Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrochemical analyzer system

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrochemical analyzer system'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrochemical analyzer system"

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Velusamy, Vijayalakshmi, Khalil Arshak, Olga Korostynska, and Ahmed Al-Shamma'a. "A Novel Handheld Electrochemical Analyzer System Interfaced to a Smartphone." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.47.

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Detailed in this paper is the design of a novel handheld electrochemical analyzer system interfaced to a smart phone, which provides versatile and cost-effective solution for real-time sensing applications. It was characterised for electron transfer events associated with chemical and biological samples. The presented design is implemented based on the Arduino nanoopen source electronics prototyping platform. The versatility of the instrument is further demonstrated by employing the electrochemical analyser to a modified electrochemical cell which formed the basis of a DNA biosensor. Cyclic voltammetry technique was used to impose a triangular waveform on an electrochemical cell and the resulting current through the cell was then monitored. The DNA biosensor generated unique electrical signals in real-time between complementary and non-complementary oligonucleotides sequences of the Bacillus cereus DNA. The effects of hybridization and non-specific binding were compared when the probe DNA molecules were immobilized on a conducting polymer matrix. The results showed that the probe DNA immobilized using electrochemical adsorption yielded better hybridization signals compared to other immobilization methods. The performance of the DNA sensor proved to be effective in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility of hybridization events. Analysis of these DNA probes showed that the minimum level of detection was 33.3 pg/ml.
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Bubela, Tetiana, Vasyl Yatsuk, Tetiana Fedyshyn, and Hristo Krachunov. "STUDY OF THE PRIMARY CONVERTER-OBJECT SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, no. 4 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.018.

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The problem of creating electrochemical devices and the issues that arise in the system of the primary converterobject of control are considered. Low-resistance (salt solutions) and high-resistance (sugar solutions) objects were selected as the subject of study. To solve the problem, we have applied the method of impedance spectrum analysis with EIS Spectrum Analyzer software, which performs modeling on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Substitution schemes in different frequency and concentration ranges of studied objects were synthesized. This enables appropriate corrective action to minimize the impact of adverse events in the system while monitoring the quality of solutions - non-electrical nature objects – by electrochemical devices.
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Silva, Manori J., and John L. Wong. "Electrochemical bioassay system. Redox measurements of Escherichia coli growth by multichannel analyzer." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 34, no. 2 (September 1994): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(94)80033-2.

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Jacobs, E., M. Nowakowski, and N. Colman. "Performance of Gem Premier blood gas/electrolyte analyzer evaluated." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.9.1890.

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Abstract We evaluated a new analyzer designed for point-of-care testing of blood gases, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, and hematocrit. The Gem Premier (Mallinckrodt) system has two components: the analyzer and a disposable cartridge. Analysis takes place in the cartridge, which contains the electrochemical sensors, the calibrants, the reagents, the sampling stylus, and the waste container. The system was evaluated for imprecision and accuracy. With aqueous control materials, total imprecision (CV) was: pH, 0.10-0.18%; PCO2, 3.16-5.78%; PO2, 2.92-4.85%; sodium, 0.82-1.44%; potassium, 1.35-1.48%; ionized calcium, 0.75-1.45%; and hematocrit, 1.13-1.83%. Accuracy of the system was assessed by split-sample comparison with the Radiometer ABL 330 blood gas analyzer for pH and blood gases, the Nova Stat Profile 5 for whole-blood electrolyte and hematocrit analysis, and the IL Phoenix for plasma electrolyte analysis. After outlier correction, regression statistics were excellent for all analytes except sodium, which demonstrated Sy[x values between 1.80 and 2.30 mmol/L and 0.85 < or = r < 0.90.
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Schmidt, Wolfram, Carsten Tautorat, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, Niels Grabow, Frank Kamke, Sylvia Pfensig, and Stefan Siewert. "Multi-channel impedance analyzer for automated testing of networks and biomaterials." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3107.

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AbstractImpedance spectroscopy represents a basic operating principle for biomedical sensors, bioimpedance spectroscopy, electrochemical analyses and for characterization of functional biomaterials. For automated long-term investigations, an impedance analyzer for multi-channel testing of up to eight passive two-pole networks is presented in this paper. Its operating system is application-specific adapted to the required test functionalities and measuring ranges. Measurements are based on a commercially available integrated impedance converter circuit. Our current analyzer setup is capable of measuring impedance values from 50 kΩ up to 10 MΩ with automated range selection for most accurate results. The impedance under test is excited with a single frequency of 1 kHz. An impedance accuracy of 1.5 % was determined in reference measurements. The presented impedance analyzer is a low cost system ready for use particularly in long-term characterization of dielectric networks, such as material properties, with multiple samples.
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Manová, A., E. Beinrohr, and F. Čacho. "Atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization to determine trace amounts of arsenic." Acta Chimica Slovaca 10, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2017-0029.

