Journal articles: 'Electrochemical Noise Measurement'

1

Inoue, Hiroyuki. "A Grounding in Electrochemical Noise Measurement." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 52, no. 9 (2003): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.52.444.

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Kim, Jong Jip, and Su Yeon Kang. "Uncertainty evaluation in electrochemical noise resistance measurement." Corrosion Science and Technology 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2013): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14773/cst.2013.12.5.220.

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Karaoglu, Gozde, and Burak Ulgut. "(Digital Presentation) Electrochemical Noise Measurement in Batteries with Metallic Lithium Anode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01189mtgabs.

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Electrochemical noise measurements are well known in corrosion literature where the noise that is to be measured is appreciable in amplitude. From the measured noise, it is possible to identify the mode of corrosion and distinguish between localized corrosion types from the uniform ones. This is mainly because localized modes of corrosion are stochastic in nature, typically studied in conjunction with post-mortem studies. In recent years, the increase in the use of batteries demands that the tests to be performed on the batteries are faster, easier, cheaper and, if possible, non-destructive and non-perturbing. Although some electrochemical noise studies have begun to be carried out on batteries, the literature on this subject is scarce and questionable. Electrochemical noise measurement of Li batteries can be ultimately used as a non-invasive tool to diagnose the battery health and we have already shown that non-rechargeable batteries with Li/MnO2 chemistry shows increase in voltage noise after being exposed to a short circuit. On the other hand, if the battery is properly discharged, voltage noise does not increase. As a result, morphological changes on metallic lithium can be detected by electrochemical noise measurements and this method can be used as non-invasive diagnosis tool.[1] Lithium metal-based chemistries have a much higher capacity than rechargeable chemistries because of the use of Lithium-aluminum alloy or graphite in rechargeable chemistries, as opposed to metallic Lithium used at the anode. It is known that charging of lithium metal electrode to result in the formation of lithium dendrites and/or mossy structures. These end up creating safety and performance issues. For this reason, pre-detection is both academically interesting and industrially important. Some preliminary studies show that noise level increase drastically after charging. Moreover, the anodes of the charged batteries were also examined with SEM and serious deterioration was observed in the anode of the battery after charging. (Figure 1) Just like noise measurements on non-rechargeable batteries with lithium chemistry exposed to short circuits, it is worthy to study on and develop pre-detection method for in lithium batteries that are prone to form dendrite during charging and discharging cycles by using electrochemical noise measurements. For this reason, we also conduct noise studies with symmetrical and asymmetric cells (Li/Li, Cu/Cu and Li/Cu) prepared in the glove box and examine the details of the noise increase in a controlled and detailed manner. In this talk, how the electrochemical noise of metallic lithium-based batteries is measured, under what conditions it increases and what are the sources of the noise will be discussed both with noise measurements and imaging with optical microscope in situ and after death with spectroscopic analysis. References [1] Karaoglu G; Uzundal CB; Ulgut B; “Uneven Discharge of Metallic Lithium Causes Increased Voltage Noise in Li/MnO2 Primary Batteries upon Shorting, submitted. Figure 1

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Astafev, Evgeny. "Electrochemical noise measurement methodologies of chemical power sources." Instrumentation Science & Technology 47, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2018.1521423.

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Mills, Douglas J., and Steve Mabbutt. "Electrochemical noise measurement for evaluating anti‐corrosive paints." Pigment & Resin Technology 27, no. 3 (June 1998): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699429810218684.

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de León, G. Miramontes, D. C. Farden, and D. E. Tallman. "Transient Analysis and Simulation of Pitting Corrosion for the Estimation of Noise Resistance." Corrosion 56, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280596.

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Abstract A new approach for the measurement of noise resistance based on the transient behavior of pitting corrosion is presented. Potential noise and current transients have been recognized as a characteristic behavior of pitting corrosion. This new approach uses the transient information present during corrosion as a way to estimate the noise resistance of coated metals directly. Computer simulation and analytical results are presented, indicating that the new technique can be applied to the problem of noise resistance estimation. This new approach was applied to experimental electrochemical noise data obtained with commercial electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)/electrochemcial noise measurement (ENM) equipment.

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Curioni, Michele, Tullio Monetta, and Francesco Bellucci. "Modeling data acquisition during electrochemical noise measurements for corrosion studies." Corrosion Reviews 33, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2015): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2014-0047.

