Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrochemical experiments

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrochemical experiments'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrochemical experiments"

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Wang, Y., and J. L. Hudson. "Experiments on interacting electrochemical oscillators." Journal of Physical Chemistry 96, no. 21 (October 1992): 8667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100200a082.

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Mikheev, N. B., A. N. Kamenskaya, I. A. Rumer, V. L. Novitschenko, A. Simon, and Hj Mattausch. "Electrochemical Cocrystallization Experiments with Gd2Cl3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 992–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0716.

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Gd2Cl3 is electrocrystallized from molten GdCl3 at 900 K with a current efficiency of 70% referring to the reaction 2GdCl3+3e⁻=Gd2Cl3+3Cl-. The reaction is used to determine cocrystallization coefficients for trivalent rare earths and actinoids (Y, Nd, Cm, Pu), divalent lanthanoids (Eu, Yb), and Sr. The oxidation potential for the above reaction is determined as 2.65 ≤ E° ≤ 2.68 V.
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Armstrong, Fraser A. "Dynamic electrochemical experiments on hydrogenases." Photosynthesis Research 102, no. 2-3 (May 20, 2009): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-009-9428-0.

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Fahrenkrug, Eli, Daan Hein Alsem, Norman Salmon, and Stephen Maldonado. "Electrochemical Measurements during In Situ Liquid-Electrochemical TEM Experiments." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, S1 (July 2017): 938–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617005359.

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DAROWICKI, K., and A. ZIELIŃSKI. "OPTIMAL WAVELET CHOICE IN ELECTROCHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 06, no. 02 (June 2006): L215—L225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477506003306.

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In the recent years we witness great interest in merging electrochemical experiments with modern digital signal processing techniques. Wavelet analysis seems to be one of the most promising approaches. In the case of wavelets there are various families of analyzing functions which can be selected to suit given experiment demands. In the paper the authors present comparison of results of utilization of different wavelets in electrochemical noise analysis.
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Nagy, G., and L. Nagy. "Scanning electrochemical microscopy: a new way of making electrochemical experiments." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 366, no. 6-7 (March 30, 2000): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051567.

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Palleschi, G., M. Mascini, L. Bernardi, G. Bombardieri, and A. M. De Luca. "Glucose Clamp Experiments With Electrochemical Biosensors." Analytical Letters 22, no. 5 (April 1989): 1209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032718908051401.

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Ziegler, J. F., T. H. Zabel, J. J. Cuomo, V. A. Brusic, G. S. Cargill, E. J. O’Sullivan, and A. D. Marwick. "Electrochemical experiments in cold nuclear fusion." Physical Review Letters 62, no. 25 (June 19, 1989): 2929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.62.2929.

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Bullock, J. S., G. L. Powell, and D. P. Hutchinson. "Electrochemical factors in cold fusion experiments." Journal of Fusion Energy 9, no. 3 (September 1990): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01059243.

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Nouraei, S., and S. Roy. "Design of experiments in electrochemical microfabrication." Electrochimica Acta 54, no. 9 (March 2009): 2444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.11.058.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrochemical experiments"

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Salazar, Zarzosa Pablo Felix. "Modeling and experiments to develop thermo-electrochemical cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53015.

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Low-temperature waste heat recovery is an important component of generating a more efficient, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly energy source. To meet this goal, thermo-electrochemical cells (TECs) are cost-effective electrochemical devices that produce a steady electric current under an applied temperature difference between their electrodes. However, current TECs have low conversion efficiencies. On this project, I developed a comprehensive multiscale model that couples the governing equations in TECs. The model was used to understand the fundamental principles and limitations in TECs, and to find the optimum cell thickness, aspect ratio and number of cells in a series stack. Doped multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were then explored as alternative electrodes for TECs. One of the main objectives of this dissertation is to study multiwall carbon nanotube/ionic liquid (MWCNT/IL) mixtures as alternative electrolytes for TECs. Previous authors showed that the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to a solvent-free IL electrolyte improves the efficiency of dye solar cells by 300%. My research plan involved a spectroscopy analysis of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IILs) mixed with MWCNTs using impedance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results show that the combination of interfacial polarization and ion pair dissociation effects reduces mass transfer resistances and enhances the power of TECs at low wt% of MWCNTs. This happens in spite of reduced open circuit voltage due to percolated networks.
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Lau, Chung Yin. "Electroanalytical behaviors of chemically modified electrodes bearing complexing ligands." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/833.

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Mossegård, Jonatan. "Insight into the water oxidation mechanism on nickel hydroxide electrocatalysts : Density Functional Theory calculations and Electrochemical experiments." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-117041.