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AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop an on-line coupling of electrochemical preconcentration to atomic absorption spectrometry method and to apply the developed system in the determination of ultra-trace amounts of As in water samples. A flow-through electrochemical analyzer EcaFlow (Istran Ltd, Bratislava, Slovakia) was used as the preconcentration unit with a two-electrode cell. The working electrode was a reticular vitreous carbon electrode coated with gold. An atomic absorption spectrometer SP9 with a graphite furnace atomizer (Pye Unicam) was used to determine the preconcentrated As species. Preconcentration parameters were optimized for the electrochemical process.
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Chung, Yi-Chen, Ade Julistian, Lakshmanan Saravanan, Peng-Ren Chen, Bai-Cheng Xu, Pei-Jie Xie, and An-Ya Lo. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of CuO/RuO2/MWCNT Nanocomposites with Morphological Variants for High Efficient Supercapacitors." Catalysts 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12010023.

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In this study, we develop the optimum composition of copper oxide/ruthenium oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CuO/RuO2/MWCNTs) ternary nanocomposite via a hydrothermal method as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The ratio between CuO and RuO2 varied to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode. The synthesized nanocomposites are analyzed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the elemental composition is analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and the specific capacitance was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) methods. The electrochemical investigations is conducted in a three-electrode system and the sample is attached on a stainless steel plate as the working electrode; platinum wire works as the counter electrode and Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode, adopting 3 M (NH4)2SO4 as the electrolyte. The resultant of CuO/RuO2/MWCNT nanocomposite with 7 wt% Cu and 20 wt% Ru was found to perform the highest specific capacitance of 461.59 F/g in a current density of 1 A/g.
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López-Lozano, Lina Marcela, Cesar Augusto Quiñones-Segura, and Oscar Rodríguez-Bejarano. "Electrochemical monitoring of a photocatalytic desulfurization process of a model liquid fuel." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 9, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.180.

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Thiophene is a sulfur compound found mostly in gasoline and contributor to air pollution. This paper analyzes UV light photocatalytic desulfurization of model oil using Ag/TiO2. Thiophene concentration in the oil phase was determined by the electrochemical analyzer using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical experimental works were performed by two methodologies. First, aliquots of the oleic mixture were taken every 30 minutes and the thiophene concentration was measured over 7 hours of degradation. The concentration of thiophene decreased by 37.94%. In the second methodology, the in situ thiophene concentration was determined by DPV, where the reaction mixture was altered by the addition of acetonitrile and a quaternary ammonium salt as solvent-supporting electrolyte system. In this medium, the thiophene concentration was reduced by 43.88% after 4 hours of photocatalytic degradation.
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Matsaridis, Efstathios, Varban Savov, Alexandre Gritzkov, Nelie Zheleva, and Stoyan Gutzov. "Transport of Carbon Dioxide through a Biomimetic Membrane." Advances in Physical Chemistry 2011 (September 5, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/210802.

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Biomimetic membranes (BMM) based on polymer filters impregnated with lipids or their analogues are widely applied in numerous areas of physics, biology, and medicine. In this paper we report the design and testing of an electrochemical system, which allows the investigation of CO2 transport through natural membranes such as alveoli barrier membrane system and also can be applied for solid-state measurements. The experimental setup comprises a specially designed two-compartment cell with BMM connected with an electrochemical workstation placed in a Faraday cage, two PH meters, and a nondispersive infrared gas analyzer. We prove, experimentally, that the CO2 transport through the natural membranes under different conditions depends on pH and displays a similar behavior as natural membranes. The influence of different drugs on the CO2 transport process through such membranes is discussed.
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Markova, Ivania, Valentina Milanova, Tihomir Petrov, Ivan Denev, and Olivier Chauvet. "New Porous Nanocomposite Materials for Electrochemical Power Sources." Key Engineering Materials 644 (May 2015): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.129.

