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1
Shahi, R. V. "Power Sector Reform: Key to Economic Growth." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 7, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290300700101.
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Electricity Industry has worked for over 50 years with a set framework of organisation and regulation. The growth till 1990 witnessed a pattern of doubling the capacity in energy decade except in the decade of Nineties. The pace of expansion declined sharply in last ten years. The present status of the Power Sector is far from being satisfactory. Huge transmission and distribution losses coupled with totally improper tariff structure have led to substantial gaps between cost of supply and tariff and much more so between cost of supply and revenue. De-Politiciation of tariff formulation and proper regulation of utilities was considered to be one of the first few essential requirements to set things in order. The Ministry of Power, Government of India has taken a number of important initiatives in the recent past. The Electricity Bill 2001 is perhaps the most important initiative of the Ministry of Power. The steps that have been taken now to bring about reform and restructuring of tariff, removal of imbalances, elimination of gaps between cost of supply and revenue would strengthen the industry commercially and financially.
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David, Olatunji, Olabode. "An Assessment of the Determinants of Productivity in the Electricity Industry in Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 19 (July 31, 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n19p256.
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The study examined the productivity in the electricity industry in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to ascertain the determinants of productivity in the electricity sector. The research design adopted for the study was a longitudinal study of productivity in the electricity industry in Nigeria. The study considered time series data for a 20 year period from 1996 to 2015. Data on study variables were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletins, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) annual publications, and the websites of both Transparency International (TI) and Energy Information Administration (EIA). Based on the study objectives, the fully modified ordinary least square (FM-OLS) technique was used to estimate the multiple regressions between productivity and the explanatory variables. Data analyses were carried out using the software application of E- View 9.0. Results from the study showed that the total factor productivity which is an indication of efficiency in the electricity sector was 0.29. This is low when compared with international best practice of 0.80. Also, results from the study revealed that funding, weather condition, vandalism and labour supply have significant effect on productivity of the electricity industry in Nigeria. However, tariff structure and corruption were not statistically significant in the prediction of productivity in the electricity industry. The study recommended that increased budgetary allocations should be made available to the electricity industry to provide the needed improvements in the sector.
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Vasilyev, M. Yu. "Generation Structure, Prices, and Tariffs in the Russian Electric Power Industry in 2009-2018." Energy Systems Research, no. 2(14) (July 23, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.02.0002.
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The paper aims to summarize and analyze the statistical data on the generation structure and price behavior in the Russian electric power industry and, based on the analysis, make a statistical contribution to the discussion on the outcomes of the electricity reform in Russia. A brief review of this topic is provided. The study states that the electric power industry should be regarded as a combination of four sub-industries when regulation, market design, and industrial organization problems are discussed. These four sub-industries are generation, transmission, distribution, and sales because of different regulations applied to these businesses. The main trends in the retail price index and some other indexes in the four sub-industries are observed from 2009 to 2018. The trends in electricity consumption and generation structure are discussed as essential components of economic processes in the industry. The findings suggest that the four sub-industries make different contributions to the overall growth of the electricity supply costs for end consumers. Most growth was determined by regulated government-granted monopolies in network businesses (transmission and distribution companies). The sales business is represented in the research by suppliers of last resort.
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To, Long Seng, Kingdom Kwapata, Leonard Masala, Virginia Alonso Navarro, Simon Batchelor, Yacob Mulugetta, Andrew Barnett, and Stephen Karekezi. "Policy perspectives on expanding cogeneration from bagasse in Malawi." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 1 (March 23, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1420.
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Agro-industries have the potential to make a substantial contribution to sustainable energy supply in Africa, including energy access in rural areas. This paper focuses on the drivers and barriers to wider use of cogeneration from sugarcane bagasse in Malawi as there is a potential for the technology to enable access to electricity in rural areas. The paper gives an overview of the policy landscape for the energy sector and the sugar industry in Malawi. The research involved site visits, focus group discussions, and individual semi-structured interviews with participants from key government departments, businesses, research institutes and international agencies. It was found that energy sector reform, the proposed feed-in tariff for renewable energy, and risk are the key issues for investment in this area.Keywords: biomass, renewable energy, electricity
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Lisin, Evgeny, Galina Kurdiukova, Pavel Okley, and Veronika Chernova. "Efficient Methods of Market Pricing in Power Industry within the Context of System Integration of Renewable Energy Sources." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 3250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173250.
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Currently, the majority of world economies (even those located in the sunbelt (+/− 35 degrees of latitude with good sunshine with low seasonality) uses various types of fossil fuels as the main source of energy for their economies. However, this represents a very volatile and unsustainable strategy, since according to various estimates, the fossil fuel era will inevitably end as all carbon fuels are going to be spent in the next few centuries. Unlike traditional energy, renewable energy sources (RES) are not based on energy resources, but rather rely upon natural energy flows. With regard to its unique property, there has been an active construction of power plants of renewable energy and their gradual integration into national energy supply systems in recent decades. At the same time, the existing models of electricity markets were unprepared for their wide distribution. Hence, determination of the market value of energy generated by power plants using renewable energy sources becomes a particularly significant issue. This market value has to take into account the prevention of costs from the use of fossil fuels, as well as the resulting environmental benefits. Our paper proposes methods for solving this problem, contributing to the increase of economic efficiency of investment projects for the construction of renewable energy facilities and the formation of economic incentives for their propagation in energy supply systems. The proposed methods are based on the dynamic differentiation of tariffs for consumers with renewable energy sources depending on their structure of electricity consumption. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by calculating the cost of electricity for households located in the Krasnodar region using renewable energy sources. It is shown that this approach to the formation of tariffs for consumers allows the household to receive additional savings from the efficient use of energy installations on RES and energy storage devices in terms of alignment of the energy consumption schedule. This creates a significant incentive for households to use them and contributes to increasing the effectiveness of government renewable energy support programs, including by solving the acute problem of raising electricity tariffs from the grid.
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Grabchak, E. P., E. L. Loginov, and V. U. Chinaliev. "Digital transformation of Russia’s thermal power industry management system for optimization of consumers’ expenditures determined by tariffs and prices." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 13, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2020-13-2-84-90.
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The development and implementation of a strategy for organizational reconfiguration of a digital heat and power super system to streamline the processes of providing structured technological zones with heat makes the basis for creating a coordinated system for optimizing the tariff and price load on heat and electricity consumers in the Russian economy. Providing the industry with a mechanism for regulating the processes of rendering heat energy services based on the transition to the system of Unified Heat-Supply Organizations (ETOs) and ensuring a return on price trend investment in the heat market with the possibility of transferring departmental reporting and analytics to a single regulatory legal basis enables regulating the operation of the power system as a subsystem of the Russian energy sector with a common information technology platform. It is proposed to develop a methodology for constructing mathematical estimates of reliability indicators of provided heat and power services in the form of analytical relationships and simulation models, taking into account the complex nature of the operation of electric power transmission and heat transportation networks as well as information systems that provide processing, storage and distribution of digital data and documents. The key activities are: development of a methodology for constructing mathematical estimates of reliability indicators of provided heat and power services in the form of analytical relationships and simulation models; development of digital methods for detecting hazardous effects; development of algorithms for storing information in the presence of natural and artificial interference; development of digital methods for optimization, modernization and transformation of production chains and processes, control models and planning procedures to neutralize threats to the reliability of provided heat and power services. The result should be the creation of a computer-based information system for modeling impacts on the electric and heat grid facilities.
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Nafkha, Rafik, and Tomasz Woźniakowski. "HOUSEHOLDS ELECTRICITY USAGE ANALYSIS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHANGING TARIFF GROUP." Information System in Management 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/isim.2018.7.3.15.
