Academic literature on the topic 'Electro-Slag Remelting/ESR'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Electro-Slag Remelting/ESR.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Electro-Slag Remelting/ESR"
1
Rao, Lei, Qi Yao Hu, and Xiao Long Li. "Numerical Simulation Study of Consumable Electrode Melting Process in Electro-Slag Remelting Ingots." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3895.
Full textAbstract:
Electro-slag remelting (ESR) is a kind of special metallurgy techniques to produce high quality alloy materials. The interface of electrode and slag is the energy entrance of entire system in the remelting process. Mathematical model of consumable electrode’s melting process has been built in this paper. Some valuable variation rules of droplet diameter, droplet forming time, melting rate and purification coefficient following melting current and slag bath depth have been studied through a series of simulation work. Based on the mechanism studying of the consumable electrode’s melting, some meaningful experience to optimize the technological parameters and improve material quality of electro slag ingot has been gotten.
2
Pribulová, A., P. Futáš, A. Kmita, D. Márasová, and M. Holtzer. "Impact of electro slag remelting on 14 109 steel properties." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Electro Slag Remelting (ESR) is one of the remelting processes in the field of metal refinery. In this process, the slag plays various roles, such as heat generation, protection of melt, and chemical refining. The main objective of the experiments described in this article was to identify the most appropriate slag composition for the electro slag remelting of the steel in order to achieve the chemical composition compliant with the standard applicable to the given steel, minimum sulphur content, minimum contents of oxide and sulphide inclusions, as well as mechanical properties corresponding to the standard applicable to the steel STN 14 109. Ten electrodes were remelted, whereas the remelting was carried out under 8 slags. The used slags containing 70% of CaF2 and 30% of Al2O3 with different addition of CaO, the slags consisted of the same components as previous slags, whereas the ratio of individual components was 1:1:1, and with SiO2 and MgO and slag without Al2O3. With regard to all the above mentioned facts, the slag types which may be regarded as the most appropriate for the STN 14 109 steel remelting are the basic slags containing 70% of CaF2 - 30% of Al2O3 with added 30 and 45 weight % of CaO.
3
Pribulová, Alena, Peter Futáš, and Marianna Bartošová. "Cleanness and Mechanical Properties of Steel after Remelting under Different Slags by ESR." Key Engineering Materials 635 (December 2014): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.635.112.
Full textAbstract:
Quality of machine production is very close-knit with quality of metallurgical semi-products and with improvement their working properties. It can be achieved first of all by decrease of sulphur and non-metallic inclusions content in metal. Improvement of working properties provide remelted processes above an electro slag remelting (ESR). The slags play very important role by ESR process. By experiments steel with next chemical composition was used: C (0,9 – 1,1%), Mn (0,30 – 0,50%), Si (0,15 – 0,35%), Cr (1,30 – 1,65%), Ni (max.0,30%), Cu (max.0,25%), P (max.0,027%), S (max.0,030%). The steel was remelted under 8 types of slags on the base of CaO, Al2O3, CaF2 and SiO2 in different ratios. The contribution deals with influence of chemical composition of slag on mechanical properties and cleannes of metal after electro slag remelting. Variation of slag chemical composition enables to change chemical composition of remelted steel, to reduce the non-metallic inclusions and sulphur content and to improve the mechanical properties of steel.
4
Sjöqvist Persson, Ewa, Andrey Karasev, Alec Mitchell, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Origin of the Inclusions in Production-Scale Electrodes, ESR Ingots, and PESR Ingots in a Martensitic Stainless Steel." Metals 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121620.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the study was to define the origin of the inclusions in production-scale electro-slag remelting, (ESR) and electro-slag remelting under a protected pressure controlled atmosphere, (PESR), ingots. The inclusion characteristics in production samples were studied using both polished sample surfaces (two-dimensional (2-D) investigations) and inclusions extracted from steel samples by electrolytic extraction (three-dimensional (3-D) investigations) using SEM in combination with EDS. The results were compared to results from previously reported laboratory-, pilot-, and production-scale trials including electrode, remelted, and conventional ingots. The results show that primary, semi-secondary, and secondary inclusions exist in the remelted ingots. The most probable inclusion to survive from the electrode is a MgO-Al2O3 (spinel). It was also found that the ESR/PESR process slag acts in a similar way to a calcium treatment modification of alumina inclusions. On the whole, the most significant finding is that the overall cleanliness of the electrode including the inclusions in the electrode has an influence on the inclusion content of the ESR and PESR ingots.