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Hydrogen production is an interesting way to store solar energy and to diversify the range of applications for indirect solar power. A promising production method is to use electric power from solar photovoltaic cells to split water in an electrolysis setup. To efficiently run such a setup, one must however have an efficient catalytic material on the two electrodes. This work presents a study of a catalytic material for the oxygen evolution electrode; nickel hydroxide. The study is performed both experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental part, an electrode material was synthesized by growing nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) on a carbon paper (CP) and then decorating the NCNTs with the catalytic material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the electrode material showed that the NCNTs were individually coated with a spiky nickel hydroxide nanostructure, with a very large surface area. Electrodes with both as-prepared catalytic material and catalytic material first treated in an alkaline solution were then tested in a three-electrode electrolysis setup, in alkaline conditions. It was found that the overpotential for onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was roughly 0.27 V, which is in the range of previous reports. In contradiction to other reports, the data of this work however indicated that aging the catalytic material decreased its activity and hence that the phase often stated as the more active, was in fact the less active phase. The overall efficiency of the electrodes was found to be low, most likely due to overloading of active material in the electrode structure. The theoretical part of the work focused on using Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations to analyze the OER pathway on three different surfaces of the catalytic material. To simulate the effect of an alkaline environment these surfaces were also passivated with hydroxyl groups in some of the simulations. The lowest overpotential for OER onset found in the calculations was 0.68 V. The calculations further showed that, for the pathways with the smallest overpotentials, the limiting reaction step was a step where an adsorbed hydroxyl group was deprotonated by a hydroxide ion from the solution and oxidized to an adsorbed oxygen atom. In addition, the calculations also indicated that passivation of the surfaces had the important effect of lowering the overpotentials for two of the three studied surfaces.
Vätgasproduktion är en mycket intressant metod för att lagra solenergi och för att diversifiera applikationsområdena för indirekt solenergi. En lovande metod är att använda elektrisk energi från solceller för att dela vattenmolekyler i en elektrolysuppställning. För att en sådan elektrolys ska bli effektiv, måste man dock ha effektiva katalysatorer på de två elektroderna. Denna rapport presenterar en studie av nickelhydroxid, ett katalytiskt material för elektroden vid vilken syrgas produceras. Studien har utförts både teoretiskt och experimentellt. I den experimentella delen syntetiserades ett elektrodmaterial genom att kolpapper kläddes i kvävedopade kolnanorör, som sedan dekorerades med katalytiskt material. Avbildningar av elektrodmaterialet med svepelektronmikroskopi visade att kolnanorören var individuellt klädda av en taggig nickelhydroxidstruktur, med mycket stor ytarea. Elektroder direkt från syntes och elektroder som först behandlas i basisk lösning testades sedan i en tre-elektrodupppställning, i basisk lösning. Överspänningen för att starta den syrgasproducerande reaktionen uppmättes till cirka 0.27 V, vilket ligger i ett intervall av tidigare rapporterade värden. I motsats till andra rapporter, indikerade denna studie att det åldrade materialet var mindre aktivt och därmed att den fas som ofta antas vara mer aktiv, här var den mindre aktiva fasen. Elektrodernas generella aktivitet var dock låg, förmodligen beroende på en för stor mängd katalytiskt material i elektroderna. I det teoretiska arbetet användes DFT (Density Functional Theory) för att analysera reaktionsvägen för den syrgasproducerande reaktionen. Reaktionsvägen studerades på tre av materialets ytor. För att simulera effekten av en basisk omgivning, passiverades dessa ytor också med hydroxylgrupper i vissa simuleringar. Den lägsta överspänningen för att starta reaktionen beräknades till 0.68 V. För reaktionsvägarna med de minsta överspänningarna, visade beräkningarna vidare att det begränsande reaktionssteget var ett steg där en adsorberad hydroxylgrupp deprotonerades av en hydroxidjon från elektrolyten och oxiderades till en adsorberad syreatom. Slutligen visade beräkningarna även att passivering av ytorna minskade den nödvändiga överspänningen för två av de tre studerade ytorna.
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Watling, Kym Marjorie, and n/a. "Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Surface Species in the Gold/Thiosulfate System." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20081024.164504.