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After the introduction of the Energy Law in 1997, many enterprises started to operate in the power industry, which is translated into the electricity prices competitiveness. The further household tariff extension with more expensive rates at peak times, and favorable lower rates during the night and off-peak hours, did not result significantly change among users belonging to the most generic household tariff G11 with a single electricity rate per KWh (Kilowatt hour) regardless time of use. The article analyzes the electricity purchase and supply costs of the largest households group belonging to G11 tariff and simulates the effectiveness of moving from existing tariff group to the offered competitive tariff according to electricity suppliers.
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Steiner, Faye. "Regulation, industry structure and performance in the electricity supply industry." OECD Economic Studies 2001, no. 1 (May 7, 2003): 143–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art5-en.
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Xie, Jiaping, Yu Xia, Ling Liang, Weisi Zhang, and Minghong Shi. "Pricing strategy for renewable energy source electricity in the competitive hybrid electricity market." Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 1071–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2017-0341.
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Purpose To promote the development of renewable energy, the Chinese Government adopts the policy of Feed-in Tariff and subsidy. However, the high purchase price and the intermittence limit the development of renewable energy source electricity (RES-E). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pricing strategy for system operators to stimulate the development of the RES-E industry under the scenario of uncertain supply and demand. Design/methodology/approach The authors establish a two-echelon supply chain investment model led by a power grid operator considering the uncertainties in both demand and supply, and study the impact of the power purchase price designed by a system operator using Stackelberg’s model. Findings There is an optimal capacity for RES-E generators, that is, independent of the market demand. Besides, the optimal order of grid operators is independent of the uncertain RES-E supply and the purchase price of fossil fuel. By properly setting the purchase prices, the system operator can stimulate the capacity investment in renewable energy. Finally, increasing the punishment in power shortage can stimulate the capacity investment in RES-E under certain conditions. Practical implications The result of this paper can mitigate the phenomenon of power abandonment in the RES-E industry and promote the grid integration of RES-E. Originality/value Both uncertain demand and supply are considered in this paper. A heuristic algorithm is provided to compute the optimal purchase price combination.
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Alyunov, Alexandr, Olga Vyatkina, Ivan Smirnov, Alexandr Nemirovskiy, and Elena Gracheva. "Assessment of efficiency of diesel generators use in distributed energy industry." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801086.
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The existing methods for calculation electricity tariffs for enterprises are analyzed numerically. The efficiency of diesel generators use for power supply was estimated using a real object as an example. A methodology has been developed for choosing the optimal price category, based on the schedule for consumption of electrical energy of a particular enterprise, taking into account introduction of its own generation in the 0.4 kV network. It is shown how to get the maximum benefit using one of the most affordable and autonomous power sources, taking into account the peculiarities of tariff setting for electricity.
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Kapika, Joseph, and Anton Eberhard. "Assessing regulatory performance: The case of the Namibian electricity supply industry." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 21, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2010/v21i4a3258.
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The power sector reforms that commenced in the 1990s led to the establishment of independent electricity regulators in more than twenty countries across Africa. The main purpose for these institutions was to create greater transparency in tariff setting and provide increased certainty for investors. At the same time regulators are charged with the protection of the interests of current and future consumers of electricity. During the initial stages of reform it was the expectation that the state owned incumbents that were traditionally vertically integrated would be unbundled and privatised. In practice there have been very few privatisations and what have emerged are hybrid markets where state-owned utilities remain dominant with independent power producers on the margin. In these markets regulation is a complex melting pot of incentivising the performance of state-owned utilities, attraction of private sector investment especially to fill gaps in generation capacity and making sensitive pricing decisions. Recognising that regulation is beginning to establish a track record, the African Electricity Regulator Peer Review and Learning Network, an initiative of the University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business provides an opportunity for high level learning through the assessment of regulatory performance. We detail an assessment of regulation in Namibia where we find prices transitioning to cost reflectivity but question the sustainability of current arrangements in the distribution of electricity and the country’s long-term generation adequacy.
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Al-Maghderi, Hamed S., and Bruce Ramsay. "Deregulation of Electricity Supply Industry in Oman." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol7iss1pp221-229.
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This paper examines the opportunities available and the conditions needed for the deregulation of the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI), with particular reference to the Sultanate of Oman. The paper highlights the general issues of regulation required to encourage competition in the ESI. After that, the discussion focuses on regulation methods in the privatized ESI by describing the regulators control through price caps setting for regulatees, the conduct regulation process, the rate of return regulation setting, and the spot market (the pool) contract. Finally, the prospects of restructuring and privatizing the ESI in the Sultanate of Oman are examined by reviewing the current structure of the industry and government objectives in deregulation of the electricity sector as well as the regulation framework.
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LOGATSKIY, Victor. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE TARIFF POLICY IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY TO ACHIEVE SECTORAL AND MACROECONOMIC BALANCES." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 3 (April 2, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.03.003.
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The problems of formation of tariff policy under conditions of transition to a new model of the electricity market in Ukraine and introduction of incentive pricing in the electric power industry are considered. The main shortcomings of the existing electricity market model are identified, as well as the institutional structure and functional interaction of market segments of a new market model based on free pricing for electricity as a commodity. The attention is paid to the fact that in order to achieve sectoral and macroeconomic balance, it is necessary to properly justify prices for electricity distribution services under conditions of transition to a new market model, since tariffs for these services will be further regulated by the state. It is determined that the main criteria for the formation of adequate tariffs in Ukraine should be as follows: the feasible financial burden for the vast majority of participants in the electricity market in order to ensure the balance of the market; sufficient financial resource to maintain the proper technical condition of the energy infrastructure. The main shortcomings of the existing regulatory framework for the introduction of the incentive pricing for the distribution of electricity in Ukraine and the reasons associated with delaying the application of the incentive pricing for these services in Ukraine are identified. The main constituent elements of the structure of incentive pricing are considered, which are incorporated in the economic-mathematical model with the purpose of scenario forecasting of financial and economic indicators of the electricity distribution sector. The author shows that the predictive tariff rates (obtained as a result of the simulation) for electricity distribution for various categories of consumers, as well as aggregated financial and economic indicators of electricity distribution companies, should be considered as sectoral benchmarks for decision-making at the level of the national energy regulator.
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Ngadiron, Zuraidah, N. H. Radzi, and Zaris Yassin. "Generation Revenue Assessment in Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.481.
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Restructuring of electricity supply industry had begun in early 20th centuries. Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry (MESI) has aimed to change its structure to a wholesale market model in 2005. Started in 1992, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) were introduced and since then MESI had applied the Single Buyer Model until today. Even though, the Single Buyer Model had passed several process of evolution, it still a form of imperfect competition in which there is only one buyer and many sellers of a product. Therefore, other alternatives of electricity market model for MESI have been proposed, in order to carry on the MESI previous plan towards restructuring. This paper discusses three electricity market models; Single Buyer Market Model, Pool Market Model and Hybrid Market Model. The case study is carried out to compare the three market models in term of generation revenue. Data from 14 IPP and load profiles in MESI is used for the case study and the result will be discussed.
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Ngadiron, Zuraidah, N. H. Radzi, Zaris Yassin, and Izzati Amin. "Review on Restructuring of Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.476.