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Intermetallic (Cu-Sn) nanoparticles are synthesized through a borohydride reduction with NaBH4 in a mixture of aqueous solutions of CuCl2.2H2O and SnCl2.2H2O at mass ratio Cu:Sn = 3:2 applying a template technique with a support such as carbon foam. The ratio is chosen in accordance with the Cu-Sn binary system phase diagram. The reductive precipitation is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Porous nanocomposites are obtained and studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized Cu-Sn alloy and the C-based composites (С-foam/Cu-Sn alloy) as positive electrodes is also investigated in a Li-ion battery) using a computer controlled laboratory cycling equipment BA500 Series Battery Analyzer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrochemical analyzer system"

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Lopes, Oliveira Luiz Fernando. "Un modèle physique multiéchelle pour l’analyse de l’électrolyse de l’eau dans des électrolyseurs à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMWE) : des données ab-initio vers les observables macroscopiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10008.

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La filière énergétique de l'hydrogène se réfère à la possibilité d'utilisation de H2 pour transporter et produire de l'énergie. Il existe différentes méthodes pour fabriquer H2, parmi elles, l'électrolyse de l'eau. Parmi les dispositifs existants utilisés pour la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de l'eau, les électrolyseurs à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMWE) ont été très étudiés durant ces dernières années. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de fournir un modèle multi échelle pour l'analyse du fonctionnement des PEMWE. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous utilisons différentes techniques théoriques et numériques, en raison des différentes échelles qui doivent être traités. Cette thèse comporte deux axes principaux: le premier consiste en l'élaboration d'un modèle multi échelle transitoire pour décrire le fonctionnement d'un PEMWE. Ce modèle comprend une description détaillée des mécanismes chimiques élémentaires et des cinétiques associées au niveau des électrodes, une description du comportement de l'interface catalyseur-électrolyte à l'échelle nanométrique et une description microstructurale du transport des espèces chimiques et des charges au long des assemblages membrane électrodes (AME). Nous présentons une étude d'impact des différents matériaux catalytiques sur les performances des PEMWE et une étude de la sensibilité aux conditions de fonctionnement à partir des simulations numériques et les résultats sont discutés en comparaison avec les données expérimentales. Le deuxième axe est consacré à l'étude détaillée des phénomènes à l'échelle atomique. Dans ce but, nous avons réalisé des calculs basés sur la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) pour fournir une description détaillée de l'adsorption de l'eau sur IrO2 et RuO2, deux des catalyseurs les plus utilisés dans un PEMWE
Hydrogen energy refers to the possibility of using H2 to transport and produce energy. There are different methods to fabricate H2, among them, water electrolysis. Regarding the existing devices used for the production of hydrogen from water electrolysis, the so-called polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) have gained attention in the last years. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a multiscale model for the analysis of PEMWE operation. To achieve such goal, we use different theoretical and numerical techniques, due to the several scales that should be treated. This thesis has two main axes. The first one consists of the development of a multiscale transient model describing the operation of a PEMWE single cell. This model includes a detailed description of the elementary electrode kinetics, a description of the behavior of the nanoscale catalyst-electrolyte interface, and a microstructural description of the transport of chemical species and charges at the microscale along the whole membrane electrodes assembly (MEA). We present an impact study of different catalyst materials on the performance of the PEMWE and a sensitivity study to the operation conditions, both evaluated from numerical simulations and with results discussed in comparison with available experimental data. The second axis is devoted to the consideration of the reaction kinetics phenomena at the atomistic scale in more details. For this, we have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide a detailed description of the adsorption of water on IrO2 and RuO2, two of the most used catalyst materials in PEMWE
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Hémery, Charles-Victor. "Etudes des phénomènes thermiques dans les batteries Li-ion." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968666.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent l'étude thermique des batteries Li-ion en vue d'une application de gestion thermique pour l'automobile. La compréhension des phénomènes thermiques à l'échelle accumulateur est indispensable avant de réaliser une approche de type module ou pack batterie. Ces phénomènes thermiques sont mis en évidence à partir d'une modélisation thermique globale de deux accumulateurs de différentes chimies, en décharge à courant constant. La complexité du caractère résistif de l'accumulateur Li-ion a mené au développement d'un modèle prenant en compte l'interaction entre les phénomènes électrochimiques et thermiques, permettant une approche prédictive de son comportement. Enfin la réalisation de deux boucles expérimentales, de simulation de systèmes de gestion thermique d'un module de batterie, montre les limites d'un refroidissement classique par air à respecter les critères de management thermique. En comparaison, le second système basé sur l'intégration innovante d'un matériau à changement de phase (MCP) se montre performant lors de situations usuelles, de défauts ou encore lors du besoin d'une charge rapide de la batterie.
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Lin, Ming-Yuan, and 林明源. "Electrochemical Analyses of Leveler Additives in Copper Electrodeposition System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13804705372999412483.