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This thesis presents results of studies using the technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy to investigate surface processes occurring on gold during electrochemical experiments in thiosulfate solutions and during leaching in ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate systems. The gold SERS electrode was characterised using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). SEM investigations of the SERS activated gold surface showed the presence of electrodeposited dendrites with nanoscale features. XRD studies of the dendrites showed them to be polycrystalline with a large proportion of Au(111). Rotating disk electrode (RDE) studies of polished and SERS electrodes were undertaken in order to clarify the electrochemistry of various thiosulfate systems. The ex situ techniques of XPS and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to determine the presence of sulfur, copper and nitrogen on leached or electro-oxidised surfaces. Voltammetric methods were used to determine sulfur and copper surface coverages at various potentials in sulfide, thiosulfate and ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate media. The electro-oxidation of sulfide was examined as a model system in order to identify spectral features and coverage associated with various potential-dependent sulfur layers. In the hydrogen evolution region, a surface layer formed by underpotential deposition in acid and basic media was characterised by a gold-sulfur stretching band, Au-S, attributed in the literature to a monoatomic stretching mode of sulfur bonded to gold. The surface coverage in this potential region was limited to 0.35 ML, representing adsorption in a (3x3)R30 structure. Bands were found to be absent that would have indicated the adsorption of SH– species as has been reported in the literature. A facile change in the position of the Au-S band with potential, unaccompanied by Faradaic processes, was seen when the adsorbed (3x3)R30 sulfur layer was examined in a sulfide-free solution. This may indicate a change in sulfur adsorption sites with potential in the hydrogen evolution region. At potentials above the S II/S0 reversible value in sulfide solutions, the surface coverage increased and S-S bands were observed, indicating the formation of an adsorbed polysulfide species, Au-Sn. A change in the position of the Au-S band was seen to accompany the formation of the S-S bands. As coverage further increased, bands due to S-S-S bending, S-S-S, developed that were characteristic of cyclo octasulfur, S8. On removal from sulfide solution and rinsing, a characteristic SERS spectrum was observed ex situ. The spectrum showed a characteristic S-S at 460 cm-1 and Au-S at 325 cm-1 and was assigned to an adlayer of S8 adsorbed on gold in a crown configuration, Au S8. Gold was polarised in thiosulfate solutions at a potential at which gold dissolution is known to occur. In situ SERS spectra showed bands characteristic of S-S bonding and Au2S to occur after 1 hr for thiosulfate with sodium and ammonium counter-ions and for both systems in the presence of ammonia. XPS studies of polished gold held in sodium thiosulfate under these conditions showed S 2p binding energies corresponding to metal sulfide and pyritic sulfur, S22-. After 72 hrs at the mixed potential in air saturated sodium thiosulfate, SERS investigations showed a spectrum with Au-S8 characteristics. XPS studies on a polished electrode under these conditions showed a third type of S 2p binding with a binding energy between that of pyritic sulfur and S8. The sodium thiosulfate system showed an adsorbed tetrathionate-like surface species, Au-S4O6, to be present at the mixed potential and to disappear with increased potential prior to the formation of bulk S8 via an Au-S8 intermediate. In the presence of the ammonium cation at high potentials, Au-Sn bands appear in the presence of a more intense and broad Au-S characteristic of gold sulfide, Au2S. This was assigned to a mixed gold sulfide/polysulfide phase, Au2S/Sn. With addition of ammonia, the surface species Au S4O6, Au2S/Sn and, tentatively, adsorbed NH3 were observed above the mixed potential. For gold in air-saturated copper(II) ammoniacal thiosulfate media, bands due S-S at 382 cm-1 and symmetric S-O stretching, symS-O, at 1017 cm-1 developed during leaching at the mixed potential. These modes diminished and, when rinsed and examined in water, were replaced by a single band at 255 cm 1 assigned to a metal sulfide stretch. In typical leach solutions, sulfur and copper coverages showed a 2:1 atomic ratio after leaching for 16 h. Ex situ ATR and XPS studies showed that ammonia was adsorbed to a surface copper sulfide. Kinetic studies using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to measure gold in solution showed that the ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate leaching solution exhibited higher dissolution rates in the presence of the sodium counter ion than the ammonium. Thiourea as an additive to thiosulfate solutions was seen to disrupt S-S bonding in both Au-S8 and Au2S/Sn surface structures.
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Watling, Kym Marjorie. "Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Surface Species in the Gold/Thiosulfate System." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367444.