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The global trend in electricity market has put pressure for Malaysia to restructure industry to be more reliable, transparent, efficient and sustainable. Besides, centralized power purchasing units that exist within a vertically-integrated entity have been criticized for failure to provide a truly playing field for the player in the generation sector competing to sell power to the single buyer. The Malaysian Electricity Supply Industry (MESI) has gone through various stages of reform and has evolved from predominantly single entity to a multiplayer industry particularly in the generation sector. This literature review covers the evolution of MESI from the introducing of the Independent Power Producers (IPPs), issues surrounding and implementation of single buyer which had continued until now. The MESI reformed a single buyer functional structure and framework is also included. However, this model does not offer transparent competition. Thus, other alternative electricity market model, pool/hybrid market model could be applied in order to carry on the MESI previous plan towards restructuring. The significance and relevance of the pool market model and its advantages in the Malaysian context is also discussed.
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Khan, Amir Jahan. "Structure and Regulation of the Electricity Networks in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 4II (December 1, 2014): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i4iipp.505-530.
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This paper studies the electricity industry network in Pakistan, particularly in the context of structural and regulatory reforms started in the 1990s. Published reports by the regulator show that the reforms process is not going anywhere even after two decades and the industry is performing poorly [NEPRA1 (2010)]. The market is not clearing as load demand is higher than total system supply, particularly during the summer season.2 There is no electricity, due to load shedding, for long hours in major parts of country served by the distribution networks during the hot and long summer period. An effort is made here to document the basic facts of industry in an orderly manner and to draw major lessons from the failure of the reforms process and poor functioning of the electricity market. The focus will be on the electricity supply chain networks and issues in the regulation of the electricity industry. The restructuring of the natural monopoly components of industry will be discussed in detail. The electricity industry in Pakistan is quite under researched [Pakistan (2013)], the main source of industry knowledge is based on government publications. According to available research [NEPRA (2011), Malik (2007)], the rich information provided in policy documents and regulatory reports has not been analysed in detail. Therefore, documenting basic industry facts and related issues in this paper is a contribution to the existing literature and will be useful for future policy reforms.
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Maphosa, Michael, and Patrick Mabuza. "The Trade-Offs Between Pro-Poor and Cost-Reflective Tariffs in South Africa: A Regulatory Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 6(J) (January 24, 2017): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i6(j).1494.
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Abstract: This paper presents arguments for and against cost reflectivity and pro-poor tariff policy in South African electricity supply from a regulatory perspective. This debate has been ongoing for decades in developing countries; however, there is still no clear direction on how countries should approach these two important competing policy positions. There are those that argue that achieving cost-reflective tariffs will attract private sector investment into the electricity supply industry (ESI) that will lead to much needed competition and reduced electricity tariffs. However, there are also those who argue that cost-reflective tariffs will make it difficult to achieve government social objectives of universal access through pro-poor tariffs, as cost-reflective tariffs will be unaffordable to the majority of the population. The fundamental question is what should come first, between cost-reflective tariffs and pro-poor tariffs in a developing country context, specifically in South Africa. This paper therefore attempts to examine the real trade-offs between pro-poor tariff policies and cost-reflective tariffs. The study attempts to answer one critical question: How can the electricity sector attract local and foreign investors, without necessarily affecting government social objectives such as universal access to electricity? The study finds that electricity consumers, and in particular poor households, have historically benefited from relatively cheap electricity and that tariffs have not been cost reflective. In other words, there is a mismatch between tariffs and the underlying costs of supplying electricity in South Africa. It also finds competing expectations between poor consumers and utilities. Consumers expect to receive electricity at an affordable price, while utilities argue that a good, reliable electricity supply’s tariffs must be matched with costs. Lastly, the study finds that it is difficult to achieve cost reflective tariffs in the short run, in an environment characterised by a high number of consumers dependent on government social grants and cross-subsidies. The study therefore recommends a gradual movement towards cost-reflective tariffs, together with the introduction of competition and energy efficiency and demand side management (EEDSM), in order to minimise the impact on the poor.Keywords: Tariffs, pro-poor, cost reflectivity, electricity, consumers
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Pelletier, Geneviève, and Ronald D. Townsend. "Optimization of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton's water supply system operations. I. Model development." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-040.
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The principal objective of this study was to optimize pump scheduling and reservoir releases in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton's (RMOC) water supply system with a view to reducing electricity-related operating costs. Pump schedules and reservoir releases for enhanced operation were obtained using a linear programming optimization model that incorporated Ottawa Hydro's electricity tariff structure for "large" users. A second objective was to investigate the impact on system operating costs of increasing (i) reservoir storage capacity, (ii) treatment plant capacity, and (iii) water demand by consumers. This paper (part I) describes the RMOC distribution system and reviews the model development. The next paper (part II) presents the analyses performed for the two study objectives, and important results. Key words: water supply system, pump scheduling, pumping costs, optimization, modelling.
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Tang, Lei, Jia Ye Li, Hai Tao Wang, and Lei Chen. "Study on Carbondioxide Emission Reduction and Energy Consumption Structure Adjustment Optimization Models." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2433.
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In modern society, “energy saving and emission reduction” has become a hot issue in scientific research nowadays. In this paper, the emission reduction of CO2 and adjustment scheme on energy consumption structure of the major industries are studied. We conclude that carbondioxide emission of every industry should be reduced. Among them, mining industry has to reduce up to 30.79%. From the adjustment scheme, it is clear that consumptions of electricity power should be controlled because of its low economic efficiency. And the energy consumption structure of transportation industry has higher energy consumption efficiency than other industries. What’s more, the energy consumption structure of water and electricity supply industry needs further adjustments.
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P. Dzyuba, Anatoly, and Irina A. Solovyeva. "Demand-side management mechanisms in industry." Journal of New Economy 21, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-3-9.
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Intensive development of technologies that increase energy efficiency makes the global and the Russian industry consider the introduction of demand-side management mechanisms. Though demand-side management technologies in Russia are at the early stages of introduc tion, existing mechanisms of electricity and natural gas supply allow consumers to reduce their costs and result in equalization of the demand for energy across the entire energy system. The research objective is to explore the energy tariffs in the wholesale and retail markets and mecha nisms for supplying natural gas by regional contractors as well as using the commodity exchange. The authors design mechanisms for industrial consumers to choose the most efficient options to pay for energy resources using the criterion of demand-side management. The research method ology includes the theory of industrial markets and a problem-oriented approach. The authors apply analysis, synthesis, system analysis, statistical methods. Yielded results of the research into programmes on demand-side management administered in different countries enable the authors to prove that the most efficient direction for demand-side management development in Russia is economic norm setting. Within this direction the authors develop algorithms and decision-making matrices for choosing the most efficient tariff option to buy electricity and natural gas by industrial consumers. The researchers evidence the possibility of implement ing demand-side management on energy markets of Russia and provide methodological and organisational support. The findings can be helpful for industrial enterprises and government agencies developing and running their energy efficiency improvement programs.
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Wang, Wei, Chen Zhang, and Wen Yan Liu. "Impact of Coal-Electricity Integration on Chinas Power Grid Development Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2600–2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2600.
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The supply and demand structure of Chinas coal market and electricity market is undergoing profound changes. To respond to the conflict between coal industry and power industry, coal-electricity integration has gained support from The State through relevant policies. The development of coal-electricity integration plays a vital role in balancing the energy industrial structure. This paper introduces the evolution of coal-electricity integration policy and discusses the existing pool model of Chinas coal-electricity integration. And this paper also makes an analysis of coal-electricity integrations impact on the development of power grid, providing recommendations for power enterprises facing the new situation of energy development.
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Vasko, P. F., and M. R. Ibragimova. "SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS AS A PART OF ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY AND ENERGY MARKET OF UKRAINE." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 25-30 (December 7, 2018): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.073-085.