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碩士
國立聯合大學
能源工程學系碩士班
103
High aspect ratio (HAR) though-Si via and though hole filling by copper plating is an important technology for 3D IC package to vertically connect chip-to-chip as interposers. In order to achieve a conformal copper metallization in high aspect ratio vias and holes filling, organic additives such as bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide (SPS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and (Janus Green B, JGB) are commonly used in the Cu plating bath. In this work, a study of concentration effect of additives, the competition adsorption of the leveler additives on the copper electrodeposition, and forced convection behavior are performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the galvanostatic measurements (GM) with rotating disk electrode under a well control of forced convection strength. According to the electrochemical analyses, the acceleration performance of SPS is better than that of MPS. The inhibition behavior of PEG did not increase isometrically with concentration of PEG if the amount of Cl－ ion maintained at the same concentration. The electrochemical behavior of JGB is depended on bias current density and potential. The interaction studies between additives is according to the GM results with different injection sequence. By controlling the selected additives adsorbed on the surface of electrode, the antagonistic adsorption or synergistic behavior was discussed. Furthermore, we introduce a novel lever, Indione Blue (IB), in the plating bath to study the electrochemical behavior. Compare to the traditional lever, JGB, a better inhibit behavior was shown in the CV and GM results. An obvious increase of the cathodic potential was revealed by subsequently inject 1 ppm IB at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 indicating a good inhibit behavior. At the last part, electrolyte containing 0.88 M CuSO4‧5H2O、0.54 M H2SO4, 40 ppm Cl-, 200 ppm PEG, 1 ppm SPS, 1 ppm JGB or 1 ppm IB was used to fill blind holes on Si wafers. The blind holes with diameter of 50 μm and depth of 100 μm were successfully filled with copper electrodeposited at constant current density to achieve a void-free filling of TSV.
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Chang, Chih-Wei, and 張智幃. "Materials Development, Electrochemical Analyses and, System Expansion of a Lead Acid Redox Flow Battery." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58353433615842409605.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
生物產業機電工程學研究所
103
This thesis focuses on material and component development and system expansion of a lead acid redox flow battery, a promising large scale energy storage device. We aim to reduce the cost of this energy storage device, so as to facilitate its commercialization. Through integration of power grid and the developed energy storage device, we expect to achieve better load leveling and efficient energy utilization. In this research we concentrated on materials development, electrochemical analyses, additives study, and system expansion for a lead acid redox flow battery. With this research effort, the electrodes are found to be able to endure higher current density and cyclability of the battery is extended. Better battery performance is achieved by using graphite electrode as the positive electrode, nickel plate as the negative electrode, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide as the leveling agent to prevent the growing of lead dendrite, and sodium fluoride as the surface smoother to restrain oxygen evolution. In order to further reduce formation of oxygen on the positive electrode, a layer of β-PbO2 is pre-deposited on the positive electrode before cycling. We found this pretreatment extends the cycle life of the battery to 140 times and maintains the energy efficiency at above 50%, which is much better than a reference system with commercialized composite carbon electrode utilized in fuel cell systems.
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Books on the topic "Electrochemical analyzer system"

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Zito, Ralph. Electrochemical approaches to water processing: A compendium of analyses and laboratory notes based upon R&D in electrochemical energy systems technology. [Research Triangle Park, NC]: Technology Research Laboratories Publication, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrochemical analyzer system"

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Zia, Asif Iqbal, and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. "Inducing Analyte Selectivity in the Sensing System." In Electrochemical Sensing: Carcinogens in Beverages, 113–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32655-9_6.

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Garg, Mayank, Reetu Rani, Amit L. Sharma, and Suman Singh. "Microfluidic Electrochemical Sensor System for Simultaneous Multi Biomarker Analyses." In Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 365–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033479-15.

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Eremenko, Arkadiy, Il'ya Kurochkin, and Nataliya Nechaeva. "Bioanalytical systems based on cholinesterases for detection of organophosphates." In ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS, 205–18. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/32_205-218.