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This thesis presents results of studies using the technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy to investigate surface processes occurring on gold during electrochemical experiments in thiosulfate solutions and during leaching in ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate systems. The gold SERS electrode was characterised using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). SEM investigations of the SERS activated gold surface showed the presence of electrodeposited dendrites with nanoscale features. XRD studies of the dendrites showed them to be polycrystalline with a large proportion of Au(111). Rotating disk electrode (RDE) studies of polished and SERS electrodes were undertaken in order to clarify the electrochemistry of various thiosulfate systems. The ex situ techniques of XPS and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to determine the presence of sulfur, copper and nitrogen on leached or electro-oxidised surfaces. Voltammetric methods were used to determine sulfur and copper surface coverages at various potentials in sulfide, thiosulfate and ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate media. The electro-oxidation of sulfide was examined as a model system in order to identify spectral features and coverage associated with various potential-dependent sulfur layers. In the hydrogen evolution region, a surface layer formed by underpotential deposition in acid and basic media was characterised by a gold-sulfur stretching band, ï ®Au-S, attributed in the literature to a monoatomic stretching mode of sulfur bonded to gold. The surface coverage in this potential region was limited to 0.35 ML, representing adsorption in a (3x3)R30ï‚° structure. Bands were found to be absent that would have indicated the adsorption of SH– species as has been reported in the literature. A facile change in the position of the ï ®Au-S band with potential, unaccompanied by Faradaic processes, was seen when the adsorbed (3x3)R30ï‚° sulfur layer was examined in a sulfide-free solution. This may indicate a change in sulfur adsorption sites with potential in the hydrogen evolution region. At potentials above the S II/S0 reversible value in sulfide solutions, the surface coverage increased and ï ®S-S bands were observed, indicating the formation of an adsorbed polysulfide species, Au-Sn. A change in the position of the ï ®Au-S band was seen to accompany the formation of the ï ®S-S bands. As coverage further increased, bands due to S-S-S bending, ï ¤S-S-S, developed that were characteristic of cyclo octasulfur, S8. On removal from sulfide solution and rinsing, a characteristic SERS spectrum was observed ex situ. The spectrum showed a characteristic ï ®S-S at 460 cm-1 and ï ®Au-S at 325 cm-1 and was assigned to an adlayer of S8 adsorbed on gold in a crown configuration, Au S8. Gold was polarised in thiosulfate solutions at a potential at which gold dissolution is known to occur. In situ SERS spectra showed bands characteristic of S-S bonding and Au2S to occur after 1 hr for thiosulfate with sodium and ammonium counter-ions and for both systems in the presence of ammonia. XPS studies of polished gold held in sodium thiosulfate under these conditions showed S 2p binding energies corresponding to metal sulfide and pyritic sulfur, S22-. After 72 hrs at the mixed potential in air saturated sodium thiosulfate, SERS investigations showed a spectrum with Au-S8 characteristics. XPS studies on a polished electrode under these conditions showed a third type of S 2p binding with a binding energy between that of pyritic sulfur and S8. The sodium thiosulfate system showed an adsorbed tetrathionate-like surface species, Au-S4O6, to be present at the mixed potential and to disappear with increased potential prior to the formation of bulk S8 via an Au-S8 intermediate. In the presence of the ammonium cation at high potentials, Au-Sn bands appear in the presence of a more intense and broad ï ®Au-S characteristic of gold sulfide, Au2S. This was assigned to a mixed gold sulfide/polysulfide phase, Au2S/Sn. With addition of ammonia, the surface species Au S4O6, Au2S/Sn and, tentatively, adsorbed NH3 were observed above the mixed potential. For gold in air-saturated copper(II) ammoniacal thiosulfate media, bands due ï ®S-S at 382 cm-1 and symmetric S-O stretching, ï ®symS-O, at 1017 cm-1 developed during leaching at the mixed potential. These modes diminished and, when rinsed and examined in water, were replaced by a single band at 255 cm 1 assigned to a metal sulfide stretch. In typical leach solutions, sulfur and copper coverages showed a 2:1 atomic ratio after leaching for 16 h. Ex situ ATR and XPS studies showed that ammonia was adsorbed to a surface copper sulfide. Kinetic studies using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to measure gold in solution showed that the ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate leaching solution exhibited higher dissolution rates in the presence of the sodium counter ion than the ammonium. Thiourea as an additive to thiosulfate solutions was seen to disrupt S-S bonding in both Au-S8 and Au2S/Sn surface structures.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
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Pritzker, Mark David. "Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of galena in the presence and absence of potassium ethyl xanthate." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76476.