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AbstractElectrochemical noise measurement and analysis enable one to obtain information on corroding systems without applying any potential or current perturbation to the corroding surface, and they are thereby nondestructive techniques, suitable for corrosion monitoring. The measurement process requires converting the analog potential or current signal in a digital dataset that can be used to perform mathematical operations with a variety of approaches. The analog-to-digital conversion is a critical step since, after the conversion has been performed, it is impossible to correct for artefacts that occurred during the conversion. Additionally, the electrochemical noise generated during corrosion is generally overlapped to the instrumental noise and to the electrical interference that are present in the environment where the measurement is performed. In this work, the process of analog-to-digital conversion of electrochemical noise signals is analyzed in detail by simulating the conversion of a representative simulated noise signal. With this approach, the possible issues arising from the analog-to-digital conversion process are highlighted and the key features arising from instrumental noise, aliasing, and electrical interference are identified.

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FUKUYAMA, Tomoko, Hironori NAGAI, and Takafumi NOGUCHI. "CORROSION MONITORING OF REINFORCING BARS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE MEASUREMENT." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 75, no. 657 (2010): 1955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.75.1955.

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Astafev, E. A. "Electrochemical noise measurement of a Li/SOCl2 primary battery." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 22, no. 11 (August 13, 2018): 3569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4067-z.

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Ritter, S., F. Huet, and R. A. Cottis. "Guideline for an assessment of electrochemical noise measurement devices." Materials and Corrosion 63, no. 4 (November 2, 2010): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201005839.

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Abaspour, Marzia, Krishna R. Pattipati, Behnam Shahrrava, and Balakumar Balasingam. "Robust Approach to Battery Equivalent-Circuit-Model Parameter Extraction Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 9251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239251.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a well-established method of battery analysis, where the response of a battery to either a voltage or current excitation signal spanning a wide frequency spectrum is measured and analyzed. State-of-the-art EIS analysis is limited to high-precision measurement systems within laboratory environments. In order to be relevant in practical applications, EIS analysis needs to be carried out with low-cost sensors, which suffer from high levels of measurement noise. This article presents an approach to estimate the equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters of a Li-Ion battery pack based on EIS measurements in the presence of high levels of noise. The proposed algorithm consists of a fast Fourier transform, feature extraction, curve fitting, and least-squares estimation. The results of the proposed parameter-estimation algorithm are compared to that of recent work for objective performance comparison. The error analysis of the proposed approach, in comparison to the existing approach, demonstrated significant improvement in parameter estimation accuracy in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions. Results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the previous method under high-measurement-noise scenarios without requiring a significant increase in computational resources.

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Zhou, Xin, Guoxi Wu, and Ren Chen. "Study of EMISE Ionic Liquids Inhibitor on the Corrosion Behavior of Steel Rebar by Statistical Methods in Alkaline Chloride Solution." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1362.

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The pit corrosion behavior of steel rebar in alkaline chloride solutions without and with EMISE ionic liquids inhibitor were investigated by means of electrochemical noise (EN). The experimental results of electrochemical noise measurement revealed that the pit corrosion was inhibited and corrosion pitting process was retarded significantly. The mechanism of the inhibition effect of the inhibitor was analyzed based upon the combined stochastic theory and shot noise theory using the Weibull distribution and Gumbel distribution function.

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13

Astafev, Evgeny. "The instrument for electrochemical noise measurement of chemical power sources." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 2 (February 2019): 025104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5079613.

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Astaf’ev, E. A. "Electrochemical Noise Measurement of Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell under Load." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 54, no. 6 (June 2018): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193518060034.

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Jamali, Sina S., Douglas J. Mills, Robert A. Cottis, and Tian Yang Lan. "Analysis of electrochemical noise measurement on an organically coated metal." Progress in Organic Coatings 96 (July 2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.01.017.

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Mills, Douglas, Paul Lambert, and Shengming Yang. "Electrochemical Noise Measurement to Assess Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185392.