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Globalization and sustainable development necessitate joint analysis of technological and environmental trends in energy development taking into account current economic and legal provisions. Based on synthesis of the current state of Ukrainian electric power system in general and hydropower in particular, there have been underscored the importance of comprehensive approach in identifying the key tasks of building the pathway of further electric power industry development. The authors provide the characteristics of today’s organizational and technological structure of the electric power system, including the legal provisions regulating its activity. As currently there are significant legislative changes, particular attention was paid to the review of electricity market. Features of the new liberalized electricity market have been determined in comparison with the current market, and also in connection with renewable energy characteristics. Thus, amendments introduced by the new Law “On electricity market” to the green tariff policy have been detailed with the regard to incentive mechanism for development of renewable energy and liability of electricity producers operating under Green Tariff for imbalances. The article focuses on the analysis of the state and growth potential of small hydropower. Еconomic incentives are systematized according to the current legislation. Also, here is presented the potential for possible growth of small hydropower, namely, quantitative result of the exploration of the technical potential of hydropower resources of small rivers. There have been identified a number of barriers and impediments to the construction of small HPPs. Environmental restrictions to the construction of small hydropower stations have been formulated according to the accurate analysis of various branches of national legislation such as the Land Code, the Water Code, the Law “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, etc., as well as valid ratified documents and other key soft-low instruments at the international level. Additionally, provisions of Сustoms and Tax legislation on small hydropower regarding to incentives for technology development have been defined. Consideration of small hydropower projects successfully implemented on the territory of the country confirms the possibility of the future development of small hydropower.
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Bonjec, Stefan, and Drago Papler. "The analysis of liberalisation of the electricity market in Slovenia." Managerial Economics 20, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/manage.2019.20.1.7.
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The purpose of this paper has been to investigate wholesale-to retail-sale electricity supply management in Slovenia. The rapid increase in electricity supply in Slovenia has been determinedby increasing industry, public and household electricity demands. The paper analyses structures and dynamics in wholesale-to-retail supply chain structures and management that are important for purchases of electrical energy by electricity distribution retailers. By using Lorenz’s curve and Gini’s coefficient of concentration, there is found to be a relatively high degree of concentration of wholesale electricity suppliers in the delivery of electrical energy to the retail electricity distribution enterprises. Whereas the number of the wholesale electricity suppliers has increased, the great majority of them hold with relatively small market shares vis-à-vis the large traditional wholesale electricity supplier. The electricity supply by smaller electricity producers is largely based on renewable sources of energy, which also depends on the weather conditions.The empirical evidence suggests that wholesale-to-retail electricity supply structures are shifting slowly from a monopoly market structure towards greater competition with the characteristicsof product differentiation and market segmentation. The regression analysis for the electricity price formation for the retail electricity distribution enterprise confirms the significance of thecosts for the purchased electricity, expenses for wages and for taxes. The multivariate factor analysis confirms the importance of recognition and business trust in the wholesale-to-retail-saleelectricity supply chain management.
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Blinov, I., E. Parus, and V. Miroshnyk. "ESTIMATION OF THE COST OF THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY FORECAST ERROR FOR THE "GREEN" TARIFF PRODUCERS BALANCE GROUP." Praci elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini Institutu 2020, no. 57 (December 2, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2020.57.026.
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The statistical analysis of the forecast error of the "day ahead" electricity supply volumes by the producers, which are included in the balancing group of the State Enterprise "Guaranteed Buyer”, was carried out. The distribution of forecast errors by hours of the day is determined. A simplified method for calculating the price and the total cost of the forecast error is described considering the various formulas for the cost of imbalances calculating. The potential for improving the accuracy of the forecast for increasing the permissible installed capacity of power plants with renewable energy sources with the technical means available in the power system to compensate for the power fluctuations is shown. Approbation of the methodology and calculation of quantitative indicators was carried out on real data of the total supply of renewable energy sources by producers, which were published by SE Energorynok. The calculations are of an estimate nature. Since the calculations are based on a “naive” assumption about the distribution of forecast errors, which depend on the structure of RES producers by types of primary energy carriers and specific meteorological conditions. References 11, figures 5, tables 2.
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Brych, Vasyl, Mykhaylo Fedirko, and Tetiana Artemchuk. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY COMPANY." Economic Analysis, no. 27(3) (2017): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.03.166.
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Introduction. Country's economic growth and innovative changes of the enterprises are interdependent processes, therefore, enterprises should pay constant attention to the development management issues on the basis of innovative measures.complex of issues that is connected to management of process development and innovative changes requires acceptance of strategic management solutions in the area of enterprises of natural monopolies to increase the efficiency of their activities. Purpose. Justify the necessity and direction of the transformation of enterprises of natural monopolies and develop measures and ensure their implementation in order to provide development and increase the competitiveness in conditions of market formation and effective activity in the long prospect. Method (methodology). The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists. Results. The Paper highlights transformation of enterprises of natural monopolies in the direction of improvement organizational, legal and economic grounds of ensuring the increase of the efficiency of production, transmission and supply of electricity. The set of characteristics are determined for the construction of the model of improvement of management through the components coordination of the triad system, the structure of the organization of separate enterprises is substantiated. The implementation of the transformation program of the efficiency increasing of separate organizations for the transmission of electric energy by local electric networks and their supply on the regulated tariff of energy supply companies is proposed. It should consist of a certain sequence of steps.
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Maphosa, Michael. "The User Pays's Principle and the Electricity Sector: A South African Case." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (November 3, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2497.
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This paper discusses the user pays's principle (UPP) within the South African developmental state concept. The essence of the paper is to ascertain whether UPP can be implemented in the electricity sector without necessarily harming the developmental state agenda taking into account the challenges of inequality, unemployment and poverty in South Africa. In this paper, we present the arguments in support of the UPP in the electricity supply industry (ESI) and its building blocks. The paper analyses the role of regulatory authority in the implementation and adoption of the UPP. Finally, the paper analyses the role of UPP in the developmental state concept and the challenges of implementing it. The analysis shows that adoption of inclining block tariff (IBTs) was based on the individual's perceived ability to pay and not on UPP while the free basic electricity (FBE) policy is a government-funded initiative meant to provide electricity to poor households. The paper also found that the ESI currently has high levels of inefficiencies in production and use, procurement and operation of utilities, cross-subsidisation, infrastructure and maintenance backlogs which may hinder the full implementation of UPP. Lastly, although the full implementation of UPP could incentivise efficient operation of the ESI and attract the much-needed investment in the sector, the UPP system will pose serious challenges considering the country’s three main problems: inequality, unemployment and poverty.
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Bondarenko, Svіtlana, Iryna Perevozova, and Tetiana Maksimenko. "Implementation of innovative projects using renewable energy sources in the fields of “future economy”." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.3.13.
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The aim of the article is to study the implementation of innovative projects for the use of renewable energy sources in the “economy of the future”. According to the concept of “green" energy transition, the following areas of "economy of the future" are identified: energy efficient industry, buildings, heat energy; electric transport; circulating economy, waste reduction; support for research and innovation on electricity storage, production and storage of green hydrogen; digitalization and technological changes; renewable energy sources – wind, solar, bioenergy. It is proved that renewable energy sources can meet 80% growth in electricity demand over the next 10 years. By 2025, renewable energy sources will displace coal as the main means of electricity generation. If states adopt more aggressive policies, the role of renewable energy will be even more active in the next five years. It is proved that it is important to create an appropriate market environment to attract large-scale private investment in innovative renewable energy projects. After all, without sufficient investment, networks will be a weak link in the transformation of the electricity sector, which will affect the reliability and security of electricity supply. The transition to renewable energy sources in the general energy supply, including transport and heating, is most active in large cities. To transition the city to the “green” energy, the issues of attracting investment, changing consumer behavior, integration of electricity with heat supply and transport, the state of existing energy infrastructure (electricity, gas, heating networks), distribution of energy consumption between sectors (buildings, mobility) and players in supply (large energy companies, enterprises, cooperatives).