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A study of the electrochemistry of the PbS-H₂O and PbS-KEX-H₂O systems has been made by carrying out thermodynamic calculations, electrochemical experiments and microflotation tests. Particular attention has been paid to how well this system can be described by equilibrium thermodynamics. The thermodynamic calculations are more comprehensive than previous ones of this type since they are based on a mass balance which includes both insoluble and soluble species. The data they provide include equilibrium concentrations of all dissolved species at any Eh and pH and an Eh-pH stability diagram for each collector addition. Also, two- and three-dimensional plots showing the effect of Eh and pH on xanthate uptake by the galena surface have been presented for the first time. These are particularly useful because they can be directly compared to observed flotation data. The results of voltammetry, IGP and potential-step experiments suggest that the oxidation of galena at pH 6.8 and 9.2 begins at a potential below the value predicted by bulk thermodynamics with the electrosorption of OH⁻ and the formation of a metal-deficient sulfide and a surface lead oxide. When oxidation becomes extensive enough, bulk products, Sº and PbO, begin to nucleate. Thiosulfate is detected at pH 9.2, but only becomes significant at high potentials. The electrochemical experiments indicate that xanthate adsorbs onto galena via a one-electron transfer chemisorption reaction in the first monolayer and via the formation of PbX₂ in subsequent layers. It also appears that galena oxidation and xanthate adsorption are competitive processes that tend to inhibit each other. Ground galena exhibits natural floatability at pH 9.2 as long as oxidation extends to the formation of a metal-deficient sulfide, but not to bulk PbO. When 10⁻⁵ M xanthate is added, the upper potential limit for flotation agrees well with the value predicted from thermodynamics for the decomposition of PbX₂. The lower limit, on the other hand, is at least 200 mv lower than any of the predicted values. PbS dissolves anodically at pH 1.1 and 4.6 to form Pb²⁺ and Sº first by a random surface process and then by a nucleation and growth mechanism once oxidation becomes extensive enough. At pH 0, the relation between the open-circuit potential and mineral solubility, as predicted by the thermodynamic calculations, agrees quantitatively with that determined experimentally. However, as the pH is increased to 1.1 and 4.6, the system becomes increasingly less reversible.
Ph. D.
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Bueno, Glorys Coromoto Villarroel de. "Formulação e otimização de uma mistura de inibidores de corrosão para aço carbono em meio de água de resfriamento industrial usando planejamento estatístico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-02022009-160438/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi formular e otimizar uma mistura de quatro substâncias atóxicas como inibidores de corrosão para o aço carbono ABNT 1005 em meio de água de resfriamento industrial. As substâncias estudadas foram o molibdato de sódio, o tungstato de sódio, a ftalocianina de cobre e um tensoativo polimérico a base de silano de peso molecular 17.000 g.mol-1. As técnicas usadas neste estudo foram medidas de potencial de corrosão, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e curva de polarização anódicas e catódicas. O tratamento dos resultados de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica foi feito por meio da modelagem com circuitos elétricos equivalentes, que permitiu quantificar parâmetros como resistência a transferência e carga (Rtc) e capacitância dupla camada elétrica, (Cdl). Para caracterizar a superfície do metal foram obtidas imagens por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, onde foi comprovada a alteração da superfície pela presença das substâncias estudadas. Pelas curvas de polarização foi verificado que todas as substâncias estudadas se comportam como inibidores de corrosão anódicos no meio estudado, isto é, diminuem a velocidade de dissolução do metal na presença de maiores concentrações. O uso de um projeto fatorial completo, do tipo 24 foi decisivo para identificar os principais efeitos e interações entre as substâncias; sendo que os mais importantes foram devidos à presença de molibdato e tungstato de sódio, ou seja, a presença destas duas substâncias aumentou a resistência à transferência de carga do aço carbono no meio estudado. Em seguida, a análise estatística do projeto fatorial composto permitiu estimar a concentração ótima para a mistura de molibdato e tungstato de sódio; como o ponto de máximo da função superfície de resposta obtida. A concentração ótima estimada de molibdato e de tungstato de sódio foi de 3,6 x10-3M e 3,5x10-3M respectivamente. Finalmente, foi feita a avaliação ao longo de um período de tempo de 88 horas que permitiu identificar que o melhor comportamento da Rtc e da Cdl foi entre 48 e 72 horas de imersão.
The aim of this investigation is to obtain the optimum formulation of four nontoxics substances tested as corrosion inhibitors for ABNT 1005 carbon steel in watercooling systems. The studied substances were: sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate, copper phthalocyanine and a modified copolymer of polyoxialkylene and polidimethysiloxane. Electrochemical techniques as corrosion potential, impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potenciodynamic anodic and cathodic polarization curves were used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results were fitted through equivalent electric circuit modeling that allowed quantifying parameters like: the charge transfer resistance (Rtc) and double layer capacitance (Cdl) among others. In order to characterize the metal surface, scanning electronic microscopy images were obtained. These images allowed to evidence the surface alteration resulted from the addition of the studied inhibitors. Using polarization curves were verified that all substances studied behave as anodic corrosion inhibitors, this is, metal dissolution rate decrease when higher inhibitors concentrations were added. By applying a 24 design of experiments (DOE) were possible to identify the main effects and interactions between the substances (entry variables) on the charge transfer resistance (response variable). The main effects and interactions were obtained due to the presence of sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate; the Rtc got higher values as result of the presence of sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate. As a next step, using a design of experiments with central point was allowed to estimate the optimum concentration of sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate as result of the maximum of response surface obtained from statistic analysis in a wider range of concentrations. The optimum concentration estimated was 3,6x10-3M and 3,5x10-3M from sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate respectively. Finally it was done an immersion time evaluation until 88 hours using the optimum inhibitors concentration; the best performance of de Rtc and Cdl were between 48 and 72 hours of immersion.
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Tessema, Misle Mesfin. "Shunt Passivation Process for CdTe Solar Cell - New Post Deposition Technique." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1252430254.