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Various types of electrochemical sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been presented for the analysis of organophosphates (OPC). A special design of thick film sensors and electrochemical detector for cholinesterases assay and their inhibitors in aqueous samples has been developed. For this assay, thiol sensitive sensors based on screen printed graphite electrode modified with nanoparticles of manganese dioxide were used. High sensitivity of manganese dioxide modified thick film sensors towards thiocholine and therefore low detection limit of BChE (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, and other irreversible inhibitors of BChE. This work also presents modern innovative approach for the analysis of BChE by Raman spectroscopy. New SERS-substrates based on silver paste for sensitive quantification of BChE activity were obtained, characterized and applied to thiocholine detection, with LOD (TCh) being 260 nM. Real samples of human plasma were analyzed; a good correlation between spectrophotometric detection and Raman detection was shown. The developed technique is inexpensive and easy-to-use and has promising potential for analysis of OPC.
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Eremenko, Arkadiy, Il'ya Kurochkin, and Nataliya Nechaeva. "Bioanalytical systems based on cholinesterases for detection of organophosphates." In Organophosphorous Neurotoxins, 0. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/chapter_5e4132b6096d14.18045940.

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Various types of electrochemical sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been presented for the analysis of organophosphates (OPC). A special design of thick film sensors and electrochemical detector for cholinesterases assay and their inhibitors in aqueous samples has been developed. For this assay, thiol sensitive sensors based on screen printed graphite electrode modified with nanoparticles of manganese dioxide were used. High sensitivity of manganese dioxide modified thick film sensors towards thiocholine and therefore low detection limit of BChE (1 pM) enabled their use for subnanomolar detection of an organophosphate pesticide diazinon, and other irreversible inhibitors of BChE. This work also presents modern innovative approach for the analysis of BChE by Raman spectroscopy. New SERS-substrates based on silver paste for sensitive quantification of BChE activity were obtained, characterized and applied to thiocholine detection, with LOD (TCh) being 260 nM. Real samples of human plasma were analyzed; a good correlation between spectrophotometric detection and Raman detection was shown. The developed technique is inexpensive and easy-to-use and has promising potential for analysis of OPC.
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Rossier, J. S., F. Reymond, I. Arnaux, V. Gobry, Z. Wu, T. Rohner, X. Bai, and H. H. Girault. "Protein Analyses with Electrochemical and Nanoelectrospray Detection on Disposable Plastic Microchips." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, 509–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1015-3_217.

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El-Azazy, Marwa. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in Food, Water, and Drug Analyses: Recent Advances and Applications." In Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92333.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a potent electrochemical technique with a variety of applications. EIS measurements involve the application of an alternating current (AC) voltage (or current) to the system under investigation, followed by measurement of the response in the form of AC current (or voltage) as a function of frequency. By and large, EIS is an exceptionally attractive in terms of applications. Being nondestructive with a feasibility of implementation to the system to be measured and the usefulness of data obtained in characterizing the studied systems, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has realms of applications. As food and water safety and security is becoming a universal concern, the need for a technique that can detect water and food contaminants with relatively high sensitivity and selectivity is evolving. EIS has started to realize its potential with a wide-term use in water and food analyses.
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Y. Yacoob Aldosky, Haval, and Dindar S. Bari. "Electrodermal Activity: Simultaneous Recordings." In Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89025.

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Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a sensitive measure of the sympathetic nervous system activity. It is used to describe changes in the skin electrical properties. This chapter aimed to show advantages of simultaneous recordings of EDA parameters at the same skin site over other recordings. The literature databases, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were searched using terms like “electrodermal activity,” “sequential recording,” “simultaneous recording,” “skin conductance,” “skin potential,” and “skin susceptance.” Articles that include sequential and/or simultaneous recording of EDA parameters were analyzed. The chapter presents a description of the oldest and current methods used for recording EDA parameters and an explanation of the newest techniques used in EDA researches. Although sequential recordings are predominant and widely spreading, much effort has been made to simultaneously record skin conductance (SC) and skin potential (SP), and recently researchers realized the capability of simultaneously recording SC, SP, and skin susceptance (SS) at the same skin site. The advantage of simultaneous over the sequence measurements is that the latter must be manually time realigned when measured by different instruments, which means it is time-consuming. Although the simultaneous measurements are used exclusively for research purposes at this stage, this may open horizons in the modern trends of psychophysiology applications in the near future.
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Devnani, Harsha, and Chetna Sharma. "Recent Advances in Voltammetric Sensing." In Frontiers in Voltammetry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108595.

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The practical day to day life is largely affected by the products that we use, the air that we breathe, the soil that is used to grow crops, the water we drink and use for various household chores or industrial purposes. The purity analysis of these products or estimation of useful inorganic and organic analytes is of utmost importance for avoiding health and environment risk. Everyone wants to be aware that what they are eating or applying on their skin is safe for them. A diabetic patient needs to monitor their blood sugar levels constantly. The air, water and soil quality needs constant monitoring to avoid health hazards. Not just this, chemical analysis is crucial as a crime investigation technique to identify suspects. Fuel quality and storage needs to be tested for eliminating unwanted losses. The electrochemical techniques are inherently fast, selective and sensitive and some systems are portable as well which is a boon for on-site monitoring. Voltammetric techniques like cyclic voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, amperometry and other techniques provide specific information of the analytes to be tested. This chapter will highlight the voltammetric techniques used for different types of analyte sensing and the advances that have taken place recently related to voltammetric sensing.
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Kim, Myung-Hoon. "Advances in Derivative Voltammetry - A Search for Diagnostic Criteria of Several Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms." In Analytical Chemistry - Advancement, Perspectives and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96409.