5
Wang, Fei, Xi Chun Chen, and Han Jie Guo. "Influences of Adding Aluminum on Inclusions in H13 Steel through P–ESR." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.218.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing oxide inclusions’ number and size by aluminum deoxidization is an effective way for improving working life of high strength steel. For this purpose, during inert gas protection electro–slag remelting (P–ESR) process and H13 steel as electrodes, the deoxidizer being made of aluminum grains, iron powder and calcium fluoride powder mixture was added into slag pool with different addition rates. Results of experiment indicated that, by P–ESR remelting, oxygen content reduced from 0.0045 to 0.0010 with different aluminum addition rates. Based on the SEM and EDS analysis, inclusions transformed from CaO–MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 particles in electrode to pure Al2O3 particles, and number and size of particles modified obviously. Finally, action mechanism of the deoxidizer during P–ESR process was discussed by analysis results and thermodynamic calculation.
6
Moon, Jung Ho, and Tae Kwon Ha. "Characterization of High Speed Steel Billets Fabricated by Electro-Slag Rapid Remelting Method." Materials Science Forum 804 (October 2014): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.804.303.
Full textAbstract:
M2 steels, the typical Co-free high speed steel (HSS) possessing hardness level of 63~65 HRc, are most widely used for cutting tools. On the other hand, Co-containing HSS’s, such as M35 and M42, show a higher hardness level of 65~67 HRc and used for high quality cutting tools. In the fabrication of HSS’s, it is very important to control cleanliness and eutectic carbide structure of the ingot and it is required to increase productivity at the same time. Production of HSS ingots includes a variety of processes such as casting, electro-slag remelting (ESR), forging, blooming, and wire rod rolling processes. In the present study, electro-slag rapid remelting (ESRR) process, an advanced ESR process combined by continuous casting, was successfully employed to fabricate HSS billets of M2, M35, and M42 steels. Distribution and structure of eutectic carbides of the billets were analysed and cleanliness, hardness, and composition profile of the billets were also evaluated.
7
K.M Kelkar, J. Mok, S. V. Patankar, and A. Mitchell. "Computational modeling of electroslag remelting processes." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120048.
Full textAbstract:
Alloys used for the production of rotating components in aeroengines and land-based turbines are subject to stringent requirements to ensure absence of melt-related defects such as inclusions and segregation. Accordingly, the production of the superalloys alloys used in these applications involves multiple remelting stages, each of which plays a distinct role in ensuring that the final ingot is defect-free. Because of the complexity of these processes, high-temperature environments, and high initial and operating costs, trial-and-error based approaches for process design are inadequate. Computational modeling provides fundamental understanding of the physical phenomena and quantitative information about the effects of process parameters. Therefore, such models are very useful for design of new processes and optimization of existing processes. The paper describes a generalized framework for the modeling of the Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) process. The model accounts for electromagnetic, fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in a coupled manner for axisymmetric, steady-state conditions. A control-volume based computational method is used for the solution of the governing equations. The model incorporates a number of physically motivated computational features for efficient and accurate analysis of the transport processes. These include use of the effective viscosity approach for handling the liquid, mushy, and solid regions, implicit treatment of the interaction at the slag-metal interface, and contact heat transfer at the ingot-mold interface. Further, the computational method has been enhanced to address the AC electromagnetics in the ESR process. Thus, the model is able to predict the Joule heating within the slag, the distribution of the Lorentz force, the pool shape, and the motion in the slag and metal pools that arises due to buoyancy and Lorentz forces. The model is being validated using available experimental measurements for pool shape in full- scale ESR furnaces. Results of the model predictions for the flow, temperature, and electromagnetic fields are presented along with a comparison of the predicted and measured pool shapes.
8
Persson, Ewa Sjöqvist, Sofia Brorson, Alec Mitchell, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Impact of Solidification on Inclusion Morphology in ESR and PESR Remelted Martensitic Stainless Steel Ingots." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030408.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the impact of solidification on the inclusion morphologies in different sizes of production-scale electro-slag remelting (ESR) and electro-slag remelting under a protected pressure-controlled atmosphere, (PESR), ingots, in a common martensitic stainless steel grade. The investigation has been carried out to increase the knowledge of the solidification and change in inclusion morphologies during ESR and PESR remelting. In order to optimize process routes for different steel grades, it is important to define the advantages of different processes. A comparison is made between an electrode, ESR, and PESR ingots with different production-scale ingot sizes, from 400 mm square to 1050 mm in diameter. The electrode and two of the smallest ingots are from the same electrode charge. The samples are taken from both the electrode, ingots, and rolled/forged material. The solidification structure, dendrite arm spacing, chemical analyzes, and inclusion number on ingots and/or forged/rolled material are studied. The results show that the larger the ingot and the further towards the center of the ingot, the larger inclusions are found. As long as an ingot solidifies with a columnar dendritic structure (DS), the increase in inclusion number and size with ingot diameter is approximately linear. However, at the ingot size (1050 mm in diameter in this study) when the center of the ingot converts to solidification in the equiaxial mode (EQ), the increase in number and size of the inclusions is much higher. The transition between a dendritic and an equiaxial solidification in the center of the ingots in this steel grade takes place in the region between the ingot diameters of 800 and 1050 mm.
