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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrochemical technique'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Altufaily, Mohammad Abid Muslim Abdullah, and Ahmed Muslem Hashim Mohammad. "Modeling and Improvement of Aqueous Pollutants Removal Using Electrochemical Technique." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 12 (December 20, 2019): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11i12/20193222.

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2

Natarj, Shubha H., Venkatesha T. Venkatarangaiah, and Anantha N. Subbarao. "Electrochemical surface modification technique to impede mild steel corrosion using Perfluorooctanoic Acid." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 5, no. 4 (February 16, 2016): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.211.

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<div><p><em>The present work demonstrated that corrosion inhibition efficiency of electrochemically generated organic coat is remarkably effective than self-assembled monolayer (SAM) generated by dip coating technique. Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) is used to modify mild steel surface for effective protection. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and contact angle measurements substantiate the modification of mild steel surface and its effect on surface hydrophobicity. A comparison between electrochemical properties of PFOA SAM generated by dip coat method (DC-PFOA) and PFOA coat generated by electrochemical method (EC-PFOA) is presented. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the corrosion protection efficiency of EC-PFOA (91%) is much superior to DC-PFOA (28%). </em></p></div>

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3

Unwin, P. R., J. V. Macpherson, M. A. Beeston, N. J. Evans, D. Littlewood, and N. P. Hughes. "New Electrochemical Techniques for Probing Phase Transfer Dynamics at Dental Interfaces in Vitro." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 4 (November 1997): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110042401.

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Phase transfer reactions such as dissolution, precipitation, sorption, and desorption are important in a wide range of processes on dental hard tissue surfaces. An overview is provided of several new complementary electrochemical techniques which are capable of probing the dynamics of such processes at solid/liquid interfaces from millimeter- to nanometer-length scales, with a variable time resolution down to the sub-millisecond level. Techniques considered include channel flow methods with electrochemical detection, which allow reactions at solid/liquid interfaces to be studied under well-defined and calculable mass transport regimes. Scanning electrochemical microscopy allows the chemical activity of interfaces to be mapped at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This technique, which utilizes a scanning ultramicroelectrode, has been used extensively for the study of dissolution processes of ionic crystals, as well as in imaging the action of fluid-flow-blocking agents on dentin surfaces, which act via precipitation. So that interfaces at the nanometer level can be probed, an integrated electrochemical-atomic force microscope has been developed which enables the local solution conditions to be controlled electrochemically while topographical changes are mapped simultaneously.

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4

Minhai, Huang, Ye Mingku, and Tian Zhaowu. "POLYACETYLENE FILM FORMED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 1, no. 02 (1985): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19850211.

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5

Mocák, Ján, Michal Németh, Mieczyslaw Lapkowski, and Jerzy W. Strojek. "Spectrocoulometry – a new spectro-electrochemical technique." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 6 (1987): 1386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871386.

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A spectrocoulometric macrocell with a direct-view optical probe was designed and constructed, where the optical signal is transferred by light-conducting glass or quartz fibres permitting to work at wavelengths above 410 or 300 nm. The method of measurement on the proposed equipment is described; it was tested in the study of the mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of Fe(bipy)32+ ions (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) with the use of potentiostatic coulometric electrolysis with open-circuit relaxation at a suitable time. The primary product of electrolysis, Fe(bipy)33+, undergoes a follow-up hydrolytic reaction with the formation of a binuclear complex. The rate constant of the reaction of the first order involves the contributions, kBi, from all bases present in solution; the corresponding values for H2O, OH-, bipy, and CH3COO- ions at a ionic strength 0·5 mol dm-3 and 25 °C were determined as kOH = (5·0 ± 0·6) . 105 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kbipy = (1·3 ± 0·2) . 10-1 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kAc = (5·8 ± 1·0) . 10-2 mol-1 dm3 s-1, and kH2O is not significant with respect to experimental errors.

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6

Singh, Ravi Chand, Manwinder Singh, and H. S. Virk. "Electrochemical etching technique for neutron dosimetry." Indian Journal of Physics 83, no. 6 (June 2009): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-009-0035-x.

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7

Cao, Xian Long, Yi De Xiao, Hong Da Deng, Peng Jun Cao, and Bi Jia. "Evaluation of Atmospheric Corrosivity by ACM Technique." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.3.