The research of the basic tendencies of realization of projects of use of renewable energy sources in Ukraine is carried out. To ensure competitive conditions for the production of electricity from alternative energy sources, the introduction of incentive mechanisms and the installation of capacities for the accumulation of electricity at power plants is envisaged. Financial support for renewable energy at the state level is provided in two areas: tax benefits and credit support. Among the tax benefits and mechanisms in world practice are the following: investment tax credit; production tax credit; mechanism of partial or full compensation of interest for the use of loans by industrial companies and individual farms for the installation of energy storage systems; mechanism for exemption from taxation of imported equipment for energy storage systems, etc. However, Ukraine has not yet taken sufficient legislative and diplomatic steps to do so. Important are the problems of balancing the network, defaults and debts to market participants, the restructuring of the “green” tariff.
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Costa, Bruno. "ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA VIABILIDADE DE ADESÃO DA TARIFA BRANCA PARA SUBGRUPOS DE CONSUMIDORES B1, B2 E B3 DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA." Multi-Science Research 03, no. 01 (August 1, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47621/m-sr.2020.v.3.n.1.40.031.
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In many parts of the world, the concerns with the supply of electricity and the consequences regarding environmental issues related with greenhouse gas emissions have arouse the adoption of governmental policies which encourage a foreseen increase of renewable energy sources. As a result, renewable energy sources have shown a fast growth in production of electricity, by 2,8% a year between 2010 and 2040. After the renewable generation, Natural Gas and Nuclear Energy will be sources of fast growth. Once electric systems are always subject to possible contingents, it is of pivotal importance that they are capable of operating in a way of providing the highest reliability level desired by consumers of electricity. Within this context, the aim of this work is to present the regulatory structure and accession technical to the white fare. Bibliographic research and case study techniques were used to simulate consumer load curves classified in group B, subgroup B1, B2 and B3 with the exception of the low income and SMC category. The research establishes the comparison of white fare and conventional tariffs, seeking to situate the feasibility of choosing the current tariffs. Finally, the work presents the energy consumption behavior of each subgroup of group B, the consumer modulation capacity and the application of the tariff to residential and commercial consumers, in order to get the economic comparative analyzes already exposed. In a more in-depth analysis of the results, it appears that if consumers practiced really effective load modulation, only the discounts offered are not enough to choose their daily routine. Keywords – Tariff Flags. Energy consumption. Energy efficiency.
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Trypolska, Galyna. "PROSPECTS FOR STATE SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOMETHANE INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE UNTIL 2040." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.02.128.
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The paper considers the prospects for the state support for the development of biomethane industry in Ukraine from 2025 to 2040. The main financial incentives for the use of biomass-derived energy are a special tariff for heat from sources other than natural gas, and a feed-in tariff (the auction price in the future). In the EU, biomethane production is gaining ground due to available financial incentives (premiums to the cost of natural gas, and premiums to feed-in tariff). The main obstacle to the large-scale spread of biogas (and, accordingly, biomethane) is the high cost of equipment. The amounts of state support for biogas production with its purification to biomethane and supply of the latter to the gas transmission and gas distribution networks under the conditions of biomethane production in the amounts provided by the draft Roadmap for Bioenergy Development in Ukraine until 2050 were assessed. While maintaining the price of natural gas at the level of prices of 2021 (EUR 0.24/m3), the need to subsidize biomethane production from 2025 to 2040 can reach EUR 0.263-3.5 billion, on average EUR 16.5-217 million per year. Infrastructure expenditures were not taken into account in the assessment. The possibility of electricity output from biomethane was not considered, as biogas refining to the quality of biomethane requires additional funds. The statutory auction price may be sufficient only for certain types of feedstock and for large biogas plants. The use of biomethane may be appropriate in the transport sector, as biomethane is an "advanced biofuel", and Ukraine already has a relatively extensive network of methane filling stations. Biomethane production in Ukraine will require state support, particularly in the form of direct subsidies to biomethane producers (in the form of premium to the price of natural gas), and in the form of a premium to the auction price. The use of biomethane will partially reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, being also an important element in the decarbonization of sectors using natural gas, replacing up to 0.76 billion m3 of the latter in 2040, which is in line with the global leading decarbonization trends.
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Chen, Shih-Hsin, Yeong-Cheng Liou, Yi-Hui Chen, and Kun-Ching Wang. "Order Acceptance and Scheduling Problem with Carbon Emission Reduction and Electricity Tariffs on a Single Machine." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 30, 2019): 5432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195432.
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Order acceptance and scheduling (OAS) problems are realistic for enterprises. They have to select the appropriate orders according to their capacity limitations and profit consideration, and then complete these orders by their due dates or no later than their deadlines. OAS problems have attracted significant attention in supply chain management. However, there is an issue that has not been studied well. To our best knowledge, no prior research examines the carbon emission cost and the time-of-use electricity cost in the OAS problems. The carbon emission during the on-peak hours is lower than the one in mid-peak and off-peak hours. However, the electricity cost during the on-peak hours is higher than the one during mid-peak and off-peak hours when time-of-use electricity (TOU) tariff is used. There is a trade-off between sustainable scheduling and the electricity cost. To calculate the objective value, a carbon tax and carbon dioxide emission factor are included when we evaluate the carbon emission cost. The objective function is to maximize the total revenue of the accepted orders and then subtract the carbon emission cost and the electricity cost under different time intervals on a single machine with sequence-dependent setup times and release date. This research proposes a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) and a relaxation method of MILP model to solve this problem. It is of importance because the OAS problems are practical in industry. This paper could attract the attention of academic researchers as well as the practitioners.
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Petrova, Irina, Viktoriya Zaripova, Tatiana Zolina, and Yuliya Lezhnina. "Digitalization of business processes of energy supply in a smart city." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020802005.
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The key role in the energy supply efficiency of smart cities is played by the electric power industry. The article provides an overview of the challenges of the electricity market in Europe and Russia and its main trends and directions. Changes in the organizational structure of the market, the role and tasks of each body managing the selected area of activity in the energy market are determined. Particular attention is paid to new opportunities provided to end-users of electricity in the smart cities. The article deals with the use of renewable sources and energy storages in accordance with new strategic programs in the EU and Russia. The research results and forecasts for the development of the electricity market and the use of different primary energy sources are shown. The main areas of development of the electricity market in the European Union and Russia are identified.The conclusion is drawn on the need to develop information systems that meet market changes and the business functions of such systems are determined.
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Pleshkov, Alexey, Aleksey Kopylov, and Petr Ulyankin. "The cost load regulation and management of electrical energy by directions of impact on the components of total price." E3S Web of Conferences 295 (2021): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129502001.
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The issues of optimizing regional pricing are especially acute for the Kaliningrad Region due to its exclave features. At the same time, the cost of energy resources has become one of the main issues in making managerial decisions. Recently, the so-called Technoparks have become one of the new forms of organizing the production process in a certain branch of industry, or a process that is at the junction of several branches. There are a variety of descriptions of the indisputable advantages of this work format for a specific technological process, however, the possibilities in the field of reducing the costs of consumed energy resources that arise with such a local siting of production are not discussed that often. According to the authors of the article, based on the structure of the tariff, it is possible to classify methods of reducing the cost price by the impact on the components of the final cost of energy supply services. It should be noted that the classification sign of saving methods will be precisely the component of the tariff, while the methods themselves can be aimed both at reducing the price expression of each component of the tariff and at the volume of services for this component. The authors have also identified regional features of the pricing processes in the energy industry.