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The electrochemical noise method (ENM) has previously been employed to monitor the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. The development of solid-state Ag/AgCl-based probes and dedicated monitoring technology (ProCoMeter) now offers a wider range of ENM configurations. The present study involves the laboratory investigation of three mortar samples containing steel bars and varying additions of chloride, with a view to future field application. ENM could be used to provide corrosion information on reinforcement without the need to provide direct electrical connections to the steel and without the risk or inducing or increasing corrosion. In addition to half-cell potentials, measurements were made using ENM in three different probe configurations over a total test period of 90 days. The samples were then broken open and the bars extracted and cleaned. A comparison was then made between the calculated metal thickness loss obtained from the Rn values and the actual metal thickness loss. The results showed that each configuration was able to order the results in the expected manner, with the simple single substrate (SSS) arrangement providing the best correlation with direct measurements. The study is ongoing with the intention of measurements being obtained in situ on existing reinforced concrete structures.

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Legat, A., and V. Doleček. "Corrosion Monitoring System Based on Measurement and Analysis of Electrochemical Noise." CORROSION 51, no. 4 (April 1995): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3293594.

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18

Klyuev, A. L., A. D. Davydov, and B. M. Grafov. "Measurement and Chebyshev spectral analysis of Brownian coordinate of electrochemical noise." Measurement 165 (December 2020): 108130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108130.

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19

Astafev, E. A., A. E. Ukshe, and Yu A. Dobrovolsky. "Measurement of electrochemical noise of a Li/MnO2 primary lithium battery." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 22, no. 11 (August 17, 2018): 3597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4074-0.

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Astafev, E. A. "Electrochemical noise of a Li-ion battery: measurement and spectral analysis." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 23, no. 4 (February 8, 2019): 1145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04209-5.

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21

Astafev, E. A. "Electrochemical noise of Li-ion battery: measurement with load-interrupt technique." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 23, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 1505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04249-x.

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22

Astafev, Evgeny, and Alexander Ukshe. "Peculiarities of Hardware for Electrochemical Noise Measurement in Chemical Power Sources." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 68, no. 11 (November 2019): 4412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2889232.

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23

Chen, Xu Hai, and Min Du. "An Improved Chronoamperometry for Electrochemical Real-Time PCR Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.110.

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Electrochemical real-time PCR (EC-rtPCR) overcomes several shortcomings of fluorescence-based real-time PCR. But traditional electrochemical method has some limitations which reduce the accuracy and efficiency of testing. To overcome the disadvantages of chronoamperometry (CA) we report a novel electrochemical method where a peak current is quickly generated for the current vs. time curve by changing the waveform of voltage excitation in the working electrode. In particular, we derived a mathematical model to illustrate the principle of this method and it can also be used to demonstrate that the peak current is linear with regards to the concentration of the target substance. Moreover, we developed a device with an improved electrochemical circuit to generate the voltage excitation and detect the peak automatically. Finally, the device was used to study the electrochemical behavior of K3[Fe(CN)6]. It’s shown that the method has a better signal to noise ratio and higher sensitivity than chronoamperometry. The obtained peak current is linear with regards to the concentration of the target substance.

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Astafev, Evgeny. "Electrochemical noise measurement of a lithium iron(II) phosphate (LiFePO4) rechargeable battery." Instrumentation Science & Technology 48, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2019.1658601.

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Mills, D. J., and S. Mabbutt. "Investigation of defects in organic anti-corrosive coatings using electrochemical noise measurement." Progress in Organic Coatings 39, no. 1 (August 2000): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9440(00)00098-9.

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26

Miyazawa, Masazumi. "Field Application of Electrochemical Noise Measurement to Corrosion Monitoring at Chemical Plant." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 52, no. 9 (2003): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.52.452.

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DAROWICKI, K., and A. ZIELIŃSKI. "APPLICATION OF NON-STATIONARY TECHNIQUES IN THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 04, no. 02 (June 2004): L267—L272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477504001860.

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Approaches to the electrochemical noise (EN) analysis are generally based on the assumption of its stationarity. In spite of usability of such methodology, occurrences of non-stationary signals are rather frequent in the practice. The methods of overcoming this drawback are presented in the paper. Applications of short-time Fourier transformation are discussed. It utilizes the concept of time-localized analyzing functions generated by appropriately chosen sliding time-domain window. Such technique, applied in discrete time measurement regime yields time-dependent frequency EN decomposition. Additionally, the authors introduce the concept of time dependent spectral noise response and spectral noise resistance.

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Allahkaram, Saeed Reza, and Namdar Mohammadi. "Corrosion behavior of two candidate PEMFC’s bipolar plate materials." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2015-1540.