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The atmospheric corrosion has been shown to be an electrochemical process, the atmospheric corrosion behavior of Q235 stell evaluated with ACM (Atmospheric corrosion monitor) electrochemical technique was investigated in the study. The experimental results showed that there existed a close relation between electrochemical data and climatic parameters was confirmed. Taking into consideration accuracy and sensitivity of electrochemical technique, the ISO-standardized time of wetness (TOW) seems to be too conservative. SO2 seems to be more aggressive than chloride on metal corrosion in the early stage of atmospheric corrosion but the complexion reverses in the final stage of atmospheric corrosion. The ratio of corrosion rate from integration of ACM current to corrosion rate from weight loss of test specimens, that is, cell factor is fairly constant at the same test site but varied greatly between test sites. Based on constant cell factors and close relation between electrochemical data and climatic parameters in all test sites, ACM electrochemical technique can evaluate and classify the short-term atmospheric corrosivity as a substitute for gravimetric method, and the verification shows that atmospheric corrosivity classifications according to integration of ACM current and especially to cell factor coincide with the specifications of ISO Standard.

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8

Honeychurch. "Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines." Biosensors 9, no. 4 (November 2, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040130.

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The benzodiazepine class of drugs are characterised by a readily electrochemically reducible azomethine group. A number are also substituted by other electrochemically active nitro, N-oxide, and carbonyl groups, making them readily accessible to electrochemical determination. Techniques such as polarography, voltammetry, and potentiometry have been employed for pharmaceutical and biomedical samples, requiring little sample preparation. This review describes current developments in the design and applications of electrochemical-based approaches for the determination of the benzodiazepine class of drugs form their introduction in the early 1960s to 2019. Throughout this period, state-of-the-art electroanalytical techniques have been reported for their determination. Polarography was first employed focused on mechanistic investigations. Subsequent studies showed the adsorption of many the benzodiazepines at Hg electrodes allowed for the highly sensitive technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to be employed. The development and introduction of other working electrode materials such as carbon led to techniques such as voltammetry to become commonly reported, and the modification of these electrodes has now become the most commonly employed approach using molecularly imprinting and nanotechnology.

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9

Tran, Hoang Vinh, Hue Thi Minh Dang, Luyen Thi Tran, Chau Van Tran, and Chinh Dang Huynh. "Metal-Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe): Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Application in Development of a Novel and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Cadmium Ions in Aqueous Solutions." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6279278.

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A metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. A synthesized MIL-53(Fe) sample was characterized, and results indicated that the formed MIL-53(Fe) was a single phase with small particle size of 0.8 μm and homogeneous particle size distribution was obtained. The synthesized MIL-53(Fe) has been used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a drop-casting technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE showed that the MIL-53(Fe) was successfully immobilized onto the GCE electrode surface and the electrochemical behavior of the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode was stable. In addition, several electrochemical parameters of MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE (GCE/MIL-53(Fe)) including the heterogeneous standard rate constant ( k 0 ) and the electrochemically effective surface area ( A ) were calculated. Obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized MIL-53(Fe) with the small particle size, highly homogeneous particle size, and high electrochemically effective surface area was able to significantly enhance the electrochemical response signal of the working electrode. Therefore, the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode has been used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for cadmium ion (Cd(II)) monitoring in aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The response signal of the electrochemical sensor increased linearly in the Cd(II) ion concentration range from 150 nM to 450 nM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM.

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10

Krawiec, Halina. "Application of the Electrochemical Microcell Technique in Solid State Surface Analysis." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.549.

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In the two last decades, the Electrochemical Microcell Technique (EMT) was used in various electrochemical surface investigations. The diameter of microcapillaries was in the range between few and few hundred microns. This technique was commonly used in corrosion research. Indeed, metallic alloys exhibit a complex microstructure consisting of different metallic and intermetallic phases, inclusions, precipitates... The use of microcapillaries based techniques like EMT makes possible to perform local electrochemical measurements in individual phases. Therefore, it was possible to get information about the behavior of a single grain, inclusion, precipitate... From these information, precursor sites can be identified and criteria leading to corrosion can be proposed.