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Lee, Juyong, Youngsang Cho, Yoonmo Koo, and Chansoo Park. "Effects of Market Reform on Facility Investment in Electric Power Industry: Panel Data Analysis of 27 Countries." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 3235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093235.
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In this study, we analyzed the effects of electricity market reform on investment in generation facilities. We used the data of 27 OECD member countries and considered ownership structure, horizontal and vertical unbundling, change of transaction method, and government regulation as explanatory variables for market reform. We used four regression models, in which we examined the effects of market reform on the capacity of generation facilities, supply reserve ratio, total investment, and base-load share, respectively. For each panel regression model, we performed a Hausman test to identify the model between random effect and fixed effect. Based on the estimation results, we found that electricity market reform has a negative effect on generation facilities in most countries. Both privatization and regulation have negative impacts on the generation facility and base-load share. On the other hand, the level of liberalization of transactions have positive effects on the generation facility, supply reserve ratio, and base-load share. The empirical analysis also showed that horizontal unbundling does not have a meaningful effect on investment, but vertical unbundling contributes to increasing the supply reserve ratio.
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Kumar, Narinder, and Ashwani Kumar. "Economic assessment of non-sinusoidal energy in distorted distribution systems." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2017-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze annual energy expenditure in the presence of non-linear load and substation voltage harmonics in distribution systems. Economic assessment of non-sinusoidal energy is a challenging task that involves complex computations of harmonic load powers and harmonic line losses. Design/methodology/approach The paper evaluates fundamental and non-sinusoidal components of electrical energy by applying backward/forward sweep technique in distorted distribution systems. This work involves harmonic power computations at the substation by including harmonic losses occurring in various lines of the distribution system. Findings The paper found that annual energy expenditure significantly depends upon the non-linear load, supply voltage harmonics and type of tariff structure considered in the distribution system. Impact of individual harmonic orders on the energy billing is also assessed. Originality/value The paper concludes that considering harmonic distortions in the distribution system analysis would help electricity regulators formulate adequate pricing structures, which would further generate appropriate economic signals for electricity utility and the consumers.
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Liu, Jing-yu, and Jiu-ju Cai. "An Optimization Model Based on Electric Power Generation in Steel Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/924960.
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Electric power is an important energy in steel industry. Electricity accounts for roughly 20% to 30% of the gross energy consumption and costs about 10% of the gross cost of energy. In this paper, under the premise of ensuring the stability of energy supply and the normal production safety, the mathematical programming method and the dynamic mathematical optimization model were used to set up the surplus gas in the optimal allocation among the buffer users and steam production dispatching for the production equipment. The application of this optimization model can effectively improve the energy efficiency and the accuracy of power generation, making full use of secondary energy and residual heat. It also can realize the rationalization of the electricity production structure optimization which can effectively reduce the flare of the gas and steam on one hand, and save energy and decrease production cost on the other.
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Abdul Aziz, M. A., Nofri Yenita Dahlan, and S. M. Shokri. "Competitive Bidding Exercise for the First Track Gas-Fired Power Plant in Prai Malaysia; Revenue Assessment for a New Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.484.
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Competitive bidding exercise for a new power generation has been introduced in 2011 to bring Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry (MESI) into competitive electricity market. The competitive bidding process is an auction based mechanism organized by Energy Commission (EC) Malaysia. EC has successfully completed two auctions; 1) international competitive bidding exercise (Track 1) for a new capacity in Prai Penang, Malaysia and 2) restricted tender (Track 2) for the renewal of operating licenses of the first generation Independent Power Producer (IPP) and Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) power plants. The Track 1 has won by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) for a 1,071 MW CCGT power plant, at a levelised tariff of 34.7 sen/kWh. On the other hand Track 2 has been awarded to Genting Sanyen Power and Segari Energy Ventures for another 10 years extension and TNB Pasir Gudang for another 5 years extension. This paper discusses the competitive bidding exercise implemented in Malaysia for new power plants. It also evaluates the revenues of TNB from the Track 1 bidding exercise. Sensitivity analysis is performed to study the impact of uncertainty in the fuel price, capacity rate financial and fixed and variable operating rate on the revenue of the plant. Result shows that the changes in the fuel price are the largest source of uncertainty for business investment in power plant and biggest variable in determining levelised.
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Azimifard, Arezoo, Seyed Hamed Moosavirad, and Shahram Ariafar. "Designing steel supply chain and assessing the embedded CO2 emission based on the input-output table by using DEMATEL method." Management Decision 56, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 757–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2017-0478.
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Purpose Nowadays, green supply chain (SC) management acts as an important strategic issue for the manufacturers. The effective SC design requires the development of analytical models and design tools. Because of the key role of steel in the infrastructure of industries, this metal is called the development metal. Despite the importance of this industry and its economic and environmental impacts through its SC, the SC structure of this industry has been less studied at the macro level. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to design the structure of a steel industry SC at three levels; and second, to find the most effective and efficient carbon dioxide emitted industry among the supplier industries of the steel industry SC in China as a case study. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, due to the relationships among different industries, DEMATEL as a multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. Findings A SC structure for the steel industry has been designed at three levels. The results indicated that the industries that had the highest relationship with the steel industry are mine industry, electricity, water, and gas industry, and optical and electrical equipment industry, which were recognized as the first-level suppliers for the steel industry. On the other hand, considering the relationship among the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of various industries in China as a case study, it can be said that among the steel suppliers, the most important polluting industries, respectively, are mining industry, electricity, water, and gas industry, optical and electrical equipment industry, machinery industry, chemicals and chemical products industry and coke, refined petroleum and nuclear fuel industry. Practical implications The developed SC can help in providing the steel industries’ managers a basic model for their supplier selection problem at the macro level. This paper can also help the industrial managers to understand the causal relationships among the suppliers of their industries. Finally, this paper can help government and industries managers to discover the most polluted industrial suppliers in the steel industry. Originality/value The novelty of this study belongs to the usage of DEMATEL method based on the input-output table to discover the relationships among the industries as well as identifying the main raw material suppliers of the steel industry at three levels. Furthermore, this research discovers the relationships among the embedded carbon dioxide emission of various industries in steel SC to determine the most important polluting industries in steel SC.
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Kulikov, Aleksandr, Aleksey Loskutov, Andrey Kurkin, Andrey Dar’enkov, Andrey Kozelkov, Valery Vanyaev, Andrey Shahov, et al. "Development and Operation Modes of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generation System for Remote Consumers’ Power Supply." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169355.
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At the present stage of electric power industry development, special attention is being paid to the development and research of new efficient energy sources. The use of hydrogen fuel cells is promising for remote autonomous power supply systems. The authors of the paper have developed the structure and determined the optimal composition of a hybrid generation system based on hydrogen fuel cells and battery storage and have conducted studies of its operating modes and for remote consumers’ power supply efficiency. A simulation of the electromagnetic processes was carried out to check the operability of the proposed hybrid generation system structure. The simulation results confirmed the operability of the structure under consideration, the calculation of its parameters reliability and the high quality of the output voltage. The electricity cost of a hybrid generation system was estimated according to the LCOE (levelized cost of energy) indicator, its value being 1.17 USD/kWh. The factors influencing the electricity cost of a hydrogen generation system have been determined and ways for reducing its cost identified.
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Gao, Bao, Ze Qiang Fu, Peng Shen, Na Wu, Yuan Yuan Xie, and Lin Zi Li. "Analysis and Optimization of Industrial Structure Based on the Relative Efficiency Index." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2261.