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New methods for analysis of current-potential curves in terms of their derivatives are presented for studying various types of electrode processes – such as simple electron transfer reactions (reversible, quasi-reversible, and irreversible electron transfer) as well as chemically coupled electron transfer reactions along with a diagnostic scheme for differentiating these various types of electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Expressions for first- and higher order derivatives are derived from theoretical analytical solutions for currents for the different types of electrode mechanisms. The derivative curves are analyzed in terms of various parameters which characterize peak shape or peak symmetry with an emphasis on the second derivatives with well-defined anodic and cathodic peaks. Second derivatives can yield, in a simpler manner, the symmetry ratios; i.e., a ratio of anodic to cathodic peak-currents (ipa/ipc), and a ratio of anodic to cathodic peak-widths (Wpa/wpc) and a ratio of anodic to cathodic peak potential differences (ΔEpa/ΔEpc) or a peak separation (Epa-Epc) are evaluated, and these ratio can be related to kinetic parameters associated with a particular types of electrode mechanisms. Peaks are found to be symmetrical for a simple reversible electron transfer process (Er). However, peaks become asymmetrical when the electron transfer become slower (namely, irreversible, Eirr) or e− transfer reaction is coupled with homogeneous chemical reactions such as a prior reaction (CEr) or a follower-up reaction (ECr). From measured values of such symmetry ratios above, one can gain insight to the nature of the electrochemical systems enabling us to determine various kinetic parameters associated with a system. A diagnostic criteria for assigning an electrode mechanism is devised based on the values of asymmetry parameters measured, which are unity for a simple reversible electron transfer process.
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Fawcett, W. Ronald. "Charge Transfer Equilibria at Interfaces." In Liquids, Solutions, and Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094329.003.0013.

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Processes in which charge is transferred from one phase to another at an interface make up an important class of interfacial reactions. Well-known examples are the reactions which occur at the electrodes of an electrochemical cell. These are electron transfer reactions, oxidation taking place at one electrode and reduction at the other. The early study of electrochemical cells provided valuable thermodynamic information about the redox processes occurring in them. When an electrochemical cell is a source of energy, for example, a battery, chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. When electrical energy is driven into an electrochemical cell from an external source, electrode reactions producing products of commercial interest are possible. Thus the general subject discussed here is of considerable practical importance. Another important class of interfacial charge transfer processes occurs at the membrane | solution interface. Some solute species can move into the membrane phase, whereas others cannot. When ions are involved in membrane selectivity, a potential drop is established at the interface. Ion transfer processes at membranes are extremely important in living organisms and form the basis for the functioning of the nervous system. Membranes are also involved in ion selective electrodes such as the ubiquitous pH electrode. These electrodes are often used in modern analytical techniques based on potentiometry. In the present chapter, the relationship between the electrode potential and the activity of the solution components in the cell is examined in detail. The connection between the Galvani potential difference at the electrode solution interface and the electrode potential on the standard redox scale is discussed. This leads to an examination of the extrathermodynamic assumption which allows one to define an absolute electrode potential. Ion transfer processes at the membrane | solution interface are then examined. Diffusion potentials within the membrane and the Donnan potentials at the interface are illustrated for both liquid and solid state membranes. Specific ion electrodes are described, and their various modes of sensing ion activities in an analyte solution discussed. The structure and type of membrane used are considered with respect to its selectivity to a particular ion over other ions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electrochemical analyzer system"

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Reich, Alton, James Shaw, and John Bergmans. "Testing a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Oxygen Analyzer." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61691.