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11

Bosch, R. W., J. Hubrecht, W. F. Bogaerts, and B. C. Syrett. "Electrochemical Frequency Modulation: A New Electrochemical Technique for Online Corrosion Monitoring." CORROSION 57, no. 1 (January 2001): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3290331.

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12

Dexter, S. C., D. J. Duquette, O. W. Siebert, and H. A. Videla. "Use and Limitations of Electrochemical Techniques for Investigating Microbiological Corrosion." Corrosion 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3585258.

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Abstract Electrochemical techniques such as: corrosion and critical pitting potential measurements, direct current potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance, split-cell current measurements, electrochemical impedance, electrochemical noise, and electrical resistance probes are evaluated for use in investigating microbiologically influenced corrosion. Examples are given to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of each technique.

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13

Hung, Yi-Fang, Chia Cheng, Chun-Kai Huang, and Chii-Rong Yang. "A Facile Method for Batch Preparation of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030376.

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The electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving method for improving the characteristics of GO. However, GO films must be coated on the cathode electrode in advance when usingthis technique. Thus, the formed electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO) films can be used only as sensing or conductive materials in devices because mass production of the flakes is not possible. Therefore, this study proposes a facile electrochemical reduction technique. In this technique, GO flakes can be directly used as reduced materials, and no GO films are required in advance. A 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline solution was used as the electrolyte, which is a highly safe chemical agent. Experimental results revealed that the as-prepared GO flakes were electrochemically reduced to form ERGO flakes by using a −10 V bias for 8 h. The ratio of the D-band and G-band feature peaks was increased from 0.86 to 1.12, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy, the π-π stacking interaction operating between the ERGO and GO has been revealed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the C–O ratio was increased from 2.02 to 2.56, as indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the ERGO film (3.83 × 10−1 S·cm−1) was considerably better than that of the GO film (7.92 × 10−4 S·cm−1). These results demonstrate that the proposed electrochemical reduction technique can provide high-quality ERGO flakes and that it has potential for large-scale production.

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14

Garg, Mayank, Martin Christensen, Alexander Iles, Amit Sharma, Suman Singh, and Nicole Pamme. "Microfluidic-Based Electrochemical Immunosensing of Ferritin." Biosensors 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10080091.

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Ferritin is a clinically important biomarker which reflects the state of iron in the body and is directly involved with anemia. Current methods available for ferritin estimation are generally not portable or they do not provide a fast response. To combat these issues, an attempt was made for lab-on-a-chip-based electrochemical detection of ferritin, developed with an integrated electrochemically active screen-printed electrode (SPE), combining nanotechnology, microfluidics, and electrochemistry. The SPE surface was modified with amine-functionalized graphene oxide to facilitate the binding of ferritin antibodies on the electrode surface. The functionalized SPE was embedded in the microfluidic flow cell with a simple magnetic clamping mechanism to allow continuous electrochemical detection of ferritin. Ferritin detection was accomplished via cyclic voltammetry with a dynamic linear range from 7.81 to 500 ng·mL−1 and an LOD of 0.413 ng·mL−1. The sensor performance was verified with spiked human serum samples. Furthermore, the sensor was validated by comparing its response with the response of the conventional ELISA method. The current method of microfluidic flow cell-based electrochemical ferritin detection demonstrated promising sensitivity and selectivity. This confirmed the plausibility of using the reported technique in point-of-care testing applications at a much faster rate than conventional techniques.

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15

Shan, Hongyou, Jinxia Xu, Linhua Jiang, and Zhuyin Wang. "Improvement of mortar durability by electrochemical technique." Advances in Cement Research 29, no. 10 (November 2017): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jadcr.16.00158.

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16

Peeters, E., D. Lapadatu, R. Puers, and W. Sansen. "PHET, an electrodeless photovoltaic electrochemical etchstop technique." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 3, no. 3 (1994): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/84.311561.

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17

Schneider, Oliver, Sladjana Martens, and Christos Argirusis. "Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique in Sonoelectrochemistry." ECS Transactions 25, no. 28 (December 17, 2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3309679.

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18

Seidl, L., N. Bucher, E. Chu, S. Hartung, S. Martens, O. Schneider, and U. Stimming. "Intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite." Energy & Environmental Science 10, no. 7 (2017): 1631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00546f.