9
Kharicha, Abdellah, Wolfgang Schützenhöfer, Andreas Ludwig, and Gerhard Reiter. "Influence of the Slag/Pool Interface on the Solidification in an Electro-Slag Remelting Process." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.229.
Full textAbstract:
The Electro-Slag-Remelting (ESR) is an advanced technology for the production of components of e.g. high quality steels. In the present study a comprehensive computational model using the VOF technique for the prediction of the slag/pool interface is presented for axisymmetric and steady state conditions. In this model the distribution of the electric current is not constant in time, but is dynamically computed according to the evolution of the slag and steel phase distribution. The turbulent flow, created by the Lorentz and buoyancy forces, is computed by solving the time-averaged mass and momentum conservation equations. The turbulence effect is modelled by using a k-model. Two numerical simulations were performed, one assuming a flat interface, and a second leaving the interface free to find an equilibrium shape. The results are then analysed and compared for both cases.
10
Xu, Wen Yong, Zhou Li, Hua Yuan, Yue Wang, Na Liu, and Guo Qing Zhang. "Influence of Master Alloy on the Cleanliness of Spray Formed Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.421.
Full textAbstract:
Three kinds of master alloys, including scrap material, vacuum induction melting (VIM) ingot and electro slag remelting (ESR) ingot, were spray formed into different billets. The influence of master alloy on the cleanliness of spray formed superalloy was investigated by means of electron beam (EB) button melting and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), on the basis of optimized process of spray forming and EB button melting. The results show that the inclusions in spray formed preform are mainly composed of alumina and magnesia, stem from master alloy and some refractory materials in the process of remelting. The cleaner the master alloy, the lower level of inclusion contents of the billet. Among three kinds of master alloys, the ESR ingot exhibit the cleanest melt surface in the process of re-melting and contains much smaller inclusions in EB button. The cleanliness of spray formed billet is better than ingot stack for deposition. Superclean sprayforming billet with smaller size inclusions (<100μm) can be attained by the ESR ingots.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electro-Slag Remelting/ESR"
1
Nilsson, Hultén Leo. "Nitrogen Without Oxygen : The effect of ferroalloys added after vacuum treatment on cleanliness of nitrogen-alloyed tool steel." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298093.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrogen-alloyed tool steel is made at Uddeholms AB by adding high-nitrogen ferroalloy after vacuum degassing where introduced impurities are hard to remove. In this thesis two types of high-nitrogen ferrochromium are compared, a solid version and a powder cored wire. They are examined in crossection and 16 samples from four charges are examined with Pulse Distribution Analysis as well as systematic microscopy of polished cross sections. The PDA results missed smaller spinel inclusions shown in previous research to be detrimental. The wire form shows promise but more charges need to be evaluated before a conclusion is drawn.Kvävelegerat verktygsstål tillverkas hos Uddeholms AB genom tillsats av kväverika ferrolegeringar efter vakumavgasning, och orenheter som introduceras i detta steg är svåra att avskilja. I den har uppsatsen jämförs två typer av kväverikt ferrokrom varav en i form av stycken och en i form av tråd med pulverkärna. De undersöks i tvärsnitt och totalt 16 prov från fyra charger undersöks med PDA (pulsfördelningsanalys) och systematisk mikroskopering i tvärsnitt. Resultaten från PDA missade mindre inneslutningar av spinell vilka tidigare har visat sig problematiska. Trådformen verkar lovande men fler charger behöver undersökas för att kunna dra en definitiv slutsats.
Conference papers on the topic "Electro-Slag Remelting/ESR"
1
Yao, Jun, and Jinping Suo. "Effect of Melting Processing on Tensile Properties and Microstructure of New RAFM Steel." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29724.
Full textAbstract:
All of the RAFM steels only safely used under 550°C, that is not enough for the next reactor. An new RAFM steel was melted by non-vacuum induction melting (VIM) and electro-slag remelting (ESR), followed by hot-forging and rolling into rods and plates. In this paper, we investigated the effect of thermal ageing treatment on tensile properties of the rods and plates. The microstructure was studied by OM (optics micrograph) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that by using the same heat treatment process, the tensile strength of the samples was 680MPa, the total elongation was 31%, which were better than the CLAM steel whose tensile strength and total elongation were 668MPa and 25% respectively. The difference between the transverse and the longitudinal properties was reduced markedly. So the ESR played an important part in improving the mechanical properties.