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Bullock, Elizabeth Raub. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of {[(bpy)₂Ru(dpp)]₂RhCl₂}(PF₆)₅: A Light Absorber - Electron Collector - Light Absorber Triad AND Development and Evaluation of Integrated Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and Characterization Laboratory Experiments for the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28043.

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The research detailed herein has been conducted in two different areas. The first research goal was to develop and study a supramolecular system coupling two light absorber units to a central metal site capable of collecting two electrons; this has been accomplished. The complex {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2RhCl2}(PF6)5 was synthesized and characterized using electrochemistry and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2RhCl₂}(PF6)5 were probed with cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis studies to investigate the behavior of the system upon two-electron reduction of the rhodium metal center. Bulk electrolysis showed that the rhodium center underwent two-electron reduction. A water modulation of product distribution for the bulk electrolysis studies was found, and the nature of this process was studied. In the presence of water, two-electron reduction of the rhodium metal center afforded a RhI complex that had lost two chloride ligands: {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2RhI}+5. In the absence of sufficient water, two-electron reduction yields a breakdown of the trimetallic resulting in [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]+2 and {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]RhICl₂}+. The second research goal was to develop integrated molecular modeling, synthesis, and characterization laboratory experiments, to incorporate into the undergraduate inorganic laboratory curriculum, and to evaluate and modify this curricular approach. This was accomplished with organometallic [Mo(CO)4(N-N)] complexes, where N-N is a bidentate nitrogen donor ligand. [Mo(CO)4(N-N)] complexes were selected because they were amendable to molecular modeling and could be synthesized via two synthetic routes with reasonable yields, low reaction times, and were air stable. Many of these complexes are new, so a series of [Mo(CO)4(N-N)] complexes were synthesized by either thermal or photochemical substitution reactions. The systems were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Molecular modeling was performed on the series of [Mo(CO)4(N-N)] complexes using the CAChe software from Oxford Molecular, Ltd. These calculations typically provided reasonable structures, orbital locations, and relative orbital energies for the [Mo(CO)4(N-N)] systems. Correlations between the computational and experimental data were established. The electronic absorption spectral MLCT frequency versus calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, Epa versus calculated HOMO energy, E1/2red versus calculated LUMO energy, and 1H NMR chemical shift for [Mo(CO)4(1,10-phen)] and the substituted [Mo(CO)4(1,10-phen)] complexes versus ZINDO calculated partial charge were compared, where 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. From the analyses of physical versus computational data, it was concluded that molecular modeling results are useful in predicting physical data for these complexes. The integrated molecular modeling, synthesis, and characterization experiment was developed and incorporated into the undergraduate inorganic chemistry laboratory. In both 1998 and 1999, a qualitative evaluation of student response was completed. This was done using a recorded interview technique; interviews were subsequently transcribed and rendered to extract themes. This interview style was an effective evaluation technique for this project, providing the detailed comments and student feedback that were desired. These interviews showed that the majority of the students both enjoyed this experiment and felt that the exposure to molecular modeling was worthwhile within this type of integrated lab forum. The students felt this experiment aided in their understanding of the orbital properties of inorganic systems. Student comments and suggestions facilitated modifications for future offerings in 1999 and 2000. Continued evaluation and expansion of this curricular approach are in progress.
Ph. D.
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Ball, Jonathan C. "Sonoelectroanalysis : theory and experiment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:045beccb-5411-456b-b160-2e6360fd699a.