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The reversible intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite and the concomitant formation of ternary Na–graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are studied using several in operando techniques, such as X-ray-diffraction (XRD), electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique (EQCM).

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19

Křížková, S., O. Zítka, V. Adam, M. Beklová, A. Horna, Z. Svobodová, B. Sures, L. Trnková, L. Zeman, and R. Kizek. "Possibilities of electrochemical techniques in metallothionein and lead detection in fish tissues." Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2232-cjas.

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In the present paper, we report on the use of adsorptive transfer stripping technique in connection with chronopotentiometric stripping analysis for metallothionein determination and of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for lead detection in tissues of wild perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>, <i>n</i> = 6) from the Svratka River in Brno, Czech Republic. Primarily, we determined the content of MT in tissues (muscles, gonads, liver and spleen) of perch. We measured the highest content of MT in spleen and liver (100−350 ng MT per gram of fresh weight). We assume that the content of MT determined in perch tissues is probably related with the age of the fish and, therefore, with their exposition to heavy metals naturally occurring in the Svratka River. We detected a lead concentration in the tissues of one perch. It clearly follows from the results that the content of MT well correlates with the concentration of lead.

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20

Lupu, Stelian, Laura Pigani, Renato Seeber, Fabio Terzi, and Chiara Zanardi. "Study of Ultrathin Prussian Blue Films Using in situ Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 2 (2005): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20050154.

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Characterisation of ultrathin Prussian Blue films has been performed using in situ electrochemical surface plasmon resonance technique. Prussian Blue films have been prepared by potentiostatic method on a gold-coated glass surface plasmon resonance sensor. The electrochemical reduction of Prussian Blue to Prussian White and oxidation to Berlin Green are accompanied by a change of the refractive index; the system shows repeating voltammetric responses over subsequent potential cycles. The surface plasmon resonance signal is capable of evidencing minute electrochemically induced changes in the inorganic film coating the electrode.

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21

Branzoi, Ioan Viorel, Mihai Iordoc, and Florina Branzoi. "Evaluation of Electrochemical Behaviour and Surface Properties for Oxinium-Like Zr-Nb Biomedical Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 415 (September 2009): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.415.13.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of Nb amount on electrochemical behaviour and surface properties for Oxinium-like Zr-Nb biomedical alloys. Oxinium (heat treated Zr-2.5%Nb alloy) represents the newest metal-ceramic composite used in orthopaedic surgery for total hip and total knee replacement. We used potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as electrochemical techniques and Vickers micro-hardness as surface properties evaluation technique.

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22

Conzuelo, Felipe, Albert Schulte, and Wolfgang Schuhmann. "Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, no. 2218 (October 2018): 20180409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0409.

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and versatile technique for visualizing the local electrochemical activity of a surface as an ultramicroelectrode tip is moved towards or over a sample of interest using precise positioning systems. In comparison with other scanning probe techniques, SECM not only enables topographical surface mapping but also gathers chemical information with high spatial resolution. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of biological samples, including living cells and immobilized biomacromolecules such as enzymes, antibodies and DNA fragments. Moreover, combinations of SECM with complementary analytical tools broadened its applicability and facilitated multi-functional analysis with extended life science capabilities. The aim of this review is to present a brief topical overview on recent applications of biological SECM, with particular emphasis on important technical improvements of this surface imaging technique, recommended applications and future trends.

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23

Denuault, G. "Electrochemical techniques and sensors for ocean research." Ocean Science 5, no. 4 (December 17, 2009): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-697-2009.

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Abstract. This paper presents a review of applications of electrochemical methods in ocean sensing. It follows the white paper presented at the OceanSensors08 workshop held at the Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde, Germany, from 31 March to 4 April 2008. The principles of electrochemical techniques are briefly recalled and described. For each technique, relevant electrochemical sensors are discussed; known successful deployments of electrochemical sensors are recalled; challenges experienced when taking sensors from the research lab to the field are raised; future trends in development and applications are proposed and assessed for their potential for oceanographic applications; where possible technological readiness levels are estimated. The document is supported with references drawn from both the electrochemical and oceanographic literature.