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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate corrosion behavior of bare and PbO2-coated stainless steel 316L, as prospective candidates for bipolar plates, in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s (PEMFC’s) environment under operating potentials. Design/methodology/approach A set of potentiodynamic, as well as potentiostatic, electrochemical experiments was carried out under both anodic and cathodic potentials. Gathered data were analyzed via fast Fourier transform algorithm for further investigation. X-ray diffraction analysis was also used for determining coating characteristics upon completion of electrochemical experiments. Findings Results revealed that bare SS316L is a better candidate for bipolar plate material under anodic potential, as it is cathodically protected. However, PbO2-coated SS316L is favorable under cathodic potential, as bare specimen will suffer localized corrosion in the form of pitting. Research limitations/implications It would be of interest if all the experiments are carried out in a PEMFC stack. Practical implications This research strives to promote the use of electrochemical noise measurement for practical corrosion monitoring of coated bipolar plates in fuel cells. Social implications Improving the corrosion resistance of bipolar plates will expedite commercialization of PEMFCs, which in turn will translate into a substantial reduction in carbon footprint. Originality/value This research strives to promote the use of electrochemical noise measurement for practical corrosion monitoring of coated bipolar plates in fuel cells.

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Arroyo, Patricia, Jaime Gómez-Suárez, José Ignacio Suárez, and Jesús Lozano. "Low-Cost Air Quality Measurement System Based on Electrochemical and PM Sensors with Cloud Connection." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 6228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186228.

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This paper presents a portable device for outdoor air quality measurement that provides concentration values for the main pollutants: NO2, NO, CO, O3, PM2.5 and PM10, and other values such as temperature, humidity, location, and date. The device is based on the use of commercial electrochemical gas and optical particle matter sensors with a careful design of the electronics for reducing the electrical noise and increasing the accuracy of the measurements. The result is a low-cost system with IoT technology that connects to the Internet through a GSM module and sends all real-time data to a cloud platform with storage and computational potential. Two identical devices were fabricated and installed on a mobile reference measurement unit and deployed in Badajoz, Spain. The results of a two-month field campaign are presented and published. Data obtained from these measurements were calibrated using linear regression and neural network techniques. Good performance has been achieved for both gaseous pollutants (with a Pearson correlation coefficient of up to 0.97) and PM sensors.

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Astafev, E. A. "The measurement of electrochemical noise of a Li-ion battery during charge-discharge cycling." Measurement 154 (March 2020): 107492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107492.

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Astafev, E. A. "Wide frequency band electrochemical noise measurement and analysis of a Li/SOCl2 primary battery." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 23, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4151-4.

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Astafev, E. A. "Wide-frequency band measurement and analysis of electrochemical noise of Li/MnO2 primary battery." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 23, no. 6 (April 23, 2019): 1705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04274-w.

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Loto, Cleophas A. "Electrochemical noise measurement and statistical parameters evaluation of stressed α-brass in Mattsson’s solution." Alexandria Engineering Journal 57, no. 1 (March 2018): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.12.012.

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Conners, K. D., W. J. van Ooij, D. J. Mills, and G. P. Bierwagen. "Comparison of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise measurement of plasma polymerised films as pretreatment for cold rolled steel." British Corrosion Journal 35, no. 2 (February 2000): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705900101501173.

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35

RIBEIRO, D. V., C. A. C. SOUZA, and J. C. C. ABRANTES. "Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to monitoring the corrosion of reinforced concrete." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 8, no. 4 (August 2015): 529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952015000400007.

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AbstractElectrochemical techniques are among the most commonly techniques used for the evaluation and study of corrosion in reinforced concrete, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for characterizing a wide variety of electrochemical systems and for determining the contribution of electrode or electrolytic processes in these systems. The analysis of EIS results on samples of concrete is highly complex due to overlapping arcs from simultaneous phenomena and noise measurement, of course, associated with the heterogeneity of the samples and that complicate the analysis considerably. Thus, this paper proposes a new form of analysis based on the characteristic relaxation angular frequency, w, of each phenomenon and associating the typical capacitances and frequencies.

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Jamali, Sina S., and Douglas J. Mills. "A critical review of electrochemical noise measurement as a tool for evaluation of organic coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 95 (June 2016): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.02.016.

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Astafev, E. A. "State-of-charge determination of Li/SOCl2 primary battery by means of electrochemical noise measurement." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 23, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 1493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04251-3.