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Abstract Chemical processing systems can be controlled using a wide variety of instrumentation. Often pressure and temperature are key parameters that are monitored and controlled, and this instrumentation is extremely mature technology. In some cases, chemical concentrations are a key process parameter that must be monitored and used as an input to the system controller. Chemical concentrations may be monitored indirectly through pH or conductivity. Direct measurements are often made via electrochemical cells, but these tend to have slow response times. For chemical processes that operate in batch mode, particularly ones that have relatively short cycle times, chemical sensors that have fast response and recovery times are needed, and electrochemical sensors may not be suitable. This paper describes such an application where the chemical concentration of oxygen is an important process and safety parameter. A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) oxygen sensor was selected for this application because of the short response and recovery time. When the oxygen sensor was received, it was set up in the laboratory and tested to verify measurement accuracy and data communication with the sensor. During this testing, we discovered that the sensor produced incorrect output over a portion of the system operating pressure range. The root cause of the error was traced to how the firmware (sensor operating software) handled the measured pressure input to produce the oxygen concentration output. The paper discusses the laboratory testing setup, and the testing that was executed. A structured test program was executed that enabled us to understand the nature of the incorrect measurement, and trace the source of the error to the sensor operating software.
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Christensen, Victor, Dan Cordon, Steve Beyerlein, Judi Steciak, and Ralph Budwig. "Design of a Low Cost, Partial Flow Dilution Tunnel With Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance Particulate Measurement." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64215.

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Accurate, repeatable measurement of tailpipe emissions is an important factor in the development of internal combustion engines and testing of alternative fuels. A dilution tunnel simulates the action of exhaust mixing with atmospheric gases and prevents condensation prior to gas and particulate measurements. In this work, a micro dilution tunnel was designed for the University of Idaho Small Engine Laboratory (SEL), and experiments were conducted to establish the controllability and accuracy of the tunnel. The tunnel design implements partial flow, Constant Volume Sampling (CVS) using an ejector diluter. Real-time measurement of CO2, CO, O2, NOx, hydrocarbons, and particulate emissions are collected using the combination of a NDIR/electrochemical 5-gas analyzer and a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). Data from these instruments and the flow conditioning equipment are collected and logged by a National Instruments data acquisition system. For the desired 11:1 dilution ratio, the system should be operated at 700°F suction temperature and 35 psia motive pressure. This results in an uncertainty of 3% at the 80% confidence level. A procedure has been developed for obtaining and verifying dilution ratios between 11:1 and 15:1. The characterization and use of an ejector diluter have made it possible to create an inexpensive dilution tunnel that will be useful in studying effects of freezing chemical reactions, and analyzing emissions of diesel and two-stroke engines that typically produce elevated levels of hydrocarbons and particulates beyond the saturation range of many emissions analyzers.
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Minevski, Zoran, Alan Cisar, James Magnuson, Surya Shandy, and Duncan Hitchens. "Advantages of an Electrochemical Ion Analyzer for ISS Water Monitoring." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2540.

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Al-Hamry, Ammar, Fawzi Fansa, Ali O. Al-Absi, Frank Wendler, Rohan Munjal, Abdelhamid Errachid, and Olfa Kanoun. "Low-Cost Portable Impedance Analyzer based on STM32 for Electrochemical Sensors." In 2020 17th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd49366.2020.9364250.

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van Zandt, Zachary K., and George J. Nelson. "Parametric Studies of Microstructural Performance Effects in Solid Oxide Cells." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39021.

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A distributed charge transfer model has been developed to analyze solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers operating in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 atmospheres. The model couples mass transport based on the dusty-gas model, ion and electron transport in terms of charged species electrochemical potentials, and electrochemical reactions defined by Butler-Volmer kinetics. The model is validated by comparison to published experimental data, particularly cell polarization curves for both fuel cell and electrolyzer operation. Parametric studies have been performed to compare the effects of microstructure on the performance of SOFCs and SOECs operating in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 gas streams. Compared to the H2-H2O system, the power density of the CO-CO2 system shows a greater sensitivity to porosity and tortuosity. Analyses of the effects of the pore diameter suggest the H2-H2O and CO-CO2 systems are affected by changes in pore diameter in a similar manner. However, the concentration losses of the CO-CO2 system are significantly higher than those of the H2-H2O system for the pore sizes analyzed. While both systems can be shown to improve in performance with higher porosity, lower tortuosity, and larger pore sizes the results of these parametric studies imply that CO-CO2 systems would benefit more from such microstructural changes. These results further suggest that objectives for tailoring microstructure in solid oxide cells operating in CO-CO2 are distinct from objectives for more common H2-focused systems.
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Hanson, Anthony J., Dinesh Maddipatla, Arnesh K. Bose, Christopher J. Kosik, Sajjad Hajian, Masoud Panahi, Simin Masihi, Binu B. Narakathu, Bradley J. Bazuin, and Massood Z. Atashbar. "Flexible and Portable Electrochemical System for the Detection of Analytes." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fleps51544.2021.9469822.