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Denuault, G. "Electrochemical techniques and sensors for ocean research." Ocean Science Discussions 6, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 1857–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-1857-2009.

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Abstract. This paper presents a review of applications of electrochemical methods in ocean sensing. It follows the white paper presented at the OceanSensors08 workshop held at the Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde, Germany, from 31 March to 4 April 2008. The principles of electrochemical techniques are briefly recalled and described. For each technique, relevant electrochemical sensors are discussed; known successful deployments of electrochemical sensors are recalled; challenges experienced when taking sensors from the research lab to the field are raised; future trends in development and applications are proposed and assessed for their potential for oceanographic applications; where possible technological readiness levels are estimated. The document is supported with references drawn from both the electrochemical and oceanographic literature.

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25

Parvathavarthini, Natarajan, and Uthandi Kamachi Mudali. "Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels." Corrosion Reviews 32, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2014): 183–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2014-0029.

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AbstractThe thermal exposure of austenitic stainless steels in the temperature range of 500°C–800°C results in the precipitation of chromium-rich M23C6 carbides along the grain boundaries and concomitant chromium depletion. When chromium level falls below 12% at such depleted zones, the material is said to be sensitized. When the sensitized material is exposed to corrosive media, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking take place. ASTM standard A262-13 is available for detecting the susceptibility to IGC. However, the extent of chromium depletion of shop-fabricated or field-constructed components is required to determine the presence or absence of sensitization for critical applications. In this review, various electrochemical techniques that can be employed to assess the degree of sensitization (DOS) in austenitic stainless steels are critically reviewed. Techniques such as electrochemical potentiokinetic and potentiostatic reactivation with recent modifications for the accurate estimation of the DOS are analyzed. The possibility of using AC impedance technique and electrochemical noise technique for assessing the DOS is also presented. The merits and demerits of each technique and areas where further research should be focused are presented in this review.

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26

Li, Bo, Zhi Qing Ma, Jian Yi Wang, Yi Ran Guan, Xian Yi Liu, and Gui Fu Yang. "Applying Template Method Pattern to Developing Electrochemical Workstation." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.337.

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This paper presents a feasible way to develop electrochemical workstation by using Template Method pattern. With this design pattern, software designers can separate electrochemical technique into specific steps for system analyzing, and also provide a uniform external interface when invoking different kinds of electrochemical technique.

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27

Labiapari, Wilian da Silva, Henara Lillian Costa, and José Daniel Biasoli De Mello. "Life of cutlery cutting tools: effects of surface finish." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2016-0131.

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Purpose The progressive wear of cutting tools used in industrial cutlery production results in excessive burr formation and reduces tool service life. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the sheet surface finish on tool wear and service life during blanking. Design/methodology/approach Two alternative surface finish techniques were proposed and initially implemented under laboratorial conditions and compared with conventional acid pickling. Those surface finish techniques were then implemented on an industrial scale to improve the service life of cutting tools. Industrial blanking tests characterized the effect of sheet surface finish on tool life. Findings In the first technique, called skin pass, an additional mechanical pass under controlled conditions reduced the height of the surface peaks and resulted in partial embedding of the carbides into the surface. The second technique, called electrochemical pickling, removed solely the surface carbides, leaving behind a smoother surface without carbides. Real industrial blanking tests identified that the use of skin pass reduced burr formation and increased tool life by around 300 per cent when compared with conventional acid pickling. With electrochemical pickling, burr formation was further reduced and tool life increased further by 300 per cent when compared with skin pass. Research limitations/implications First, this work proposes an alternative surface finishing technique (electrochemical pickling) to be used after annealing of stainless steel. Second, the work clearly shows the presence of protruding surface carbides when conventional surface finishing techniques are used, which do not exist after acid pickling. Practical implications When electrochemical pickling is implemented on an industrial scale, the life of blanking tools is substantially improved. Originality/value Although the sheet surface finish is widely recognized to affect metalforming processes, the literature lacks studies on the effect of sheet surface finish on tool wear during blanking. First, this work proposes an alternative surface finishing technique (electrochemical pickling) to be used after annealing of stainless steel. Second, the work clearly shows the presence of protruding surface carbides when conventional surface finishing techniques are used, which do not exist after acid pickling. Third, when electrochemical pickling is implemented on an industrial scale, the life of blanking tools is substantially improved.