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Zhang, Tao, Danyang Wang, Yawei Shao, Guozhe Meng, and Fuhui Wang. "A new criterion to determine the critical pitting temperature (CPT) based on electrochemical noise measurement." Corrosion Science 58 (May 2012): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.01.026.

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Sedlak, Petr, Petr Kubersky, Pavel Skarvada, Ales Hamacek, Vlasta Sedlakova, Jiri Majzner, Stanislav Nespurek, and Josef Sikula. "Current Fluctuation Measurements of Amperometric Gas Sensors Constructed with Three Different Technology Procedures." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0042.

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Abstract Electrochemical amperometric gas sensors represent a well-established and versatile type of devices with unique features: good sensitivity and stability, short response/recovery times, and low power consumption. These sensors operate at room temperature, and therefore have been applied in monitoring air pollutants and detection of toxic and hazardous gases in a number of areas. Some drawbacks of classical electrochemical sensors are overcome by the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on ionic liquids. This work presents evaluation of an SPE-based amperometric sensor from the point of view of current fluctuations. The sensor is based on a novel three-electrode sensor platform with solid polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid for detection of nitrogen dioxide − a highly toxic gas that is harmful to the environment and presenting a possible threat to human health even at low concentrations. The paper focuses on using noise measurement (electric current fluctuation measurement) for evaluation of electrochemical sensors which were constructed by different fabrication processes: (i) lift-off and drop-casting technology, (ii) screen printing technology on a ceramic substrate and (iii) screen printing on a flexible substrate.

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Chen, Mingwei, Anxiang Zhong, Yulan Lu, Jian Chen, Deyong Chen, and Junbo Wang. "A MEMS Electrochemical Angular Accelerometer Leveraging Silicon-Based Three-Electrode Structure." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020186.

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This paper developed an electrochemical angular micro-accelerometer using a silicon-based three-electrode structure as a sensitive unit. Angular acceleration was translated to ion changes around sensitive microelectrodes, and the adoption of the silicon-based three-electrode structure increased the electrode area and the sensitivity of the device. Finite element simulation was conducted for geometry optimization where the anode length, the orifice diameter, and the orifice spacing of the sensitive unit were determined as 200 μm, 80 μm, and 500 μm, respectively. Microfabrication was conducted to manufacture the silicon-based three-electrode structure, which then was assembled to form the electrochemical angular micro-accelerometer, leveraging mechanical compression. Device characterization was conducted, where the sensitivity, bandwidth, and noise level were quantified as 290.193 V/(rad/s2) at 1 Hz, 0.01–2 Hz, and 1.78 × 10−8 (rad/s2)/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz, respectively. Due to the inclusion of the silicon-based three-electrode structure, compared with previously reported electrochemical angular accelerometers, the angular accelerometer developed in this article was featured with a higher sensitivity and a lower self-noise level. Therefore, it could be used for the measurement of low-frequency seismic rotation signals and played a role in the seismic design of building structures.

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Sokolkov, Sergey V. "Electrochemical Digitization of Biological Fluids Samples." Electrochem 3, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem3040043.

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Digital medicine based on the integration of all medical data from a particular patient has become a reality today, thanks to information technology. Traditional medical examinations can be supplemented by assessment results of the oxidative-anti-oxidative (OAO) status of the body. Electrochemical sensors are able to not only determine the integral indicators of the OAO system of the body but also to depict details of the processes occurring in the system. The main obstacle to the widespread use of electrochemical sensors in medical diagnostics is the extremely small amount of received information in comparison to the tens of thousands of known human diseases. The problem can be eliminated only by rethinking the purpose of electrochemical measurement within the framework of thermodynamics of information processes and information theory. In the information paradigm of electrochemical analysis of biological fluids, a sample is considered an electrochemical message created by a sensor. The purpose of electrochemical measurement is to obtain information in a volume sufficient to identify the sample composition within the range of possible concentrations of its components. The fundamentals of the thermodynamics of information processes are considered and conclusions that are of practical importance for the development of electrochemical sensors and analyzers are derived. It is shown that the potentiostatic control of the sensor is physically impacted by the electromechanical instability of the electrical double layer, which is the main source of sensor signal noise. Estimates of a minimum amount of analytical signal information required for the identification of a sample of known composition, such as a biological fluid, are provided. Examples of highly informative analytical signals for flowing and stationary samples are presented. Problems related to the visualization of such signals are noted.