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Chen, Jinwei, Shengnan Sun, Yao Chen, Huisheng Zhang, and Zhenhua Lu. "Study on Model Evolution Method Based on the Hybrid Modeling Technology With Support Vector Machine for a SOFC-GT System." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11946.

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Abstract The mechanism models of solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC-GT) systems are very useful to analyze the detail thermodynamic performance, including the internal complex mass, heat and electrochemical processes. However, several characteristic parameters in the mechanism model are difficult to be estimated accurately due to the unknown offset. As a result, it is difficult for the mechanism model to maintain high accuracy during the full operating cycle. In this paper, a model evolution method based on hybrid modeling technology is proposed to simulate the thermodynamic performance more accurately during the full operation cycle. A hybrid model framework of SOFC-GT system is designed to evolve the mechanism model. The electrochemical characteristic of SOFC is identified and evolved by a data-driven model based on least squares-support vector machine algorithm (LS-SVM) rather than a mechanism electrochemical model. Firstly, the prediction performance of the electrochemical LS-SVM model is compared with the test data. The maximum error of prediction is only about 1.776 A/m2, and the prediction accuracy reaches 99.998%. Then the hybrid model, coupled with the LS-SVM electrochemical model from the mechanism model, is developed to simulate the thermodynamic performance of SOFC-GT system. The off-design performance of the SOFC-GT system is analyzed by the hybrid model and mechanism model. In addition, the comparison results show that the hybrid model can accurately predict the SOFC-GT system performance. The maximum error is less than 2.2% at off-design condition. In consideration of its significant advantages combining data-driven model and mechanism model, hybrid model is a powerful candidate for accurate performance simulation during full operation cycle.
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Kabir, Shanzida, Dipannita Ghosh, and Nazmul Islam. "Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for Various Electrode Pattern in a Microfluidic Channel With Different Electrolyte Solutions." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70623.

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Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a rapidly developing technique in microfluidics for characterizing materials and interfaces. By using equivalent circuits as models, it can determine the electrical properties of heterogeneous systems like membranes or electrolytes in a microfluidics chamber. For measuring Impedance spectroscopy, a small amount of perturbing sinusoidal signal was applied to the electrochemical microfluidic cell and measured the resulting current response. Two main ways to visualize EIS are Nyquist and Bode plot. In our research, both of these plots describe the characteristics of the electrochemical system in their ways. In our studies, we analyzed both the Bode plot and Nyquist plot for two different electrodes arrangement named as T shaped electrode (or orthogonal electrode) and V-shaped electrodes. We also compare these electrodes in three different electrolytes DI water (18.72μS/cm), tap water (666.12 μS/cm) and PBS 1× (8235.24 μS/cm) with three different ranges of conductivity to observe their characteristics changes and to compare them. We analyze the capacitive effect or electric double layer (EDL) effect for the electrode and electrolyte interface and how electron transfer kinetics and diffusional characteristics affect the spectra. As Impedance takes into account all factors such as capacitance, resistance or inductance besides the ideal resistor, it can define the characteristics of each different cell or electrode pattern by the spectra. For our microfluidics system, the capacitive systems are traditionally very large especially at the low frequencies because of impedance. The purpose of this research is to find the optimal operating range for different AC electrokinetic mechanism.
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Chen, Simeng, Chunhui Dai, Arwa Fraiwan, and Seokheun Choi. "A miniaturized parallel analyses platform for rapid electrochemical discoveries of microbial activities." In 2014 9th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2014.6908893.

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Nishida, Kousuke, Toshimi Takagi, and Shinichi Kinoshita. "Analysis of Electrochemical Performance and Exergy Loss in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38094.

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A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is expected to be applied to the distributed energy systems because of its high thermal efficiency and exhaust gas utilization. The exhaust heat from the SOFC can be transferred to the electric power by a gas turbine, and the high efficiency power generation can be achieved by constructing the SOFC and gas turbine hybrid system. In this study, the local processes in the electrodes and electrolyte of unit SOFC are analyzed taking into account the heat conduction, mass diffusion, electrode reactions and the transport of electron and oxygen ion. The temperature and concentration distributions perpendicular to the electrolyte membrane are shown. The effects of the operating conditions on the cell performance are also shown. Furthermore, the entropy generation and exergy loss of each process in the electrodes and electrolyte are analyzed and the reason for generating the exergy loss in the SOFC is clarified. It is noted that two electrode reactions are responsible for the major exergy loss.
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Reports on the topic "Electrochemical analyzer system"

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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.
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