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Taimoor, Aqeel Ahmad. "Deciphering lead and cadmium stripping peaks for porous antimony deposited electrodes." Materials Science-Poland 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0063.

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AbstractCadmium and lead are generally taken as model heavy metal ions in water to scale the detection limit of various electrode sensors, using electrochemical sensing techniques. These ions interact with the electrochemically deposited antimony electrodes depending on the diffusion limitations. The phenomenon acts differently for the in-situ and ex-situ deposition as well as for porous and non-porous electrodes. A method has been adopted in this study to discourage the stripping and deposition of the working ions (antimony) to understand the principle of heavy metal ion detection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to establish the interaction between the working and dissolved ions. In addition to the distinct peaks for each analyte, researchers also observed a shoulder peak. A possible reason for the presence of this peak was provided. Different electrochemical tests were performed to ascertain the theory on the basis of the experimental observations.

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29

Panneer Selvam, Sathish, Somasekhar R. Chinnadayyala, Sungbo Cho, and Kyusik Yun. "Differential Pulse Voltammetric Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Etidronic Acid in Pharmaceutical Samples by Using rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071368.

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An rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor was developed to detect etidronic acid (EA) using the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. Rapid self-assembly of the rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite was accomplished through probe sonication. The developed rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite was used as an electrochemical sensing platform by drop-casting on a gold (Au) printed circuit board (PCB). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the enhanced electrochemical active surface area (ECASA) and low charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB. The accelerated electron transfer and the high number of active sites on the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB resulted in the electrochemical detection of EA through the DPV technique with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.68 μM and a linear range of 2.0–200.0 μM. The constructed DPV sensor exhibited high selectivity toward EA, high reproducibility in terms of different Au PCBs, excellent repeatability, and long-term stability in storage at room temperature (25 °C). The real-time application of the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB for EA detection was investigated using EA-based pharmaceutical samples. Recovery percentages between 96.2% and 102.9% were obtained. The developed DPV sensor based on an rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB could be used to detect other electrochemically active species following optimization under certain conditions.

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MA, Chao, Da-Hai XIA, Yingying ZHANG, Shizhe SONG, Jihui WANG, Zhiming GAO, and Wenbin HU. "Sensing the Instant Corrosivity of Haze Using Electrochemical Probes by Electrochemical Noise Technique." Electrochemistry 85, no. 12 (2017): 784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.85.784.

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31

Angappan, S., N. Kalaiselvi, R. Sudha, and A. Visuvasam. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnesium Hexaboride by Molten Salt Technique." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 31, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/123194.

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The present work reports electrochemical synthesis of MgB6 from molten salts using the precursor consists of LiF–B2O3–MgCl2. An attempt has been made to synthesize metastable phase MgB6 crystal by electrolysis method. DTA/TGA studies were made to determine the eutectic point of the melt and it was found to be around 900°C. The electrolysis was performed at 900°C under argon atmosphere, at current density of 1.5 A/cm2. The electrodeposited crystals were examined using XRD, SEM, and XPS. From the above studies, the electrochemical synthesis method for hypothetical MgB6 from chloro-oxy-fluoride molten salt system is provided. Mechanism for the formation of magnesium hexaboride is discussed.

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32

Dincer, C., A. Kling, C. Chatelle, L. Armbrecht, J. Kieninger, W. Weber, and G. A. Urban. "Designed miniaturization of microfluidic biosensor platforms using the stop-flow technique." Analyst 141, no. 21 (2016): 6073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an01330a.

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Here, we present a novel approach to increase the degree of miniaturization as well as the sensitivity of biosensor platforms by the optimization of microfluidic stop-flow techniques independent of the applied detection technique (e.g. electrochemical or optical).

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Lee, Sang Ha, Hyuck Lee, Misuk Cho, and Youngkwan Lee. "Facile electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide dendrites and their electrochemical properties." Chemical Communications 51, no. 16 (2015): 3391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09762a.

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HINOUE, Teruo, Rika HARUI, Taisei IZUMI, Iwao WATANABE, and Hitoshi WATARAI. "Laser Electrochemical Detection Technique in a Flow System." Analytical Sciences 11, no. 1 (1995): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.11.1.