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Based on the theory and method of eco-efficiency, the relative efficiency index (Ri) was constructed in the paper. According to the range of the relative efficiency index, the industrial sectors can be divided into four categories. When Ri≥R+0.5δ , the industry should be encouraged. When R≤Ri<R+0.5δ, the industry should be optimized and updated. When R-0.5δ≤Ri<R, the industry should be transformed and elevated. When Ri<R-0.5δ, the industry should be restricted, even eliminated. Jiaxing City in Zhejiang Province was selected to be the typical base for further analysis. The results showed that from the perspective of saving water and energy, six important industries, including Paper and paper products, Textile, Beverage Manufacturing, Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, should be restricted, even eliminated. From the perspective of water pollution control, twelve industries, such as Paper and paper products, Textile, Chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing industry should be restricted, even eliminated. From the perspective of air pollution control, four industries, including Paper and paper products, Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, Electricity, heat production and supply, Non-metallic mineral products industry should be restricted, even eliminated. Besides, the Paper and paper products, the Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry theoretically were the highlight of the industries which should be restricted, even eliminated.
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Galperova, Elena, and Vasiliy Galperov. "A Methodological Approach to the Assessment of the Impact of Digital Technologies Development in Energy Industry on Electricity Price and Demand in a Region." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020906006.
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The relevance of this study is due to the importance of assessing the prospective dynamics and structure of demand for energy carriers when developing and making strategic decisions in the field of energy and economic security of the country and its regions. The advance of digital technology redefines the properties of electric power supply systems, erases the boundary between electric power producers and consumers, and impacts the formation of electricity price and demand in the region. This study presents a method of electricity costing in the regional power system, which serves as an integral part of the approach to assessing the impact of intelligent systems development on the demand for electricity in the region. The approach is unique in that it simulates the behavior of electricity consumers and producers of various types as they pursue their own interests and assesses the impact of this behavior on the demand and price of electricity in the regional power system. Determining the cost of electricity in the system is based on the consistent alignment of the required amount of electricity consumption with the capabilities of producers seeking to achieve their best economic performance. Each producer is described as an optimization model, which is a standalone agent in a multi-agent power system model.
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ARKHANGELSKII, Yurii. "ON THE KEY CURRENT PROBLEMS OF UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.04.082.
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Actual economic issues of current Ukraine’s economy are considered, namely: on subsidies to producers, budget deficit, custom duties, pricing, especially in the energy sector, ecology, and the achievements of structural adjustment. Dynamics of subsidies to manufacturers and subsidies’ distribution by industries is studied, and the formula for non-provision of subsidies to manufacturers is determined. In line with this, subsidies should not be provided to enterprises when the selling price of their products is lower than material costs (plus depreciation). Particular attention is paid to pricing issues in the power industry: application of uniform wholesale prices for purchased electricity from its manufacturers is justified. With the introduction of a uniform price, the rent for the hydro and nuclear power plants should be introduced and sent to the budget. The expediency of applying sharply increased tariffs for the “green” electricity is considered. The approach to the ecology should be balanced. It is hardly justified that the wholesale “green” tariff is almost 10 times higher than the similar tariff for hydroelectric power plants. The expediency of the transition to a deficit-free budget is shown. It is necessary to leave from the deficit budget; for doing this the author proposes to establish progressive rates of taxation of personal income (up to 50%, as in the EU). A brief analysis of the results of the restructuring of Ukraine’s economy, since 1992, is carried out and concluded that it is ineffective. It is necessary to strengthen the role of the state in coordinating the work of enterprises through the central ministries and departments headed by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, which should again be transformed into a renewed Gosplan (State Planning Committee). Given the theoretical inconsistency of the thesis that a monopoly can raise the price without following the law of supply and demand, it is advisable to eliminate the Anti-Monopoly Committee of Ukraine and the National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission of Ukraine, which are similar to the former State Price Committee in the Ukrainian SSR and determine the price for all – including the monopolists.
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Song, Xinfu, Gang Liang, Changzu Li, and Weiwei Chen. "Electricity Consumption Prediction for Xinjiang Electric Energy Replacement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (March 20, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3262591.
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In recent years, the phenomenon of wind and solar energy abandoned in Xinjiang’s new energy has become severe, the contradiction between the supply and demand of the power grid is obvious, and the proportion of power in the energy consumption structure is relatively low, thus hindering the development of Xinjiang’s green power. In this context, the focus of Xinjiang’s power has shifted to promote the development of electric energy replacement. Therefore, using the Xinjiang region as an example, we first select the important indicators such as the terminal energy substitution in Xinjiang, added value of the secondary industry, population, terminal power consumption intensity, and per capita disposable income. Subsequently, eight combined forecasting models based on the grey model (GM), multiple linear regression (MLR), and error back propagation neural network (BP) are constructed to predict and analyse the electricity consumption of the whole society in Xinjiang. The results indicate the optimal weighted combination forecasting model, GM-MLR-BP of the induced ordered weighted harmonic averaging operator (IOWHA operator), exhibits better prediction accuracy, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is proven.
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Volotkovskaya, N. S., A. S. Semenov, Y. V. Bebikhov, V. A. Shevchuk, and O. V. Fedorov. "Prospects for the development of the energy complex of the North-East of Russia." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-73-84.
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THE PURPOSE. To analyze scenarios for the development of the energy complex of one of the regions of the North-East of Russia for the period up to 2030 with a target vision until 2050. This will require an analysis of the current state of the energy complex; show the latest changes in the power supply system; propose promising areas for the transfer of electricity. METHODS. To assess the current state of the electric power industry, from the point of view of the most efficient use of natural energy resources and the potential of the energy sector of the economy, methods of collecting and processing statistical data were applied. For the technical assessment of the state of electric power facilities, analytical and logical- probabilistic methods for determining reliability were applied. To predict energy consumption, mathematical modeling methods were used with the construction of approximating polynomials. RESULTS. The article evaluates the strategic and moderate scenarios for the development of the energy sector of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in modern conditions, taking into account the increase in the energy efficiency of the region's economy. The indicators of electricity consumption throughout the republic, the Western Energy District and the decentralized power supply zone were subject to assessment. Long-term forecasts made do not confirm the development of events according to a more stringent strategic scenario. At the same time, the results for the moderate scenario are fully correlated with both the current state of the energy sector and the prospects for its development. CONCLUSION. Analysis of the current state and assessment of scenarios for the development of the energy sector of the republic's economy showed an increase in the reliability of power supply systems when organizing a "ring" in the Western Energy District; increase in useful electricity consumption by 2030; increase in electricity production; changes in the structure of electricity production.
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Volotkovskaya, N. S., A. S. Semenov, Y. V. Bebikhov, V. A. Shevchuk, and O. V. Fedorov. "Prospects for the development of the energy complex of the North-East of Russia." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-58-69.
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THE PURPOSE. To analyze scenarios for the development of the energy complex of one of the regions of the North-East of Russia for the period up to 2030 with a target vision until 2050. This will require an analysis of the current state of the energy complex; show the latest changes in the power supply system; propose promising areas for the transfer of electricity. METHODS. To assess the current state of the electric power industry, from the point of view of the most efficient use of natural energy resources and the potential of the energy sector of the economy, methods of collecting and processing statistical data were applied. For the technical assessment of the state of electric power facilities, analytical and logical- probabilistic methods for determining reliability were applied. To predict energy consumption, mathematical modeling methods were used with the construction of approximating polynomials. RESULTS. The article evaluates the strategic and moderate scenarios for the development of the energy sector of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in modern conditions, taking into account the increase in the energy efficiency of the region's economy. The indicators of electricity consumption throughout the republic, the Western Energy District and the decentralized power supply zone were subject to assessment. Long-term forecasts made do not confirm the development of events according to a more stringent strategic scenario. At the same time, the results for the moderate scenario are fully correlated with both the current state of the energy sector and the prospects for its development. CONCLUSION. Analysis of the current state and assessment of scenarios for the development of the energy sector of the republic's economy showed an increase in the reliability of power supply systems when organizing a "ring" in the Western Energy District; increase in useful electricity consumption by 2030; increase in electricity production; changes in the structure of electricity production.