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This thesis reports the development of sonoelectrochemistry as a technique for sample analysis. Complementary modelling gives an insight into the mass transport and electrode reaction mechanisms. Separate studies were conducted as follows: - Initially an copper(II) acetate buffer system was used as its speciation can be determined. In order to establish under which conditions analysis could be conducted the effect of speciation was examined. These were applied to the Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) determination of copper in the acetate solution and to facilitate the use of a traditionally inhospitable electrochemical medium: real ale with minimal pre-treatment. Both gave detection limits of the range (1-100) μg L-1 and in quantitative agreement with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. - The effect of acoustic streaming under mild insonation was studied by modelling Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) of ASV and was found, when compared to experiment, to be the dominating factor. When the latter is strongly present two distinct mass.transport regimes were identified. Studies of chemical and electrochemical processes suggested that the acoustic streaming model fails under more extreme conditions. - SWV voltammetry was modelled for reversible electrochemical reactions leading to a refinement of existing analytical theory and the ASV modelling extended to account for surface morphology and finite electrode kinetics. Droplets on an electrode surface subjected to a potential sweep give rise to voltammetric traces attributed to charge insertion. Three mechanisms for this are proposed: (i) charge injection at the droplets surface, (ii) charge injection at the three phase boundary and (iii) the droplet is saturated with counter ions and electron transfer occurs at the electrode surface. These are solved numerically and incorporate Regular Solution Theory to account for non-ideal interactions. Comparing with experimental data an approximate model identified the processes occurring for small droplets. A Marangoni-type convection is suggested for larger droplets.
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Books on the topic "Electrochemical experiments"

1

Scholz, F. Electroanalytical methods: Guide to experiments and applications. 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Evgenij, Barsoukov, and Macdonald J. Ross 1923-, eds. Impedance spectroscopy: Theory, experiment, and applications. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2005.

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F, Scholz, and Bond A. M. 1946-, eds. Electroanalytical methods: Guide to experiments and applications. Berlin: Springer, 2002.

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Scholz, Fritz. Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications. Springer, 2014.

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Scholz, Fritz. Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications. Springer, 2010.

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Scholz, Fritz. Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications. Springer, 2014.

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Scholz, Fritz. Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications. Springer, 2002.

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Bieniasz, Leslaw K. Modelling Electroanalytical Experiments by the Integral Equation Method. Springer, 2015.

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Bieniasz, Lesław K. Modelling Electroanalytical Experiments by the Integral Equation Method. Springer, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrochemical experiments"

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Lefrant, S. "In Situ Raman Experiments on Polyacetylene in Electrochemical Cells." In Conducting Polymers, 37–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3907-3_2.

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Tian, Zhong-Qun, and Xue-Min Zhang. "Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS): Early History, Principles, Methods, and Experiments." In Developments in Electrochemistry, 113–35. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118694404.ch7.

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Maier, Joachim. "Defects with Variable Charges: Influence on Chemical Diffusion and on the Evaluation of Electrochemical Experiments." In NATO ASI Series, 345–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0509-5_22.

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Lin, Tzu-En. "Experimental Part." In Soft Probes for Bio-electrochemical Imaging, 25–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05758-9_2.

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Srinivasan, Ramanathan, and Fathima Fasmin. "Experimental Aspects." In An Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, 27–48. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003127932-2.

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Yates, John T. "Electrochemical Sulfur Source." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 710–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_208.

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Yates, John T. "Electrochemical Halogen Sources." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 712–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_209.

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Káš, Jan, Miroslav Marek, Miloslav Šţastný, and Radek Volf. "Biosensors with electrochemical transducers." In Experimental Techniques in Bioelectrochemistry, 361–453. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7607-0_6.

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Zia, Asif Iqbal, and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. "Impedance Spectroscopy and Experimental Setup." In Electrochemical Sensing: Carcinogens in Beverages, 21–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32655-9_2.

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Yates, John T. "Electrochemical Sources and Devices." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 497–504. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrochemical experiments"

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Peplowski, Andrzej, Daniel Janczak, and Małgorzata Jakubowska. "Wireless powering for electrochemical sensor." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2016, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2248623.

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VIOLANTE, V., G. MAZZITELLI, L. CAPOBIANCO, M. MCKUBRE, F. TANZELLA, F. SARTO, E. SANTORO, and C. SIBILIA. "SEARCH FOR NUCLEAR ASHES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS." In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cold Fusion. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701510_0034.

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Walter, Piotr, Bartłomiej Podsiadły, Bartłomiej Wałpuski, and Małgorzata Jakubowska. "Common configurations and challenges in screen-printed enzymatic electrochemical biosensors." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2018, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Maciej Linczuk. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2501724.

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van Soestbergen, M., R. T. H. Rongen, K. M. B. Jansen, and W. D. van Driel. "Development of an elaborate simulation tool for electrochemical failures in microelectronic packages." In Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2010.5464503.

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Herzberger, Jaemi L., Abhijit Dasgupta, and Siddhartha Das. "Multiphysics study of electrochemical migration in ceramic capacitors." In 2015 16th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurosime.2015.7103154.

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Ashida, Yugo, and Shinichi Nishizawa. "A multi-sample and multi-channel technique for conducting electrochemical experiments." In 2016 International Symposium on Flexible Automation (ISFA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isfa.2016.7790128.

