649091.

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Amaratunga, Gehan. "Nanostructured carbon electrodes for energy storage." In 2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escinano.2010.5701094.

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An, Kay Hyeok. "Supercapacitors using singlewalled carbon nanotube electrodes." In NANONETWORK MATERIALS: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Related Systems. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1420099.

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Amaratunga, Gehan. "Nanostructured carbon electrodes for energy storage." In 8th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference and Nanocarbon (2010 IVESC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivesc.2010.5644381.

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Sanginario, A., D. Demarchi, M. Giorcelli, M. Castellino, A. Tagliaferro, and P. Civera. "Carbon nanotube electrodes for electrochemiluminescence biosensors." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626571.

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Reports on the topic "Electrodes, Carbon"

1

Farmer, J. C., J. H. Richardson, and D. V. Fix. Desalination with carbon aerogel electrodes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/515979.

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Farmer, Joseph C., Jeffrey H. Richardson, David V. Fix, Scott L. Thomson, and Sherman C. May. Desalination with Carbon Aerogel Electrodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada349204.

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Kumar, S. Carbon Nanotube Based Electrochemical Supercapacitor Electrodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561536.

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Greg M. Swain, PI. Metal/Diamond Composite Thin-Film Electrodes: New Carbon Supported Catalytic Electrodes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948861.

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Farmer, J. C., J. H. Richardson, D. V. Fix, S. L. Thomson, and S. C. May. Desalination with carbon aerogel electrodes. Revision 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491952.

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Farmer, J. C., D. V. Fix, G. V. Mack, R. W. Pekala, and J. F. Poco. Capacitive, deionization with carbon aerogel electrodes: Carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/125000.

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Locke, B. R., M. Kirkpatrick, H. Hanson, and W. C. Finney. Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrodes for Gas Phase Pulsed Corona Reactors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368843.

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Ritter, James A. Supercapacitors and Batteries from Sol-Gel Derived Carbon - Metal Oxide Electrodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392659.

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Lau, Yau Y., Takayuki Abe, and Andrew G. Ewing. Voltammetric Measurement of Oxygen in Single Neurons Using Platinized Carbon Ring Electrodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252191.

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J.M. Calo. SPOUTED BED ELECTRODES (SBE) FOR DIRECT UTILIZATION OF CARBON IN FUEL CELLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841009.

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