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Bardt, Hubertus. "Potential Consequences of the Energiewende for the Manufacturing Sector in Germany." International Journal of Management and Economics 48, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0032.
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Abstract2 The abandonment of nuclear power and new focus on renewable energy sources represents a fundamental change in the structure of Germany’s electricity supply. In the wake of this change in energy policy (which is widely referred to as an energy turnaround), prices started to rise immediately and further increases are to be expected in the years ahead. For the manufacturing sector, this cost burden has been mitigated by exempting energy-intensive sectors from additional costs. However, this causes high levels of uncertainty for large electricity consumers as their current exceptional status may be called into question at some point in the future. Moreover, the price and cost effects of the German energy policy are not only restricted to energy-intensive enterprises. The metal production, parts of the chemical industry and other industries closely linked to electricity consumers in a complex value chain face higher price and cost risks, as do large segments of the manufacturing sector, which work closely with energy-intensive companies. These dense networks are critical in the joint development of innovations, one of the German industry’s main competitive advantages. This strength of the German economy may turn into a risk if the future of electricity-intensive industries is hampered by rising national energy prices. A potential relocation of energy-intensive companies to other countries would also weaken the competitiveness of other areas of German industry. Such risks need to be compared with new market opportunities provided by the energy turnaround. The industry seeks those opportunities especially in renewable energies and techniques for improving energy efficiency.
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Hessling, Matthias. "Coal Supply Competition in Germany to the Year 2000." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 4 (August 1995): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300403.
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Coal is the only significant domestic energy source in Germany. Surface mining of browncoal and its utilization for power generation is economic, while the domestic hard coal industry is maintained for reasons of security of supply despite high costs of the underground operations. Over past decades, however, the size of the industry has been declining sharply. Long-term energy-political agreements guarantee sales of subsidised hard coal to the electricity and steel sectors up to 2005, but on a smaller scale than today. Brown coal use in eastern Germany is also set to decline further from its present level for structural and environmental reasons, while the use of brown coal in western Germany will remain constant. Hard coal imports, on the other hand, are likely to rise. The background of these developments is described in detail, as is the German coal policy. Coal supply is forecast up to the year 2000. The current energy supply structure in Germany as well as its future development are determined by a number of conditions, three of which will be discussed here as relevant to the topic of this paper. A more specific analysis of the hard coal industry, its development and political setting will be presented, followed by a forecast of the coal supply in 2000. The three basic conditions are as follows: Germany is, apart from coal, a country poor in energy resources. German energy policy is based on a balance of three major goals: security of energy supply, environmentally acceptable energy supply and energy supply at low cost. Unification of the two parts of Germany is being followed by a structural change of energy supply and this will continue.
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Tao, Feng, Ling Li, and X. H. Xia. "Industry Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity Growth under Resources and Environmental Constraint in China." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/310407.
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The growth of China's industry has been seriously depending on energy and environment. This paper attempts to apply the directional distance function and the Luenberger productivity index to measure the environmental efficiency, environmental total factor productivity, and its components at the level of subindustry in China over the period from 1999 to 2009 while considering energy consumption and emission of pollutants. This paper also empirically examines the determinants of efficiency and productivity change. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, the main sources of environmental inefficiency of China's industry are the inefficiency of gross industrial output value, the excessive energy consumption, and pollutant emissions. Secondly, the highest growth rate of environmental total factor productivity among the three industrial categories is manufacturing, followed by mining, and production and supply of electricity, gas, and water. Thirdly, foreign direct investment, capital-labor ratio, ownership structure, energy consumption structure, and environmental regulation have varying degrees of effects on the environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity.
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Zhilkina, Yuliya V. "The Role of Vertically Integrated Structures in Industry Markets." Vestnik MEI 1, no. 1 (2021): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-1-95-99.
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The electric power industry is a basic sector of Russia's economy that creates necessary conditions for the activity of productive forces and life of the population. The results of electric power industry reorganization in our country are rather ambiguous. The structural changes were carried without taking the vertical integration principles in consideration, which had a significant impact on the pricing policy and investment programs. The results of studying the current state of the sector in the Russian Federation are presented, and recommendations on solving the existing problems based on the vertical integration principles are given. It is pointed out that vertically integrated companies that manage generation, distribution, transmission, and sales do not come in contradiction with the market conditions and, what is more, guarantee the power supply reliability. The relevance of this problem is stemming from the fact that the prices for electricity have a significant influence on the country economy as a whole. Under the currently existing conditions of the rapidly changing world policy, it is especially important to use vertical integration for gaining the maximum efficiency. Thus, these principles are the basis for creating an optimal market structure.
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Drebot, O., O. Bendasyuk, M. Vysochanska, and A. Schavinska. "Conceptual aspects of improving the energy efficiency of agricultural complex in conditions of sustainable development." Agroecological journal, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2021.227257.
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The article identifies and analyzes the relevance of the formation of new energy opportunities for the agro-industrial complex (AIC), which will stabilize energy consumption. Theoretical and methodological bases of organizational and economic aspects of realization of bioenergy potential of agrarian sector of economy are analyzed and investigated. Possibilities of biofuel and energy production, possibility of using different types of local energy sources for energy supply are estimated. The problem in the field of regulation and development of the fuel and energy complex and the inconsistency of transformation measures in the energy sector with the methods of reforming the energy industry, agriculture, services and utilities of Ukraine are analyzed. The state, tendencies and strategy of energy complex development are analyzed; the forecast estimation of energy possibility of introduction of new stages of application of renewable energy sources in agriculture is executed. The analysis of the current state of the energy balance of the agricultural sector is carried out, and the topical issues of imperfection of the bioenergy and RES production process are identified. Ways to increase the economic efficiency of energy saving by increasing the capacity of biogeneration of energy, based on local energy sources, taking into account the savings in their use, as well as obtaining additional funds from the sale of electricity at a green tariff. It is recommended to improve and harmonize the production of raw materials for biofuel energy and to introduce control over the reporting of economic entities.
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Lim, Keumju, Justine Jihyun Kim, and Jongsu Lee. "Forecasting the future scale of vehicle to grid technology for electric vehicles and its economic value as future electric energy source: The case of South Korea." Energy & Environment 31, no. 8 (January 7, 2020): 1350–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19898283.
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With the world seeking ways to cope with climate change, the interest in and demand for electric vehicles are increasing as part of the efforts to resolve the issue of fine dust, especially in South Korea. The Korean government has consistently announced plans to promote electric vehicles as a means of transportation by providing benefits such as subsidies for electric vehicle purchase and expansion of charging infrastructure. Meanwhile, as electric vehicles continue to grow in number, the energy industry has become attentive to its role as a resource for power generation through vehicle to grid technology. This study analyzes electric vehicle consumer preferences using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) and found that there exists a clear nested structure in Korean consumers’ choice of vehicle. The study also estimates the amount of vehicle to grid electricity supply in the power market and calculates not only national but also individual economic benefit of electric vehicle owners participating in vehicle to grid services based on the estimated amount of electricity supplied. The results of scenario analysis indicate that the estimated electric vehicle supply in Korea will be about 560,000 units cumulatively and that the vehicle to grid electric vehicle power supply scale will reach 1.81 GW by 2030. The estimation shows that the economic benefit of vehicle to grid at the national power market level is 50.9 billion KRW per year, while the economic benefit at an individual level (per vehicle) is 104,151 KRW.