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Abdel-Aal, Samah, K. Moussa, A. Ibrahim, and M. Abdel-Fattah. "SALINE-SODIC SOILS RECLAMATION BY ELECTROCHEMICAL REMEDIATION TECHNIQUE." Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 3 (May 30, 2016): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2016.101022.

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Zhao, Zhang, Zhang Jian-Qing, Li Jin-Feng, Wang Jian-Ming, and Cao Chu-Nan. "Application of Dimension Analysis in Electrochemical Noise Technique." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 17, no. 07 (2001): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20010716.

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Zhang, Chaojiong, and Su Moon Park. "Simple technique for constructing thin-layer electrochemical cells." Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 15 (August 1988): 1639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00166a037.

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Yoo, Jung-Suk, and Su-Moon Park. "An Electrochemical Impedance Measurement Technique Employing Fourier Transform." Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 9 (May 2000): 2035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9907540.

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Zhong, Qingdong. "Electrochemical technique for investigating temporarily protective oil coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 30, no. 4 (April 1997): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9440(96)00673-x.

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Surganov, V., and A. Mozalev. "Planar aluminum interconnection formed by electrochemical anodizing technique." Microelectronic Engineering 37-38 (November 1997): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(97)00129-9.

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Huang, Chien-Jung, Pin-Hsiang Chiu, Ming-Da Chen, and Teen-Hang Meen. "Synthesis of Crooked Gold Nanocrystals by Electrochemical Technique." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, No. 29 (July 8, 2005): L941—L944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.l941.

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Huang, Chien-Jung, Pin-Hsiang Chiu, Yeong-Her Wang, Wen Ray Chen, and Teen Hang Meen. "Synthesis of the Gold Nanocubes by Electrochemical Technique." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 153, no. 8 (2006): D129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2203931.

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Mikó, A., R. Hempelmann, M. Lakatos-Varsányi, and E. Kálmán. "Iron-Phosphorous Layers Deposited by Pulse Electrochemical Technique." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 9, no. 8 (2006): C126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2206886.

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Giriga,, S., U. Kamachi Mudali,, V. R. Raju,, and Baldev Raj,. "ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE TECHNIQUE FOR CORROSION ASSESSMENT - A REVIEW." Corrosion Reviews 23, no. 2-3 (June 2005): 107–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.2005.23.2-3.107.

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Talapatra, A. K., R. C. Talukdar, and P. K. De. "Electrochemical technique for exploration of base metal sulphides." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 25, no. 3 (May 1986): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(86)90086-5.

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Lloyd, John R., and Sonja Hess. "A corona discharge initiated electrochemical electrospray ionization technique." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.07.021.

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Otsuki, Nobuaki, Wanchai Yodsudjai, and Takahiro Nishida. "Feasibility study on soil improvement using electrochemical technique." Construction and Building Materials 21, no. 5 (May 2007): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.02.001.

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Yoshimura, Masahiro, Wataru Urushihara, Masatomo Yashima, and Masato Kakihana. "CaTiO3 coating on TiAl by hydrothermal-electrochemical technique." Intermetallics 3, no. 2 (January 1995): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795(95)92676-q.

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Kouassi, S., G. Gautier, L. Ventura, J. Semai, C. Boulmer-Leborgne, B. Morillon, and M. Roy. "Innovative electrochemical deep etching technique involving aluminum thermomigration." physica status solidi (c) 4, no. 6 (May 2007): 2175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200674416.

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Bartosova, Zdenka, Daniel Riman, Petr Jakubec, Vladimir Halouzka, Jan Hrbac, and David Jirovsky. "Electrochemically Pretreated Carbon Microfiber Electrodes as Sensitive HPLC-EC Detectors." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/295802.

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The paper focuses on the analysis and detection of electroactive compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with electrochemical detection (EC). The fabrication and utilization of electrochemically treated carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) as highly sensitive amperometric detectors in HPLC are described. The applied pretreatment procedure is beneficial for analytical characteristics of the sensor as demonstrated by analysis of the model set of phenolic acids. The combination of CFM with separation power of HPLC technique allows for improved detection limits due to unique electrochemical properties of carbon fibers. The CFM proved to be a promising tool for amperometric detection in liquid chromatography.

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