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Saraswathy, Velu, Han-Seung Lee, Subbiah Karthick, and Seung-Jun Kwon. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ungrouted Pretensioned Concrete Beams." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8585162.

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Prestressed concrete beams of size 150 × 150 × 1000 mm were designed, and two bonded cold-drawn 7 mm steel wires were stressed at 70% UTS under service conditions before concreting. The beams were cast with M40 grade concrete mix with various percentages of chlorides ranging from 0, 1, 2, and 3% by weight of cement and cured for 28 days. After 28 days, the stretching forces were released, the prestressing steel wire was allowed to regain its original length, the tensile stresses were transformed into a compressive stress in the concrete, and the stress corrosion behavior was assessed. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is due to the simultaneous action of stress, corrosive media, and material properties. The stress corrosion behavior of ungrouted pretensioned steel was assessed by using various electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical noise, open-circuit potential measurement, AC impedance, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The same experiments were conducted for rebars embedded in the concrete beam with various percentages of chlorides ranging from 0, 1, 2, and 3% by weight of chloride. After 30 days of exposure, the beams were tested for their flexural strength measurements to find out the load-bearing capacity.

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Tran, Thi Luyen, Thi Xuan Chu, Phuc Quan Do, Duc Thanh Pham, Van Vu Quan Trieu, Dang Chinh Huynh, and Anh Tuan Mai. "In-Channel-Grown Polypyrrole Nanowire for the Detection of DNA Hybridization in an Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/458629.

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A triple electrode setup with a Pt pseudo-reference electrode integrated in a polydimethylsiloxane- (PDMS-) based microchamber was designed and fabricated. The integrated electrodes were deposited onto SiO2/Si substrate by sputtering. The PDMS microchamber was patterned using an SU-8 mold and sealed with electrodes in oxygen plasma. Polypyrrole nanowires (PPy NWs) were electrochemically grown in situ at an accurate position of the working electrode in the sealed microchamber instead of in an open system. The DNA probe sequences were simply introduced into the channel to form bonds with the nanowires. A detection limit of 20 pM was achieved using a lock-in amplifier. The electrochemical characteristics produced by the hybridization of DNA strands in the microchamber showed a good signal/noise ratio and high sensitivity. Measurement of the DNA sensor in narrow space also required much less volume of the analytical sample compared with that in an open measuring cell. Results showed that this simple system can potentially fabricate nanostructures and detect bio/chemical molecules in a sealed system.

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Shen, Tong, Tong Zhou, Ying Wan, and Yan Su. "High-Precision and Low-Cost Wireless 16-Channel Measurement System for Malachite Green Detection." Micromachines 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120646.

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Focusing on the issue of the malachite green traditional test methods such as large volume, high cost and high complex, this paper proposed a novel multi-channel electrochemical malachite green detection system. Specific recognition properties of malachite green DNA adapter is employed to realize accurate sensing of concentration of malachite green, which can achieve precise detection of malachite green concentration with low noise and high precision. The maximum measurement capability of multi-channel acquisition system is 16 samples in a batch. According to the experimental results, malachite green could be detected quantitatively in the range from 10−3 μg/mL to 10 μg/mL, which performs well in the test of malachite green residues in aquatic product transportation.

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Tommasino, Luigi. "Electrochemical etching processes for the detection of neutrons and radon-decay products." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 1 (2004): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0401012t.

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The electrochemical etching, because of its complexity, is of interest when it makes it possible to achieve detection characteristics which are not encountered with the chemical etching. These unique characteristics can be found for example for the personal dosimetry of low-energy neutrons around nuclear reactors and for the detection of both low- and high-energy cosmic-ray neutrons at civil aviation altitudes. In particular sufficiently large signal-to-noise ratios for cosmic ray neutron measurements can be achieved by using stack of polycarbonate- and/or CR-39-detectors, since the electrochemical etching processes make it possible: (a) the rapid scanning of large detector areas, and (b) the counting of coincidence events in paired detectors induced by a-few-microns long tracks. The detection of the radon decay products is hindered by the fact that their concentrations are altered in the vicinity of detector surface during the measurement. Polycarbonate detectors may be useful in solving these problems both because they register radon-decay products far away from the plated-out surface and they can be manufactured with any possible geometry and/or shape. However, it is possible to use several combinations of chemical and electrochemical etching steps which implies the possibility of new applications of track detectors for the registration of neutrons, cosmic rays and radon decay products.