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De´forge, Damien, Agne`s Lina, Jean-Marie Boursier, Franc¸ois Wenger, Pierre Ponthiaux, and Antoine Ambard. "Wear Measurements Using Electrochemical Methods." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71361.

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A research program dedicated on the interaction between motion and wear in aqueous environment was launched by “Electricite´ de France” (EDF). The influence of environmental parameters such as temperature, chemical composition and oxidative power will be tested. In primary water of nuclear reactors, contacts occur at high temperature (320°C) and corrosion effects are likely to be determining. The whole study will thus be performed from a corrosion-wear point of view. A wear simulator able to operate at high temperature and in high-pressurized water was thus electrochemically instrumented to perform in situ measurements. The results obtained at room temperature are presented. The oxidative power of the environment was varied using dissolved oxygen or hydrogen. It is shown that the oxidative power of the environment has a strong influence on corrosion and wear. Electrochemical experiments performed in situ prove that vibrations induced contacts lead to the removal of the passive film present on the steel. The extent of wear can be evaluated using electrochemical measurements. Prospects opened by this technique in studying wear in primary water at high temperature (320°C) are finally discussed.
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Karthikeyan, J., T. Laha, K. Balani, A. Agarwal, and N. Munroe. "Microstructural and Electrochemical Characterization of Cold-Sprayed 1100 Aluminum Coating." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0341.

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Abstract Cold spray is an effective technique to deposit pure metallic coatings on a variety of substrates. 1100 series aluminum-based coating has been deposited on similar aluminum substrate by cold spray technique using helium and a mixture of helium and nitrogen as powder carrying gases. The microstructural features of the coating were analyzed using optical micrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microhardness depth profiles. The electrochemical behavior of the materials was studied using 0.5 N H2SO4 as electrolyte. Tafel extrapolation experiments were carried out in order to calculate the corrosion rate, corrosion potential and the Tafel slopes, whereas, potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed to understand the passivation behavior of the material under the experimental conditions. The electrochemical studies validate the use of cold sprayed aluminum coating for corrosion protection applications. SEM characterization of the coatings was also performed after the electrochemical experiments.
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Wu, Yexian, Terunobu Akiyama, Sebastian Gautsch, Peter D. van der Wal, and Nico F. de Rooij. "In-plane fabricated insulated gold-tip probe for electrochemical and molecular experiments." In 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2013.6474286.

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Simonsen, Søren. "Electrochemical in situ TEM experiments with materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.388.

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Reports on the topic "Electrochemical experiments"

1

Smith, H. D. Electrochemical corrosion-scoping experiments: An evaluation of the results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/60502.

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Alan K Wertsching, Brandon S Grover, and Pattrick Calderoni. Enhanced molten salt purification by electrochemical methods: feasibility experiments with flibe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000530.

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Hu, Hongqiang, Claire Xiong, Mike Hurley, and Ju Li. Establishing New Capability of High Temperature Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Techniques for Equilibrium and Kinetic Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468632.

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Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, Indranil Chowdhury, Richards Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, James Mueller, and Will Moody. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity because of increased treatment complexity, cost, and duration. The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated in situ electrochemical treatment approach to extract inorganic compounds from fine-grained soils, with the treatment time comparable to excavation and off-site disposal. Three reactor experiments were conducted on samples collected from two borehole locations from a field site in Illinois that contained arsenic (As)(~7.4 mg/kg) and manganese (Mn)(~700 mg/kg). A combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or citrate buffer solution was used to treat the soils. A low-intensity electrical field was applied to soil samples using a bench-scale reactor that resembles field-scale in situ electrochemical systems. For the treatment using 10% H2O2 and citrate buffer solution, average removal of 23% and 8% were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. With 4% H2O2 and citrate buffer, 39% and 24% removal were achieved for Mn and As; while using only citrate buffer as the electrolyte, 49% and 9% removal were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. All chemical regimes adopted in this study reduced the inorganic compound concentrations to below the maximum allowable concentration for Illinois as specified by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The results from this work indicate that electrochemical systems that leverage low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and citrate buffer can be effective for remediating soils containing manganese and arsenic.
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Feldberg, S. W., C. I. Goldstein, and M. Rudolph. Development of Simulators for Electrochemical Responses: Experimental and Pedagogical Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770465.

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Pawel, SJ. Correlation of Process Data and Electrochemical Noise to Assess Kraft Digester Corrosion: Kamloops Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814570.

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Pawel, SJ. Correlation of Process Data and Electrochemical Noise to Assess Kraft Digester Corrosion: Spring Grove Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814185.

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