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TACHIBANA, Koji. "Special Issue/Trends and Future of Corrosion Measurement Techniques. Application of Electrochemical Noise Analysis to Corrosion Studies." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 45, no. 10 (1994): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.45.979.

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Victor Ossia, Chinwuba. "Investigating Pitting Corrosion of Stainless Steel and Aluminium Using Scanning Vibrating Electrode Techniques and Electrochemical Noise Measurement." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications 4, no. 2 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20160402.16.

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Trif, László, Abdul Shaban, and Judit Telegdi. "Electrochemical and surface analytical techniques applied to microbiologically influenced corrosion investigation." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0032.

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AbstractSuitable application of techniques for detection and monitoring of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the interactions and for selecting inhibition and control approaches. This paper presents a review of the application of electrochemical and surface analytical techniques in studying the MIC process of metals and their alloys. Conventional electrochemical techniques, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr), redox potential, dual-cell technique, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN) analysis, and microelectrode techniques, are discussed, with examples of their use in various MIC studies. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, which is newly used in MIC study, is also discussed. Microscopic techniques [scanning electron microscopy (SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser microscopy (CLM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), confocal Raman microscopy] and spectroscopic analytical methods [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)] are also highlighted. This review highlights the heterogeneous characteristics of microbial consortia and use of special techniques to study their probable effects on the metal substrata. The aim of this review is to motivate using a combination of new procedures for research and practical measurement and calculation of the impact of MIC and biofilms on metals and their alloys.

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Du, Gang, Weikui Wang, Shizhe Song, and Shijiu Jin. "Detection of corrosion on 304 stainless steel by acoustic emission measurement." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 57, no. 3 (May 25, 2010): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035591011040083.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report an investigation of the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of the corrosion process of 304 stainless steel in acidic NaCl solution.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion behavior of a specimen with constant load in acidic NaCl solution was studied, and the AE signal characteristics of the corrosion process were analyzed. Stress corrosion cracking of the specimen was detected using the AE and electrochemical noise (EN) techniques, and the acquired data were compared.FindingsThe results indicated that AE technology is very sensitive to the AE signals generated by 304 nitrogen controlled stainless steel in acidic NaCl solution. The characteristics of AE signals at different stages of the corrosion process are significantly different. Additionally, the AE test result is confirmed by the EN test results.Originality/valueThe characteristics of AE signals at different stages of the corrosion process are gained for the first time, which is an important guide by which to distinguishing different stages of corrosion.

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Gulamali, Murtaza Y., Eli Leinov, and Matthew D. Jackson. "Self-potential anomalies induced by water injection into hydrocarbon reservoirs." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 4 (July 2011): F283—F292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3596010.

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The injection of cold water into a hydrocarbon reservoir containing relatively warmer, more saline formation brine may generate self-potential anomalies as a result of electrokinetic, thermoelectric, and/or electrochemical effects. We have numerically assessed the relative contributions of these effects to the overall self-potential signal generated during oil production in a simple hydrocarbon reservoir model. Our aim was to determine if measurements of self-potential at a production well can be used to detect the movement of water toward the well. The coupling coefficients for the electrochemical and thermoelectric potentials are uncertain, so we considered four different models for them. We also investigated the effect of altering the salinities of the formation and injected brines. We found that the electrokinetic potential peaked at the location of the saturation front (reaching values of 0.2 mV even for the most saline brine considered). Moreover, the value at the production well increased as the front approached the well, exceeding the noise level (∼ 0.1 mV). Thermoelectric effects gave rise to larger potentials in the reservoir (∼10 mV), but values at the well were negligible [Formula: see text] until after water breakthrough because of the lag in the temperature front relative to the saturation front. Electrochemical potentials were smaller in magnitude than thermoelectric potentials in the reservoir but were measurable [Formula: see text] at the well because the salinity front was closely associated with the saturation front. When the formation brine was less saline (∼1 mol/liter), electrokinetic effects dominated; at higher salinities (∼5 mol/liter), electrochemical effects were significant. We concluded that the measurement of self-potential signals in a production well may be used to monitor the movement of water in hydrocarbon reservoirs during production, but further research is required to understand the thermoelectric and electrochemical coupling coefficients in partially saturated porous media.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrochemical Noise Measurement'

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